Sustainable Management

The handling of medical wastes presents a number of environmental challenges in most of Zimbabwe's urban centers. Not much has been discussed on the issue, despite the disquiet the wastes cause. This paper explores the types and sources of medical wastes, their storage before collection, their collection, and disposal in the City of KweKwe. Interviews and observations were used to collect data. The study found that manpower, handling the medical waste, were not trained to do the job. Storage before collection for disposal was done in a haphazard manner. An open truck was being used to carry wastes for disposal. The disposal site was not appropriate for medical wastes, as its initial purpose was to handle condemned cattle carcasses from the abattoir. The incinerators at the disposal site were not functional and low heat sources were being used to burn wastes. Finally, this paper recommends sustainable management of medical wastes in the city so as to protect the environment.

The sustainable management and continuation of virtual 3D city models puts specific demands on 3D geodatabases. These demands result from the need to manage three different dimensions of multiple representation: Levels-of-detail, concurrent planning versions, and history over time. In this paper we propose a concept for the integration of all three aspects in the framework of spatial relational database management

Swertia L. is a morphologically diverse but taxonomically distinct genus of the family Gentianaceae with ca150 species. In Nepal, Swertia L. comprises of 29 species with one endemic species (Swertia acaulis H. Sm.) which are widely distributed in the mountainous terrains of Eastern, Central and Western regions at altitude ranging from 600 to 5500m. (Joshi, 2007). The plants are economically

This study was conducted to determine the size at maturity, size at mating, sex ratio and carapace width (CW) to body weight (BW) ratio of the most abundant mud crab species sampled in mangrove areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. Additionally, the taxonomic statuses of Scylla spp. mud crabs from this area were assessed. A total of 14,000 mud crabs representing different sizes, sexes and species were examined to determine taxonomic status and sex ratio for each. In addition, 2000 mud crabs were randomly measured to determine the CW–BW relationship. A total of 1724 female crabs and 1230 male crabs of various sizes were randomly sampled to determine the size at maturity and size at mating. The results indicate that the size at maturity of female S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica were 8.6 cm CW and 9.2 cm CW, respectively. The size at maturity of male crabs is very similar but could not be confirmed because all S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica individuals sampled were already mature. Size at mating for female and male S. olivacea was 9.6 cm CW and 11.3 cm CW, respectively. For female and male S. tranquebarica, size at mating was 10.8 cm CW and 13.1 cm CW, respectively. S. olivacea was the most common mud crab species in this area, comprising 77.64% of total species, followed by S. tranquebarica (21.91%) and S. paramamosain (0.45%). S. serrata were not found during this study. The sex ratios (male:female) for S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica were 1:0.89 and 1:0.75, respectively. The BW increment rate for male crabs of S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica were higher relative to that for female crabs. The CW–BW relationship shows that S. tranquebarica was heavier than S. olivacea. The study also indicates that the selective fishing of mature crabs at a particular site where S. olivacea and S. tranquebarica occur together can cause negative impacts on the populations of these species by affecting size at maturity, size at mating and population dynamics. The biological information and population features from this study can be used in sustainable management and exploitation of mud crab resources in Malaysian coastal waters and the South China Sea.

Wetlands constitute a part of human heritage. It has played a significant role in the development of human culture and society. More over it contains very rich components of biodiversity of local, national, and regional significance. They also provide habitat for a variety of resident and migratory waterfowl, a significant number of endangered species, and a large number of commercially important species. Mangrove wetlands are unique environments of floral-faunal assemblages, providing a complex detritus-based food-web for a number of marine and brackish water organisms. Wetlands in Bangladesh have great importance for the country’s economic, industrial, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects. There are five types of wetlands available in Bangladesh, such as saltwater wetlands, freshwater wetlands, palustrine wetlands, lacustrine wetlands, and manmade wetlands. There are 43 designated wetlands, and some are under threat from indiscriminate utilization, encroachments and reclamation, urbanization and drawbacks from agricultural development, and flood control. Almost 50% of the country’s people are directly dependent on wetlands resources. The vast majority of the poor people in the wetlands areas are dependent on wetlands resources for their nourishment. Wetlands have potential and have been recognized as a driving force for biodiversity conservation and rural socioeconomic improvement. Smart-use of wetlands can solve the ecosystems problems in the floodplain areas. A comprehensive analysis of the various issues leading to wetlands degradation is made in this study. The country needs an adequate interdisciplinary policy and political will to implement it for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and ecologically sensitive ecosystems in Bangladesh. Therefore, a reliable data bank is provided in this study to enhance the conservation measures initiated by the Government.

Matobo district is renowned for a lot of rituals and taboos due to its association with the Njelele “sacred” shrine, which for a long time housed u Ngwali, the Ndebele spirit medium. Although the district lies within agro-ecological four which is characterised by erratic rainfall, the presence of wellmanaged wetlands has saved the local communities from the debilitating effects of droughts. The study sought to find out the role played by the rituals and taboos on wetland management in Matobo District. The study made use of a qualitative research method. Forty participants selected through random and snowball sampling methods were interviewed on the influence of the rituals and taboos on wetlands management. The majority of the participants 80% felt that rituals and taboos that are embedded in the indigenous knowledge systems of the Ndebele society, have contributed much in sustainable management of wetlands. Few of the participants (20)% felt that scientific methods should be used i...

Forest managers now operate in an information-rich but increasingly challenging environment in which the competing demands of environmental stewardship and sustainable management must counter-balance the demands of increased production and profitability. Management support tools, in particular, decision support systems are essential aids in this operating environment. A dynamic forest growth model, CArbon BALAnce (CABALA), that links carbon, water and nitrogen flows through the atmosphere, trees and soil including soil organic matter is presented here as a central part of a silvicultural decision support system.The strong linkage between stand biomass allocation and external environmental conditions make CABALA a model suitable for exploring stand management options and the effects of factors such as frost and drought on growth.The model performance is verified extensively using fertiliser, spacing and thinning trials. Predictions of nitrogen mineralisation, light interception, plant water stress, and biomass allocation as well as stand growth and stand leaf area index are tested with observed data.

SUMMARY The sustainable management of forest is based on orientation and coordination of goals for improved handling and multiple use of forests. In that ambit, the appropriate forest handling leans on in the idea of sustentability of the socioeconomic and sustainable development. However, the recent transformations of the productive pattern of the Brazilian rural economy, marked by the search of

The purpose of this article is to analyze the involvement of Corporate Social Responsibility mutually related with Sustainable Development Goals in the health sphere that investors showed during the epidemic of COVID-19 and to define the goals to which these companies devoted the most attention. In order to answer the research questions, an analysis was made of good CSR practices submitted by large (numerous Polish offices of FDI companies), medium, small and micro-enterprises voluntarily in the Responsible Business Forum. The presented analysis follows a pragmatic approach. The example of good CSR practices of FDI companies (and in-kind contribution during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period) in Poland shows a clear division of activities into necessary charity activities (forced by a difficult situation) and a multitude of intangible or low-budget activities supporting / conditioning the company's business activities, even if they are directly aimed at protecting employees or customers. Most of the aid (2/3) provided directly to prevent shortages of equipment and supplies for medical institutions, school students, the elderly or counteracting other effects of the epidemic was directed from companies with foreign capital, although not from those from the list of the richest 20. There are only one activity to support human entrepreneurship, which could also be beneficial in the post-pandemic period and was initiated by young companies with foreign capital (start-ups). Basically, in the organizational behavior of companies, the postpandemic perspective is invisible, except when considering remote work. Some of the CSR practices were limited to façade activities only. Especially those related to the human environment, including environmental protection (eg zero plastic), education, recruitment and good neighborhood. Employee volunteering became even more popular during the epidemic, but most often it was done remotely.

A study was conducted in four selected upazilas under four coastal districts through participatory rural appraisal (PRA), household survey and monitoring, sampling, focal group discussions, personal interview, onfarm field visits, institutional consultations, and secondary information. The investigation revealed that the valuable natural resources of the whole region are at the verge of serious degradation. Various causes have been identified, which are responsible for degradation of both resources and production environments. These causes include human population growth, coastal embankment, upstream withdrawal of Ganges water, brackish water shrimp farming, salt production, use of agro-chemicals, industrial activities, commercial activities, over-exploitation, etc. The study also showed that the degradation of natural resources is the reason behind the squeezing of historically dominant livelihood opportunities of the coastal communities. The current scenarios of the coastal ecosystem urge necessary steps to be taken for sustainable management of valuable resources and to create alternative livelihood opportunities for the coastal communities.

The biology of barley shoot fly Delia flavibasis was studied using resistant (Dinsho and Harbu) and susceptible (Holker) barley cultivars at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. A higher number of eggs was laid on Holker (17 eggs/female) than on Dinsho (11 eggs/female) or Harbu (12 eggs/female). However, there were no differences between cultivars in preoviposition and total reproductive periods. The shortest time required to complete larval, pupal and total developmental stages from egg to adult emergence occurred when the insect was reared on the cultivar Holker. Pupal weight, adult emergence and adult longevity did not differ between cultivars. The female to male sex ratio was 1:1. This study enabled us to understand the duration of each of the life stages of D. flavibasis, which will undoubtedly aid researchers and growers to design a sustainable management strategy against barley shoot fly.

Matobo district is renowned for a lot of rituals and
taboos due to its association with the Njelele “sacred” shrine,
which for a long time housed u Ngwali, the Ndebele spirit
medium. Although the district lies within agro-ecological four
which is characterised by erratic rainfall, the presence of wellmanaged
wetlands has saved the local communities from the
debilitating effects of droughts. The study sought to find out the
role played by the rituals and taboos on wetland management in
Matobo District. The study made use of a qualitative research
method. Forty participants selected through random and
snowball sampling methods were interviewed on the influence of
the rituals and taboos on wetlands management. The majority of
the participants 80% felt that rituals and taboos that are
embedded in the indigenous knowledge systems of the Ndebele
society, have contributed much in sustainable management of
wetlands. Few of the participants (20)% felt that scientific
methods should be used in the sustainable wetlands
management