Ternate

La figura di Esteban de Alcázar è quella di un classico soldato spagnolo degli anni
tra la fine del Cinquecento e l'inizio del Seicento secolo. Nelle mie ricerche l'ho trovato nelle Molucche fin dalla conquista del Ternate nel 1606. In questo studio ho cercato di ricostruire i fatti salienti della sua vita.

Excerpt from the book: Gli spagnoli nelle isole Molucche (1521-1663/1671-1677). La storia della presenza spagnola nelle isole della spezie - Ramerini Marco

https://www.colonialvoyage.com/esteban-de-alcazar-un-soldato-al-servizio-del-re-di-spagna-in-europa-alle-filippine-e-alle-molucche/

Esteban de Alcázar, a soldier in the service of the king of Spain in Europe, the Philippines and the Moluccas

Esteban de Alcázar, militar al servicio del rey de España en Europa, Filipinas y Molucas

The Spanish remained on Ternate for 57 years, from 1606 until 1663 (although on the island of Siau, a very small Spanish garrison remained from 1671 to 1677). The Spanish also occupied a few smaller spice islands as well. This period was characterized by continuous fighting against the Dutch, who nearly always had the upper hand at sea and better arms as well as more soldiers and ships. For most of the period the Spaniards had a faithful ally in the sultan of Tidore, while the Dutch had the same in that of Ternate.

Excerpt from the book: I forti spagnoli nelle isole Molucche. Ternate e Tidore: Le isole delle spezie - Ramerini Marco

https://www.colonialvoyage.com/spanish-presence-moluccas-ternate-tidore/

Los españoles permanecieron en Ternate durante 57 años, desde 1606 hasta 1663 (aunque en la isla de Siau permaneció una guarnición española muy pequeña desde 1671 hasta 1677). Los españoles también ocuparon algunas islas de especias más pequeñas. Este período se caracterizó por la continua lucha contra los holandeses, que casi siempre tenían la ventaja en el mar y mejores armas, así como más soldados y barcos. Durante la mayor parte del período los españoles tuvieron un fiel aliado en el sultán de Tidore, mientras que los holandeses tuvieron lo mismo en el de Ternate.

Before the concept of sovereign states that now divided Southeast Asia into independent nations, there exists the presence of small independent kingdoms across it. The coming of Islam elevated many of these polities into more advance kingdoms that later became sultanates. Amongst these kingdoms arose the sultanates of Maguindanao and Ternate. Maguindanao, located in the island of Mindanao (Philippines), whose role as a free-port in the trade routes attracted various European presence. And, Ternate, located in the Moluccas chain of islands (Indonesia), whose proximity in the spice-trades also attracted European dominance. The paper attempts to trace the connection of both polities and their disconnection by using Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and English sources. Focus will also include the European's interference with the social, economic, and sometimes political affairs in the region. The objective of the study will try to answer the following: What connected the Maguindanao sultanate to the Ternate sultanate? How did their relationship disconnected? How can it help in understanding the Malay World during the age of European colonization and in the present? What makes the study historical and significant is that: it explains how two Malay sultanates are connected by ethnicity, social, and economic relationships; and how they are disconnected because of European colonization in the region.

Dalam memahami kajian kesetaraan gender, seseorang harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu perbedaan antara gender dengan seks ( jenis kelamin ). Kurangnya pemahaman tentang pengertian Gender menjadi salah satu penyebab dalam pertentangan menerima suatu analisis gender di suatu persoalan ketidakadilan social.

"This book offers annotated translations of documents touching on Dutch admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge and his voyage to Asia between 1605 and 1608. These translations are aimed at a contemporary English-speaking Asian readership interested in the early modern history of European trade, warfare and expansion in Southeast Asia with a focus on Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Researchers specialising in early European colonialism, international law, international relations, security studies, and diplomatic history will also find that the documents translated in this volume offer new and unfamiliar perspectives. Materlieff’s business acumen, military and diplomataic prowess as well as his vision of empire all have implications for examining not only European expansion into Southeast Asia, but also into other regions at large, including especially south Asia, Africa and the Americas.
Admiral Matelieff was a director of the Rotterdam Chamber of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) formed in 1602. He was appointed fleet commander on one of the company’s first voyages to Asia. Matelieff’s mission was both commercial and military: he launched a major sea-borne attack on the Portuguese colony of Melaka, arranged for the signing of treaties with the rulers of Johor, Aceh and Ternate, and founded the first Dutch fort on the island of Ternate. His endeavours, however, to open the Chinese market for the Dutch company proved unsuccessful.
Following his return to the Dutch Republic in September 1608, Matelieff penned a series of memorials and letters. In these he advanced recommendations for changing the way the company organized its fleets and conducted business. More importantly he offered  his Dutch contemporaries a vision of empire in Asia. The materials contained in this volume offer important observations of a perceptive analyst who was also determined to grasp the political and economic structures of Asia, and also of inter-state relations in across this vast region. At a time of Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French and English engagement in Southeast Asia, Matelieff sought to critically assess and strategize on the ways in which Europeans were increasingly engaging with Asian polities and their rulers.

This book will be released for sale in Australasia and Europe in June 2014 and available in the Americas after September 2014
""""

Nama merupakan predikat identitas suatu obyek. Nama menerangkan dan menjelaskan sesuatu itu apa dan seperti apa. Sesuatu itu dapat dikenal, disamakan atau dibedakan melalui nama. Setiap nama memiliki penjelasan arti, makna, latar belakang sejarah, maupun tujuan. Sebuah nama bisa tidak diganti atau diganti, tergantung kebutuhan, manfaat, dan tujuan. Lain lagi bila pengguna nama yang tertukar, akan diikuti kekeliruan tafsir, selain membebani sejarah bila terdapat kisah kelamnya. Sebagaimana nama Maluku dan Alifuru, dua nama yang dikenal pada satu wilayah geografis yang sama. Maluku mengenalkan kepada istilah wilayah, sedangkan Alifuru menerangkan identitas komuniti pribumi wilayah tersebut. Beberapa sumber yang dijadikan rujukan, menjelaskan perbedaan yang memunculkan pertanyaan, cenderung kontraversial. Masing-masing nama berlatar belakang sejarah yang saling berbeda konteks serta nuansa, tetapi satu dalam peristiwa di kurun waktu yang sama sebelumnya. Era, situasi, dan pola pandang telah berubah, kesesuaian tataguna nama sudah bergeser konteks sehingga kehilangan relevansi obyektifnya.

Komersialisasi merupakan proses menjadikan objek, produk atau barang tertentu menjadi sebuah produk yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi. Manfaat dari komersisialisasi adalah untuk mendatangkan keuntungan bagi suatu objek wisata. Unsur-unsur budaya di Kedaton Sultan dan Masjid Sultan memiliki peluang untuk dikomersialisasikan sebagai produk wisata dan usaha untuk melestarikan kebudayaan lokal dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dan mengumpulkan data dengan cara wawancara, dokumentasi, observasi, dan untuk melengkapi data yang ada maka peneliti menggunakan kuesioner. Maka dari pada itu penulis menggunakan Skema 5A untuk menentukan suatu daerah tujuan wisata antara lain : Akses (Kemudahan untuk dikunjungi dan memiliki jalan yang dapat dilalui oleh kendaraan lokasi wisata yang layak, aman, nyaman, dan dapat dijangkau), Akomodasi (Kemudahan mendapatkan / ada tempat penginapan yang layak bersih dan ramah), Atraksi (Adanya atraksi atau objek wisata yang dikelola oleh pemerintah/masyarakat setempat yang layak serta aman untuk dikunjungi wisatawan), Aktivitas (Adanya aktivitas yang layak dilakukan wisatawan dengan aman, dan dapat dipantau keselamatannya), Amenitis (Tersedianya fasilitas-fasilitas yang diperlukan oleh wisatawan).Untuk menganalisis data penulis menggunakan analisis SWOT. SWOT adalah singkatan dari lingkungan internal Strenghts dan Weaknessesn serta lingkungan eksternal Opportunities dan Threats yang dihadapi dunia bisnis. Analisis SWOT membandingkan antara faktor eksternal Peluang (opportunities) dan Ancama (threats) dengan faktor internal kekuatan (strengths), dan kelemahan (weaknesses).Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya, maka kesimpulannya adalah Unsur Budaya yang terdapat di Kedaton Sultan dan Masjid Sultan dapat dijadikan sebagai objek wisata dengan menggunakan unsur 5A yaitu Aksesbilitas, Akomodasi, Atraksi, Aktifitas, dan Amenitis, untuk dapat menarik wisatawan yang ingin berkunjung ke Kedaton Sultan dan Masjid Sultan Ternate dan Bentuk Komersialisasi yang dimiliki oleh Kedaton Sultan dan Masjid Sultan yaitu mengandung nilai-nilai budaya dan sejarah sehingga mampu mendorong wisatawan untuk berkunjung ke tempat tersebut.

Keyword :Komersialisasi,Objek wisata dan Unsur Budaya.

Puji serta rasa syukur kita haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT. karena telah memberi petunjuk dan hidayah-Nya kepada kita semua dalam menjalankan segala aktivitas sehari-hari, terutama petunjuk itu diberikan pada diri sendiri untuk menuangkan semua kreativitas melalui penulisan ini. Saya dalam penulisan ini selalu terbuka untuk menerima segala kritikan yang membangun, saran yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, dan solusi yang bisa memperbaiki segala kekurangan. Upaya untuk mengungkapkan sejarah Kulaba ini terdorong oleh keinginan untuk mendeskripsikan agar terhimpun dalam kumpulan sejarah yang dapat diselamatkan dari sisa generasi yang masih memilikinya yang hampir mengalami kepunahan. Apa yang terungkap dalam deskripsi ini memuat kemampuan yang dicapai penulis, sesuai dengan kondisi/situasi, sarana dan prasarana merupakan penunjang ke arah usaha mendekati kesempurnaan. Disadari bahwa kesederhanaan ataupun ketidaklengkapan ini akan terpenuhi kemudian apabila penikmat memenuhi perhatian akan kekurangannya. Bertolak dari keinginan ini, secara pribadi saya beranggapan bahwa usaha kearah ini pasti mendapat perhatian baik dari peminatnya maupun peneliti yang mengangkatnya kearah yang lebih sempurna. Apabila para pembaca yang dapat mengetahui sejarah Kulaba yang lebih mendetail untuk menuai kembali sesuai dengan kedudukan, fungsi, serta tata kelolanya masing-masing. Hal ini dapat dibaringi harapan agar usaha seseorang tidak luput dari kekurangan dan kekhilafan. Dengan demikian koreksi para pembacalah yang akan memberikan jalan kearah kesempurnaan. Oleh karena usaha penggalian, pengumpulan, dan pendokumentasian penelitian sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan sehinggah sejarah Kulaba dapat diwariskan kepada generasi yang akan datang dan semoga segala kekurangan akan terpenuhi, apabila semua orang terbuka untuk menggungkapkan sejarah yang sebenarnya. To tike se to sabi-sabi Sabi kane ngolo Qadim Fo sipadi dobe koa La ikodiho doka sosiranya BOBATO NYAGIMOI SE TOFKANGE (BOBATO 18) MOLOKU KIE RAHA KESULTANAN TERNATE

[Chapter 6 (Pp. 71-90) in: "Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy" ed. by P.M. Taylor Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1994] [NOTE: The entire book is available in the "Books" section below.]
    Several chapters in this volume examine changes to Indonesia's art forms, including destruction and loss due to the international primitive art market. Suppose we could prevent the local losses that occur as a result of the international exportation of collectible Indonesian art. What alternative is there to the decontextualization and loss that occur for this and many other local reasons? This essay attempts to consider the viability of Indonesia's fledgling but rapidly growing museum system as an alternative to such loss. A museum has many functions. In Indonesia as elsewhere these include preserving objects, but also publicly presenting them to tell a story. The 1980s and 1990s constitute a period of rapid growth in Indonesia's museum system, with centrally planned regional museums taking shape in every province. To watch this expansion of a centralized museum system throughout the archipelago, and reactions to it, is to watch Indonesia's center and periphery debate their public presentation of themselves.

Bilingual book (Spanish and English). In this book, the reader will learn about the most relevant historical aspects that occurred during the most convulsive period in the history of the Moluccan Islands. A precise and detailed tour of each of the Ternate and Tidore fortifications built by the European powers that vied for control of the monopoly of the trade in spices, cloves and nutmeg, during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Summary: The White Cockatoo Cacatua alba is endemic to the North Molucca islands and is considered Endangered mostly due to unsustainable levels of trappingforthepettrade.Littleisknown about its breeding biology in the wild, except that it nests in tall trees during the early part of the year. We made brief observations of two active nests of White Cockatoos on Halmahera and another on Ternate in February and March 2014, and estimate the egg laying dates of two of these nests as mid-October and mid- November. Combined with other data, the breeding season appears to extend from October to May or June. All three nests were visited by Blyth’s Hornbills Rhyticeros plicatus, a species which occurs throughout North Maluku, as well as New Guinea. One nest was subsequently abandoned. In September and November 2014, we observed two active nest cavities of hornbills, one of which was inspected by a cockatoo, and the other, approached closely by cockatoos. Both hornbill nests were reported to have been used previously by White Cockatoos, suggesting that the two species may either share or compete for the samenestcavities.Sharingofcavitiesmay be facilitated by partly non-overlapping breeding seasons, as Blyth’s Hornbill reportedly lays eggs from August to October in the region. However, as the nest cycle of both species is c.4 months, it is possible that early nesting pairs of one species may attempt to usurp nest cavities occupied by the other species. The potential for nest competition may be exacerbated on small islands where deforestation has reduced the number of nest cavities available for hole-nesting species.

On Alor and Pantar islands in eastern Indonesia, Muslims and some Christians are united by a common history going back to the time of conversion to Islam, when their ancestors agreed the rules of tradition (adat). When inland villages became Protestant Christians in the 20th century, some of them did so only with the agreement of their Muslim neighbours. The two communities intermarry and share ritual and political practices. Recent conflicts between the two religious groups in other areas of the islands appear to derive from land disputes following government-enforced resettlement on the coast, some issues over local marriage rules, and the politicisation of religious identities elsewhere in Indonesia.

Kota Ternate merupakan kota yang pendapatan terus meningkat pertahunnya, dalam hal ini pelabuhan Bastiong yang dimana di kelola oleh PT. Pelindo IV Cabang Ternate termaksut salah satu pelabuhan yang sangat membantu upaya meningkatkan PAD Kota Ternate dalam hal Retribusi Pakir.  PT. Pelindo Cabang IV Kota Ternate sebagai penyediaan lahan dan Masyarakat sebagai pengguna jasa parkir, kajian ini juga didasarkan pada sistem fiqih dan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Tujuan dari penilitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem penerimaan yang ada dan dapat menganalisis  sistem penerimaan retribusi di pelabuhan Bastiong perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Menurut Hukum Ekonmi Syariah secara praktek yang ada di Pelabuhan Bastiong belum menggunakan prinsip-prinsip Syariah karena masi banyak yang secara sistem penerimaan belum mempertimbangkan kemaslahan umat yang sesuai dengan ajaran Agama Islam.

Published on the occasion of the celebrations for the 500th anniversary of Ferdinando Magellano's first circumnavigation of Earth. The book is part of the official program of celebrations for the 500th anniversary of the first trip around the world.

The volume is published by some Spanish government institutions: Embassy of Spain in Indonesia, Cervantes Institute for the Spanish language, Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores - Unión Europea y Cooperación de España. Publicación included in the Programa Oficial de Actividades del V Centenario primera vuelta al mundo.

I wrote the fourth chapter of this book.

ISBN 9788412221220

This paper identifies a high degree of multilingualism in at least one North Halmahera community (Wasile), based on a household survey. Following this, a number of topis concerning North Moluccan Malay are covered, ranging from phonology and affixation to pronouns and function words. Each of these parts of NMM grammar reflects the influence of indigenous languages, whether directly, in loanwords, or indirectly, by reshaping semantic categories, for example the deictic system. Three texts of a colloquial register of NMM with transliteration and translation are appended.

Fernando Centeno Maldonado, served the Spanish crown for over forty years. In fact, he began his career in 1601 by participating in the failed expedition to conquer Algiers, the following year, still unsuccessful he tried the same adventure again. Then, in 1604, he embarked from Spain (from Seville) together with the company of Juan de Esquivel headed first to Mexico, then to the Philippines and finally to the Moluccas. And it is here that I met him for the first time in my research, when in 1606 he participated in the conquest of Ternate. Maldonado in the following years served the king of Spain in the Moluccas and in the Philippines. In 1616 he too participated in Juan de Silva's expedition to Malacca. After passing to Mexico, Maldonado was appointed Governor and Captain General of the Province of Yucatán twice (1631-1633 and 1635-1636) by the Viceroy of New Spain. Don Fernando Centeno Maldonado died in 1636, at the end of his second term as governor of the Yucatán Province.

Excerpt from the book: Gli spagnoli nelle isole Molucche (1521-1663/1671-1677). La storia della presenza spagnola nelle isole della spezie - Ramerini Marco

https://www.colonialvoyage.com/don-fernando-centeno-maldonado-da-algeri-alle-molucche-allo-yucatan-marco-ramerini/

Fernando Centeno Maldonado, sirvió a la corona española durante más de cuarenta años. De hecho, inició su carrera en 1601 participando en la fallida expedición para conquistar Argel, al año siguiente, aún sin éxito, volvió a intentar la misma aventura. Luego, en 1604, se embarcó desde España (desde Sevilla) junto con la compañía de Juan de Esquivel rumbo primero a México, luego a Filipinas y finalmente a las Molucas. Y es aquí donde lo conocí por primera vez en mis investigaciones, cuando en 1606 participó en la conquista de Ternate. Maldonado en los años siguientes sirvió al rey de España en las Molucas y en Filipinas. En 1616 también participó en la expedición de Juan de Silva a Malaca. Tras su paso a México, Maldonado fue nombrado Gobernador y Capitán General de la Provincia de Yucatán en dos ocasiones (1631-1633 y 1635-1636) por el Virrey de la Nueva España. Don Fernando Centeno Maldonado murió en 1636, al término de su segundo mandato como gobernador de la provincia de Yucatán.

Indonesia has many religious culture that should be preserved one of  which is the imperial mosque. Most of the imperial mosque has its own characteristics in carrying out activities both religious and cultural. Sultanate of Ternate is the largest sultanates in eastern Indonesia which would give other peculiarities that need to be raised as a typical Indonesian culture. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of tradition in doing at the mosque sultanate by people of Ternate and changes in cultural values of the people of Ternate in the imperial mosque. In this study found the phenomenon characteristic changes in cultural values by linking changes in the physical aspect and non-physical. To determine the effect of these factors, the method used is the method of observation of physical traces. This method is expected to be able to explain the effect of the change occurred. Based on the results of the study indicate compliance is still customary rules of religious traditions...

This article examines today’s perception among Indonesians of the Portuguese presence in Eastern Indonesia during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite evidence of the often violent pursuit of supremacy and material benefit by European navigators, the local population has different understandings of the past. An assessment of these from an anthropological perspective is guided by twin concepts such as emics and etics, and memory and history. Our case study combines documentary research and fieldwork, focusing on a colonial fort in Amurang, on the island of Sulawesi. The present-day accounts of the local population and of some official organizations attribute a Portuguese origin to this fort, and narratives about the Portuguese abound in folk memory, often contradicting the findings of scientific research. Significant is the positive image of the Portuguese prevalent among the population. The article includes historical data on the Portuguese and Spanish presence in Indonesia and ethnographic data of Amurang, as well as architectural and archaeological details of the fort.

Estudio bibliográfico y comentario de la producción surgida en la última década en torno al chabacano de la región de Cavite, variantes caviteñas y ternateña del criollo filipino de base hispánica. Primera entrega de la actualidad hispánica en el estudio de las lenguas filipinas que continua con las variantes meridionales.

This research has two objectives; Namely, first, it aims to examine more deeply the model of political ethics
and actor bureaucracy and second to examine the application of ethical models of political actors and the Ternate
bureaucracy. The research method used is qualitative. The data analysis technique uses content analysis by examining
the data collected from semi-structured interviews and relevant documents and articles. The research results reveal that
the Ternate City Government always appreciates the moral values that live in the Ternate community. Make it a
guideline in issuing policies. As the center of government of Ternate City, Ternate is an inseparable part of the history of
the Sultanate of Ternate, which still upholds cultural values in carrying out every social, religious, and political activity.
This is symbolized by the noble values of the Ternate people, namely Kie se Gam nagogugumatitirara (six basic
traditions that are firmly held) and Jou se NgofaNgare (what is in you is with me and what is in me is also in you). In
various policies, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, the City Government has put forward ethical values rooted in
the Jou Se NgofaNgare philosophy, namely understanding what is in me and vice versa, what is inside of me. Also
yours. The overall ethical values it contains are limited to the relationship between God and humans and manifest in
political life and state administration. Furthermore, it was revealed that the Ternate City Government views that the
relationship with the community is a complementary and necessary unit. Therefore, in its policy, the City Government of
Ternate is very egalitarian and accommodating to people of different ethnicities and religions. This research shows that
the Ternate City Government is required to obey the constitutional rules and accommodate and respect the cultural
values that live in the community. The expected implication is that the constitutional constitution and cultural values in
Ternate City, which contain ethical values, are applied by every political actor and a government bureaucracy to be fully
aware of their people's duties and responsibilities.

Le tre comete del 1618: una testimonianza dalle isole delle spezie, le Molucche.

Excerpt from the book: Gli spagnoli nelle isole Molucche (1521-1663/1671-1677). La storia della presenza spagnola nelle isole della spezie - Ramerini Marco

https://www.colonialvoyage.com/le-tre-comete-del-1618-una-testimonianza-dalle-isole-delle-spezie-le-molucche/

The three comets of 1618: a testimony from the spice islands, the Moluccas.

Los tres cometas de 1618: un testimonio de las islas de las especias, las Molucas.

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A draft paper I intend to use for an article and as a basis for further research. This study is based on Dutch archives and concerns sultan-resident Iskandar Mohamed Djabir Sjah of Ternate, who in his peculiar dual capacity figured as a hinge point between the State of East Indonesia (NIT) and the population of the North Moluccas. By looking at the way Djabir Sjah handled the Indonesian authorities in Makassar and the Dutch colonial powers, manoeuvring between 'traditionalism' and 'modernity', I reflect on the nature of the Indonesian revolution and the state building efforts, namely the support for the NIT among East Indonesians, between 1946-1950.

I have come across some sources I would like to see to be used by others too, such as the letters of German-born Herta Nuhaan-Ullman, who married a Dutch colonial official and travelled to Ternate in the 1930s.

In the course of the 17th century the trade entrepôt of Makassar, and the
state of Gowa-Tallo of which it was the capital, repeatedly clashed with
the VOC over access to the Moluccan spices. This chapter investigates
the early evolution of this conflict, highlighting the consequential role
that the VOC’s alliance with Ternate had for this relationship. Makassar
has often been presented as merely an open trading port, or bandar,
juxtaposed against the VOC’s aggressive attempts to control the spice
trade. This chapter tries to nuance this view by highlighting the active
political and military role Gowa-Tallo played in the Moluccas.
After introducing the rise of both Ternate and Gowa-Tallo in the 16th
century, the chapter follows the involvement of the various European
colonial powers in the Moluccas just as Gowa-Tallo and Ternate were
increasingly becoming rivals around the turn of the 17th century. It then
argues that the VOC’s alliance with Ternate against Spain and its allies was
an important negative factor in its relationship with Gowa-Tallo, up to the
years 1615 and 1616, when open hostilities between the two fijirst broke out.