TOOL DESIGN

Current office design vastly ignores environmental factors and the
inhabitant conditions. As a result, there is a global typology that offers
uncomfortable and high energy consuming spaces that exclude and isolate the occupants. A poor perception of the working space drives the user to a negligent adaptive behaviour, degraded mood and deficient productivity rates. Climate, context, new working trends and occupants’ perception and behaviour towards space are essential to design or upgrade office typologies.
The aim of this dissertation is to provide a design method that takes the occupants’ comfort perception and response into account for working spaces. The proposed strategies are tested on an existing office building in Madrid. The key points of the developed methodology focus on offering freedom to the occupant to choose their preferred working atmosphere,  allowing adaptive, easy to use and accessible control strategies that may be managed by the building and/or the occupant in a free running mode.

—This research presents a work in progress in which we discuss the potentialities and challenges in the development of Persuasive Technologies (PTs) and the possible opportunities of use in the most diverse areas. However, we emphasize the impact of the use of Pts as a motivational agent of the teaching and learning process. More precisely, this work investigates the use of PT as a mediator of characteristics related to the individual's perception of emotions and behavior. More precisely we propose the the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) transcription for a computer tool. To do this we use the Fuzzy Logic. In order to validate the framework, we present a application in a scenario focused on the reduction of electric energy consumption. The results validate the proposed modeling as it relates to the measurement of the indexes of ability and motivation.

Intensive utilization of computers is especially emphasized in the field of industrial production, where use of computer applications achieves significant savings in regard to the time required for manufacturing of products. Shortening of the production time decreases the production costs and new products are faster introduced to the market, thus making the company more competitive. In addition to the shorter time for production, better precision and accuracy is also accomplished, resulting with better product quality at the end. Due to the fact that, for the reason of cost-effectiveness of manufacturing of tools, processing of sheet metal on presses is primarily performed in the course of serial production, this paper focuses on an analysis of the use of computers in the process of design of tools for punching and cutting of sheet metal on presses. The presented methodology encompasses all phases in the process of design of tools – from planning the work piece until the final design of the tool for punching and cutting, with an emphasis on the activities performed exclusively by computer applications. The result of this research is a 3D geometrical model of a tool for punching and cutting, with an explanation of characteristics of its construction parts, calculation of its executive parts, analysis and simulation of operation of the tool, and finally the conclusion on the representation and importance of the utilization of computer applications in the process of design of such tools.

This chapter explores the possibilities of online tools to support ICT (Information and Communication Technology) integration in primary education. Before describing three
valuable tools, a framework will be discussed which gives schools insight into the most important preconditions for successful use of ICT in relation to the selection of a specific tool. Consequently, three specific tools are described: (1) the “Four in Balance” tool measures a school’s current use of ICT, (2) the “ICT-Assessment tool” focuses on teachers’ knowledge and skills and corresponds with the school’s vision on ‘good’ education, and (3) “pICTos”, an online tool that supports the process of ICT planning in schools. These examples illustrate how the tools operate and their many possibilities.

We are from HONGYI JIG RAPID TECHNOLOGIES, Product Development Company which delivers the best IMPORTED injection moulds and tooling to its customers including product engineering, product assemblies, mould-ability and part analysis through styling, engineering design, prototyping and Mock ups etc.

An important step towards the successful integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools is to facilitate their capacity to develop a school-based ICT policy resulting in an ICT policy plan. Such a plan can be defined as a school document containing strategic and operational elements concerning the integration of ICT in education. To write such a plan in an efficient way is challenging for schools. Therefore, an online tool [Planning for ICT in Schools (pICTos)] has been developed to guide schools in this process. A multiple case study research project was conducted with three Flemish primary schools to explore the process of developing a school-based ICT policy plan and the supportive role of pICTos within this process. Data from multiple sources (i.e. interviews with school leaders and ICT coordinators, school policy documents analysis and a teacher questionnaire) were collected and analysed. The results indicate that schools shape their ICT policy based on specific school data collected and presented by the pICTos environment. School teams learned about the actual and future place of ICT in teaching and learning. Consequently, different policy decisions were made according to each school's vision on ‘good’ education and ICT integration.

An important step towards the successful integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools is to facilitate their capacity to develop a school-based ICT policy
resulting in an ICT policy plan. Such a plan can be defined as a school document containing strategic and operational elements concerning the integration of ICT in education. To write such a plan in an efficient way is challenging for schools. Therefore, an online tool [Planning for ICT in Schools (pICTos)] has been developed to guide schools in this process. A multiple case study research project was conducted with three Flemish primary schools to explore the
process of developing a school-based ICT policy plan and the supportive role of pICTos within this process. Data from multiple sources (i.e. interviews with school leaders and ICT coordinators, school policy documents analysis and a teacher questionnaire) were collected and analysed. The results indicate that schools shape their ICT policy based on specific school data collected and presented by the pICTos environment. School teams learned about the actual and
future place of ICT in teaching and learning. Consequently, different policy decisions were made according to each school’s vision on ‘good’ education and ICT integration.

We consider here two modes of relation to an instrument: “in-hand” and “put-down”. For the user, these two modes are phenomenologically mutually exclusive; we discuss the conditions for passing from one mode to the other. More precisely, the constitution and the effectiveness of the “in-hand” mode for a new tool depends on a process of appropriation that needs to be characterized and conceptualized. For the design of interaction, taking into account this appropriation process translates into writing a scenario for a disappearance, that of the tool itself, in favour of the space of action that the tool makes possible.

Ceramic cores are used as sacrificial inserts to generate intricate and complex shapes in components made of advanced materials for aero-engine and aerospace applications. Ceramic mix used in the process of making ceramic cores is usually based on Silica or Alumina powders, with wax as binding material. The shaping of ceramic cores to the required complex geometry is carried out on high pressure injection molding machines on specially designed dies/molds.  Development of the ceramic mix in itself is a complex process, which needs to be  tailor made to suit component  fabrication methods such as  investment casting, HIP, etc. Tool/mold to precisely and accurately shape the ceramic core using Ceramic Injection Moulding (CIM) requires the design to incorporate mix and geometry specific shrinkage and warpage (S&W) phenomena, so that precisely dimensioned ceramic cores can be produced to the stringent geometrical tolerances demanded of these components. Ceramic mix being abrasive and injected under high pressures, mold wear is a cause of concern and hence there is a need to develop the tools in high hardness materials. Inspection and qualification of ceramic cores has to be established not only to evaluate the S& W effects occurring in the total process but also to certify each ceramic core for use in the intended application.
In advanced aero-engine applications, the hot end components of the turbine stage consisting of blade/vane castings have extremely complex internal geometry generated using ceramic cores.  This application of investment casting technology has been well established in DMRL. In a strategic application, ceramic cores have been used to produce internal geometries of aerofoils of large and complex shaped turbine integral stator/rotor castings for an experimental missile. In a recent effort, tooling for ceramic cores have been successfully developed to produce complex shaped rotors for space application using powder metallurgy techniques.
The process of manufacture of these components is a niche area and the technology has to be developed in-house. DMRL over the last two decades has strived to establish this technology and today has the capability to completely meet the demands of all the critical defence projects. Various projects for Kaveri, Adour, PTAE, JFS and related aero-engine programs have benefitted from this effort and the offsets of this development have also reached civilian sector for power generation.

Present paper highlights the issues related to the process of ceramic core development and showcases their applications in aero engine and aerospace fields.

"This paper refers to a research project that we are conducting about the formalization of the designer's cognitive activity in order to develop new computational tools to support the early design process. These tools are especially focused on the inspirational phase of design. We first formalized the cognitive processes of the designers dedicated to our specific phase, and identified some routine parts where computational tools could be useful in order to enrich the traditional design process. The computation of design rules in the early phases of design needs to establish specific formalizations that can be implemented by algorithms.
After modelling designers' cognitive processes, we explored the main information systems they use and completed them by an investigation about Content-Based Image Retrieval systems (CBIR). Our research consisted then in establishing specific formalizations in order to cope with recent technologies that could improve the precision and efficiency with which designers can access inspirational images."

Popular wisdom holds that the more technologically advanced society becomes, the freer its citizens are. Machines and electronic devices have eliminated the economic need for slavery, and support a lifestyle that is increasingly opulent. This paper begs the question: What becomes of the ‘human’ subject in this situation? We try to  separate ourselves from these servile tools, reifying Cartesian dualism. However, a growing body of cognitive psychological research is proving that this divide is in no way as clearcut as it seems at first glance; in practicality, every person is truly a hybridity - a cyborg. The author employs cognitive research to problematize the limits of the human body, reasserts a broader conception of those limits and seeks to more thoroughly understand the trajectory of human-machine coexistence. Ultimately, this is a project of situating agency, and recognizing how deeply embedded human existence is in the world around it.

This paper reports our experiences studying the work practices of professional software engineers(SEs) with the goal of designing tools that enhance, rather than displace or replace, these work practices. The rationale being that the tools we build will actually be used because they have been created to mesh with existing behaviour. We provide our reasons for following this approach, and describe some details of our approach such as the discovery of work patterns, and the use of synchronized shadowing. We outline several studies we are currently conducting in a large telecommunications company and talk about how these studies have influenced the design of a software engineering exploration environment.