Vegetarians

This study provides insight into differences and similarities in the mindset and motivation of four dietary groups (young self-declared vegetarians, low, medium and high meat-eaters) to support the development of strategies for a general transition to a less meat-based diet. The paper highlights the value of the identity concept for our understanding of both vegetarians and meat eaters. The analysis involves a comparison of the four dietary groups focusing on the strength and the profile of their food-related motivation and their reasons for and against frequent meat eating. To check for the generalizability of the results, the analyses were performed in two samples of adults (aged 18-35) in the Netherlands (native Dutch, n = 357, and second generation Chinese Dutch, n = 350). In both samples, the vegetarians had the same level of food-related motivation as the other groups, but a different motivational profile and distinctive, taste- and animal-welfare related reasons to justify th...

Ann Wigmore (1909 – 1994) was a Lithuanian–American "holistic health" practitioner, nutritionist, whole foods advocate, author, and doctor of Divinity. Wigmore wrote several books on her theories and lectured widely to promote her practices.
On February 16, 1994, Wigmore died of smoke inhalation from a fire that destroyed the Boston site of the original Hippocrates Health Institute.[citation needed]
Today, her methods are still being promoted in Aguada, Puerto Rico at the Ann Wigmore Natural Health Institute, in Florida at the Hippocrates Health Institute under the leadership of Dr. Brian Clement, and in various other "alternative medicine" resorts.

In 1968, Ann Wigmore co-founded the Hippocrates Health Institute,  a health resort in the United States, with Viktoras Kulvinskas.  Known by some in that movement as "the mother of living foods", she was an early pioneer in the use of wheatgrass juice and living foods for detoxifying and healing the body, mind, and spirit.

In her autobiography, Why suffer?: How I overcame illness & pain naturally, Wigmore recounts observing her grandmother using herbs and natural remedies as a child in Lithuania.

Figures like Voltaire and Rousseau are sometimes cited as examples of vegetarians in 18th century France. But were they?  Poverty and religious requirements certainly compelled some to follow a meatless diet, but was anyone who did so guided by a coherent philosophy or theory? This paper explores these questions.

According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer accounts for ∼27% of all incident cancer cases among men and is the second most common (noncutaneous) cancer among men. The relation between diet and prostate cancer is still unclear. Because people do not consume individual foods but rather foods in combination, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and prostate cancer risk. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns (nonvegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and prostate cancer incidence among 26,346 male participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. In this prospective cohort study, cancer cases were identified by matching to cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate HRs by using age as the time variable. In total, 1079 incident prostate cancer cases were identified. Around 8% of the study ...

What does one do when unseen wickedness appears?  Oppositely the presence of warmth and love is associated with light and truth.  Yet there is an element of unseen spiritual realm that is wicked and where evil prevails upon that region.  In 2003 evil showed up.  We had just been given an Angelic visit where we were informed in a powerful message about the specific "Purification Vessel, Formed by the LORD, Painted by Moses, Used by Aaron, Over 3,300 years."  We were also informed that the sacred Vessel of Moses was to be returned to Jerusalem for removing idolatry.  There were three of us and we all knew that there was an enormous army of wicked spirits outside of our house.  We could sense upon our pleasant thoughts the assaults of their sneering, their sarcasm, their foul expressions.  That much spiritual darkness that would be directly assaulting 'fire darts' and definitely violating our peaceful home came from Jerusalem, we were absolutely convinced.  The declaration remains:
"A shadow is resting over Jerusalem, a terrible shadow, which none should have any desire to come under.  Everywhere a curse is visible, which none should have any desire to look upon.  One can see marks of the curse everywhere.  Do not wish to look upon the desecrated shrines, with all the repulsive features that would meet one's view.  Behold the traces of the curse so evidently resting upon Jerusalem, of idolatrous Roman occupation."
At that time, a word of prophecy was given to us about the importance of dipping the unleavened bread into the pure grape juice to vanquish the enemy.  We really learned that if any dark evil presence was lurking, we could run to the freezer, get the flax-spelt cookie-like unleavened bread and dip it 7 times into the grape juice and immediately the evil was vanquished.  This prompted our study into locating specific instructions within the ancient Hebrew text for dipping an unleavened spelt bread into grape juice as a Heaven sent remedy to go to battle against unseen wickedness. 
One event was vivid where we were finally launching online the manuscript of the Unleavened Bread and Grape Juice ceremony as the remedy of Heaven against wickedness.  It felt like all the spiritual agents of evil darkness had shown up.  The battle was severe in the unseen realm yet directly affecting our lives.  We were praying, crying out, and claiming Scriptural promises. When the last SEND was posted online, the battle ended.  Evil darkness fled and we looked at each other in shock wondering what had just happened over several hours.  At that time we did not understand everything however, we knew that dipping the unleavened bread was very powerful when dipped 7 times into the pure grape juice.  Evil fled every single time.  It was dramatic and we knew that we would want to know where in the Scriptures this principle was taught.  From the time we had first looked into the subject, the subject still continues to unfold  in layers of knowledge.  It has taken 15 years of full time studies to comprehend the matter and also see the witness of the proof of a Heaven sent vanquishing of evil by restoring proper worship of the Creator GOD by implementing HIS Covenant Meal to cleanse the sanctuary of errors, mistakes, and knowing what offering to bring forth for removing wicked violence. 
It is time for the Tabut of Musa and Harun to be returned to Jerusalem for the sacred duties!

Chronique du livre "Antispéciste" dont l'auteur est le journaliste Aymeric Caron, paru aux éditions Don Quichotte en avril 2016, puis dans la collection Points documents, en septembre 2017.
« Antispéciste nous invite à changer nos logiciels et à repenser notre place sur terre »
Le Point
On ne peut que recommander fortement la lecture de Antispéciste car ce livre est
éminemment utile pour favoriser l’éveil des consciences.

To evaluate the feasibility of substituting eggs in yellow cake by a mixture of soybean proteins, plant polysaccharides, and emulsifiers, the batter properties, including specific gravity and viscosity; cake properties, including specific volume, texture, colour, moisture, microstructures, and structural properties of starch and glutens of the replaced cake and traditional cake containing egg, were evaluated. Replacing eggs with a soy protein isolate and 1% mono-, di-glycerides yielded a similar specific volume, specific gravity, firmness and moisture content (1.92 vs. 2.08cm(3)/g, 0.95 vs. 1.03, 319.8 vs. 376.1g, and 28.03% vs. 29.01%, respectively) compared with the traditional cakes baked with eggs. Structurally, this formulation comprised dominant gliadin aggregates in the size range of 100-200nm and glutenin networking structures containing fewer but larger porosities. The results suggest that a mixture of soybean proteins and emulsifier is a promising substitute for eggs in ca...

This article is part of a project that is studying the beginnings of vegetarianism and naturism in Portugal. It contextualizes the connection between the two realities, then ascertains how widely naturist ideas were spread in Brazil, especially in the Pará region, through the establishment of a short-lived naturist colony in Boim (on the Tapajós river) and the abortive plans to create one on the outskirts of Belém. Other efforts to spread vegetarian and naturist ideas included the importing of Portuguese magazines and books and the founding of vegetarian and naturist societies in different Brazilian towns and cities. It is therefore important to problematize and interpret these paths through unpublished sources.

The Boston Vegetarian Society (BVS) began in 1986. In 1998, it was incorporated in Massachusetts as an educational non-profit. In July 1998, it was granted 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status by the IRS.

The BVS provides info on events and related organizations, hosts the annual Boston Vegetarian Food Festival (BVFF), holds cooking classes, and promotes vegetarianism through mass transit advertising, outreach at fairs and festivals, and monthly free educational seminars which since their beginning have attracted some of the best-informed and most popular leaders and voices in the vegetarian and vegan movement.  BVS "seeks to make a better world for people, animals, and the earth through advancing a healthful vegetarian diet and a compassionate ethic."  BVS provides education, encouragement, and community support for vegetarians and for anyone wishing to learn more about a healthy, environmentally friendly, and humane way of life.  According to several member's reports and earlier versions of the BVS website:

BVS is an all-volunteer organization with membership open to anyone who supports its purposes.

BVS events are open to members and non-members.

When it was first incorporated, its voting membership was open to vegetarians and non-voting membership was open to non-vegetarians. However, around 2009, the BVS Board voted to confine voting membership to Board members so that it could maintain its IVU membership without presenting a two-tiered membership to supporters. IVU member societies are required to vest all executive (decision-making) authority exclusively in vegetarians, defined as lacto-ovo (or stricter) vegetarians. Verification is difficult in organizations with two-tiered membership based upon self-reported behaviour.

All Food at BVS is vegan and alcohol-free, according to the earliest documents (bylaws and articles of incorporation) of the Boston Vegetarian Society.

Boston Vegetarian Society and its programs are run by an all-volunteer Board. Members do not have voting rights.

Boston Vegetarian Food Festival (BVFF)

Since 1996, the Boston Vegetarian Society has annually hosted the Boston Vegetarian Food Festival (BVFF) in October or November.

It was first held on May 5, 1996, at the Howard W. Johnson Athletics Center at MIT because MIT graduate students affiliated with the MIT Vegetarian Support Group (VSG) (as of 2010 renamed MIT Vegetarian Group) provided a substantial proportion of the initial organizing effort.  In addition, in October of that year, they held a World Vegetarian Day celebration outdoors on the Boston Common.

The second BVFF, in October 1997, was held at Bunker Hill Community College.  This combined as one combined event their indoor vegetarian food festival and the sense of the World Vegetarian Day event, since the combined event would be perpetually held around October or November.

Since 1998, it has been held at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center in the Roxbury Crossing section of Boston, across the street from Roxbury Community College and the Mosque for the Praising of Allah of the Islamic Society of Boston.

Beneficial effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on health outcomes have been supposed in previous studies. Aim of this study was to clarify the association between vegetarian, vegan diets, risk factors for chronic diseases, risk of all-cause mortality, incidence and mortality from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, total cancer and specific type of cancer (colorectal, breast, prostate and lung), through meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was conducted. Eighty-six cross-sectional and 10 cohort prospective studies were included. The overall analysis among cross-sectional studies reported significant reduced levels of body mass index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels in vegetarians and vegans versus omnivores. With regard to prospective cohort studies, the analysis showed a significant reduced risk of incidence and/or mortality from ischemic heart disease (RR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.82) and inci...

The effects of long-term omnivore, ovo-lacto vegetarian and vegan diets on the occurrence of 12 antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in the human gut was studied. The faeces of 144 healthy volunteers recruited from Turin, Bari, Bologna and Parma were screened for the occurrence of genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, vancomycin and β-lactams. Overall, erm(B), tet(W) and tet(M) were detected at the highest frequency. A low effect from the diet on the AR gene distribution emerged, with tet(K) and vanB occurring at a lower and higher frequency in vegans and omnivores, respectively. A correlation of the intake of eggs, milk from animal source and cheese with an increased occurrence of tet(K) was observed, together with a higher incidence of vanB in consumers of eggs, poultry meat, fish and seafood. When the detection frequencies of AR genes in volunteers from Bari and the other sites were comparatively evaluated, a north-to-south gradient was ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein intake of vegetarians and non-vegetarians in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Methodology: Four objectives and four research questions guided the study. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 400 respondents was selected using Taro Yamene formula and purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire tagged: Protein Intake of Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians in Port Harcourt Questionnaire (CPIBVNVQ). The instrument was validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.56. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and findings were presented on tables. Results: Prevalence of vegetarianism was high in females (53%) than in males (47%). Protein intake by the vegetarians was high (97%) when compared with vegetarians who do not eat proteinous foods (3%). Among the non-vegetarians, 94% eat proteinous foods ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein intake of vegetarians and non-vegetarians in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Methodology: Four objectives and four research questions guided the study. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 400 respondents was selected using Taro Yamene formula and purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire tagged: Protein Intake of Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians in Port Harcourt Questionnaire (CPIBVNVQ). The instrument was validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.56. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and findings were presented on tables. Results: Prevalence of vegetarianism was high in females (53%) than in males (47%). Protein intake by the vegetarians was high (97%) when compared with vegetarians who do not eat proteinous foods (3%). Among the non-vegetarians, 94% eat proteinous foods while 6% do not eat. The study also showed that protein intake is better in non-vegetarians than vegetarians. Higher percentages of non-vegetarians (84.3%) fell sick and got diagnosed of ailments as compared with 17.4% for vegetarians suggesting that the vegetarians experience enhanced immune function. 34 Reduced saturated fat and blood cholesterol was a tool that influenced the respondents in choosing the vegetarian lifestyle with 82.5% for vegetarian and 13.8% for non-vegetarian. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was recommended that vegetarians should be encouraged to consume more plant proteins especially soy based foods since they are high biological value protein food comparable to animal products.

Among cancers in American women, breast cancer (BC) has the second highest incidence and mortality. The association of BC with diet has been inconsistent. Studies that evaluate associations with dietary patterns are less common and reflect an individual's whole diet. We associated dietary patterns with the risk of BC in American women of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2), a prospective cohort of 96 001 subjects recruited between 2002 and 2007. Answers to a previously validated FFQ were used to classify subjects to vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian and non-vegetarian dietary patterns. Incident BC were identified by matching AHS-2 subjects to data from forty-eight state cancer registries. Statistical analyses used proportional hazard regression analyses with covariates that were chosen a priori. From 50 404 female participants (26 193 vegetarians), we identified 892 incident BC cases, with 478 cases among vegetarians. As compared with non-vegetarian...