Two Nation Theory

For all our lives we've been taught that the two-nation theory is based on the fact that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations and therefore cannot coexist as one-hence the formation of two different homelands. But is this actually true? If it is the case, why did East Pakistan secede to become Bangladesh? Why then does Jammu & Kashmir continue to aspire to join Pakistan? Why do millions of Hindus still reside in Sindh? Why do millions of Muslims still reside in India? Is the two nation theory really based around a Muslim-Hindu divide or is it something much deeper and complex? The two-nation theory in its present definition is flawed-in the sense that it is too superficial and doesn't explain the ground realities of our region. There are indeed two nations in the subcontinent, but these two nations are not Muslims and Hindus, rather they are Indus and Gangetic nations

1857 की अनकही हैरत अंगेज़ दास्तानें (Hindi)
http://www.amazon.in/dp/8172211112
This book is based mainly on contemporary primary sources.
Soon English & Urdu editions will be published by PHAOS MEDIA.
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It is Marathi version of HINDUTVA: SAVARKAR UNMASKED.
Based on the documents of Hindu Mahasabha & RSS it shows the real face of 'Veer' Savarkar who betrayed the Freedom Struggle, formed coalition governments with the Muslim League in 1942, demanded promulgation of 'Manusmriti' as Indian constitution and supported the two-nation theory of Muslim League.
It is also available in English, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi.

भारत-विभाजन विरोधी मुसलमान: देशप्रेमी मुसलमानों की अनकही दास्तान
(2019 का प्रकाशन)

डॉ॰ शम्सुल इस्लाम ने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के इतिहास में सबसे अधिक उपेक्षित किये गए अध्याय पर क़लम उठाया है, अर्थात् उन मुसलमानों पर जो भारत-विभाजन के विरोधी थे। छिपे तथ्यों को उजागर करने वाले शोध पर आधारित यह बहुमूल्य पुस्तक है जिसने भारत विभाजन से सम्बंधित बहुत सारे मिथकों का पर्दाफ़ाश किया है (डॉ॰ इश्तियाक़ अहमद, अवकाश प्राप्त प्रोफ़ेसर, स्टॉकहोम यूनिवर्सिटी) ।
समकालीन मूल स्रोतों पर आधारित, भारत-विभाजन पर यह महत्वपूर्ण अध्ययन यह बताता है कि 1940-42 में पाकिस्तान के विकल्प के मुक़ाबले में एक अखण्ड भारत के लिए मुसलमानों के बीच बहुत अधिक समर्थन पाया जाता था। अल्लाह बख़्श जैसे लोगों, जिन्होंने द्वि-राष्ट्र सिद्धांत का कड़ा विरोध किया और उसके लिए अपना जीवन तक क़ुर्बान किया, की आवाज़़ों को नज़रअंदाज़ किये जाने ने, हिन्दुत्व टोली को द्वि-राष्ट्र सिद्धांत के प्रति अपने जुड़ाओ से ध्यान भटकाने का ही काम किया है ।
(डॉ॰ रिचर्ड बोनी, अवकाश प्राप्त प्रोफे़सर, यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ़ लेस्टर) 
Dr. Shamsul Islam has written the most neglected chapter in the history of the Indian freedom struggle: on Muslims who were opposed to Partition. Based on ground-breaking research, it is an outstanding contribution which should set the record straight in great measure.—Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed, Professor Emeritus, Stockholm University.
This important study on the Partition of India, based on contemporary original sources, suggests that in 1940-2 there was more support among Muslims for an undivided India than for the Pakistan option. The failure to remember voices, such as that of Allah Bakhsh, who opposed two-nation theory vehemently and paid with his life, has helped the Hindutva camp to divert attention from its own commitment to the two-nation theory.— Dr. Richard Bonney, Professor Emeritus, University of Leicester.
Dr. Shamsul Islam’s book is a very timely intervention in the debate about the role of Muslims in India’s Partition. Relying on contemporary documents, he quashes the popular myth that India’s Partition was due to Muslims. He deserves all the credit for demolishing the two-nation theory.--Dr. Ram Puniyani
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1. Muslims Against Partition of India: The Untold Story of Allah Bakhsh and Other Patriotic Muslims (3rd  Edition)
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original in English entitled
“RSS as a Terror Outfit”
by SHAMSUL ISLAM

Translated to Kannada
by Suresh Bhat Bakrabail
RSS
Ondu Bhayotpaadaka Tandavaagi
A dossier on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh,



This e-book is copyright free. This dossier on the RSS has been compiled for the purpose of
spreading awareness about the RSS, a Hindutva organization which presents the most lethal danger
to the principles of democracy, justice, secularism, egalitarianism and liberalism
not only in India but the world over. This document is based on its own records and authenticated sources.
It may be used in any form including translation in other languages
without seeking financial benefit or tampering with the facts and authorship.
The author would be grateful if its use is shared by friends/organizations.
1st E-book edition, October, 2020
Note: Those who wish to publish this in the book form must seek permission from the author and translator.
E-mail address of Shamsul Islam: notoinjustice@gmail.com
E-mail address of mR. Suresh Bhat Bakrabail: suresh46bhat@gmail.com
LINK FOR ENGLISH VERSION:
https://www.academia.edu/44213326/RASHTRIYA_SWAYAMSEVAK_SANGH_AS_A_TERROR_OUTFIT_EVIDENCE_FROM_ITS_ARCHIVES_E_book_updated_on_October_14_2020_

गोलवलकर की 'हम या हमारी राष्ट्रीयता की परिभाषा' : एक आलोचनात्मक समीक्षा (लेखक शम्सुल इस्लाम)
गोलवलकर की अंग्रेज़ी पुस्तक वे और आवर नाशनहुड डिफाइंड का सम्पूर्ण हिंदी अनुवाद सहित

"गोलवलकर पर सावरकर के विचारों की गहरी छाप थी, दोनों जातिवाद  के समर्थक थे और हिटलर दुवारा लाखों-लाख यहूदिओं के जनसंहार  को जायज़ ठहराते थे। वे यहूदीवादी राज्य इज़राइल के इस लिए समर्थक थे की इस ने अपने पड़ोसी मुस्लमान देशों  से लगातार युद्ध  छेड़  रखे  थे।  इस प्रकार इस्लाम  से घिर्णा  हिंदुत्व का एक अभिन्न अंग बन  कर  उभरा। गोलवलकर की  पुस्तक 'वी और ऑवर नेशनहुड डिफाइंडकी मुझे जानकारी नहीं थी। अब  इसे  सम्पूर्ण रूप से शम्सुल इस्लाम की पुस्तक में आलोचना के साथ छापा गया है।  मैं ने जो  कुछ कहा  है इस से उसकी पुष्टि होती है।" 
ख़ुशवंत सिंह 

यह पुस्तक आरएसएस के प्रकाशनों और दस्तावेज़ों की रौशनी में गोलवलकर के जीवन और विचारों के बारे में वास्तविक सच्चाइयों को सामने लाने का एक प्रयास है। यह वे दस्तावेज़ हैं जिन्हें लेखक ने पिछले चार दशक में एकत्रित किया है।

This is the Hindi version of WE OR OUR NATIONHOOD DEFINED: A CRITIQUE BY SHAMSUL ISLAM WITH THE FULL TEXT OF THE BOOK (5th edition)

"""With Swayamsevaks (volunteers) like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishan Advani in the drivers’ seats in the National Democratic Alliance Government at the Centre in India (1998-2004), the RSS accelerated its old favourite pastime of undoing democratic-secular polity and minority bashing in India. Sarsanghchalak or Supreme Leader of the RSS, KS Sudershan while addressing a rally on the eve of 75th founding day of the RSS in Nagpur, called upon Muslims and Christians of the country to prove their patriotism. It is really atrocious that an organization, which was at least twice banned for anti-national activities by the Government of India after independence should pose as controlling authority of patriotism in the country. Should we once again refresh the memory of the RSS bosses that their rabid communal organization was banned in 1948 for collaborating in the murder of Mahatma Gandhi, and in 1992 it was again banned for demolishing Babri mosque at Ayodhya? Do we also need to tell the RSS that misadventures like demolition of Babri mosque only served the strategic goals of the enemies of India like the ISI who wished to see an India, fractured and at war with itself?
This is high time that the people of this country scrutinize the record (of patriotism and loyalty to the nation) of the RSS itself. Unfortunately, the RSS which is fond of demanding unwavering and unflinching loyalty to the Nation from minorities is neither loyal to the Constitution of India, nor to the National Flag. RSS is an organization, which openly decries the existence of a democratic, federal and secular India which are the ‘Basic’ features of the Constitution of India. In fact, it has long heritage of worshiping dictators like Hitler. It is an organization which not only openly decried the Freedom Movement against the British rule but also made fun of the great martyrs like Bhagat Singh and his companions who laid down their lives for the liberation of the Motherland. In order to know the truth we will simply have to make access to the literature and publications of the RSS specially the writings of Golwalkar (known as Guruji) who as a philosopher and guide is religiously followed by the bosses and cadres of the RSS. In this booklet we have presented fully the official viewpoints of the RSS on different aspects of Indian polity so that it cannot allege misrepresentation.
We must seriously know about the RSS today, as it is no more a fringe organization with the present BJP leaders declaring their open allegiance to the RSS. They have even told the Nation that RSS to them is what Gandhiji was to Nehru! It is a highly intriguing and dishonest parallel in the sense that Gandhiji was theoretically never disloyal to a democratic, secular and federal India. We are publishing this booklet with the hope that this Nation gets familiarized to the real face and intentions of the RSS; otherwise it may be too late to save this country.
All quotations reproduced below are from the RSS publications/literature and English translations are by the author."
Note: The material of this book is for the personal benefit of all  researchers and those who are concerned about Casteism, denigration of women and theocratic politics in India. In no case commercial use is permitted."
More Info:'KNOW THE RSS' is now available in Kannada, English, Hindi (13th revised edition), Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi.
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RSS: MARKETING FASCISM AS HINDU NATIONALISM

Price: 250 INR
ISBN: 9789387298156

Indian democratic-secular polity is passing through the most critical phase since its birth on August 15, 1947. Our constitutional polity has been taken over by RSS/BJP leaders committed to Hindutva politics which was neither part of modern India's its anti-colonial heritage nor have been faithful to the principles enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India. The Hindutva politics  decried and continues to decry democracy, secularism, egalitarianism and an all-inclusive India.

This book provides an insight into the philosophical moorings of the followers of Hindutva and their action plans to convert India into a theocratic Hindu State. This insight is based solely on the internal documents of RSS/BJP and other fraternal Hindutva organizations.

It is hoped that this Reader on RSS book will help researchers and common readers in getting acquainted with an ideology and its perpetrators who present the most lethal challenge to democratic-secular India.
CONTENTS
Preface ............................................................................. 11
INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 13

Chapter 1
Surreptitious change of course: Converting democratic-secular polity into Hindu state....... 17
PM Modi’s favourite minister declares war on Indian Constitution ..................................................................... 23

Chapter 2
Manufacturing holiness of cow: A weapon of cleansing of Muslims and Dalits....................27

Chapter 3
Hitler and Mussolini as Gurus ................................... 35
Love for dictators and Neo-Nazis ............................................. 42
RSS building a deadly alliance against Muslims and Christians in India’s neighbourhood ...............................44
Neo-Nazi mass murderer of Norway Breivik’s linkages with Hindu nationalists......................................... 47
Genocide of Rohingyas in Myanmar: The Hindutva imprints ........................................................ 49

Chapter 4
Cleansing of Minorities as Priority ........................... 51
RSS facilitating the job of anti-national forces ....................... 55
Cleansing of minorities: Golwalkar’s direct involvement ...... 59
Everyday a trial by fire (agnipriksha) of madrasaas to prove patriotism.........................................................62
Madrasaas played great heroic role in India’s freedom struggle.................................................................... 64
Will Taj Mahal meet the fate of the mosque at Ayodhya? .... 66
Som’s hilarious sense of ‘History’ ............................................. 67
Three ways Taj Mahal can be harmed  ...................................... 70
Inflaming hatred against Muslims for votes ............................ 71
A Hindu girl forced to commit suicide for writing ‘she liked Muslims’................................................................ 73
1984 Sikh massacre: RSS/BJP rulers continue the façade of searching for perpetrators ................................. 74
Two kinds of justice .................................................................... 74
History of the farcical justice in the 1984 massacre case ...... 76
RSS ideologue Nana Deshmukh justified the massacre of Sikhs in 1984.............................................................. 78
RSS against former PM Manmohan Singh’s apology for 1984 massacre ............................................................. 83
‘Moments of Soul Searching’ ..................................................... 84

Chapter 5
Indian freedom struggle and RSS: A story of betrayal................................................................91
RSS denigrated tradition of the martyrdom............................. 95
Syama Prasad Mookerji: Hindutva icon who allied with the Muslim League and the British rulers................. 97
Backstabbing Netaji Subhash Chander Bose.......................... 101
Eternal belief in the Two-Nation Theory .............................. 102

Chapter 6
Denigrating Dalits and Women ............................... 105
History of continuous delay in presenting reports of National Commission for SC/ST................................ 107
Laws of Manu concerning Sudras/Dalits............................... 115
Laws of Manu concerning women.......................................... 117
RSS book shops market anti-women literature which propagates Sati and wife-beating ................... 120
Modi: Manual scavenging by Sudras is their “experience in spirituality”................................................. 121
Return of Untouchability: Courtesy RSS/BJP....................... 123
Last Words of Dalit Martyr Rohith Vemula........................... 127
Anti-Sudra Guru Dronacharya honoured on Dr. Ambedkar’s birthday.................................................... 130
Golwalkar on Crossbreeding in Kerala: Denigrating Kerala Hindus specially Women .......................... 132
RSS Rolls out Racist Project of Producing ‘Aryan’ Babies in India...................................................................... 134

Chapter 7
Hatred for democratic-secular-federal India .......... 141
Denigration of the Tricolour: the National Flag................... 141
When Indian Nation celebrated adoption of the Constitution RSS mourned it............................................. 144
Love For dictatorship................................................................. 146
Against Federalism ..................................................................... 147
Against secular India ................................................................. 148
RSS Oath: .................................................................................... 149
RSS Prayer: .................................................................................. 150

Chapter 8
RSS and conspiracies: Made for each other ........... 151
Murder of MK Gandhi and Hindutva organizations............ 154
The military connection............................................................. 156

Chapter 9
Celebrating ‘vadh’ (killing) of opponents is embedded in the Hindutva politics.................... 161

Chapter 10
Resurrecting Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya: A staunch believer in Hindutva, Hindu rashtra and Casteism who died a mysterious death................................................ 165
Hindutva, Hindu nationalism and Hindu State ascore beliefs............................................................................ 167
Militarist ambitions of the Hindu nation to rule over the world...................................................................... 172
Finding fault with the composite nationalism and freedom struggle.................................................................. 174
Staunch defender of Casteism.................................................. 176
Inimical attitude towards minorities......................................... 178
Upadhyaya as a perennial Muslim basher................................ 179
For unitary form of government............................................. 182
Linkages with CIA...................................................................... 182
Mysterious death of Upadhyaya .............................................. 184

Chapter 11
The Operation Take-Over Supreme Court............. 187
Full text of the letter to the Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra by top Supreme Court Justices Jasti Chelameswar, Ranjan Gogoi, Madan Lokur and Kurian Joseph............................................................... 191
Conclusion.......................................................................... 197

ANNEXURE
What is RSS? By Madhu Limaye ............................................. 199
INDEX......................................................................................... 213

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Shamsul Islam taught political science at the University of Delhi (1973-2013). As an author, columnist and dramatist he has been writing against religious bigotry, dehumanization, totalitarianism, persecution of minorities, Dalits and women. He is known for his work on the rise of nationalism, specially religion-based nationalism and its development in India and the world. He writes in English, Hindi and Urdu.


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"""From the back-cover:
This book will prove quite useful in the present times when the RSS is showing up its colours, more and more starkly, in a number of areas. The communal carnage in Gujarat has exposed the diabolical plans of RSS. The Babri mosque demolition and riots across the country; the attempts at Brahmanisation of education and communalization of the civil services were some other instances which unmasked RSS and other affiliates of the Sangh Gang. The author traces the plans, policies and propositions of the RSS to their origins, in the words/publications of the RSS itself, so that there is no room for alleging misrepresentation.
The shameful role of the RSS in the struggle for the independence of India, its close affinity with the Fascist concepts of Hitler and Mussolini, its resulting priorities of anti-minoritiism and redressal of historical wrongs, its seeking to adopt any means to achieve political power—all these are described in detail in the book.
The author has taken pains to conclusively prove that the RSS policies will inevitably lead to the denigration of the Dalits and the marginalization of women with excerpts from the ‘Manusmriti’ which is dear to the RSS establishment. The book concludes that the RSS is out to subvert the basic democratic-secular characteristics of our Constitution.
The author is known for his frank writings about the subversive games which communal forces play in the Indian sub-continent. This book will prove to be a handbook for knowing RSS.   
" Note: The material of this book is for the personal benefit of all  researchers and those who are concerned about Casteism, denigration of women and theocratic politics in India. In no case commercial use is permitted."

FROM THE PREFACE:
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) claims to be the greatest embodiment of nationalism in the country today. There has been a concerted attempt to market it as being synonymous with patriotism in India. It is also a fact, though, that the claims of the RSS in this regard have always been challenged by individuals and organizations who were in the thick of Freedom Movement. There is no dearth of writings exposing the negative role of the RSS during the Freedom Struggle. However, this booklet is an attempt to collect facts of the Freedom Movement era from the archives of the RSS itself. It has been the intention of the author that the documents of the RSS should speak for themselves. This booklet is surely going to disappoint those who believe that the RSS played any role in the Freedom Movement. They will hear from the horse’s mouth that not only was a silence maintained about the evils of foreign rule but all attempts were made to sabotage the united fight against British colonial rule.
This booklet contains a thematic index of references in speeches and writings of the RSS leaders to participation in the Freedom Movement. It is published as an appendix.
Translations from original Hindi texts quoted in the booklet are by the author.
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131st Birth anniversary of Frontier Gandhi
Is Forgetting Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan that Easy?
February 6 is the 131st birth anniversary of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan also popularly known as Frontier Gandhi and Badshah Khan. He was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, a die-hard opponent of the two-nation theory and the idea of Pakistan. He was totally committed to Gandhi's idea of non-violence, enjoyed the same stature in the NWFP also known as Frontier as Gandhi had in India. He opposed with full conviction the inclusion of NWFP in Pakistan but failed. After formation of Pakistan he, his followers and family faced terrible repression at the hands of the consecutive Pakistan governments including the one led by Jinnah and Islam-o-fascists. One of his brothers was assassinated, his supporters butchered by the Islamist fascists, he spent more than a decade in Pakistani jails and was forced to go into exile in Afghanistan. He was declared to be an agent of Hindu India. ML government led by Jinnah did not tolerate the NWFP government led by Badshah Khan's elder brother and it was dismissed on August 22, 1947; exactly 8 days after the formation of Pakistan.
Whatever ruling classes of Pakistan did to Frontier Gandhi is understandable as he stood as a rock against Islamist politics of declaring Muslims as a separate nation. But what treatment he got and is receiving in India is far more abhorring.
The latest denigration of his took place in last December in India. A hospital constructing in his honour in Faridabad (Haryana) with the help of Hindu-Sikhs who migrated from NWFP, inaugurated by the first PM of India, Jawaharlal Nehru as Badshah Khan Hospital was renamed as Atal Bihari Vajpayee hospital! 
Frontier Gandhi founded the Khudai Khidmatgars (Servants of God) which was at the head of a patriotic and socially progressive movement. The movement was also nicknamed as ‘The Red Shirts’ due to the colour of uniform it used for its cadres. Their presence was first noticed at the Lahore Congress in 1929 which at that time according to police reports numbered 200,000. Quotation from the Quran against slavery served as rallying points for nationalist enthusiasm and the struggle to liberate the country from foreign rule became the Holy War of Khudai Khidmatgars.  A peerless authority on Muslims and Muslim politics in modern India, Wilfred Cantwell Smith was of the opinion that "No section of India has been more thoroughly nationalist.”

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar is glorified by the Hindutv camp as 'Veer' (brave) who fought for the freedom of India. This is in total disregard of historical facts. He started as a freedom fighter but once put in Cellular Jail he became a British stooge. He submitted not one mercy petition but FIVE begging release from the British masters. The texts of only 2 are available in the archives, about the rest 3 we find mention in Savarkar's 2 petitions presented here.
He was awarded a sentence of 50 years but was released after 10 years only. Despite ban on his political activities he was allowed to organize Hindu Mahasabha which preached Two-nation theory to the joy of the British rulers.

This paper is an attempt to show in the light of the speeches of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah the meaning and import of two nation theory.The over all impact of this theory is that Muslims and Hindus have different beliefs and their culture develops in the light of their respective beliefs. But as Pakistani citizens they will all be Pakistanis. Hindus will profess their religion and Muslims will profess their religion.There is no ambiguity in the objectives resolution. Pakistan is an Islamic Republic. State religion is Islam and nor law can be passed which is repugnant to the injunctions of Islam. Islam itself says that there is no compulsion in the matter of Religion. All citizens of Pakistan have equal protection of law in respect of their life, honour and property. All citizens are called citizens of Pakistan. As a Pakistani they are all loyal to the State. The law of the land fully protects the rights of minorities or non-Muslims. In this paper I have relied upon the collections of late Khurshid Ahmad Khan Yusufi who was a highly learned person and author of valuable books of which this collection edited by him is a monumental work. Bazm-i-Iqbal deserves the whole credit for having provided so authentic material for the researches which otherwise would have been difficult to obtain. I am to express my gratitude to the most honourable Mr. Majid Nizami, Chairman, Nazariyya-i-Pakistan Trust and the most honourable Dr. Rafiq Ahmad former Vice Chancellor and now Deputy Chairman of the Nazariyya-i-Pakistan Trust for being kind enough to gift me this valuable collection of four volumes. May they live long and may their efforts be the beacon light for the young generation. (Aameen).

Last year, an article on Allama Muhammad Iqbal almost went into oblivion. Ironically, it was on why "Iqbal was going out of fashion".
This April was Iqbal's 79th death anniversary. Whether or not he goes out of fashion, his two-nation theory never does — much to the political tragedy of both India and Pakistan.

His ghost is posthumously awarded each year the sobriquet of "philosopher of Islam", apart from his life being relegated as that of an eccentric who first called for an independent Muslim nation.
Lovers and antagonists of Islam — be that political or religious — want to subsume Iqbal in a homogenous discourse. Of course, it was not Islam that wanted an independent nation, but Iqbal and Mohammad Ali Jouhar; followed by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, who coined the name "Pakistan", in the Pakistan Declaration; Mohammad Ali Jinnah; and other ideologues of the Muslim League.

Those who have somehow reconciled with the mythologised history of ancient India will surely be surprised by the continuing trend of myth-making even in modern times.
Partition of India has largely been covered by thick layers of deliberate untruths to construct communal narratives
demonising Muslims.
Not many people know that a majority of Muslims did not approve of the idea and large numbers of them actually opposed it. These facts, however, remain largely unexplored except in a few scholarly treatises. The present book by a noted scholar and a progressive activist-thinker Shamsul Islam, devoted to exposing these truths to the larger public,
is not only a welcome contribution but also a timely one, given that Hindutva forces are falsifying our history with a
fascist zeal.

With Swayamsevaks (volunteers) like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishan Advani in the drivers’ seats in the National Democratic Alliance Government at the Centre in India (1998-2004), the RSS accelerated its old favourite pastime of undoing democratic-secular polity and minority bashing in India. Sarsanghchalak or Supreme Leader of the RSS, KS Sudershan while addressing a rally on the eve of 75th founding day of the RSS in Nagpur, called upon Muslims and Christians of the country to prove their patriotism. It is really atrocious that an organization, which was at least twice banned for anti-national activities by the Government of India after independence should pose as controlling authority of patriotism in the country. Should we once again refresh the memory of the RSS bosses that their rabid communal organization was banned in 1948 for collaborating in the murder of Mahatma Gandhi, and in 1992 it was again banned for demolishing Babri mosque at Ayodhya? Do we also need to tell the RSS that misadventures like demolition of Babri mosque only served the strategic goals of the enemies of India like the ISI who wished to see an India, fractured and at war with itself?
This is high time that the people of this country scrutinize the record (of patriotism and loyalty to the nation) of the RSS itself. Unfortunately, the RSS which is fond of demanding unwavering and unflinching loyalty to the Nation from minorities is neither loyal to the Constitution of India, nor to the National Flag. RSS is an organization, which openly decries the existence of a democratic, federal and secular India which are the ‘Basic’ features of the Constitution of India. In fact, it has long heritage of worshiping dictators like Hitler. It is an organization which not only openly decried the Freedom Movement against the British rule but also made fun of the great martyrs like Bhagat Singh and his companions who laid down their lives for the liberation of the Motherland. In order to know the truth we will simply have to make access to the literature and publications of the RSS specially the writings of Golwalkar (known as Guruji) who as a philosopher and guide is religiously followed by the bosses and cadres of the RSS. In this booklet we have presented fully the official viewpoints of the RSS on different aspects of Indian polity so that it cannot allege misrepresentation.
We must seriously know about the RSS today, as it is no more a fringe organization with the present BJP leaders declaring their open allegiance to the RSS. They have even told the Nation that RSS to them is what Gandhiji was to Nehru! It is a highly intriguing and dishonest parallel in the sense that Gandhiji was theoretically never disloyal to a democratic, secular and federal India. We are publishing this booklet with the hope that this Nation gets familiarized to the real face and intentions of the RSS; otherwise it may be too late to save this country.
All quotations reproduced below are from the RSS publications/literature and English translations are by the author. More than 20 editions published so far. "
Note: The material of this book is for the personal benefit of all  researchers and those who are concerned about Casteism, denigration of women and theocratic politics in India. In no case commercial use is permitted."
More Info: 'KNOW THE RSS' is now available in Kannada, English, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi.

""From Back-cover:
"We are witnessing a concerted attempt by the RSS to establish MS Golwalkar as the ‘prophet of resurgent India’, ‘a saint’, ‘a new Vivekananda’, 'the best son of Bahratmata’, and the ‘biggest gift to Hindu society in the 20th Century’. This in spite of the fact that Golwalkar, throughout his life, remained committed to the concept of Hindutva which meant an inherent faith in Casteism, Racism and Imperialism. He stood for the establishment of a Hindu rashtra, or nation, where minorities like Muslims and Christians could exist only as second class citizens.

This book attempts to put across actual facts about Golwalkar’s life and beliefs in the light of his original writings, publications of the RSS, documents available in its archives and many other RSS documents the writer collected over the last 35 years from different parts of the country, specially the original text of Golwalkar’s book WE OR OUR NATIONHOOD DEFINED (1939) which is being reproduced in this book. It is the most important text in order to understand the RSS’ concept of Hindu state, and has not been available after 1947.

Comments by Khushwant Singh: “Golwalkar’s thinking was much influenced by Veer Savarkar (also a Brahmin). Both supported the caste system, asserting the superiority of the Brahmins over other castes and the need to keep their lineage free of contamination by inter-marriages with other castes. Both regarded Islam and Christianity as non-Indian because they originated outside India and believed that unless they recognised India as their fatherland and holy land, they were to be treated as second-class citizens.
Both believed in the superiority of the Aryan race and approved of Adolf Hitler exterminating millions of Jews in gas chambers. Nevertheless they supported Zionism and Jewish State of Israel for no other reason than it was forever waging wars against its Arab neighbours who were Muslims. Islamophobia became an integral part of Hindutva…I had read his Bunch of Letters  [Bunch of Thoughts] earlier and put it out of my mind. I didn’t know of his WE OR OUR NATIONHOOD DEFINED. It was published in 1939…It has been republished with the full text and A Critique by Shamsul Islam by Pharos Press. It substantiates all of what I have said."

Comments by Professor I. K. Shukla: “How fanatically vicious Golwalkar was in laying down his version of Mein Kampf informs this major handbook of Hindu fascism wherein he strips himself for condemnation and revulsion as an evil ogre of Dark ages. The long and well-researched Introduction by Prof. Islam in itself has become an invaluable asset for serious researchers, scholarly academics, and committed activists. He deserves kudos for retrieving Golwalkar’s poison-spewing book, always revered by RSS and its affiliates, and widely regarded as the Bible of Hindutva fascists…”
Link for buying:
https://pharosmedia.com/books/product/9788172210304/


""

On March 24, 1940 (not March 23 rd as commonly reported), the All-India Muslim League passed the Pakistan Resolution demanding a separate homeland for Muslims. In 1947, on the basis of the Two-Nation Theory, India was partitioned. Partition resulted in human suffering and destroyed peace in South Asia. The Two-Nation Theory, the Pakistan Resolution and the partition of India were all brainchildren of the rulers of India. Consider this: had the Muslim League (under the leadership of Mr. Jinnah) promoted the Two-Nation Theory, the Resolution or partition without consent from the rulers, he and his lieutenants would have been imprisoned on charges of inciting treason or inflaming hatred and communalism. Furthermore, had Mr. Jinnah's policies not been in line with the ruler's schemes, they would not have accepted him as the sole leader of the Muslim community; some other Muslim leader would have been given Jinnah's slot. Because Mr. Jinnah's policies were in line with the British agenda, not a single Muslim leader of any other political party (including Allama Mashriqi and his Khaksar Movement in British India)

হিন্দুত্ব: সাভারকারের স্বরূপ HINDUTVA: SAVARKARER SWARUP
Friends glad to share with you that Bangla edition of my book on Savarkar has been published by KATHA, Kolkata.
It also available in Hindi, English, Punjabi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Kannad & Malayalam.

HINDU NATIONALISM & RSS by Shamsul Islam [revised 4th (2022), introduction by Professor Richard Bonney]
This book traces the history of Hindu nationalism with a special focus on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) as its prominent flag bearer. Through an in-depth study of archival sources and more recent documents, the author challenges the claim of Hindu nationalism as being primordial. He argues that in addition to being a modern construct, it laid the foundation of Hindu separatism or a two-nation theory which was later adopted by Muslim separatists like Mohammed Ali Jinnah. This book describes the growth of Hindu nationalism and its appearance as Hindutva which glorifies Casteism, Racism and totalitarianism. This work also investigates how the book Hindutva authored by VD Savarkar (1923) and MS Golwalkar’s We or Our Nationhood Defined (1939) continue to determine the discourse of Hindu nationalism. The author has spent more than four decades collecting and scrutinizing original RSS documents from different parts of the country, especially the ones relating to pre-Independence India. These documents are the foundation for the direction which RSS was destined to take as a sectarian Hindu separatist organization opposed to democratic, secular and egalitarian ideals.
Comments: 'This publication of Shamsul Islam’s study of the ideology of Hindu nationalism and RSS is very timely because the ideological challenge of Hindutva remains a potent threat to the Indian constitution and a pluralistic and harmonious ordering of Indian society.' (Professor Richard Bonney)
'It is an in depth study of the origin of RSS and the two-nation theory and the evolution of Hindutva ideology in India. For the first time certain sources have been used and that makes it a unique work of scholarship.' (Professor Manoranjan Mohanty)
'It is a careful and thought provoking study of the RSS. It seeks to carry the debate over the character of Indian nationalism forward and to locate it in the nature and character of the RSS both as an organization and as a movement. It is written after extensive research on the source materials and reflects a deep and long engagement with the subject.' (Professor Imtiaz Ahmed)
'It is an excellent work, politically very important and academically brilliant.' (Dr. Ram Puniyani)

پیش لفظ

آر ایس ایس اور بی جے پی کے زیعے پالے جانے والے زہریلے عناصر نے جناح کی تصویر کو مسئلہ بنا کر علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی (اے ایم یو) پر گزشتہ دنوں جو حملے کئے، ان کے بعد دو قومی نظریہ ایک بار پھر زیرِبحث آ گیا۔ یونیورسٹی طلبا یونین کے دفتر میں محمد علی جناح کی یہ تصویر گزشتہ 80 سالوں سے لگی ہے، جس پر اعتراض کر ہندوتوا بریگیڈ اپنی روایت کے مطابق ہی مسلمانوں کی حب الوطنی پر سوال کھڑے کر رہی ہے۔ یہ کام بی ایس مُنجے، بھائی پرمانند، وِنايك دامودر ساورکر، ایم ایس گولولکر اور دیگر ہندو قوم پرستوں کے سلسلے سے آنے والے لوگ کر رہے ہیں، جنہوں نے نہ صرف دو قومی نظریہ پیش کیا بلکہ (جارحانہ طور پر مطالبہ کیا کہ مسلمانوں کو ہندوستان سے نکال باہر کیا جائے، جو پہلے ہندو راشٹر تھا) آج بھی جن کا عقیدہ ہے کہ ہندو اور مسلمان دو علاحدہ راشٹر (قومیں) ہیں۔ بھارت کے سیاسی منظر نامے پر جناح یا مسلم لیگ کے طلوع ہونے سے بہت پہلے آر ایس ایس کے لوگ، جو آج ہندوستان کے حکمراں ہیں، متواتر یہ مطالبہ کرتے آئے ہیں کہ مسلمانوں اور عیسائیوں سے ان کے شہری حقوق چھین لئے جانے چاہئیں۔
دنیا بھر میں پھیلے اپنے دوستوں اور خیر خواہان کے اصرار پر دو قومی نظریے کے اس طالب علم کو یہ وقت مناسب لگا کہ اس موضوع کا خاطر خواہ اور مستند مطالعہ پیش کر دیا جائے، جس سے دو قومی نظریے کے آغاز سے لے کر آج تک کے اس کے سفر کو سمجھا جا سکے۔
GUILTY MEN OF THE TWO-NATION THEORY: A HINDUTVA PROJECT BORROWED BY JINNAH (Urdu)

Savarkar as a diehard Casteist: Evidence from Hindutva archives
It appeared in The Indian Express, Delhi titled ‘Truth about Savarkar and caste’ on 23-03-2022.

https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/truth-about-savarkar-and-caste-7832134/

“Very timely because Hindutva remains a potent threat to the Indian constitution and
a pluralistic and harmonious ordering of Indian society.”
— Professor Richard Bonney
“In depth study of the evolution of Hindutva ideology. For the first time certain
sources have been used and that makes it a unique work of scholarship.”
— Professor Manoranjan Mohanty
“It is an excellent work, politically very important and academically brilliant.”
— Dr. Ram Puniyani
“It is a careful and thought provoking study of the RSS. It seeks to carry the debate
over the character of Indian nationalism forward and to locate it in the nature and
character of the RSS both as an organization and as a movement. It is written after
extensive research on the source materials and reflects a deep and long engagement
with the subject.” — Professor Imtiaz Ahmed
Link for procuring Shamsul Islam’s books in English, Hindi & Urdu:
https://tinyurl.com/shams-books
Contact number: Delhi, India 91-9868656614

It is in response to Rahul Pandita’s piece ‘Gorakhpur and the Ghost of Gangadhar Adhikari: Whether liberals like it or not, the story of Hindu consolidation is not over yet’ which appeared in Open Magazine on March 22, 2017. My response is a lengthy one, as reproduction of many original documents from the RSS/Hindutva archives is needed to evaluate many beliefs of Rahul Pandita. This detailed response can be handy resource material to challenge the justification of Hindutva rule in India by the Hindutva zealots and characters who as fence-sitters were just waiting India to be stormed by the Hindutva gang to join the latter.
Rahul's glorification of the forthcoming Hindutva rule in India reminds me of Max Weinreich's eye-opener book ‘Hitler's Professors: The Part of Scholarship in Germany's Crimes Against the Jewish People’ [Yale University Press, New Haven, 1999]. It is a narrative of the contemporary documents showing how intellectuals in Germany worked overtime to legitimize the Nazis led by Hitler and facilitated latter’s capture of power in Germany.
Link for Rahul Pandita's write-up: https://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cover-story/gorakhpur-and-the-ghost-of-gangadhar-adhikari

HINDUS AND MUSLIMS IN THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OF 1857 & EMERGENCE OF TWO-NATION THEORY
Shamsul Islam
[Paper presented in a conference at Trivandrum, Kerala on May 19, 2007]


Hindus and Muslims of the Indian subcontinent constitute a joint nation, or happen to form two separate nationalities, as they follow two different religions. This debate has been an integral and fundamental part of our political discourse since the closing years of 19th century. This debate did raise some important and serious concerns with which we continue to grapple even today. It has been the period in which a notable section of the leadership of both the religions left no stone unturned in trying to prove that the followers of these two separate religions, naturally and historically constituted two separate nations. We discuss here how a united nation during 1857 War of Independence came to suffer by the juggernaut of practitioners of Two-nation theory.

The Hindutva brigade is fond of declaring Dr. Mookerjee as great nationalist and patriot who laid down his life for the unity of the nation. Modi described him as “a statesman, thinker and a patriot who devoted his life towards strengthening national integration”. The Hindutva rhetoric about patriotism of Dr. Mookerjee needs to be cross-checked with the contemporary documents available even in RSS and Hindu Mahasabha archives. Perusal of these documents clearly shows that the claim that Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee was a ‘selfless patriot’ and a great patriot right from his birth is a white lie. Dr Mookerjee never-never participated in the anti-colonial freedom struggle. If patriotism means being part of the freedom struggle and making sacrifices, Dr Mookerjee not only kept aloof from it but also betrayed it by collaborating with the British rulers and the Muslim League in order to crush and communally polarize the anti-British liberation movement.
http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/06/29/dr-syama-prasad-mookerjee-bjprss-hindutva-icon-was-a-collaborator-of-british-rulers-and-muslim-league/

It exposes the real anti-national, anti-egalitarian, anti-women & pro-Casteist face of RSS through its own documents.
It is also available in Hindi, Urdu, English, Punjabi, Gujarati & Bengali.
It was published by Chintha, Thiruvananthapuram in 2008 and is being reproduced with thanks.

'KNOW THE RSS' is now available in Kannada, English, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi.

The secular-democratic polity of India has been besieged with challenges ever since its birth on 15 August 1947. It was born as an independent nation in the midst of unprecedented communal violence, mayhem and destruction of life and property. The communal polarisation had ravaged the subcontinent even before the birth of an independent Indian nation. The independence of India after many centuries of repressive colonial rule should have been an occasion of great jubilation. Unfortunately, the partition of the country following the Two-nation theory propagated by the Muslim League turned the birth of a secular-democratic India into a dreadful nightmare. Interestingly, this was done in the name of nationalism. However, the people of India, despite the creation of Pakistan on the eastern and western sides of the country on the basis of religion, had a significant reason to celebrate Independence as India chose to be a non-theocratic state and declared its commitment to a secular-democratic polity. Undeniably, there were serious theoretical as well as practical weaknesses in this claim; nevertheless, it was a brave, historic and revolutionary commitment. In a situation where the Muslim League, under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, had succeeded in dismembering India ruled by the British, thus legitimizing the thesis that each religious community constituted a separate nation too, the commitment to a secular India was indeed praiseworthy.
The partition of a united India was the tragic culmination of a long and ferocious struggle between organizations like the Indian National Congress (hereafter referred to as Congress) and the Muslim League, with the British rulers playing the game of favouring Two-nation theory. The choice of a non-theocratic state by the Congress leadership immediately after Independence was not the result of appeasement of religious minority groups, but rather a continuation of the anti-colonial legacy of the Congress which stood for a secular-democratic India. Congress’s “inclusionary nationalism” challenged the Muslim League’s “exclusionary communalism”  believing that nations were not constituted merely out of religious identities. The predominantly Hindu leadership of the Congress, rising above emotional and communal feelings, arrived at a consensus that a theocratic state would be inherently antithetical to democracy and could not guarantee the stability and progress of a nation. There were hard facts available in abundance to prove the veracity of the Congress’ thesis, or that of those who opposed the Two-nation theory. For example, despite the creation of Pakistan in the name of Islam, a majority of Muslims chose to remain in India on the eve of partition. Thus, India became the country with the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia, a reality that has not changed even today. On the other hand, Nepal ruled by a Hindu King with a population of more than 90% Hindus remained a separate nation. No one claimed that since the populations of both Nepal and India were predominantly Hindus, they should have formed one nation.
It is true that the Muslim League’s juggernaut was successful in achieving its objective of dividing India on communal lines but it is also true that all Muslims did not subscribe to its philosophy. There were popular Muslim leaders like Allah Baksh, having a large following among common Muslims all over India, who vocally opposed the Two-nation theory and challenged the very basis of Muslim communal politics.
However, the crucial reality should not be overlooked that it was not only the Muslim League which believed in the Two-nation theory. There had been a highly vocal and aggressive section amongst Hindus, long before the Independence of the country, which believed that India was primordially a Hindu nation and only Hindus could be the natural inhabitants of this holy land. The RSS and Hindu Mahasabha were two such prominent organizations. These forces continue to present a serious threat to secular-democratic polity of India. Their game-plan is discussed in details here.

DEAR PM MODI, AURANGZEB RULE WAS ALSO THE RULE OF HINDU HIGH CASTES!
Narendra Modi, a senior swayamsevak (member) of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, long back in 2013 when he occupied the office of chief minister of Gujarat, declared himself to be a ‘Hindu nationalist’.  As the PM of the largest democratic-secular polity in the world; India, he misses no opportunity to stress the favourite Hindutva binary of putting Hindus and Muslims as two communities at war in the country. He resorted to this favourite polarizing theme of his while speaking at the inauguration of the renovated and expanded Kashi Vishwanath Dham [Kashi Vishwanath Temple] in his Varanasi parliamentary constituency on December 13, 2021. Digging into past of Benares now Varanasi (Kashi) he stated:
“Tyrants attacked this city, tried to destroy it. History is witness to Aurangzeb’s atrocities, his terror. He tried to change civilisation with the sword. He tried to crush culture with fanaticism. But the soil of this country is different from that of the rest of the world. Here if an Aurangzeb comes, a Shivaji also rises.” 
For PM, the story of repression and persecution by Aurangzeb, a Mughal king is not the story of some individual tyrant ruler but a bigoted Muslim who hated Hindus and Hinduism. Aurangzeb personified all Muslims of India and the religion Islam. Unfortunately our PM as a Hindutva bigot brazenly discards some very crucial historical facts even stated in the contemporary ‘Hindu’ narratives about the rule of Aurangzeb [1658-1707].
READ THE WHOLE STORY.....

On this May 14, 2013 falls the 70th anniversary of the martyrdom of one of the greatest freedom fighters of India, Allah Baksh. He lived and sacrificed his life for a free and all inclusive India. Allah Baksh was the Premier (those days chief minister was known by this designation) of Sind during the eventful days of ‘Quit India’ Movement of 1942 as head of the ‘Ittehad Party’ (Unity Party) which represented all sections of Sind and did not allow Muslim League to have any foothold in the Muslim majority province of Sind. Allah Baksh and his Party were not part of the Indian National Congress but when British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a derogatory reference to the Indian freedom struggle and the ‘Quit India’ Movement in a speech in the British Parliament, Allah Baksh renounced in protest all titles conferred by the British Government.
While announcing this renouncement he stated, “It is the cumulative result of the feeling that the British Government does not want to part with power. Mr. Churchill’s speech shattered all hopes.” The British administration could not digest this dissent of Allah Baksh and he was removed from office by the Governor, Sir Hugh Dow, on October 10, 1942. Even out of office Allah Baksh was a threat to the politics of Two-Nation. He was murdered on 14-05-1943.
It really needs a serious inquiry that why political trends like led by Allah Baksh among Muslims got pushed to oblivion. It suited the British masters and Hindu-Muslim communalists fine. They saw India as a land of perpetual conflicts among religions specially Hindus and Muslims. It is natural that in Pakistan Allah Baksh is treated as pariah and enemy of Islam. But the Indian secular state, which has the name of Sind in its National Anthem, remains totally unmindful to this legacy which stood for a secular, united and democratic India. Allah Baksh spent all his life countering communal politics of Muslim League and its two-nation theory. In fact he laid down his life for this cause. This great sacrifice of a Muslim leader for the freedom of the country remains unknown even today.

On the contrary it is really shocking that we have Savarkar’s picture in Parliament who was an ideological pal of Muslim League; they ran coalition governments in post 1942 period. Savarkar who begged for mercy from British rulers and came out from Cellular Jail only after completing 1/5th of his sentence, who championed Hindutva politics which wanted to replace the Indian Constitution with Codes of Manu, who believed  in Casteism and Racism, who organized killing of Gandhi has been elevated to the pantheon of great freedom fighters, but no place for Allah Baksh. It is only a living testimony to the communal political structure which secular India is forced to live today.

This exhaustive review of MUSLIMS AGAINST PARTITION is by a renowned historian of Pakistan, Professor Akhtar Sandhu. I thank him. However, I would like to point out few crucial facts.
Firstly, Partition was not outcome of religious differences between Hindus & Muslims. It did not affect India except northern and eastern parts. Neither Hindus nor Muslims constitute homogeneous communities. If this was so Arabs, 90% Muslims, would not have been divided into dozens of states/nations, Bangladesh would not have broken away and Hindus of Nepal would not have overthrown King who claimed to be an incarnation of god Vishnu.
Secondly, it was not 'persecuted' minority which demanded Pakistan. Long before 1940 Pakistan Resolution, Hindu nationalists like Lajpat Rai, Bhai Parmanand, VD Savarkar, MS Moonje and Lala Hardyal had been demanding since 1910s transfer of Muslim population to the western part of India, towards Afghanistan. Hindu nationalists wanted to get rid of Muslims. In fact, Muslim League borrowed its two-nation theory from Hindu nationalists. The latter were willing to part with far large areas to 'Muslims' then the truncated Pakistan which ML got on August 14, 1947.
3rdly, ML's claim that it wanted Pakistan in order to avoid hegemony of Hindu nationalist is not convincing. Most of Pakistanis may not be knowing that ML and Hindu Mahasabha ran coalition governments in Sind, Bengal and NWFP in 1942. This gave undue legitimacy to Hindu nationalists.
Lastly, responding to last sentence of Professor Sandhu "We pray for the security and honour of the Indian Muslims" I would only say that ascendancy of Hindutva politics in India is not a danger for Muslims only. It is a threat to common Hindus as Hindutva like any other political religion is against justice and egalitarianism. Hindutva leaders want to impose MANUSMRITI as constitution of India which decrees sub-human existence to Hindu women & Dalits. The situation is not different in Pakistan. Seven decades of Islamic Pakistan have not secured justice and equality for its Muslim population even what to talk of minorities. If there are counter facts I promise to change my opinion.

Saadat Hasan Manto, an Urdu Indo-Pak writer, is famous for his writing pertaining to the concept of partition and the two nation theory. Though he also has highlighted some social issues about children and women. The Dog of Tithwal, a short story written by Manto explores the psyche of two characters, a Muslim and a Hindu, from two different faiths and their attitude towards Sub continent’s geographical and political conditions. Two Nation Theory, in real was the theory of one nation, aims to divide Sub continent, while Hindus were struggling for independence from British rule. The method of this study is qualitative, it is very close to the nature of research. This research article explores the reasons of conceptualizing two nation theory, it also examines the characters of Manto and their psyche. This article tends to show the partition impacts on later generations. This research will also help future researchers to work on Manto's writing style, themes in his writings and psyche of his characters.

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The formation, re-formation and consolidation of national identity required that the past be re-written within the parameters of the two-nation theory.  A State that was formed within a communal split which became its ideological basis was unable to emerge from its foundational mythologies.  The foundational myths of Pakistan centre around the absolute, complete and total difference between two communities – Hindus and Muslims who never shared anything in common, were always and forever enemies and could never in the future become one nation or community.  Pakistan’s national tale is therefore a tale of two communities – two eternally irreconcilable and essentially inimical religious communities.


Published/Presented at:

‘A Tale of Two Communities: Pakistani Textbook Representations of 1857', In Lyon, Stephen & Lain Edgar (eds) (2010) Shaping a Nation: An Examination of Education in Pakistan.  Karachi: Oxford University Press.

‘A Tale of Two Communities: Representations of 1857 in Pakistani Textbooks'.  In Pakistan Perspectives. 2010.

School of Oriental and Asian Studies. Conference on ‘Imperialism, Race, Resistance'.  October 2007.  Presented a paper: ‘A Tale of Two Communities: Representation of 1857 in Pakistani Textbooks'. London.

One of the least researched aspects of the Partition of India has been the role of Muslims who opposed the Partition. We are indeed informed about the strong opposition by Congress stalwart Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and  the leader of the Jamiat-Ulema-e-Islam, Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madni, to the demand for a separate Muslim state made by the All-India Muslim League, but the general impression in both India and Pakistan is that Indian Muslims as a whole supported the Partition. While in India right-wing Hindus blame Muslims for being traitors to the nation and constantly doubt their loyalty, in Pakistan the national narrative thrives on projecting the demand for Pakistan as rooted organically in the Islamic psyche and ethos – to create the Islamic state as part of religious obligation. Consequently, in Pakistan the creation of Pakistan is considered inevitable.
Dr Shamsul Islam’s path-breaking work is a most welcome corrector of this false perception prevalent in both countries. The book covers a great deal of ground and a very useful chapter entitled, ‘Muslim Patriotic Individuals and Organisations’ provides an inventory which can be very handy for further research on this theme. Another chapter presents poetry written by Muslims who opposed Partition.

शम्सुल इस्लाम की भारत विभाजन पर पुस्तक पर चर्चा [Video]

शम्सुल इस्लाम की पुस्तक 'भारत विभाजन विरोधी मुस्लमान: देशप्रेमी मुसलमानों की अनकही दास्तान' पर चर्चा
(सत्य हिंदी-शम्सुल इस्लाम, आशुतोष और
आलोक जोशी)
Discussion on Dr. Shamsul Islam’s book  MUSLIMS AGAINST PARTITION OF INDIA: REVISITING THE LEGACY OF PATRIOTIC MUSLIMS on सत्य हिंदी (Shamsul Islam, Ashustosh & Alok Joshi)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fx0LRMvwwH8&t=228s

AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH, HINDI, URDU, BENGALI, PUNJABI & MARATHI
Muslims Against Partition of India: Revisiting the Legacy of Patriotic Muslims (4th  Edition)
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भारत-विभाजन विरोधी मुसलमान (Hindi) Bharat-Vibhajan Virodhi Musalmaan  (1st Edition)

Author: Shamsul Islam
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Taqseem-e-Hind Ke Mukhalif Musalmaan (Urdu) تقسیمِ ہند کے مخالف مسلمان
Author: Shamsul Islam
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ਭਾਰਤ-ਵੰਡ ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ Bharat-vand Virodhi Musalman (Punjabi)
Author: Shamsul Islam
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Author: Shamsul Islam
ভারতরভঙ্গ-বিরোধী মুসলিম জনমত Bharat Bhang Virodhi Muslim Janmat (Bengali edition of MUSLIMS AGAINST PARTITION OF INDIA)
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This book is available in Marathi also, translated by renowned Marathi literary figure, Hira Janardan ji. For procuring a copy, please, contact:
Price : ३५०/-
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विंऩकद : ८४५४०४९०३६ । ०२२-२४३७६०४२

आरएसएस-भाजपा द्वारा पोषित और प्रायोजित उपद्रवी तत्वों ने जिन्नाह की तस्वीर को मुद्दा बना कर अलीगढ़ मुस्लिम विश्वविद्यालय (अमुवि) पर बीते दिनों जो हमले किए, उनके बाद दो-क़ौम सिद्धांत या दो-राष्ट्र सिद्धांत (इस के अनुसार हिन्दू धर्म और इस्लाम के अनुयायी दो अलग राष्ट्र या क़ौमें हैं) एक बार फिर चर्चा के केंद्र में है। विश्वविद्यालय छात्र संघ कार्यालय में मुहम्मद अली जिन्नाह की यह फोटो बीते 80 सालों से लगी है, जिस पर आपत्ति कर हिंदुत्व ब्रिगेड अपनी कुटिल परंपरानुसार मुसलमानों की देशभक्ति पर सवाल खड़े कर रही है। हैरान करने वाली बात यह है कि यह काम बीएस मुंजे, भाई परमानंद, विनायक दामोदर सावरकर, एमएस गोलवलकर और अन्य हिंदू राष्ट्रवादियों की परंपरा के वारिस कर रहे हैं, जिन्होंने न केवल दो क़ौमी सिद्धांत की अवधारणा प्रस्तुत की बल्कि उन्होंने आक्रामक रूप से मांग की कि मुसलमानों को भारत जो हमेशा से हिंदू राष्ट्र रहा है से निकाल दिया जाए, । इस टोली का आज भी विश्वास है कि हिंदू व मुसलमान दो अलग राष्ट्र हैं। भारत के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य पर जिन्नाह या मुस्लिम लीग का उद्भव होने से बहुत पहले आरएसएस के लोग, जो आज सत्तासीन हैं, सतत् यह मांग करते आए हैं कि मुसलमानों व ईसाइयों से नागरिक अधिकार छीन लिए जाने चाहिएं।
दो क़ौमी सिद्धांत पर यह निबंध इस उद्देश्य से लिखा गया है कि इस सिद्धांत के जन्म, विकास, मौजूदा चलन और इस से जुड़े पूरे विमर्श को भली-भाँती समझा जा सके और किस तरह हिन्दुत्वादी शासक टोली इस कुत्सित सिद्धांत को देश बाँटने  के लिए लागू कर रही है, उस साज़िश को जाना जा सके।

GUILTY MEN OF THE TWO-NATION THEORY: A HINDUTVA PROJECT BORROWED BY JINNAH
After the recent attack on Aligarh Muslim University by the Hindutva hoodlums sponsored by RSS/BJP leaders on the issue of Jinnah, the Two-nation theory is once again centre of a fierce debate. The Hindutva gang is using the issue of a photo of MA Jinnah displayed in the student union office since last 80 years to question the loyalty of Indian Muslims. Interestingly, it is being done by the inheritors of the legacy of BS Moonje, Bhai Parmananda, VD Savarkar, MS Golwalkar and others Hindu nationalists who not only propounded the Two-nation theory (aggressively demanding that Muslims should be ousted from India which was primordially a Hindu nation) but still believe that Hindus and Muslims are two different nations. It was long before the appearance of the Muslim League or Jinnah on the political scene of India. The RSS whose cadres rule India today continue demanding de-nationalization of Muslims and Christians from India.
This READER on the Two-nation theory has been penned on the demand of friends from world-over so that one can have an authentic and systematic understanding of the whole discourse on the Two-nation theory from its birth to the present day.

Commemorating the 163rd anniversary of 1857 War of Independence
Let not the Hindutva rulers undo the great heritage of joint sacrifices
Large sections of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs unitedly challenged the greatest imperialist power, Britain, during India’s First War of Independence which began on May 10, 1857; the day being Sunday. This extraordinary unity, naturally, unnerved the Firangees and made them realize that if their rule was to continue in India, it could happen only when Hindus and Muslims, the largest two religious communities were divided on communal lines. Urgent steps were taken to create enmity between these two. This was the reason, that immediately after crushing militarily this liberation war the then minister of Indian Affairs Lord Wood, sitting in London confessed:
"We have maintained our power in India by playing off one part against the other and we must continue to do so. Do all we can, therefore, to prevent all having a common feeling."
In order to put this strategy in operation, the White rulers in league with their Indian stooges came out with the two-nation theory implying that Hindus and Muslims belonged to two separate nations. The birth of the two-nation theory was no accident, in fact, it was specifically created to help the British rulers in creating communal divide and fragmentize the Indian society on the basis of religions as unity of Hindus and Muslims could prove to be the death knell of their rule.
One truth, never to be missed, about this Struggle is that it was jointly led by leaders like Nana Sahib, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Maulvi Ahmed Shah, Tantya Tope, Khan Bahadur Khan, Rani Laxmibai, Hazrat Mahal, Azimullah Khan and Ferozshah, a galaxy of revolutionaries who belonged to different religions. It was a liberation struggle in which Maulvis, Pandits, granthis, zamindars, peasants, traders, lawyers, servants, women, students and people from different castes, creeds and regions rose in revolt against the dehumanized rule of the East India Company and laid their lives.
On the eve of 163rd anniversary of War of Independence we need to tell the present flag bearers of Hindu-Muslim brands of communal politics that the revolutionary army which declared the Mughal King Bahadur Shah Zafar, a Muslim, India’s Independent ruler on 11th May 1857 comprised of more than seventy percent Hindu soldiers, all armed. These were Nana Sahib, Tantya Tope and Laxmibai, all Hindus, played vital role in making Zafar, Badshah; the King once again.
The contemporary documents of the period which are available even today are replete with instances, not confined to one particular area, in which Hindus and Muslims could be seen making supreme sacrifices unitedly. The War of Independence categorically presented one fundamental truth that Hindu-Muslim separatism or hatred between these two communities was not at all an issue.
LINK FOR HINDI VERSION: https://www.satyahindi.com/opinion/india-first-freedom-struggle-163-anniversary-hindu-muslim-sikh-unity-against-division-109723.html

सावरकर–हिन्दुत्व मिथक और सच (Hindi)
http://www.amazon.in/dp/8172211104
This book is based on the contemporary primary sources.

This book is also available in English (Media House, Delhi), Marathi (Sugwa Praksahan, Nagpur) and Telugu (PDSU, Hyderabad).

1857 स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की 167 वीं सालगिरह पर:
साझी विरासत जिसका हिन्दुत्वादी टोली मालियामेट करने में लगी है
10 मई 1857, दिन रविवार को छिड़े भारत के प्रथम स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में देश के हिंदुओं, मुसलमानों और सिखों ने मिलकर विश्व की सबसे बड़ी साम्राज्यवादी ताक़त को चुनौती दी थी।  इस अभूतपर्व एकता ने अंग्रेज़ शासकों को इस बात का अच्छी तरह अहसास करा दिया था कि अगर भारत पर राज करना है तो हर हालत में देश के सब से बड़े दो धार्मिक समुदायों; हिंदू-मुसलमान के बीच सांप्रदायिक बँटवारे को अमल में लाना होगा और देश के इन दो बड़े धार्मिक संप्रदायों के बीच दूरी पैदा कराने के लिए भरसक प्रयास करने होंगे। यही कारण था कि संग्राम की समाप्ति के बाद इंग्लैंड में बैठे भारतीय मामलों के मंत्री (लॉर्ड  वुड) ने भारत में अंग्रेज़ी राज के मुखिया (लॉर्ड एल्गिन) को यह निर्देश दिया कि अगर भारत पर राज करना है तो हिंदुओं और मुसलमानों को लड़वाना होगा और ‘‘हम लोगों को वैसा सब कुछ करना चाहिए, ताकि उन सब में एक साझी भावना का विकास ना हो।’’
इस दर्शन को अमल में लाने के लिए गोरे शासकों और उनके भारतीय चाटुकारों ने यह सिद्धांत पेश किया कि हिंदु और मुसलमान हमेशा से ही दो अलग क़ौमें रही हैं। सच तो यह है कि सांप्रदायिक राजनीति को हवा देना और भारतीय समाज को धर्मों के आधार पर बाँटना अंग्रेज़ो की एक मजबूरी बन गया था। 1857 के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में, जिसको अंग्रेज़ शासको ने ‘फ़ौजी बग़ावत’ का नाम दिया था, हिंदुओं-मुसलमानों-सिखों के व्यापक हिस्से एकजुट होकर ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के शासन के खि़लाफ इतनी बहादुरी से लड़े और कुर्बानियां दीं कि फ़िरंगी शासन विनाश के कगार पर पहुंच गया। हालाकि अंग्रेज़ जीत गए लेकिन यह गद्दारों और जासूसो द्वारा रचे गए षड़यंत्रों की वजह से ही संभव हो सका।
इस महान स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की यह सच्चाई किसी से छुपी नहीं हैं कि इसका नेतृत्व नानासाहब, दिल्ली के बहादुरशाह ज़फ़र, मौलवी अहमदशाह, तात्या टोपे, खा़न बहादुरखान, रानी लक्ष्मीबाई, हज़रत महल, अज़ीमुल्लाह खा़न और शहज़ादा फिरोज़शाह ने मिलकर किया। इस संग्राम में मौलवी, पंडित, ग्रंथी, ज़मींदार, किसान, व्यापारी, वकील, नौकर, महिलाएं, छात्र और सभी जातियों-धर्मों के लोग भी शामिल हुए और जानों की कुर्बानियां दीं।
हिंदू-मुस्लिम सांप्रदायिकता के मौजूदा झंडाबरदारों को इस ऐतिहासिक सच्चाई से अवगत कराना ज़रूरी हैं कि, 11 मई, 1857 को जिस क्रांतिकारी सेना ने मुसलमान बहादुर शाह ज़फ़र को भारत का स्वतंत्र शासक घोषित किया था, उसमें 70 प्रतिशत से भी ज्यादा सैनिक हिंदू थे। बहादुरशाह ज़फ़र को बादशाह बनाने में नाना साहब, तात्या टोपे और लक्ष्मीबाई ने महत्तवपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी।
1857 के संग्राम से संबंधित समकालीन दस्तावेज़ देश के चप्पे-चप्पे पर घटी ऐसी दास्तानों से भरे पड़ें हैं, जहां मुसलमान, हिंदू और सिख इस बात की परवाह किए बिना, कि कौन नेतृत्व कर रहा है, और कितनी भारी कीमत चुकानी पड़ सकती है, एक होकर लड़े और 1857 की जंगे-आज़ादी में एक साथ प्राणों की आहुति दी। उस समय की सच्चाईयां बहुत स्पष्ट रूप से यह बताती हैं कि हिंदू-मुसलमान पृथकतावाद और दोनों संप्रदायों के बीच विद्वेष का अस्तित्व उस समय एक समस्या के रूप में मौजूद नहीं था।

Review in the Jana Sangh Today which is the English organ of RSS pracharak Balraj Madhok led Jana Sangh. The critique starts with the following statement:
The title of the book Muslim Against Partition by Shamsul Islam published recently is intriguing. Does it mean that Muslim leaders who fought for the creation of a separate homeland for the Indian Ummah did not exist? Does it mean that if they did exist, they did not make statements in favour of creation of Pakistan? Should we disbelieve the statements made by such Muslim eminences like Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Mohsinul Mulk, Justice Ameer Ali, Maulana Mohammed Ali, Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Chaudhary Rahmat Ali, Sir Aga Khan and, Quai-de-Azam Jinnah, and Professor M. Mujeeb to recall a few, in this respect?
S. Islam's comment:
This book aimed at exposing the claim of Muslim nationalists led by MA Jinnah that all Muslims supported the demand of Pakistan and believed in the two-nation theory. I also put across the historical fact based on the contemporary documents that if there were Muslims who believed that Muslims & Hindus could not as a homogenous nation there were also Hindu individuals & organizatiuons like RSS, Arya Samaj and Savarkar led Hindu Mahasabha who as Hindu nationalist believed in the same kind of religious separatism. In fact, the theory that Hindus & Muslims were two separate nations was propounded by Hindu nationalists at the end of 19th century. Hindu-Muslim communalisms did not represent their respective communities but exclusiveness of sections of Hindus and Muslims who were opposed to united India. The fight was not between Hindus & Muslims but Hindu nationalism and Muslim nationalism subserving the interest of colonial rulers. Unfortunately, the reviewer has quoted Muslim nationalists from my book but not innumerable patriotic Muslims who opposed Muslim separatism even by laying down their lives. I would like to remind the reveiwer that though Hindu-Muslim nationalist were shedding each others blood on streets but they [Muslim League & Hindu Mahasabha supported by RSS] also ran coalition governments in Sind, Bengal and NWFP in 1942 when Congress was banned. Both served the British masters by joining hands whenever later desired and together opposed an all-inclusive India.