Team Learning

Prevailing modes of instruction, often passive in nature, do not address crucial issues for student success in science: the need for students to become part of an intellectual community, the differences in the ways students learn, and the powerful role that mentoring can play in involving students in science. Furthermore, students who spend most of their instructional time listening to lectures seldom learn to communicate scientific ideas and to become part of a problem-solving team, skills that industry tells us are crucial to success in the workplace. Workshop Chemistry is a peer-led team-learning model of instruction that provides an active learning experience for students, creates new leadership roles for those who have done well, and involves faculty in the process of reform. A modest reduction in lecture or recitation time is replaced by a two-hour student-directed small group roblem-solving and model-building workshop. The Workshop Chemistry Project is a coalition of faculty, learning specialists, and students from a variety of institutions organized around the theme of developing the workship model as an integral part of the course structure. Several brief descriptions of the workshop courses offered in the Fall of 1995 are provided, along with some sample workshop problems. Surveys, focus groups, student logs, faculty interviews, and actual course results provide insight into the enhanced learning in the workshop and the progress of the project towards its goals.

Die Moderationsmethode           3
Die Moderation                   4
Moderationsziele           5
Moderationselemente           6
Moderationshilfsmittel           7
Farben der Moderation           9
Der Moderator                           15
Themenorientierte Kommunikation    17
Themenzentrierte Interaktion                20
Die Szenario Analyse                     23
Literaturhinweise                                      25

Este trabajo de revisión tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, se analizan las potencialidades de las organizaciones-basadas-en- equipos y de sus ventajas para el afrontamiento y la adaptación a entornos flexibles e inciertos. Y en segundo lugar, se examinan los efectos que estas condiciones y dinámicas organizacionales pueden ejercer sobre los procesos y los resultados grupales, dedi- cando especial atención a fenómenos como la reducción del tamaño del equipo, los cambios en la composición, los procesos de aprendizaje de equipo y otras disposiciones derivadas de los requerimientos de flexibilidad; asimismo, se analizan sus posibles con- secuencias en relación con el rendimiento y la eficacia de los equipos. Finalmente, se resumen las principales implicaciones prácticas para el diseño de las organizaciones y la gestión de equipos de trabajo en contextos dinámicos y complejos caracterizados por altos niveles de incertidumbre y flexibilidad.

3M was a company first established to mine corundum ("About 3M Mining & Metallurgy", 2019). History records the failure of 3M to successfully mine corundum: however, the products they discovered on their way to failure set the company up for more than 100 years of success. The key to the success of 3M was in their exploratory nature and their resilience to failure. These two ideologies, above all else, have allowed 3M to become the titan of innovation and creativity they are today.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of disagreement and cohesiveness on knowledge sharing in teams, and on the performance of individual team members. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from a survey among 1,354 ...

This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population.

ABSTRACT: Governance organisations have been urged to develop more holistic evidence-based approaches with partners to better deal with issues affecting the governed population. This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations.

This case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships.

The research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders.

The study examined:

- stakeholder engagement and networks
- current and varied understandings of the population
- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings
- the influence of context on organisational learning

and analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population.

In the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships.

However, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations.

Nonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches.

It was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia.   

Recommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study.

It is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions.

The work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by Prof. Patsy Healy)

BACKGROUND: Fishbone diagrams have been widely promoted as a systems-focused hazard analysis tool for use in root cause analysis, but they suffer from a number of structural weaknesses, including a unidirectional structure that only takes into account forces that promote an accident (ignoring those that make the accident less likely or less severe) and a means of displaying these forces that does not convey any difference in strength of influence. In a separate but related issue, many healthcare organizations suffer from a lack of change management expertise.

PROPOSED SOLUTION: To address these concerns, I present a novel technique, the Lovebug diagram, which draws from both Fishbone diagrams and force-field analysis (an approach to analyzing planned change). This new technique adds value to both its progenitor methods, while retaining their key strengths and ease of use. It can be used both prospectively, to assess planned changes, and retrospectively to assess unplanned (accidental) departures from the status quo.

DISCUSSION: The Lovebug diagram is a more powerful analytical tool than its progenitor methods; however, overall adoption of systems-focused tools for root cause analysis remains suboptimal. Additional research is needed to determine how best to promote a truly systems-focused approach to healthcare root cause analysis. Beyond this retrospective use of the technique, it represents a simple tool to assist healthcare organizations with prospective change management.

Available from: http://cri.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/10/25/1356262213510855.abstract

The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the effects of shared mental models and shared temporal cognitions on team processes and effectiveness over time. The thesis includes five empirical studies. The findings of the study reported in chapter 2 suggest that relationship conflict mediates the relationship between team mental model similarity at the beginning of the team lifecycle and team effectiveness. Chapter 3 describes a study that reveals that team creativity positively mediates the relationship between shared mental models and team effectiveness; and that intragroup conflict and creativity sequentially mediate the relationship between shared mental models and team effectiveness. Chapter 4 describes a study that suggests that shared temporal cognitions function as a substitute of temporal leadership in reducing temporal conflict. Further, this study provides evidence for the mediating role of temporal conflict between temporal leadership and team performance, and between shared temporal cognitions and team performance. The findings of the study reported in chapter 5 indicate that when accuracy is low, the more similar team members’ temporal mental models are, the less they engage in learning behaviors; and that team adaptation mediates the relationship between team learning and performance. Finally, the findings of the study reported in chapter 6 show that temporal and task mental models are crucial for the translation of team learning behaviors into performance improvement. The thesis contributes to the understanding of teamwork, in particular to the important role of shared mental models and shared temporal cognitions for managing teams in organizational contexts.

In most of today's campus-like learning settings, students are frequently confronted with e-learning systems that do not only deliver and display learning content, but are equipped with a number of integrated tools for file sharing, communication, personalisation (personal annotations, text marking, etc) and cooperation. However, recent observations show that these functions are rarely used. One reason for not using the technological opportunities for informal communication and interaction is the poor design of such ...

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) strategy on the achievement and engagement level students in Chemistry. It was conducted at Casimiro A. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School, Taytay, Rizal during the third quarter period of the school year 2018-2019. The participants of this study were chosen using purposive sampling. The sample students belong to one intact section of Grade 9 composed of 36 students. This study utilized a one-group pre-experimental research design. The results revealed that there is a significant difference in the chemistry achievement and engagement level of the students before and after their exposure to Peer-Led Team Learning. Significant difference was found in all the CIP engagement factors which are; cooperation, interest and participation after the students were exposed to PLTL. In overall there is a significant difference in the engagement mean of students before and after the implementation of PLTL. It was concluded that the use of Peer-Led Team Learning had positive effects to the learning achievement in chemistry and engagement of students. The workshop participants revealed they are felt comfortable learning under the peer leaders because they approachable and they were able to execute the lessons properly and clearly. The students also enjoyed sharing ideas and working with each other that triggered cooperation among them.

Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are conventionally recommended in mental health
care literature as an important way to offer holistic treatment provision to patients. This
study aims to explore multidisciplinary teamwork in contemporary mental health
settings, particularly what aids and hinders the process of multidisciplinary teamworking,
and the social work contribution in such teams. In order to attain an in-depth
exploration of these phenomena, a single case study design was employed. Within this
design, data were generated through semi-structured interviews and structured
observation of a mental health MDT in Ireland. These data were analysed using
interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research highlights how the concept of
mental illness is contested within this MDT, with the medical model dominant within
an environment of fluid working arrangements. Professional role blurring and
stereotyping were found to impact the division of labour on this team, with role
negotiation found to be an integral part of retaining a professional’s practice identity.
This research raises concerns for social work’s capacity to function within mental
health MDTs in Ireland, and highlights ways in which social work educators might
respond in order to empower Irish social workers to meet the challenges of mental
health multidisciplinary teamworking.

In the continuous expedition towards improving effectiveness in the workplace  to levels of pareto-optimality, Peter Senge in his famous book - The Fifth Discipline, outlines some of the basic practices and guides towards attaining such height. This paper marries Senge's research with the concepts of Employee Effectiveness to outline factors that can be become ingrained in any organization to help make it become a Learning Organization . As the whole is known to be greater than the sum of its parts, it all  begins with the stride towards individual effectiveness of the employees and then a successful attempt towards team building and synergy.