Transfer of Training

... Both authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Public Sector Leadership Development Programme Steering Committee (Roma Bridger, Cathy Mercer, and Karen Taylor) and Memorial University's Gardiner Centre (Susan Arscott, Jackie Collins, and Bill Morrissey). ...

Crew Resource Management (CRM) training is one of the critical elements of an organizational strategy to minimize risk and manage human error. The influences of three cultures that are relevant to the cockpit are described: the professional cultures of the pilots, the cultures of organizations, and the national cultures surrounding individuals and their organizations. A model of threat and error

An incremental transfer of training research design was used to measure the effectiveness of a flight training device (FTD) and to determine the point at which additional training in a FTD was no longer effective. The dependent measures were number of trials to specific completion standards, time to complete a flight lesson, and time to a successful evaluation flight. Percent transfer, transfer effectiveness ratios (TER) and incremental transfer effectiveness ratios (ITER) were computed for each instrument task and for the time to complete a flight lesson. The data indicate that the PCATD is effective in teaching basic and advanced instrument tasks to private pilots, which replicated the findings of an earlier study by Taylor and colleagues. As a result of prior training in an FTD and a PCATD time to a stage check or an instrument rating flight check flight were less when compared to an airplane Control group.

Purpose: Training transfer has been examined for formal industrial and service organizations in developed countries but rarely for rural organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to identify transfer system factors that best explain the transfer of governance-facilitation skills provided to leaders of farmers' marketing organizations (FMOs) in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach: Face to face interviews using interview schedules containing selected elements of the Learning Transfer System Inventory were conducted with 99 FMO leaders to collect data on the factors that could affect transfer of governance-facilitation skills. Findings: Hierarchical regression revealed that personal capacity to transfer, transfer design, supervisor support and feedback on performance were significant predictors of perceived transfer of governance-facilitation skills. Practical implications: Results point to the need for extension organizations that work with rural farmers' organizations to design effective training methods and transfer approaches that enhance training transfer, as well as promote leadership that values and supports training transfer to FMOs. Originality/value: The focus on member owned, participatorily run rural farmers' organizations to test factors affecting transfer of critical skills adds value to the training transfer discourse. Additionally, the role of trainee characteristics, transfer design and work environment factors in enhancing training transfer within developing country local organizations in rural Africa is confirmed.

Background. Homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) are one of the most common consequences of stroke. Compensatory training encourages affected individuals to develop more efficient eye movements to improve function. However, training is typically supervised, which can be time consuming and costly. Objective. To develop and evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an unsupervised reading and exploration computer training for individuals with HVFDs. Methods. Seventy individuals with chronic HVFDs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: intervention or control. The former received 35 hours of reading and exploration training, and the latter received 35 hours of control training. Visual and attentional abilities were assessed before and after training using perimetry, visual search, reading, activities of daily living, the Test of Everyday Attention, and a Sustained Attention to Response task. Results. Eighteen individuals failed to complete the training; analyses were conducted on the remaining 28 intervention and 24 control group participants. Individuals in the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in the primary outcomes of exploration (12.87%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.44% to 17.30%) and reading (18.45%, 95% CI = 9.93% to 26.97%), which were significantly greater than those observed following the control intervention (exploration = 4.80%, 95% CI = 0.09% to 9.51%; reading = 1.95%, 95% CI = −4.78% to 8.68%). Participants in the intervention group also reported secondary subjective improvements, although these were not matched by objective gains in tasks simulating activities of daily living. Conclusions. Home-based compensatory training is an inexpensive accessible rehabilitation option for individuals with HVFDs, which can result in objective benefits in searching and reading, as well as improving quality of life.

Through a case study, this article explores a number of theoretical issues related to the often taken for granted relationship between simulator fidelity and the quality and transferability of training in complex, dynamic, safety-critical settings. A counterexample based on mid-fidelity simulation is presented and the assumed coincidence of fidelity and validity is tested, that is the study tests the equation of constructed photorealism (built to mimic reality) and effective development of the competence that operators require to manage situations that involve underspecified problems, time pressure constraints and complex group interaction. The article concludes that such competence development cannot rely only on highly context-specific (photorealistic) environments. Further, it will be argued that lower-fidelity simulation, when appropriately designed, can provide competence development with pedagogical and economic advantages.

We examined the relationships between nursing home (NH) resident satisfaction and NH organizational characteristics, while controlling for the effect of resident characteristics within facilities. We used a stratified, random sample of NHs (N=72) from two states and a prescreened and randomized sample of 1496 residents. Data sources included resident interviews, an administrator survey, the Minimum Data Set (MDS), and the Online Survey, Certification and Reporting System (OSCAR). Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) techniques, we found that non-chain affiliation, certified nursing assistant staffing, and provision of a family council had significant positive effects on total resident satisfaction. The presence of a special care unit was associated with lower levels of satisfaction.

This study introduces a critical issue in the practicality of training programs, not only in Saudi Arabia, but also in other developing countries where billions of dollars are spent on training human resources without evaluation of these programs on workplace practice and organization development. This study investigates barriers encountered in the transfer of training to workplace practice in a sample of 90 teachers and school principals, who completed the LTSI questionnaire. We found that although trainees have high expectations for training programs, they faced several barriers in the workplace: 65 % of trainees showed limited transfer of training to the workplace due to a lack of encouragement from management; 55 % had difficulties applying what they had learned; 45 % of trainees considered their work environment unsuitable for transfer of training lessons; 72 % faced a lack of cooperation from management; and 64% faced a lack of cooperation from colleagues. This study confirms ...

Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) is one of the most important policy reforms in the fiscal management of both developing and developed countries of the world. Over the last two decades, on advocacy and technical assistance of World Bank and IMF more than 132 countries of the globe successfully implemented this new form of performance-based budgetary mechanism. As a part of public finance management reform, Bangladesh first introduced MTBF in 2004 and piloted the process for FY 2005-2006 in four ministries successfully. From the FY 2011-12 MTBF has already been rolled out to all ministries and agencies of Bangladesh. The paper discusses the conceptual framework of MTBF that has been following in Bangladesh along with a very limited discussion of empirical evidence of achieving fiscal efficiency by some developing countries. The paper is based on secondary data. On reviewing the relevant literature, it is found that the MTBF mechanism is scientifically devised and logically organized where achieving fiscal discipline, allocative and operational efficiency are the main focus of it. The paper also explored that the new form of a budgetary framework is a radical shift from traditional and compliance-based budgetary system to performance-based, result-oriented, priority-focused budgetary mechanism. Finally, the paper places some empirical evidence on fiscal discipline, allocative and operational efficiency that has been achieved by MTBF or MTEF-adopting countries.