Power System Analysis Software

Successfully applied all over the world

Modules for Transmission

NEPLAN one of the most complete planning, optimization and simulation tool for transmission, distribution, generation and industrial networks.

Reliable Efficient User-friendly

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Data management
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Most intuitive Graphical User Interface Multi-document and multi-window system All equipment can be entered graphically and/or table oriented (like in a excel sheet) There is no restriction on drawing sizes and number of nodes and elements. Extensive editing functions like undo, redo, delete, copy, move and zoom for processing the network diagram are available. An element can be moved from one node to an other node without deleting the element. OLE functionality: Data and graphic can be moved to and from third party software (like MS-Excel, MS-Word). Project documentation was never easier. The equipment data are entered in dialogs, with plausibility checks provided. A coloring tool helps to show which data is needed for which analysis (e.g. short circuit, transient stability etc.) Integrated Variant Manager (insert, delete, append, compare variants, compare results, etc.). ASCII file or SQL database oriented import/export functions for exchanging network data, topology data and load data are available. Interfaces to external programs (e.g. measured data) can be implemented. Import of a geographic map as a background graphic, for easier schematic capturing. Import of almost any raster and vector graphic files (e.g. PCX and DXF files). Graphics can be exported as raster files (e.g. JPG, which can be used in any internet web browser). Option for combining and separating networks. Any number of independent network areas and zones are possible. Each element and node can belong to any independent area and zone. Extensive functions for network statistics and network documentations are available. A state of the art library manager with extensive libraries for each element type facilitates data entry. All computation modules access a shared database. Integrated chart manager allows to analyze and compare all results from all variants. Multi-lingual Graphical User Interface.

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Variant Management
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Non-redundant storage and management of variants. For each network, you can select * any desired switch states (topology file) * any desired loading states (loading file) For each network you can define and store any desired number of variants and subvariants (variant tree). In the variant data, only the differences from the parent variant are saved. Variants can be compared, merged and deleted. The diagrams of different projects and variants can be displayed at the same time Results from two different variants can be displayed on the diagram in one result label. Results of two variants can be compared in the chart manager.

Multi-Diagram and Multi-LayerTechnique

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A network can be entered in several different diagrams, so that the HV network, for instance, is in one diagram, and the MV network in one or more other diagrams. Each diagram can have any number of graphic layers. These layers can be colored, locked, hidden or shown. Zooming into stations: in the overview diagram, a station is shown as a black box, while in another diagram it is depicted in detail, with all its breakers, protective devices and instruments. Topological linkage of elements over more than one diagram. All diagrams will be considered for various analysis (e.g. load flow). One element can have more than one graphical representation in the same diagram or in different diagrams.

OLE copy/paste graphic data from and to MS-Word

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Auxiliary Graphics
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Auxiliary graphics can be used for documenting the diagram. Input of lines, rectangles, ellipses, arcs, ellipse sections, polygons, polylines, any kind of bitmap graphics. Input of user text with selectable character set. Color for background, foreground, line, outlines and fill patterns is user-selectable. Functions available for rendering overlapped symbol elements, rendering, alignment and rotation

Network Diagram Coloring

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Colors and line types can be freely selected. Elements overloaded after a load flow or short-circuit-current analysis are colorhighlighted. Isolated elements can be highlighted. Coloring options to distinguish userselectable network areas, zones, feeders, voltage levels, earthed or un-supplied networks and galvanic separated networks. Differences to the parent variant or the root net can be colored. Each element can be colored individually. User defined graphic layers can be colored. Coloring according to ranges. Many calculated variables can be colored according to their values (e.g. according to element losses or according to voltage drops) Results in tables and graphic charts, flow animation, background visualization, gauche, pie charts

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Symbol-Editor
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The user can create and define for each element type and node his own symbols. Any number of different symbols per element type or node can be defined. All symbols will be displayed while entering the diagram. Just drag and drop the desired symbol to the diagram On the diagram the symbols can be flipped, rotated and resized.

SQL Database Connection

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All element data can be imported and exported to any SQL database (like Oracle, MS-Access, etc.) SQL database includes all network equipment (HVDC, FACTS, protection devices, user defined data, etc.). The network topology can be stored. Graphic of the elements and nodes can be exported and imported. All data of all libraries can be imported and exported. Can be used as interface to existing GIS and NIS or DMS/SCADA systems. Very flexible storing and import features, like full import or only updating, storing only variant differences, network zones or areas, voltage levels, etc. Handles very large networks Partial reading of data fields (e.g. read only the line length but do not read the R and X values)

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Library Manager
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The comprehensive library manager is fully integrated. NEPLAN offers an extensive element library for lines, synchronous and asynchronous machines, transformers, harmonic current sources and motor characteristics. The user can create complementary libraries. While entering network data the data in the library can be accessed. Further more the data entered in the network, can be exported to the library. All network data can be updated with changed library data. The data can be entered through excel like table sheets. Import/export to MS-Excel with drag and drop. Import/export to any SQL database. Update functionality from/ to database is provided. Part of diagrams with all technical data can be stored in the library (e.g. used for IEEE control circuits).

Chart Manager
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The chart manager allows to display the results in different charts (e.g. line, bar, etc.). Any number of sub charts can be displayed in one chart. A user defined logo (as bitmap) can be added to the header for documentation purposes Results from different variants can be compared and displayed in the same chart. Export the chart to *.JPG file for any internet browser. Copy/paste to the clipboard for documentation (e.g. MS-Words).

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Data storing and Interfaces

NEPLAN stores all the network data, such as single line diagram, protection devices, controllers, calculation parameters and results in an internal database in order to handle in an easier and faster way the data. NEVERTHELESS represents NEPLAN a very open system. All NEPLAN data are accessible from external system. Principally there several ways to transfer data from or to NEPLAN:
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NEPLAN Programming Library (NPL) ASCII files (Excel) GIS/SCADA interface SQL database

NPL is a C/C++ API library, which includes functions to access NEPLAN data and calculation algorithms through a C/C++ user written program. More information could be found in a separate document.

The ASCII files allows to import/export all the

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electrical parameters of the primary elements, like lines, transformers, generators, motors, etc. load and measurement data as well as pre-defined load profiles protection device types and settings Harmonic currents and voltages Control circuit data (function blocks)

The GIS/SCADA interface is supported by many GIS manufacturers and is an ASCII file, which includes only the most essential information, such as graphic information, interconnection of elements, state of switches, type of elements and the line length. The electrical data are taken from the NEPLAN library.

GIS
DB
Developed by GIS manufacturer

Interface GIS/SCADA

Interface file
GIS Interface

NEPLAN Library

NEPLAN Results

Developed by BCP

NEPLAN

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Engstlatt

Germany

Station Kaisterfeld
France
Sierentz Schlattingen Gurtweil Riet Asphard Leibstadt Koblenz Weinfelden Muenchwilen Toess Lachmatt

Austria
Moerschwil Wittenwil

Ormalingen Birr

Regensdorf

Rupp

Seebach

Montlingen Waldegg Niederwil Oftringen Wollishofen Faellanden Auwiesen Aathal

Mambeli

Thalwil

Meiningen

Lindenholz Flumenthal Sursee

Obfelden

Altgass Pieterlen Samstagern Gerlafingen Siebnen

Westtirol

Littau

Ingenbohl

Mapragg Kerzers

Pradella Galmiz Plattis Rothenbrunnen Wattenwil

Mathod

Hauterive Wimmis Innertkirchen Ilanz

Filisur

Goeschenen

Vaux T.Acqua Gstaad

Banlieu La Veyre Botterens Ulrichen

Robiei Peccia Eysins Fiesch Ponte Bitsch Moerel Bavona Chavalon Piedilago Cavergno Iragna Robbia Biasca

Veytaux

Mese Cornier Bois Tollot

Sondrio

Foretaille Avegno Stalden Pressy Chandolin Serra Gorduno

Batiaz Magadino

Vallorcine

Pallanzeno

Musignano Bulciago

Valpelline

Italy

Avise

ZOOM into STATION Kaisterfeld

P=9.6 Q=10.7 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0 P=11.4 Q=13.3 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0 P=-49.0 Q=-19.1 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0 P=242.1 Q=74.1 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0 P=242.4 Q=74.1 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0 P=-660.1 Q=-270.0 Ploss=0.8 Qloss=67.3 Load=71.3

Sierentz 1

Kuehmoos 380 kV 2 3

P=660.9 Q=337.3 Ploss=0.8 Qloss=67.3 Load=74.2

220 kV A B

LindenholzEngstlatt LeibstadtTiengen

Gurtweil A

LAUFENB-TRAFO2 U=243.353
B

LAUFENB-TRAFO3 U=406.600

LAUFENB3 R U=414.144

P=660.9 Q=337.3 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

LAUFENB3 B U=406.600
P=-660.1 Q=-270.0 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

LAUFENB2 R U=243.353

LAUFENB2 B U=240.435

Asphard Bassecourt Oftringen220kV 380kV Muenchwilen Bickigen Goesgen

220kV 380kV Beznau

Breite

P=-148.2 Q=78.2 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=172.8 Q=85.3 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=70.9 Q=-58.4 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=119.0 Q=-121.4 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=37.2 Q=12.8 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=-105.3 Q=2.3 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

P=512.1 Q=8.0 Ploss=0.0 Qloss=0.0 Load=0.0

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

NEPLAN Modules
1

The power system analysis software NEPLAN consists of several modules, which can be bought individually. The modules can be grouped as follows:

Base Modules
Load Flow/Contingency Analysis Short Circuit Analysis Harmonic Analysis Motor Starting Analysis Line Parameter Calculation Network Reduction Investment Analysis (present value) Dynamic Simulator: RMS-Simulation Over current Protection Distance Protection Reliability Analysis NPL Programming Library (C/C++) Interfaces GIS/SCADA (SQL, ASCII)

Transmission Modules
Base Modules N-1 constrained Optimal Power Flow Available Transfer Capability Analysis (ATC) Dynamic Simulator: RMS, EMT, Phasor dynamics Voltage and Small signal Stability Day-Ahead Congestion Forecast (DACF) Asset Management (RCM) Grounding System Analysis

Distribution Modules
Base Modules Load Forecast / Load profiles Optimization of Distribution Network Assessment of network disturbances Optimal Feeder Reinforcement Optimal Capacitor Placement Phase Swapping Optimal Network Restoration Strategy Cable thermal analysis Low-voltage calculation Fault Finding Asset Management (RCM)

Industrial Modules
Base Modules Cable sizing Arc Flash Calculation Grounding System Analysis

NEPLAN Toolbox for Research

All Modules NPL Programming Library (C/C++) Matlab/Simulink Interface

Some of the modules are explained below. Please ask for more information or visit our Homepage www.neplan.ch .

Load Flow Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

General Characteristics
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Computation methods: Current Iteration, Newton Raphson, Extended Newton Raphson, Voltage Drop (per-phase), DC load flow 3-, 2- and 1-phase AC and DC systems for meshed, looped and radial networks from HV to LV Disperse generation models (wind power, photo voltaic, small hydro, geothermic, etc.) User-defined modeling with NEPLAN C/C++ API. Voltage and flow control with phase-shifting transformers. HVDC, PWM and FACTS devices, like SVC, STATCOM, TCSC, UPFC Node types: slack, PQ, PV, PC, SC, PI, IC with intuitive assignment. More than one slack node possible. Power interchange between area / zones (area interchange control) and distributed slack node Predefined and user defined scaling factors for fast load and generation variations Measurement data import and load balancing Calculation of loss sensitivities (PDTF-factors) Powerful convergence control with initialization file input / output Limit check and appropriate automatic conversion of the node type.

Load Flow Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Results
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Automatic display of results. Move and Delete function for result boxes. Self-defined result output: the user can select items, units, font, precision, placement. Overloaded elements or nodes with voltages outside predefined limits are highlighted. Line thickness corresponds to element loading. Results can be saved in a text file (ASCII). Table output: for the whole network, individually for each area / zone. Listing of power flows between area/zones, overloaded elements, sorting function, selective output. Table interface with MS-Excel.

Short Circuit Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

General Characteristics
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Standards IEC 60909, ANSI/IEEE C37.10/C37.13 IEC 61363-1 for off-shore/ship plants, IEC 61660 for DC networks 3-phase, 2-phase and 1-phase AC system or DC networks Superposition method with consideration of prefault voltages from a load flow. Computation of single-, two- (with and without earth connection) and three-phase faults. Option for computing user-defined fault types (e.g. double earth fault, fault between two voltage levels). Option for computing line faults (fault location on line userselectable). Computable fault current types: initial symmetrical short-circuit current and power, peak, breaking, steady state, thermal and asymmetrical breaking current, plus DC component. Computation of minimum/maximum short-circuit current. Accurate model for transformer earthing connection. Petersen coil tuning in resonance earthed networks Current limiting due to circuit breakers and MOV.

Line Coupling
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Mutual impedances and capacitances in the positive and negative-sequence systems are allowed for in short-circuit current computation. Circuit and coupling parameters of the overhead lines are computed from the conductor configuration. Overhead lines with up to 6 3-phase systems and 3 earth wires can be computed (earthing of 3-phase systems considered). Unrestricted number of overhead lines can be entered. Parameters and conductor configuration are saved in an SQL database.

Short Circuit Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Results
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Automatic display of results. Move and delete function for result boxes. Self-defined result output in regard to units, formats and fault current types. Results can be inserted either at the beginning and/or end node, or also in the element's center. In the event of a short-circuit, all overloaded pieces of equipment (current transformers, voltage transformers, circuit-breakers, etc.) are highlighted. Results can be saved in a result file (ASCII file) and in an SQL database. Result lists can be saved in text files. List output: sorted by voltage levels. Short-circuit impedance and all computable fault currents are output as phase values or as symmetrical components.

Motor Starting Analysis

Application: Distribution Industrial - Generation

Motor Starting Computation

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Simulation of motor start-up in unlimited networks. Simultaneous or time-delayed start-up for any desired number of motors. Identification of motor parameters using the least square method from input values for torque, current and cos(phi) in function of the slip. Different motor models, depending on the motor data entered. Saturation and eddy-current losses in the motor allowed for (linear or point-bypoint). Libraries for standard motor data, plus additional libraries for Me(s), I(s) and cosj(s) are available (can be extended by the user). Operating point computation for all nonstarting motors in accordance with their load characteristics (Newton-Raphson). Automatic tap changing transformers are allowed for after a user-defined time-delay. Load torque entered as a characteristic or as a linear or quadratic load torque curve. Libraries for load torques are available (can be extended by the user). Start-up devices are allowed for, such as star-delta starter, series resistor, transformer, soft starter, etc.

Voltage Drop
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Computation of voltage drop to the moment t = 0. Reduced data entry for motors and computation parameters. Non-starting motors can be simulated by a user-defined load PQ (constant power) or shunt. Overloaded elements, measuring instruments and protective devices or nodes with voltages outside a defined range are highlighted. Results of the voltage drop computation are displayed in the single line diagram. The motor data entered and the motor parameters computed can be accessed by clicking on the motor concerned in the single line diagram.

Motor Starting Analysis

Application: Distribution Industrial - Generation

Results
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Computation of voltage U(t) at predefined nodes. Computation l(t), P(t), Q(t) for each predefined element. Computation of motor current I, load torque M, electromagnetic torque Me, active power P and reactive power Q as functions of time, or of the slip for starting-up and non-starting-up motors. Graphical output of the characteristic curves and time characteristics, with automatic scaling of the axes. Dimensioning and colors can be altered. Result lists can be saved in text files. Results can be saved in result files for evaluation by means of spreadsheet programs (such as MS-Excel).

Harmonic Analysis
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial

General Characteristics
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3-phase, 2-phase, 1-phase AC systems. Planning of ripple control systems, dimensioning of compensators (SVC) and harmonic filters, determination of network impedance for sub-synchronous resonance or filter design. Frequency response of meshed networks. U-I and I-U sensitivity for each frequency. Distributed parameter line model applied. Computation of network impedance and harmonic level for each frequency and for each node. Frequency-dependence of elements is considered. Libraries available. Automatic frequency step length control during impedance computation to detect resonances. Calculation in the positive component system (symmetrical) or in the phase system Calculation of self- and mutual line impedances in function of the frequency Harmonic load flow (P, Q, I, U, losses) Results in frequency or time domain.

Harmonic Levels
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Current and voltage computation at all frequencies and at all predefined nodes and elements. Computation of r.m.s. values for harmonic voltages and currents with fundamental harmonic voltage or current taken from the Load flow (optional). Computation of total harmonic voltage factor in conformity with DIN/IEC and distortion factor in accordance with IEEE.
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Computation of telephone parameters (TIF, IT, KVT) or transformer k-factor. Comparison of computed harmonic levels with the limit values laid down in any standards desired. List output of ripple control currents and voltages at any desired frequencies and at each node and each element. Automatic entry of results in the single line diagram. Harmonic sum calculation: vectorial, geometric, arithmetic, acc. to IEC 1000-2-6

Harmonic Analysis
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial

Harmonic source
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Harmonic sources (current and voltage sources) are entered directly in the single line diagram. Libraries available Harmonic sources can be assigned directly to loads or any power electronic elements, such as Converter, SVC, PWM, etc. Unlimited number of harmonic sources (current/voltage) can be computed with each harmonic. Any harmonic can be handled, e.g. interharmonics due to saturation effects.

Filter Dimensioning
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Filter elements are transferred directly into the single line diagram. Filter elements: filters (normal, HP, C-filter), series RLCcircuits with or without earth connection, ripple control traps. Filters are dimensioned directly by the program. Filter data are listed or saved in a text file. Result lists can be saved in text files. Results can be saved in result files for evaluation by means of spreadsheet programs (like MS-Excel).

Selectivity Analysis
Application: Distribution Industrial - Generation

General Characteristics
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All types of protective devices with a current-time characteristic can be entered: fuses, circuitbreakers, definite-time and inverse-time over-current relays, electronic relays. Several protective functions can be assigned to each protective device: non-directional or directional over-current and earth-fault protection ). Exact modeling of setting ranges Extensive libraries with protective devices from a variety of manufacturers are available, and can be extended at will. Option for entering user-defined characteristics for simulating motor start-ups or thermal capability of conductors, transformers, etc. Characteristic can be shifted using a k-factor (inverse-time relay). Entry options for characteristics: point-by-point or formula in conformity with IEC or IEEE/ANSI. Simulation of fault clearing procedure in meshed networks, involves also distance protection.

Selectivity Analysis
Application: Distribution Industrial - Generation

Selectivity Diagram
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Protection device and current transformers are positioned in the network plan graphically. Automatic generation of selectivity diagrams based on s/c calculation Unrestricted number of characteristics can be incorporated in one diagram. Changing the relay settings directly in the selectivity diagram Unrestricted number of diagrams can be processed simultaneously. Selectivity analysis over more than one voltage level and independently of the network type and size involved. Two reference voltages for diagrams can be user-defined. Individualized coloring of the characteristics. No limit on number of diagrams and protective numbers for management. Export of complete diagram to Word etc. by clipboard or emf-files

Change of relay settings

Transferring Current Values

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Direct connection from short-circuit current and load flow module for transferring the currents. Unrestricted number of currents can be transferred into one diagram. Import/export functions.

Protection Libraries
NEPLAN offers extensive libraries with most used relays-, circuit breaker - and fuse-types. The libraries are constantly updated and extended. It will be handed out for free at the moment of a NEPLAN software purchase or can be downloaded anytime from the Internet by users with a valid maintenance contract.

Distance Protection
Application: Transmission Distribution

All types of distance protection relays (irrespective of the manufacturer) can be entered. Relays up to 4 impedance zones, 1 over reach zone, 1 backward zone and 1 auto-reclosure zone for line-line and line-earth faults can be defined. Start-up characteristics: Over current, angle dependent under impedance, R/X-characteristic, directional/bi-directional end time. Processes analog and binary signals and sends out binary signals during dynamic simulation. Binary signals can be: Blocking, Enable, Intertripping, Range Extension, External Starting, Auto-reclosure Blocking, etc, e.g. POTT (Permissive over-reach transfer tripping) and PUTT (Permissive underreach transfer tripping) can be simulated. Interaction between distance protection relay with any other relay type can be defined for dynamic simulation. Relay can be modeled within Matlab/Simulink or with NEPLAN function blocks for dynamic simulation. Input of any R/X-Characteristic: MHO, Circle, Polygone, Lens, etc. or defined by functions Modules for over current, power swing, pole sip. Interface to relay test devices. Import/Export of RIO-Format (Relay Interface by Omicron). Simulation of fault clearing procedure in meshed networks based on the short circuit module. It involves also over current protection.

Distance Protection
Application: Transmission Distribution

Automatic setting of the relays considering several methodologies (selectable). Mutual impedances and capacitances of the positive and zero sequence systems as well as the loading state of the network and infeeds are considered for calculating network impedances. Impedance/Reactance of the positive sequence system or the loop impedances are calculated for any short circuit type. Compensation factors due to zero sequence system impedance and mutual coupling are considered in calculating the loop impedances. Automatic and user-defined creation of selective tripping schedule. Tripping time will be displayed in the single line diagram and in tables after a short circuit calculation. All fault types, plus sliding faults of the short circuit module are allowed for. Fault location finding. Fault location will be displayed in the single line diagram or listed according to the previously measured impedance value. Tolerance will be considered. Interactive change of relay setting parameters and characteristics.

Display of all calculated impedances with the relay characteristics Impedances can be entered/displayed in primary or secondary values. CT and VT are considered.

- Zones are colored in the single line diagram for a predefined relay.

Reliability Analysis
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Probabilistic Reliability Analysis

Determining the frequency, average duration and cost of network component failures, leading to supply interruptions.

Consideration of
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Outage behavior (failure rate and repair times) of network equipment Network operation in normal state and for multiple order network contingencies Admissible short-time component overloading Protection concept including protection failures Realistic generation patterns and load curves

Reliability Analysis is imperative for

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Optimum asset allocation and cost-benefit analysis for investments in transmission and distribution networks Design and evaluation of innovative substation layouts Weak-point analysis in existing networks Design of automation concepts in public and industrial distribution networks Detailed and objective discussion of network connection concepts for high-demand customers and power plants Cost-effective mitigation of power quality problems (voltage sags) Add-on for NEPLAN-Main a tool to apply Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Strategy, which leads to substantial reduction of maintenance expenses

Reliability Analysis
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Procedure of Reliability Analysis

Relevant component failures
Single order contingencies:
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Second order contingencies:

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Stochastic failures Common-Mode failures Spontaneous protection tripping

Overlapping independent stochastic outages Failure occurring during the maintenance of the backup components Protection failure or overfunction Multiple earth-faults

Calculated results
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Frequency of supply interruptions Probability of supply interruptions Mean interruption durations Energy not served in time Interruption cost

fd qd Td Wd Cd

in #/yr in min/yr in hrs in MWh/yr in $/yr

Presentation of results
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Result values printed at load nodes in network plan Color shading of the network graph in dependence of the reliability results Various filter functions implemented for detailed analysis Integrated flexible diagram functions to visualize the calculation results Results fully exportable for use in tables and diagrams

Evaluation functions
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Consideration of power/energyspecific interruption cost Filter to investigate component contributions to load node interruptions Copying of diagrams into clipboard Shading of network diagram in dependence of load node results Analysis of system reaction after faults

Dynamic Simulator
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

The NEPLAN Dynamic Simulator is the most advanced on the market!

Simulator Modes
The NEPLAN simulator includes the following five calculation modes: RMS Transient Simulation in the DQ0 and ABC reference frame EMT Electromagnetic Transients Simulation in the DQ0 and ABC reference frame EMT Electromagnetic Transients Simulation using Dynamic Phasor Models.

The RMS mode is used for simulating the slower electromechanical transients, where the electrical model quantities are described by their fundamental frequency components. The EMT simulations are performed for the simulation of fast electromagnetic transients using instantaneous values. The simulation of symmetrical network conditions (e.g. 3-phase faults) in DQO mode is much faster than in ABC mode. However the modeling in ABC mode is more flexible and is the preferable mode if unsymmetrical network condition must be simulated. The use of Dynamic Phasor models is a completely new approach which is unique on the market. This mode allows the simulation of fast electromagnetic phenomena as accurate as in an EMT mode, but much faster. No more struggling with initialization, since the simulator has sophisticated built in initialization algorithms.

Dynamic Models - Matlab

Extensive library with many AC, DC and controller models, e.g. exciters, turbines, regulators. For researchers: Most effective and flexible development of customized models in Matlab . Existing Simulink controllers may be run together with NEPLAN Any variable (signal) of any component may be accessed to build up master controllers (e.g. wind park controllers or AGC - automatic generation control)

BUS3 3.3 kV u=100.32 %

BUS1 0.69 kV u=99.80 %

P=-0.341 MW Q=-0.073 Mvar L1 P=0.341 MW Q=0.092 Mvar

BUS2 0.69 kV u=101.28 %

P=-4.500 MW Q=-0.200 Mvar

NODE-R 3.3 kV u=8.03 %

G1d P=-0.341 MW Q=-0.264 Mvar P=-0.341 MW Q=0.000 Mvar P=0.341 MW Q=0.264 Mvar

DC 1.15 kV u=115.00 %

P=-0.341 MW Q=-0.092 Mvar

P=0.341 MW Q=0.000 Mvar

PWM-R

PWM-G

Rotor Side PWM - Controller

N-SIG1 N-CTRL1

Grid Side PWM - Controller

N-PWM-R

P1 Q1 IDR CROWBAR IQR VD1

P Q IDR MQ IQR MQ VD VQ MD MD

N-SIG2 VDC IQ1 Q2 VDC

N-CTRL2

N-PWM-G

MD IQ MQ Q

MD

MQ

CROWBAR

VQ1

Fig.: Customized Wind Power Controllers (PWM, DFIG)

Applications
Short-term, Mid-term and Long-term dynamic simulation. Sub-synchronous resonance with EMT simulation Load shedding and protection schemes HVDC, FACTS, SVC design and regulation Machine dynamics and startup simulations PSS tuning with Eigenvalue and Sensitivity analysis Automatic generation control (AGC)

Dynamic Simulator
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Protection Devices
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Min-max-relays (overcurrent, undervoltage, frequency,...): modeled with up to 4 tripping stages. E.g. various load shedding schemes may be simulated. Over current relays and fuses Pole slip relays, model includes binary input signals from external sources. Distance protection with any characteristic: pickup and tripping stages, impedance diagrams, binary input signals from external sources. User defined protection described by equations or function blocks

Disturbances
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Generation and storage of various disturbance cases. Each disturbance case may have more than one event. Definition of faults (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) on buses, bus elements, branches. Loss of generator excitation Different switching operations (feed-forward control in control circuits, cross coupling of protective devices, in/out of branches, etc.). Transformer tap modification. Load shedding scenarios (also in relation to frequency relay). Disturbances with function generators (step, ramp, sinusoidal function or combination). Start-up of motors with different start-up devices. User-defined disturbances (every variable can be modified in the network/control)

User-defined modeling in Dynamic Simulator

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Researcher and developers need to have the ability to define their own power system component models. That could be amongst others: - special load flow models - special dynamic models for machines or loads - controllers for wind power systems or FACTS devices - wide area network controllers - detailed model of protection devices - etc. NEPLAN offers excellent functionalities to develop such user defined models (UDM) and integrate them into an existing NEPLAN network model. Furthermore NEPLAN data may be accessed by a C/C++ API, the NEPLAN Programming Library (NPL). The model will be used in binary format, in order to protect the work and know how of the developer of such a UDM.
L5-2

Modelling for Researchers - Modelling with the C/ C++ API - Function block diagram editor - Modelling in Matlab with DSAR - Run NEPLAN and Simulink and use Simulink defined models and controllers

User-defined LF model controlling P=2 MW and I=20 A at line 4-8

P=-2.57 MW I=45.68 A

P=-7.17 MW Q=-10.81 Mvar P=3.76 MW I=35.20 A

LIN 2-4 2

THIRTEEN U=8.8 kV Uang=0.659

P=-3.76 MW I=35.24 A

P=7.17 MW I=853.54 A P=2.58 MW I=44.96 A

P=2.00 MW I=20.00 A TRA6 -13

FIVE U=65.3 kV Uang=-0.141

P=-2.58 MW I=44.96 A

LIN 4- 8

LIN 5- 6

P=-2.00 MW I=20.01 A

P=-7.15 MW I=111.62 A

1) Load flow models may be defined with the NEPLAN C/C++ API. Basically the load flow equations will be written in a C/C++ program. The compiled DLL file will then be assigned in the NEPLAN graphical editor. The dialog in NEPLAN show the parameters and signals which have to be defined for the model.
Exponential Recovery Load Model
Input

P=2.59 MW I=43.87 A

EIGHT U=65.0 kV Uang=-0.235

SIX U=65.7 kV Uang=-0.069

VT
VD1 Polar

Polar Input Power VQ1 LS

Ps
LAG

xp

P1

Output

xp

P1

2) With the NEPLAN function block drawing editor the user may define graphically new dynamic models for controllers as well as for primary components and loads. The example on the right shows an exponential recovery load model. 3) The models may be described directly in Differential Switched-Algebraic State Reset Equations (DSAR) in Matlab. The NEPLAN Matlab interface automatically generates a binary DLL file which may be assigned to user defined NEPLAN component. Parameters and external signals may be set in the NEPLAN dialog.
Input UDBlock( 2 x 1 ) VT Simulink EFD Output

Pt
Power

LT Source

P0

Qs
Power LAG

xq

Q1

Output

BS Source

xq

Q1

Q0 Power

Qt

BT

%----------DSAR model ------------f_equations: %-----------------------------------------dt(dVf)= 1/TR*(VT - dVf) dt(dEFD)= 1/TA*(KA*xtgr dEFD)*NOLIMIT dt(dxi)= xerr - xtgr if t < 0 dt(dVref) = VT - Vsetpoint else dt(dVref) = 0 end

DFIG User defined controller in ABC simulation mode

Input

4) It is possible to use directly the models and controllers from Simulink. Simulink and NEPLAN are the running at the same time and in each time step NEPLAN and Simulink exchange data.
Simulink Exciter Model

CT Saturation and Thermal Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Current Transformer Saturation

Saturation check according to
-

Vs Vs Ve Ve

Saturation Curve Saturation Curve

IEEE C37.110-1996 IEC 60044-1 2003

volts volts rms rms

Results
-

Individual check or all CTs together Check for 3-phase and 1-phase faults Saturation criterias according to standard are listed in tables

Ie amp rms 10 Ie amp rms 10

Plot of ideal and distorted secondary CT current

Thermal Line Analysis

Thermal short circuit capacity
-

DIN VDE 100 Part 540, IEC 865-1:1993 or ANSI Cable or overhead lines Worst fault location for thermal cable stress determined Permissible thermal cable current according to standards and line input values determined Tripping time of protection devices considered Permissible fault clearing time calculated Radial and meshed networks

Network Reduction
Application: Transmission Distribution

This module is designed to reduce the size of a network model by replacing sets of buses and the network elements (lines, transformers,...) that connect them with a smaller but exact, numerically equivalent network. For a properly chosen set of buses, this equivalent network will have fewer buses and branches than the original, yet still provide the correct response to faults or load flow calculations in the unreduced portion. The network can be reduced for symmetrical or asymmetrical short circuit calculations according to IEC909, IEC60909, ANSI/IEEE or superposition method and load flow calculation.

The reduced network gives the same short circuit or load flow results as the original network. Giving the nodes to be reduced, the program determines the boundary nodes automatically.

Network Reduction
Application: Transmission Distribution

Input
-

any network as for short circuit or load flow calculation nodes to be reduced during network reduction functions to select a complete network area to be reduced are available boundary nodes are determined automatically by the program

Output
-

shunt and series equivalents, which can be saved in the data base the shunt and series equivalents consists of data for the positive, negative and zero system dependent on the type of network reduction (load flow or short circuit) for load flow network reduction boundary injections and boundary generators are calculated

NEPLAN Programming Library

Application: Transmission - Distribution Industrial - Generation

NPL - NEPLAN Programming Library

The NPL NEPLAN Programming Library is a C/C++ API library, which includes functions to access NEPLAN data and calculation algorithms through a C/C++ user written program. Functions included among others are: Access any variable of any component Change any variable of any component Execute any analysis/calculation function Retrieve the calculation results Add new components to the network Delete components from the network Add and change the graphical information (x, y coordinates, symbols, etc.) of any component

NPL Library

C/C++ API developed by the Customer

TCP/IP Bus

SmartGrid Application

NEPLAN
working as Server

NPL - Applications
Many customized applications are possible: Implement NEPLAN with a NPL application in a SmartGrid environment Use NEPLAN in batch mode (e.g. running several load flows and short circuit calculations cases) Build customized interfaces (e.g. GIS, SCADA/DMS, DACF, CIM, etc.) Develop a network master controller with events (such as if u <90% switch on reserve generator) and run the application in a quasi stationary mode Checking protection behavior under various network conditions Use NEPLAN as server and connect NEPLAN to a TCP/IP bus. The client may send any NPL command to the NEPLAN server (e.g. run load flow, open switch, change load, etc) Use NEPLAN as On-line system and build a DMS application using the NEPLAN graphic editor and the analysis tools Researchers may even develop their own calculation algorithms (e.g. OPF, reliability, capacitor placement etc.) .. and much, much more..

NPL C++ Program example

//C ++ NPL Programm void RunTestNPL() { //Open a NEPLAN project file OpenNeplanProject(_T("NeplanDemoProject.nepprj")); //run initial load flow RunAnalysisLF(); //change the line length of line 'Line-1' to 0.5 km unsigned long ElementID=0; GetElementByName(_T("LINE"),_T("Line-1"), ElementID); if (ElementID > 0) SetParameterDouble(ElementID, _T("Length"), 0.5); //run load flow with changed line length RunAnalysisLF(); } This colour means these are C++ NPL library functions

On-line DMS application: Optimal restorations after a fault

Optimal Power Flow

Application: Transmission

General Characteristics
-

Control variables: active / reactive power generation, schedule voltages of generators and taps of ULTC-transformers, reference values of HVDC systems and FACTS (UPFC, STATCOM, SVC, TCSC) Variable limits for bus voltages, branch loadings, active and reactive power of generators Individual or general limits, consider/not consider limits function Objective function: apply to whole network / to a certain area or zone, minimize / maximize MW losses, Mvar losses, generation cost, MW import or Mvar import, MW Interface flow Multi objective function is possible (use of weighting factors) Security constrained optimization (with n-1contingency constraints)

Optimal Power Flow

Application: Transmission

Results
-

Automatic display of results. Optimization results (binding constraints, variables at limits, lambda multipliers, sensitivities, network controls, coloring of limiting network elements in the graphic) Move and Delete function for result boxes. Self-defined result output: the user can select items, units, font, precision, placement. Overloaded elements or nodes with voltages outside predefined limits are highlighted. Line thickness corresponds to element loading. Results can be saved in a text file (ASCII) Table output: for the whole network, individually for each area / zone. Listing of power flows between area/zones, overloaded elements, sorting function, selective output. Table interface with MS-Excel

Small Signal Stability

Application: Transmission

The NEPLAN Small Signal Stability module provides eigenvalue analysis (modal analysis) for electrical power systems. It combines exceptional ease of use with the latest techniques and standards in both electrical power engineering and software design.

Applications
-

Analysis of interarea oscillations Analysis of interplant oscillation Analysis of subsynchronous oscillations/resonance (SSR) Identification of groups and subgroups of machines swinging against each other Determination and improvement of power oscillation damping Design and placement of control equipment, such as power system stabilizers

Small Signal Stability

Application: Transmission

Main Features
-

Automatic construction of the linearized state space notation for the complete system, including generators, static loads, control circuits, etc. Advanced synchronous machine modeling: choose for every synchronous machine one of the five models infinite, classical, transient, subtransient and general. Saturation curves for both, d-axis and q-axis. Automatic calculation of eigenvalues, eigenvectors, mode shapes, participation factors for eigenvalues and state variables. Text results: results are presented in clear form and can be customized by several output options. Graphical results: results can be visualized by the fully integrated graphical results manager. Charts can be easily printed and exported to external programs (e.g. Microsoft Word) by clipboard functions. A variety of chart options is available. The only requirement is the NEPLAN load flow module. However, the Small Signal Stability and the Transient Stability (time simulation) module of NEPLAN complement each other ideally. The Small Signal Stability module is completely integrated in NEPLAN and uses standard dynamic element data (like the Transient Stability module).

Voltage Stability Analysis

Application: Transmission

As an integral part of NEPLAN software, the Voltage Stability module provides four approaches for static voltage stability analysis of power systems: V-Q curves, P-V curves, V-Q sensitivity analysis and Q-V eigenvalue analysis (modal analysis). This module allows examination of a wide range of system conditions. It is an ideal tool to provide much insight into the nature of voltage stability problems.

Applications
-

Identification of weak / not controllable / unstable areas Identification of weak and heavily loaded links Proper distribution of reactive reserves in order to maintain an adequate voltage stability margin Voltage sensitivity information Degree of voltage stability Most effective measures in improving voltage stability

Voltage Stability Analysis

Application: Transmission

Main Features
-

Automatic calculation of P-V curves, V-Q curves, dV/dQ self-sensitivities, dV/dQ mutual sensitivities, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, bus participation factors, branch participation factors and generator participation factors. Result tables: results are presented in clear form and can be exported by Copy-Paste-methods to external programs (e.g. MS-Excel). Graphical results: results can be visualized by the fully integrated graphical results manager. Export files: results are stored in text files for advanced data export. Charts can be easily printed and exported to external programs (e.g. MS-Word) by clipboard functions. A variety of chart options is available. Input: standard load flow input data

Available Transfer Capability Analysis (ATC)

Application: Transmission

Features
-

3x

17x

2x

Calculation of max. MW transfer between regions ETSO methodology (load flow based, MW generation shift) Large flexibility in limit handling (individual activation of limits) Consideration of user-defined contingency scenarios Consideration of TRM (Transmission Reliability Margin)

CH

+ MW

- MW

L NTC
Generation shift from source to sink

Results
Report for every step of MW transfer on:
-

Limit violations for base case Limit violations for each contingency case Calculation of TTC (Total transfer capacity) and NTC (Net transfer capacity)

MW TRM (Gen. Shift)max TTC NTC BCT 0

Day-Ahead Congestion Forecast (DACF)

Application: Transmission

Build UCTE files for different topology and loading network scenarios (cases). It can be used for importing UCTE files, running load flows for every hour of the next day and storing the load flow results in UCTE format or as a NEPLAN project.

Features
-

Import UCTE-formatted network data (own network, partner network data) Use of reference network data in case of missing partner files Check for errors and consistency of imported UCTE files Import topology and loading data for each hour of the next day Use of map files in order to export only certain HV nodes and lines from the detailed network model EASY HANDLING! All information is stored in the project, so that the overhead of restarting DACF computation each day is minimal.

Partner network data in UCTE format for hour h=124 Own topology and loading data for hour h=1...24

DACF

UCTE-formatted files with actual network state for hours 1...24

Neplan project files with the actual network state for hours 1...24

Results
-

Export UCTE-formatted data for own network for each hour of the next day. Each file corresponds to the load flow solution for the actual loading and topology state of that hour. Create a network model (NEPLAN nepprj file) for each hour of the next day. The user can edit and work on each NEPLAN file directly.

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Characteristics
GSA is computation code for design and analysis of low frequency grounding systems developed by SINT Informatica Srl. GSA considers both European standard CENELEC and American standard IEEE. GSA is able to analyse the performance of grounding systems of any shape with a high detail level. The numerical and graphical input data, the optimised and validated computation algorithms and powerful graphical facilities render GSA an indispensable tool for grounding system design and verification. GSA runs in a stand alone mode.

Input data
-

Electrical data (e.g. single phase to earth fault current, data for calculation of earthing current, intervention time of protections, reference standard, etc.) Geometrical data (e.g. grounding system layout, materials, etc.) Physical data (e.g. soil resistivity or apparent resistivity measured values, superficial thin layer characteristics, etc.)

Output results
-

Decrement factor (Df) as per IEEE standard Split factor (r) as per CENELEC standard or (Sf) as per IEEE standard Earthing current Minimum cross section of grounding system conductors for thermal specification Double layer model soil parameters from on site measurements values of apparent resistivity Reduction factor of touch and step voltages due to a superficial thin layer (Cs) as per IEEE standard Maximum permissible touch and step voltages as per CENELEC and IEEE standards Ground resistance and Ground Potential Rise values of either every grounding system or underground electrodes Leakage current density distribution with 3D graphical representation to verify the contribution and the efficiency of grounding system portions Ground potentials and touch and step voltages distributions on surface straight line or rectangular area by 2D or 3D coloured graphic representations, for individuation of hazardous potential areas List of material used for grounding system (wires and rods) Orthographic projections or isometric representations of grounding system

Main features
-

Possibility to choose the language (English / Italian / German) Finite element analysis of grounding systems of any shape, with choice of number of elementary sources to be considered Possibility to consider more than one grounding system on the same calculation, including for instance return electrodes, transmission line grounding systems or floating potential underground electrodes Characterization of soil as uniform or double layer model in addition with a superficial thin layer Possibility to consider electrodes encased in concrete or buried in treated soil to lower resistivity Libraries with typical resistivity values of soil and the most common types of surface layer materials Possibility to export the graphic outputs to other WINDOWS applications

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

User Interface

Resistivities of the double layer model

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Leakage current distribution

3D representation of earth surface potential distribution

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Line calculation Choice of line direction

Equi level curves of earth surface potential distribution

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Line calculation results

Areas where the touch voltages stay below the limits and where the step voltages are above the limits (2D representation)

Grounding System Analysis

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Areas where the touch voltages stay below the limits and where the step voltages are above the limits (3D representation)