JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2003 17 Limitations with current approaches to the investigation of the transfer of learning in design experiments constrain the type of information that is available to researchers as they make design decisions. This... more
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2003 17 Limitations with current approaches to the investigation of the transfer of learning in design experiments constrain the type of information that is available to researchers as they make design decisions. This article addresses these limitations by presenting a reconceptualization of transfer, called actor-oriented transfer, which emerged from design experiment work. The merits of this alternative model are considered in terms of the information it provides to design experimenters.
In today's workplaces, if the workers need to accomplish their career tasks, they required to continually promote their knowledge and skills. Hence, the leaders of organisations always search for applying the most effective educational... more
In today's workplaces, if the workers need to accomplish their career tasks, they required to continually promote their knowledge and skills. Hence, the leaders of organisations always search for applying the most effective educational strategies in order to guarantee maximum performance and profitability. In general, the ultimate goal of training for the learners is to transfer what they have learned during a training period to the actual world. The present study has dealt with studying the transfer of knowledge gained by training courses to the workplace. The study is a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods application wise and methodologically. This plan was made using two survey and interview methods. The statistical society contains all employees and heads participating in the training courses of municipality of district Two of Tehran between years 2008 and 2011 and the statistical sample included 282 persons selected by the simple random sampling method. The tools for gathering data of questionnaire and interview have been semi-structured one for employees and the semi-structured questionnaire and interview for the heads. The data gathered was analysed by taking advantage of single-group t statistical methods and independent groups for quantitative part and the Categorisation method was analysed based on the frequency for the qualitative sector. The results showed that the status of transfer of training for employees of Tehran municipality is at an average to high level. Also, the findings of the research indicate that both personal and organisational elements have a crucial role to play in transferring training and the most important obstacles identified for this issue was high amount of work and inappropriate amount of education for some of the courses.
This article briefly discusses the correlation between critical thinking and the transfer of knowledge and skills, and the two different aspects of their combination, in making up the coherent learning process. The two aspects are:... more
This article briefly discusses the correlation between critical thinking and the transfer of knowledge and skills, and the two different aspects of their combination, in making up the coherent learning process. The two aspects are: a) Critical thinking as a skill to be transferred in different learning experiences; b) The role of “Critical Thinking” as a vehicle in maximizing transfer and ensuring a positive transfer of knowledge and skills In the second part of the article, two strategies, which demonstrate how critical thinking can enhance the transfer of knowledge and skills in the learning process of Chinese language, are addressed.
Din cuprins: Idealul eugenic • Internationalizarea eugenismului • Razboiul: singurul igienist al lumii • Cruciada eugenismului: cantitate sau calitate? • Biologia politica • Tehnologiile eugenice ale perfectionarii nationale • Stigmatul... more
Din cuprins: Idealul eugenic • Internationalizarea eugenismului • Razboiul: singurul igienist al lumii • Cruciada eugenismului: cantitate sau calitate? • Biologia politica • Tehnologiile eugenice ale perfectionarii nationale • Stigmatul eugenic • Fundatii ceresti, planificare rationala • Biopolitica si rasism • Controlarea minoritatilor etnice • Statul biopolitic
Effective application of skills & knowledge gained from a training program to a job situation, i.e. transfer of training, has become a great concern in training issues. Transfer of learned skills at the actual workplace is subject to a... more
Effective application of skills & knowledge gained from a training program to a job situation, i.e. transfer of training, has become a great concern in training issues. Transfer of learned skills at the actual workplace is subject to a number of factors, with work environment being one of those factors. Research has shown a relatively profound role of the work environment in delineating the construct of transfer. However, some of the most important characteristics of the work environment have arguably remained under-researched and are still going empirical testing. So, in earnest, this paper is an attempt to make a holistic review of the literature and methodology by going through sum-mative, formative and meta studies published from 1988–2014 on transfer. This paper proposes a conceptual framework by recognizing the influential role of two forms of work environments (i.e., support and climate) on transfer of training, taking into account the mediating role played by transfer motivation with recommended methodological standards.
If one makes an ontological distinction between patterns and textiles, an argument can be developed to assess the potential role that textiles played in the transmission of mathematical knowledge, concerning the spatial dimension. As a... more
If one makes an ontological distinction between patterns and textiles, an argument can be developed to assess the potential role that textiles played in the transmission of mathematical knowledge, concerning the spatial dimension. As a starting point, we consider tangential pearl roundels that establish a framework for a variety of motifs drawn from the repertory of Sasanian royal iconography. These early Islamic textiles are explored within the context of contemporary advances in the history of mathematics from the 8th – 10th centuries, which may have influenced, or been influenced by, technical developments in the production of pattern-woven textiles. In particular, patterns in woven textiles ascribed to the Sasanian Empire and its aftermath in Iran and Central Asia, bear significant relationships to mathematical ideas then in current circulation. Units and repeats, the development of an understanding of algorithms, and the evolution of iterations of formulas and their applications, eventually led to the spread of Islamic mathematical ideas to Europe. The geographic spread of these and related textiles with tangential pearl roundels extends from Iran and neighboring lands westward to European church treasuries, and eastward along the northern and southern Silk Routes, as far as Japan.
The potential role of textiles in the transfer of mathematical knowledge from the Indian subcontinent to the central Islamic lands and westward to an emerging modern Europe is addressed through an inquiry into technologies of textile... more
The potential role of textiles in the transfer of mathematical knowledge from the Indian subcontinent to the central Islamic lands and westward to an emerging modern Europe is addressed through an inquiry into technologies of textile manufacture and pattern-making. Ikat textiles of the ninth and tenth centuries, found in Egypt but presumed to be from Yemen, serve as a means to explore possibilities of numeration and treatment of the spatial dimension. An initial attempt is made to separate patterning from the technology of textile production in an effort to treat the mathematical possibilities that patterning offers for the application of mathematical knowledge. This article proposes an ontology of pattern, distinct from the category of a textile itself, which raises significant questions pertaining to the transmission of mathematical knowledge in relation to expanded trade routes in the eighth through tenth centuries, coincident with Islamic developments in the understanding of two-dimensional space.
This paper aims at contrasting the impact of the internal and external network on the reverse knowledge transfer process in foreign subsidiaries in Brazil and Brazilian subsidiaries abroad. With regard to foreign subsidiaries, one hundred... more
This paper aims at contrasting the impact of the internal and external network on the reverse knowledge transfer process in foreign subsidiaries in Brazil and Brazilian subsidiaries abroad. With regard to foreign subsidiaries, one hundred seventy-two companies were obtained, and as to the database pertinent to subsidiaries of Brazilian firms, the sample acquired consisted of seventy-eight Brazilian subsidiaries abroad. The results show the impact of the network for both types of multinationals, however, the same does not occur with integration.
The case of German-Jewish orientalist Martin Meir Plessner (1900–1973) presents an opportunity to explore the transplant of Oriental Studies from Germany to Palestine/Israel in the wake of post-Saidian historiography of German... more
The case of German-Jewish orientalist Martin Meir Plessner (1900–1973) presents an opportunity to explore the transplant of Oriental Studies from Germany to Palestine/Israel in the wake of post-Saidian historiography of German Orientalism. Studying and teaching in Germany, the young Plessner's encounter with the Orient, Arabs and Arabic was mainly a textual one. Following the Nazi rise to power in 1933, he immigrated to Palestine, transforming detached oriental scholarship into a physical encounter at the heart of the emerging Arab-Jewish conflict, on which Plessner held firm dovish-leftist views. This article examines how this spatial shift influenced Plessner's personal political views; his scholarly and professional work; and above all, the link between the two. Science and politics, this article claims, continued to exist as two unchanging separate spheres for Plessner. Nevertheless, life in the Orient rendered collisions between the two worlds unavoidable, with ramifications on Plessner's career and personal life. His refusal to let political considerations penetrate the professional sphere may be seen as an expression of his unwavering devotion to the German 'wissenschaftliche' ethos.
In order to improve the effectiveness of the training provided by the agency in charge of training of public servants in the region of Andalusia (Spain), trainers were surveyed about what is the utilization of design-related transfer... more
In order to improve the effectiveness of the training provided by the agency in charge of training of public servants in the region of Andalusia (Spain), trainers were surveyed about what is the utilization of design-related transfer factors they do when they design training courses. Thus, the extent to which training is designed to be transferred can be analyzed. The results suggested that trainers focused their interventions more on the trainees’ satisfaction with the level and usefulness of the learning acquired than on the learning transfer to workplace. In addition, this study allowed us to gain better understanding of the perspective of trainers on how training design elements are associated. Four transfer-focused training approaches were detected, whose concomitant use varies depending on training objectives. It is concluded that the study of the transferability of training is useful to detect weaknesses and strengths in training and proposals for improvements and lines of inquiry are suggested.
Although the use of skill-based pay has increased in popularity, empirical investigations of the effectiveness of this compensation strategy have been scarce. The fundamental premise of skill-based pay is that contingent monetary reward... more
Although the use of skill-based pay has increased in popularity, empirical investigations of the effectiveness of this compensation strategy have been scarce. The fundamental premise of skill-based pay is that contingent monetary reward will promote individual learning. The authors empirically examine this essential principle with data spanning 5 years, using latent growth analysis. Results demonstrate that skill-based pay is related to individual skill change and maintenance. Whether or not individuals earn skill-based pay on their initial attempt is associated with subsequent rates of learning. In addition, the frequency with which skill-based pay is received and the total amount earned are both associated with skill development and maintenance.
This chapter aims to propose a systemic approach to the analysis of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education. The theoretical root of this work is grounded in training effectiveness research and, especially, on a systems... more
This chapter aims to propose a systemic approach to the analysis of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education. The theoretical root of this work is grounded in training effectiveness research and, especially, on a systems perspective that Baldwin and Ford (1988) have contributed to building in order to understand the impact of training and development activities (Bell, Tannenbaum, Ford, Noe, and Kraiger, 2017). The systems perspective has driven the last 30 years of research on training effectiveness, and empirical support has been produced regarding its basic assumptions (Baldwin, Ford, and Blume, 2009; 2017).
This article examines digital humanities (DH) centers as focal points of the interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge. It is based on the assumption that the manner in which the knowledge-transfer activities of DH communities are... more
This article examines digital humanities (DH) centers as focal points of the interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge. It is based on the assumption that the manner in which the knowledge-transfer activities of DH communities are facilitated affects the knowledge they produce. Following an analysis of eight semi-structured interviews of directors, researchers, and administrators, the article considers how DH professionals describe the facilitation of the interdisciplinary transfer of knowledge in DH centers. It demonstrates that the transfer of knowledge in DH centers is based on overlapping layers of organic networks and stable organizational structures that support various kinds of knowledge-sharing practices. The transfer of knowledge in DH centers combines the exchange of ideas in the same physical space with online communication at various levels, ranging from outside academia to the internal communication of a research group. Further, the factors that enable information flow also have the capability to restrict potentially meaningful information from entering into the field. As a result, this article suggests that it is important to continue the discussion on the boundaries for the transfer of knowledge in DH.
The pursuit of a competitive “knowledge-based society” in Slovenia has shaped a new mission of academic institutions in their transfer of knowledge to practice. These institutions are expected to link basic and applied research to the... more
The pursuit of a competitive “knowledge-based society” in Slovenia has shaped a new mission of academic institutions in their transfer of knowledge to practice. These institutions are expected to link basic and applied research to the rapid transfer of their academic results to knowledge users and consumers in order to contribute to economic development. Such reasoning is also implicitly involved in the imagining of knowledge transfer to agricultural practice. The Slovenian strategy of agricultural development highlights knowledge and its transmission to practice as a key driver of increased labour productivity and competitiveness of farm holdings. However, the academic institutions of a relatively well-established network of formal and informal agricultural education have substantially reduced their transfer of knowledge to practice. What determines such a curtailed transmission of knowledge was the basic research question of the targeted research project entitled Challenges and Needs of Agricultural Knowledge Transfer in Slovenia. This article is limited to the understandings of the functioning of knowledge transfer among the knowledge providers from the faculties and secondary schools. The results show that irrespective of the primary mission of educational institutions, i.e. the transfer of knowledge into practice, the institutions reveal two cases at either end of the spectrum: a self-contained faculty educational system and the open consortium of agricultural secondary schools. While the faculties have adopted the working strategy ‘The more efficient you are as a researcher, the less concerned you are with the transfer of knowledge to practice,’ the secondary schools for agriculture have cooperated on joint projects that have accelerated and improved knowledge transfer to the “real environment”.
Since 2001 an educational programme in public management has been organised for the Belgian federal public sector. Its main aim is to create a pool of experts and managers capable of supporting the modernisation of the public sector. The... more
Since 2001 an educational programme in public management has been organised for the Belgian federal public sector. Its main aim is to create a pool of experts and managers capable of supporting the modernisation of the public sector. The graduated civil servants have been asked to fill in a survey to find out whether they apply their acquired knowledge and skills. One of the major purposes of this survey is to define where knowledge transfer problems occur in the individual, the educational program and the organisation itself. The first statistical analyses seem to reveal that the successful use of public management expertise depends on the individual and that active support from the organisation is non existing. Interesting is that transfer from those programs mainly has two different forms: the use of insight in daily work and a reflection framework for the public sector’s future.
La transferencia de conocimiento tácito puede utilizarse como una estrategia de apoyo organizacional en la generación y mantenimiento de la ventaja competitiva sostenible. Sin embargo, no se conocen a cabalidad los factores, estrategias y... more
La transferencia de conocimiento tácito puede utilizarse como una estrategia de apoyo organizacional en la generación y mantenimiento de la ventaja competitiva sostenible. Sin embargo, no se conocen a cabalidad los factores, estrategias y atributos que garanticen que este proceso ocurra de forma exitosa y eficiente dentro de las empresas. Utilizando un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron las variables relacionadas, que de manera previa han sido estudiadas por la literatura, tanto conceptual como empíricamente. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las investigaciones y propuestas se han desarrollado de forma común en tres factores de estudio: aspectos individuales, aspectos organizacionales y enfoque mixto; otras variables influyentes se han estudiado de manera independiente. Los autores concluyen que la transferencia de conocimiento tácito se ha venido examinando desde una óptica parcial.
Although any mainstream thought is subject to theoretical challenges, the challenges to the mainstream cognitive perspective on transfer have had an unfortunate divisive effect. This article takes a pragmatic view that transfer... more
Although any mainstream thought is subject to theoretical challenges, the challenges to the mainstream cognitive perspective on transfer have had an unfortunate divisive effect. This article takes a pragmatic view that transfer perspectives are simply designed objects (Plomp & Nieveen, 2007), which provide different information for different purposes. Specifically, this paper compares one alternative approach—the actor-oriented transfer perspective—with the mainstream cognitive perspective on transfer, by examining the points of compatibility and tension across 5 dimensions. As a result, a space is opened up to explore 3 issues that are particularly well suited to an actor-oriented transfer approach: (a) how students interpret transfer situations, (b) the socially situated nature of transfer processes in classrooms, and (c) how contextual-sensitivity can play a productive role in the transfer of learning. Exploring the benefits and trade-offs of various approaches allows for greater understanding of the contributions of each perspective to educational research and practice.
This article explores how students know when to activate knowledge acquired in FYC courses. Addressing knowledge activation as motivated by pursuing activity-specific objectives, the author calls for situating students encounter with and... more
This article explores how students know when to activate knowledge acquired in FYC courses. Addressing knowledge activation as motivated by pursuing activity-specific objectives, the author calls for situating students encounter with and acquisition of rhetorical knowledge and practices of writing as knowledge of how to perform activities other than writing.
The focus of this paper is the measurement of transfer, which is the application of newly achieved knowledge in the workplace. The paper examines whether the Learning Transfer System Inventory, a survey instrument that measures all the... more
The focus of this paper is the measurement of transfer, which is the application of newly achieved knowledge in the workplace. The paper examines whether the Learning Transfer System Inventory, a survey instrument that measures all the transfer inhibiting and transfer stimulating factors within the individual, the training programme and the transfer climate, can be used within the Belgian public sector. After describing the characteristics and the origin of the LTSI, conducted in Belgium, results from a qualitative LTSI-test are presented and discussed. Those results reveal that not all factors are present in the Belgian administration, and that optimal transfer from a programme in public management is inhibited by factors within the individual, the transfer climate and the educational programme. The main problems seem to be that the climate is passive or neutral towards transfer, that respondents are insufficiently prepared to enrol and that the training shows a gap between theory and practice.
Resumo. A revisão de literatura utilizada aponta que o desenvolvimento de competências dos servidores provenientes de ações de treinamento possui relação direta com a melhoria do serviço público para a população. O artigo teve como... more
Resumo. A revisão de literatura utilizada aponta que o desenvolvimento de competências dos servidores provenientes de ações de treinamento possui relação direta com a melhoria do serviço público para a população. O artigo teve como objetivo descrever, sob a perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa, as variáveis inibidoras da transferência de treinamento no contexto específico do setor público do Distrito Federal do Brasil. A pesquisa obteve uma amostra de 1427 servidores públicos que passaram por treinamento num intervalo máximo de 12 meses até a coleta de dados. As respostas foram tratadas com o software Iramuteq. Os principais resultados apontam que foram encontradas três classes de conteúdo: (1) Dificuldade de Aplicação Prática (falta de aderência entre o treinamento praticado e a realidade do contexto do trabalho do servidor público); (2) Inconsciência da Dificuldade (falta de tempo para perceber as possíveis dificuldades de transferência de treinamento); e, (3) Resistência Cultural (falta de abertura à mudança), as quais rementem a dimensão de ambiente de trabalho como fator de restrição à transferência. Além disso, constatou-se que o uso de software qualitativo contribuiu para a geração dos resultados, facilitando o processo de análise devido ao tamanho da amostra obtida. Abstract. The literature review used points out that the development of employee skills is directly related to the improvement of public service for the population. The article aimed to understand, from the perspective of the qualitative approach, the variables that inhibit the transfer of training in the specific context of the public sector of the Federal District of Brazil. The survey obtained a sample of 1427 public servants who underwent training in a maximum interval of 12 months until data collection. The answers were treated with the Iramuteq 0.7. The main results indicate that three content classes were found: (1): Practical Application Difficulty (lack of adherence between the training practiced and the reality context of the public employee's work); (2) Unconsciousness of Difficulty (lack of time to understand possible difficulties in transferring training); and, (3) Cultural Resistance (lack of openness to change), which complement the dimension of the work environment as a restriction factor to transfer. In addition, it was found that the use of qualitative software contributed to the generation of results, facilitating the analysis process due to the size of the sample obtained.
Training is usually considered as an importance tool for improvement of employee performance. Every training program is only effective if a transfer of training effect can be guaranteed. The present study explored the effect of... more
Training is usually considered as an importance tool for improvement of employee performance. Every training program is only effective if a transfer of training effect can be guaranteed. The present study explored the effect of environmental factors on transfer of training from training courses to the workplace. The study is a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods application wise and methodologically. This plan was made using two survey and interview methods. The population contained all of the employees participated in the training courses of Shahid Beheshti University during years of 2010 to 2012. The sample included 217 persons selected by simple random sampling technique. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The data gathered was analyzed using t-test and exploratory factor analysis for quantitative part of the research and categorization method based on frequency for qualitative one. The results showed that the most important factor influencing transfer of training was employees’ support. Also the most important obstacle identified for this issue was high amount of work. Keywords: Transfer; transfer of training; environmental factors
There has been developing interest in thinking skills in schools over the past decade. However in the UK the consensus seems to have been against the possibility of the very existence of general thinking skills. We present three main... more
There has been developing interest in thinking skills in schools over the past decade. However in the UK the consensus seems to have been against the possibility of the very existence of general thinking skills. We present three main arguments in defence of general thinking skills which hinge upon assumptions in a priori arguments about transfer, we suggest that a clearer definition of the domains of knowledge theory is necessary for the way it is used against thinking skills and we offer a consideration of the expert/novice objections about subject or domain-specific knowledge.
