Television Broadcasting

The secondary usage of TV white spaces (TVWS) is one of the most promising implementations of the cognitive radio concept. At the same time, the TV broadcasting services should not be affected by harmful interference from secondary users. This paper investigates the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and ECC (Electronic Communications Committee) proposed rules for enabling secondary spectrum access in TVWS. These two approaches are evaluated on a small geographical area. The obtained results and their appropriate analysis revealed an existence of trade-off between the provided level of primary system protection and estimated secondary usable capacity, emphasizing the advantages and weaknesses of both approaches.

... Lauren Christopher, John Stewart, Kumar Ramaswamy, Paul Wagner, Peter Murphy, Dave Albean, Dave McAllister Thomson Consumer Electronics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ... The architecture is a RAM in which one reads in a different order from that which was written. ...

This paper describes the feasibility study on the traffic information provision which is suitable for TV broadcasting by using floating car data (FCD). Recent telematics services provide traffic information via on-board car navigation units or portable navigation devices which facilitate interactive use but for limited number of users. On the other hand, the information provision via TV broadcasting has large number of viewer and may seems have significant influence on their travel behaviors especially in the case of singular traffic conditions. However the way of expression of traffic information via broadcasting has limitation in the interaction and the sparse resolution on TV monitors. In this paper, we will propose the mesh-wised traffic indices in terms of the fluidity and the singularity in traffic conditions based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) of traffic flows. After the discussion on the theoretical framework, the preliminary studies using taxi probe data in T...

This paper presents efficient FPGA hardware architecture for the implementation of a digital video processing algorithm for improving picture quality when displayed on devices such as LCD and PDP panels. The algorithm performs dynamic range compression on the photographic quality input video and produces the output suitable for displaying on the panel. The algorithm is based on bilateral filter. Bilateral filter is a type of non-iterative smoothing filter that preserves edge information. The proposed architecture demonstrates a good compromise between filter performance and FPGA resource requirements. The architecture was prototyped in hardware using FPGA. The design and simulation was carried out using system-level approach.

This paper presents an approach to automatically segmenting broadcast TV news programmes into individual news stories. We first segment the programme into individual shots, and then a number of analysis tools are run on the programme to extract features to represent each shot. The results of these feature extraction tools are then combined using a Support Vector Machine trained to detect anchorperson shots. A news broadcast can then be segmented into individual stories based on the location of the anchorperson shots within the programme. In this paper we use one generic system to segment programmes from two different broadcasters, illustrating the robustness of our feature extraction process to the production styles of different broadcasters. 1.

This project aims to demonstrate how the current racial ideology in America is portrayed through television media. It is primarily guided by the work of Eduardo Bonita-Silva and his masterful examination of post-civil rights racism in the United States in his book Racism Without Racists. From a firm understanding of the ideology of this new racism -its frames, styles, and storylines -the content of two televisions shows are analyzed to identify the racial ideology and the representations of people of color within. Scandal (ABC) is progressive in the sense that it has a Black female lead, and two other main POC (people of color) characters. It is the first show in 38 years featuring a Black female lead that has been renewed by a major network. The Walking Dead (AMC) is about reconstructing society and trying to survive amidst a zombie apocalypse. Is race still a salient issue in this context? Those who argue of a “post-racial society” would say no, but the show constructs a reality t...

Today, TV white spaces are the most promising spectrum in which cognitive radios (CRs) can be deployed. The goal of this article is to investigate the potential increase in available spectrum used by the CR device. We define two knowledge levels and show that information about the TV receivers can increase the amount of available spectrum for CR devices in

In this research, the commercial communication concept and the types of commercial communication were discussed with descriptive and explanation methods and then “product placement” concept, which gained a legal ground in Turkey with Law No 6112, was defined and the legislative arrangements were studied. Areas where product placement has been used were restricted to radio and television; product placement on the Internet, in video games, social networks and films were not addressed. Types of product placement such as “active product placement” based on the use by the film characters of the products that are intended to be promoted, and “passive product placement” based on the principle that the product appears on the screen throughout the process without having any connection with the story line of the program or film, as well as product placement in the scenario, digital product placement, product placement through gift, were excluded from the research.

This paper describes the development of the CU-CON system which participated in the 1996 ARPA Hub 4 Evaluations. The system is based on ABBOT, a hybrid connectionist-HMM large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system developed at the ...

Using conventional broadcasting, if we want to support a 120-minute popular movie every 10 minutes, we need 12 video channels. Assuming the set-top box at the client end can buffer portions of the playing video on a disk, pyramid broadcasting schemes can reduce the bandwidth requirements to 5.7 channels. We present a new scheme which only needs 3.2 channels. For a movie with length D minutes, if we want to reduce the viewer waiting time to D/N minutes, we only need to allocate H(N) video channels to broadcast the movie periodically, where H(N) is the harmonic number of N, H(N)=1+1/2+…+1/N. In order to support video-on-demand service for a popular movie, the new scheme greatly reduces the bandwidth requirements

In cognitive radio system, different primary signals have different protection requirements and operating parameters. So, classification of primary signals at secondary user receiver is needed to achieve these requirements of protection and support scalability. Scalability means changing operating parameters according to the current conditions which one of them is the primary signal that occupies the spectrum band. In this paper, we propose an approach to classify the primary signal either TV-PAL signal or wireless microphone signal using cyclostationary features in the context of IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network (WRAN). The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated by probability of correct classification. This knowledge of identifying the primary signals can be applied for bandwidth scalability to use fractions of TV channel when it is occupied by wireless microphone signal. The results show that the proposed approach performs well in low signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR) and it is expected to increase the overall spectrum utilization of WRAN cognitive radio as well.

This paper builds upon the work carried out by Brunel University in the field of "Fast Prototyping And Semiautomated User Interface And Application Generation for Converged Broadcast and Cellular Terminals". This work involved the development of a service creation application for interactive services on mobile devices and methodologies and tools to speed up and deskill the deployment process. This paper aims at further enhancing these tools and presents an enhanced open standards reference platform for mobile digital TV and rich media services. By using a Scalar Vector Graphics (SVG)-driven Java MIDP application (as opposed to bitmapped raster graphics-driven MHP), rich media services can be broadcast to mobile devices running various Java-supported platforms with a user interface scalable to any screen size. Moreover, the Rich Media Mobile Browser is integrated into a service creation tool, therefore enabling rapid testing and deployment of rich mobile media services. The following sections detail the motivation behind the need for a platform which allows for rich media play-out on mobile devices, along with the rich media mobile viewing application and the tools used to create and test rich media with speed and ease.