multivariate analyses

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in North American men. Currently available prognostic factors inadequately predict which cancers will be aggressive and which will lead an indolent course. This study was aimed at investigating the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in prostate cancer disease-free survival. We correlated MMP-2 expression by malignant prostatic epithelium and stromal cells with prostate cancer disease-free survival in 187 stage pT3NxM0 prostate carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 was expressed by cancer cells in 131 cases (70.0%) and by stromal cells in 142 cases (75.9%). MMP-2 expression by stromal cells was not associated with progression (P = 0.7270). However, in multivariate analyses, adjusting for the Gleason score, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and initial serum prostate-specific antigen, MMP-2 expression by >50% of malignant epithelial cells was associated with decreased disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 4.267; P = 0.0012). Increase...

A growing body of research suggests that the authoritative style of parenting is not always necessarily associated with optimum psychological and social outcomes among adolescents. This paper analyzed the relationships between parenting styles and adolescents' psychological adjustment using a two-dimension four-typology model of parenting styles, with the aim to determine which style of parenting Authoritative vs. indulgent was associated with optimum psychological adjustment outcomes among Spanish adolescents. Parenting styles were measured with the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (Rohner, 1990). The outcome measures were six indicators of psychological adjustment measured with the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Rohner, 1990). Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVAs) were conducted with a sample of 489 Spanish children. Results suggest that adolescents of indulgent families do perform equal or even better in measures of psychological adjustment tha...

In the present paper, we propose a novel cyber-attack detection model based on two multivariate-analysis methods to the audit data observed on a host machine. The statistical techniques used here are the well-known Hayashi's quantification method IV and cluster analysis method. We quantify the observed qualitative audit event sequence via the quantification method IV, and collect similar audit event sequence

Introduction Management of severe secondary peritonitis (SSP) may require intestinal resections and bowel exteriorization due to an unacceptable high risk for anastomotic dehiscence (AD). Bowel exteriorization can be achieved through loop or ...

The possibility of using an electronic nose or gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify ergosterol and colony forming units (CFU) of naturally contaminated barley samples was investigated. Each sample was split into three parts for (i) ergosterol and CFU analysis, (ii) measurements with the electronic nose and (iii) identification of volatiles collected on an adsorbent with a GC-MS system. Forty samples were selected after sensory analysis to obtain 10 samples with normal odour and 30 with some degree of off-odour. The data set of volatile compounds and the data collected from the electronic nose were evaluated by multivariate analyse techniques. SIMCA classification (soft independent modelling of class analogy) was used for objective evaluation of the usefulness of the data from the GC-MS or electronic nose measurements for classification of grain samples as normal or with off-odour. The main volatile compounds of grain with normal odour were 2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and nonanal, while 3-octanone, methylheptanone and trimethylbenzene were the main volatile compounds of grain with off-odours. Using data from the electronic nose three samples of 40 were misclassified, while data analysis of the volatile compounds detected with the GC-MS, led to six misclassified samples. Regression models (partial least-squares, PLS) were built to predict ergosterol- and CFU-levels with data from the GC-MS or electronic nose measurements. PLS models based on both GC-MS and electronic nose data could be used to predict the ergosterol levels with high accuracy and with low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). CFU values from naturally infected grain could not be predicted with the same degree of confidence.

We completed presence-absence and point-intercept surveys of benthic flora around four major islands of The Bahamas to determine the effects of various environmental features on benthic flora assemblages. Assemblages were analyzed at species and functional group levels of resolution. Multivariate analyses indicated that each island hosted a very distinct assemblage. Island-specific differences were ob- served along north-south and east-west gradients, suggesting that climate, geomorphology, and oceanogra- phy may play a fundamental role in shaping coastal benthic flora assemblages. Wave energy and substrate significantly affected the occurrences and/or abundances of benthic flora at Eleuthera and North Andros sites, with responses most often detected at the species level. The abundances of functional groups varied among different islands and, within North Andros, among different substrate and wave energy levels. Coastal terrestrial features related to nutrient and sediment regulatio...

A growing body of research suggests that the authoritative style of parenting is not always necessarily associated with optimum psychological and social outcomes among adolescents. This paper analyzed the relationships between parenting styles and adolescents' psychological adjustment using a two-dimension four-typology model of parenting styles, with the aim to determine which style of parenting Authoritative vs. indulgent was associated with optimum psychological adjustment outcomes among Spanish adolescents. Parenting styles were measured with the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (Rohner, 1990). The outcome measures were six indicators of psychological adjustment measured with the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Rohner, 1990). Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVAs) were conducted with a sample of 489 Spanish children. Results suggest that adolescents of indulgent families do perform equal or even better in measures of psychological adjustment tha...

Information from 363 convicted child molesters, housed in either a state correctional facility or an inpatient sex offender treatment program, was examined using legal, correctional, and treatment records to determine factors that differentiate violent child molesters from non-violent child molesters. Of this sample, 21% of the offenders were considered violent. Consistent with prior literature, multivariate analyses revealed that violent offenders were significantly younger, more likely to be unemployed, tended to be single, had committed their first sex crime at an earlier age, and had more total sex crime charges. Additionally, offenders were more sexually violent with strangers than immediate family members and with older victims compared to younger victims. Contrary to prior literature, violent child molesters were more likely to be married than divorced or widowed. These findings are particularly important considering the relationship between history of violence and recidivism...

The influence of gamma- (γ) and beta- (β) diversity on modern pollen rain is assessed using data from three Amazonian forests. Pollen rain of 79 forest locations was collected in modified Oldfield pollen traps between 1991 and 1993. Pollen diversity in the traps was high with > 280 palynomorph types recognized. Gamma diversity was assessed by comparing lowland terra firme forests in Cuyabeno, Ecuador, with two terra firme forests near Manaus, Brazil. The influence of β-diversity on local pollen rain was investigated using samples collected from neighbouring terra firme forests, seasonally flooded forests, and Mauritia-rich forests at Cuyabeno, Ecuador. Multivariate analyses revealed that γ-diversity produces a stronger signal in the pollen rain than β-diversity. However, β-diversity is accurately reflected in the pollen rain when the diversity is an expression of strong environmental gradients.

This study is concerned with the attribution of secondary students. Causal interpretations for academic success and failure were analysed to investigate the effect of gender, year level and achievement level on students’ academic attributions in Hong Kong, a Confucian Heritage Culture. The sample for the study comprised 14,846 students currently enrolled in Secondary 1 to Secondary 6 in Hong Kong.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In select patients, surgical treatment in the form of either resection or transplantation offers a curative option. The aims of this review are to (1) review the current American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines on the surgical management of HCC and (2) review the proposed changes to these guidelines and analyze the strength of evidence underlying these proposals. Three authors identified the most relevant publications in the literature on liver resection and transplantation for HCC and analyzed the strength of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) classification. In the United States, the liver allocation system provides priority for liver transplantation to patients with HCC within the Milan criteria. Current evidence suggests that liver transplantation may also be indi...