Transfer of Knowledge

Poválečné Československo bylo aktivním hráčem v zemích tzv. třetího světa.
V prostoru Afriky mohlo navazovat na diplomatické mise a zastoupení, které
zde existovaly již za první republiky, a využívat v minulosti fungující kontakty.
Bonusem jistě byla i skutečnost, že československý průmysl měl ve světě velmi
dobré jméno. Dekolonizace Afriky v 50. a 60. letech a hospodářská i politická
situace nově vzniklých států otevřely dveře zahraničním aktérům – mezi jinými
i Československu. Jedním z významných ohnisek zájmu Prahy na africkém
kontinentu se počátkem 60. let stala Ghana. Tato studie zprostředkuje vhled
do československo-ghanských vztahů od vzniku samostatné Ghany do 90. let,
s těžištěm v éře vlády prezidenta Kwame Nkrumaha v letech 1960–1966, která
byla na vzájemné kontakty nejbohatší. Zvláštní zřetel je brán na vysílání a působení
československých expertů z různých oborů. V další části se zaměřuje
na aktivity československých odborníků z národního podniku Hydroprojekt
podílejících se v rámci rozvojové spolupráce na budování ghanského
vodohospodářství.

In the current context of globalization, a pressing problem facing the academic translator (and, the translation studies scholar) is how to deal with texts produced in one paradigm of knowledge that have to be translated into another for the purpose of international dissemination. This is particularly pertinent in the case of humanities and social science scholarship, where knowledge is often construed in a discourse that has little in common with the academic discourse that prevails in the lingua franca. According to Halliday and Martin, there is in English “an essential continuity between humanities and science as far as interpreting the world is concerned” (1993:220), reflecting the dominance of empiricism in the Anglo-Saxon world. Hence, we might expect the process of translating into it from the non-empiricist philosophical discourses that predominate in many European languages to be a highly fraught process, leading in the worst instances to fully-fledged cases of “epistemicide” (Bennett 2007).
This paper urges the need for a critical approach to the study of academic translation in order to problematize the very vehicle through which knowledge is construed and transmitted. Most of the methods currently favoured in Translation Studies are themselves grounded in the empiricist paradigm and thus shed little light upon the issue, possibly even contributing to the process of epistemological colonization. The paper therefore describes a method of textual analysis called rhetorical criticism, which has long been used in the USA to explore the unacknowledged or unconscious assumptions underpinning texts of all kinds, offering suggestions for how it could be adapted to enable its application to the study of academic or philosophical texts in translation.

The main objective of this study is to offer the first critical edition, accompanied by an English translation and introductory study, of a tripartite Latin text addressing world astrology preserved in a single manuscript: MS Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1407, fols. 55r–62r (14th/15th century). This study also includes the Middle English translation of discontinuous sections of this tripartite Latin text as transmitted in MS London, Royal College of Physicians, 384, fols. 83v–85r. It is argued that the first part of this tripartite text incorporates a hitherto unknown Latin translation by Henry Bate of the lost third version of Abraham Ibn Ezra’s 'Sefer ha-ʿOlam'. The other two parts include two Latin translations, also carried out by Henry Bate, of treatises ascribed to Ya‘qūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī, the 'philosopher of the Arabs'.

The aim of this article is to analyze the reception of German philosophy at Istanbul University in the context of the academic relations between Germany and Turkey. These complex relations should not just be restricted to the presence of exiled German scholars in 1930s Istanbul. They must be reassessed in light of a broader political transfer of knowledge. The 1920s German philosophy paradigms that stood against the neo-Kantian tradition were used in Turkey in order to lay the foundations of a national and secularized academic philosophy. With the nomination of several associate professors trained in Germany in the 1930s, Nicolai Hartmann’s “new ontology” as well as philosophical anthropology became the most discussed philosophical paradigms at Istanbul University. They were perceived as a substitute for certain conceptions of philosophy which were deemed traditional, as well as an alternative to the paradigms endorsed in 1930s Istanbul by exiled philosophers, such as logical empiricism. This influence of Hartmann’s ontology and anthropologic theories continued to grow after the Second World War until the 1960s, with the arrival of German professors who contributed to the training of the next generation of Turkish associate professors. What role did that largely institutionalized reception of German philosophy play in the linguistic and theoretical reorganization of Turkish academic philosophy? How were those different paradigms used in the discourse on modernity and how did they come to replace the devaluated traditional conceptions of philosophy?

Most future industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology practitioners and researchers initially enroll in an introductory I-O psychology course during their junior or senior year of undergraduate studies, making introductory textbooks their first in-depth exposure to the field and an important knowledge base. We reviewed and analyzed the 6,654 unique items (e.g., journal articles, book chapters) published in 1,682 unique sources (e.g., scholarly journals, edited books, popular press publications) and authored by 8,603 unique individuals cited in six popular I-O psychology textbooks. Results showed that 39% of the top-cited sources are not traditional academic peer-reviewed journals, 77% of the top-cited articles were published in cross-disciplinary journals, and 58% of the top-cited authors are affiliated with business schools and not psychology departments. These results suggest that the science–practice divide in I-O psychology may develop later—perhaps after graduates obtain e...

The present paper offers an analysis of the role and relevance of French linguistic models in the history of Russian argot research of the 19th century. These models were occasionally provided by fiction texts, in this case primarily by Victor Hugo's novels, "Les Misérables" (The Miserables) in particular. This paper is focused on the reconstruction of the philological reception of V. Hugo's "Les Misérables" in the novel of Vs. Krestovskij "Peterburgskie truščoby" (The St. Petersburg Slums) and the unique importance of both texts for the genesis and development of argot research in Russia. The paper presents the key role of Krestovskij's novel in the rooting of French linguistic models in Russian argot research of the 19th century. Zur Rolle der romanischen Sprachen in der slavistischen Sprachgeschichtsschreibung merkt Helmut Keipert an, dass die Frage, "in welchem Umfang romanistische Sach-verhalte und Konzeptionen in der slavischen Philologie […] zur Beschreibung von Entwicklungsphänomenen slavischer Sprachen genutzt worden sind" (Keipert 2003, 470), bisher außerhalb des wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Interesses gestanden habe; speziell in der russischen Sprachgeschichte sei "das Muster des Französischen" von großer Bedeutung: Für die Geschichte der russischen Standardsprache ist das Französische über seine-bisher wenig untersuchte-Rolle als lange Zeit wichtigste Kontaktsprache hinaus we-gen seiner Behandlung in der französischen Sprachgemeinschaft von Russen seit dem 18. Jh. wiederholt als Muster für die Sprachplanung in Russland verwendet worden, aber auch die Beschreibung des Französischen hat mehrfach als Vorbild für diejenige des Russischen gedient (ebd., 474). In meiner Studie werden Rolle und Bedeutung des französischen Vorbilds in einem Teil-bereich der Geschichte der russischen Sprachwissenschaft, in der Argot-Forschung, unter-sucht. Die diachrone Erforschung der russischen Sondersprachen sowie ihre Untersuchung im europäischen Kontext fanden bisher nur ansatzweise statt. Als "Sprache der revolutio-nären Epoche" wurde das Russische nach der Oktoberrevolution 1917 zwar mit dem Fran-zösischen nach 1789 verglichen (Seliščev 1928, 12f.). Im Bereich des Substandards bezog sich dieser Vergleich aber lediglich auf die Erwähnung der revolutionären Tendenz im Gebrauch von Vulgarismen, Argot, Expressiva und Invektiva (ebd., 68f.). Obwohl das französische Vorbild in der späteren sowjetischen Sondersprachen-Forschung nicht spe-ziell untersucht wurde, deuten primäre Beobachtungen darauf hin, dass die Arbeiten wie 1 Die Publikationen der Autorin vor 2012 sind unter den Namen Zhdanova bzw. Ždanova erschienen. Angemeldet | vladislava.warditz@uni-potsdam.de Autorenexemplar

The most common role of animals in the Cheŵa culture of south-central Africa is twofold: they are regarded
as an important source of food, and they also provide raw materials for the creation of traditional medicines.
Animals, however, also have a nuanced symbolic role that impacts the way people behave with each other by
embodying cultural protocols of proper — and not so proper — behaviour. They appear repeatedly in storytelling
and proverbs to reference qualities that people need to avoid or pursue and learn from the moral of the story in
which animals interplay with each other, just as humans do. For example, someone who wants to prevent the
consequences of greed is often advised to heed hyena stories and proverbs. My contribution elaborates on Brian
Morris’s instrumental work in south-central Africa, which has permitted us to elucidate the symbolism of certain
animals and the perception of landscape for Indigenous populations in this region. I discuss some of the ways in
which animals have been employed to teach and learn proper behaviour in a particular sacred ceremony of the
Cheŵa people which takes place in celebration of womanhood: Chinamwali.

Despite elementary Catholic schools engaging in school marketing for some years, the level of knowledge of the school leaders and the challenges related to school marketing and the implementation of a marketing framework is not known. The researcher focused this qualitative case study on identifying the key relationship marketing performance indicators and the diffusion of school marketing that contribute to a sustainable organization after the implementation of marketing and culture change. The research questions explored the main knowledge, skills, and abilities related to marketing and leadership that can be used to aid the elementary Catholic school leaders to assist in the diffusion of marketing. Conceptually, this study was framed within theories of relationship marketing, transformational leadership, and diffusion of innovation. The researcher collected data through in-depth interviews, which provided detailed descriptions of the participants’ experiences and created the basis for analysis. Ten participants from a diocese in Pennsylvania were selected for participation, and a series of video and transcribed interviews were conducted. The analysis included multiple passes of process coding and researcher description of notable comments. The results of this study provide insight for school leaders at all levels regarding the importance that principals’ knowledge of school marketing is to the successful diffusion of the innovation. This study contributes to identifying the next steps and the development of a framework for school marketing implementation in Catholic elementary schools. It is important to study the level of knowledge of school leaders and identify the challenges related to Catholic elementary school marketing in order to ensure effective implementation of marketing concepts.
Keywords: marketing, diffusion, school, knowledge, indicators, principals

Forced migration as a reaction to National Socialism represents individual as well as simultaneously collective, transnational, and global experiences. Not only identity-forming categories but also forms of knowledge are profoundly reshaped by processes of displacement and resettlement. The talk argues that the biography of the archaeologist Grete Mostny (1914–1991) offers an exemplary case study of such processes of adaptation on individual, collective, and academic levels.
Due to her escape from Austria to Chile as a persecuted Jew in 1938/39, Mostny’s identity as a white European female scholar attained a whole new significance and became – based on her talent and ambitions – the door opener for her interdisciplinary career at the interface of archaeology and anthropology in her new homeland. When Mostny arrived in Chile, a new European and US hegemony had already begun to dominate academia in the country, which was trying to modernize itself and move from the academic periphery closer to the centre. Mostny, the once ‘racially’ discriminated scholar, fit well in this process by making use of her ‘European’ knowledge and her networks. My paper uses Mostny’s career as a lens through which to detect connected histories and entangled hegemonies in Chilean society, especially in academia. Moreover, it elaborates on the importance of certain sociological factors to be able to establish oneself (again) as a scholar in exile. Thereby I will show that the categories of race and ethnicity played a central role in the field of knowledge production and for career developments 12.000 kilometers far away from home.
Formato híbrido

a) 
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/6708521774?pwd=Ni9iNkNXNTl0QndtcmtrbXhNQXVNdz09

b) Presencial: Aula de seminarios (1er piso) IMF-CSIC,
c/ Egipcíaques, 15, 08001 Barcelona

aforo limitado: preinscripción obligatoria (escribir a oliver.hochadel@csic.es antes del 24 de febrero),
uso de mascarilla obligatorio, mantener distancia social

Coordina Oliver Hochadel (IMF-CSIC)
Actividad organizada por el Grupo de Historia de la Ciencia,
Institució Milà i Fontanals (CSIC, Barcelona)

Despite elementary Catholic schools engaging in school marketing for some years, the level of knowledge of the school leaders and the challenges related to school marketing and the implementation of a marketing framework is not known. The researcher focused this qualitative case study on identifying the key relationship marketing performance indicators and the diffusion of school marketing that contribute to a sustainable organization after the implementation of marketing and culture change. The research questions explored the main knowledge, skills, and abilities related to marketing and leadership that can be used to aid the elementary Catholic school leaders to assist in the diffusion of marketing. Conceptually, this study was framed within theories of relationship marketing, transformational leadership, and diffusion of innovation. The researcher collected data through in-depth interviews, which provided detailed descriptions of the participants’ experiences and created the basi...

The German Slavist Max Vasmer (1886–1962) is best known for his Russisches Etymologishes Wörterbuch (Russian Etymological Dictionary, 1950–1958), which is still highly regarded among linguists of Slavic languages. There was even a posthumous Russian, extended edition (1964–1973), a rare Soviet tribute to a Western scholar at the height of the Cold War. These, however, were only two of Vasmer’s many achievements in the field of Slavic studies. Born in Saint Petersburg and trained in the Russian academic tradition, he emigrated in 1921 to Germany, where he helped to emancipate Slavic studies from its subordination to Indo-Germanic philology, enabling it to develop into a philology in its own right. Notwithstanding his critical attitude toward both Nazis and Soviets, not to mention the support he provided their victims, he managed to steer clear of open confrontations and, as a scholar, emerged unscathed from World War Two. In postwar West Germany, he helped to reestablish Slavic studies in Germany, this time in an area studies framework, reflecting the geopolitical interests of the Cold War era.

Vasmer’s career spanned sixty years and several major systemic crises that directly affected where he lived and worked: World War One, the Russian Revolution, and World War Two saw him migrate, forcing him to adapt to changing political and academic settings. At the same time, however, he actively participated in these changes and in doing so affected his new surroundings. Vasmer’s diverse scholarly activities, his international mobility, and his extensive social network not only testify to the value of thinking about migrant knowledge but also lend credibility to a broader, bolder claim, namely that Slavic Studies in general and in German-speaking countries in particular can and should be studied from the perspective of migrant knowledge.

In Spain, the organisation of doctoral studies has been substantially modified to come into line with the changes introduced by the agenda of the Bologna process. These changes have been specified in a number of statements by European Ministers of Education, and have required alterations to Spanish doctoral regulations. The aim of these changes has been to focus doctoral training more on the development of competency as better preparation for research tasks, linking the doctoral candidate with the job market outside university and allowing for the transfer of knowledge within the European context. To this end, Doctoral schools have been set up as a space in which to manage doctoral training, introducing specialisation in research through the design of new doctoral programmes, and means to provide doctoral candidates with mobility for their international training.

1765 and 1767 saw the publication of the German, respectively the English translations of Lomonosov’s Kratkij rossijskij letopisec s rodosloviem (1760). For the very first time the European reading public could find out how Russians saw their own history. These translations testified to Russia’s ascent both as an empire and as a part of European learned society, and were made by youths who wanted to further their own career and were neither professional translators nor historians. In this article, we argue that the translations of Lomonosov’s Kratkij rossijskij letopisec s rodosloviem should not be studied as an isolated act of cultural transfer, but as an episode in a longer history of circulation of knowledge. We demonstrate the complexity of this circulation by reassessing the ‘quality’ of these translations and positioning them in that longer history of circulation of knowledge by analyzing the distribution of historical concepts (Begriffe) in Lomonosov’s original and its transl...

... to translate this treatise, della Valle did not actually send it to Lari, though there is no way to verify whether or not Lari received it. In any case, this letter is probably the oldest document attesting to an attempt to introduce modern astronomy into Iran. The learned Raphael du Mans ...

Within the paradigm of History of Knowledge, much attention has been given to the transfer of knowledge, notably through translation. However, transfer, like translation, implies directionality, suggesting an imbalance of power between sending and receiving cultures. Therefore, it is safer to see translation as a position on a gliding scale of modes within the broader and multidirectional concept of circulation of knowledge.
On the basis of this research concept, the present study examines circulation and distribution of grammatical knowledge (among others, via translation) in the Balkans in the age of Enlightenment, with a special focus on patterns of German origin therein.