% Valve

Flowrate (lbm/hr)
T1 (F)
T2 (F)
T3 (F)
T4 (F)
T5 (F)
T6 (F)
T7 (F)
T8 (F)

Countercurrent Flow
100
80
9060
7248
147.5200 144.1933
174.7198 172.2361
89.9462 89.7677
158.0654 153.1283
153.2674 148.9009
205.1264 205.8308
173.2097 171.0953
212.8901 213.2006

69
5440
139.2274
168.9335
89.8919
146.0935
142.1497
206.3799
167.8222
213.7111

40
3620
132.7463
164.8659
90.1424
136.2730
133.5888
208.0615
163.8985
215.3761

23.9
2170
125.1269
165.0212
89.8052
125.8074
124.3889
209.6422
165.4407
216.7815

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/hr)
T1 (F)
T2 (F)
T3 (F)
T4 (F)
T5 (F)
T6 (F)
T7 (F)
T8 (F)

Parallel Flow
100
80
9060
7248
87.2683 87.55478
175.2015 173.7976
145.3196 142.0831
159.2188 155.3262
156.7098 153.3245
205.3295 205.9322
173.8717 172.5176
212.9184 213.6839

69
5440
87.82314
171.5348
137.3497
149.6663
147.9617
206.4586
170.5331
214.2184

40
3620
88.53509
168.4873
130.6492
141.5127
140.2848
208.1162
167.6449
215.9345

23.9
2170
87.92344
168.3098
122.3852
131.7691
131.3335
209.749
168.8108
216.9909

Calculation 1 - Heat transferred in the heat exchanger at each steady-state point.

Q = m*Cp*T
Q = heat transferred (Btu/h)
m = mass flowrate (lbm/h)
Cp = Heat capacity (Btu/lbm.F)
T = Temperature difference (F)

Countercurrent Flow

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)

Concentric
100
80
9060
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

Temperature for Cp (F)

Cp (btu/lbm.F)
T
Q (Btu/h)

166.3926 162.6822 157.5135 150.5695 145.4143

0.932379 0.931636 0.930603 0.929214 0.928183
16.6544 19.1078 22.8400 28.5929 39.2138
140685.5 129025.4
115627 96179.49 78982.74

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Temperature for Cp (F)
Cp (btu/lbm.F)
T
Q (Btu/h)

Shell-and-tube
80
60
40
23.9
7248
5440
3620
2170
159.9981 154.986 148.7437 144.9148
0.9311 0.930097 0.928849 0.928083
19.1931 22.5714 27.3601 37.4773
129526.7 114205.2 91996.49 75477.03

100
9060
163.2386
0.931748
17.1619
144874.5

Parallel Flow
Concentric
80
60
40
23.9
7248
5440
3620
2170
164.5619 160.6006
155 150.0395
0.932012 0.93122
0.9301 0.929108
18.4714 21.8685 26.9746 36.5407
124778.5 110782.3 90822.45 73672.05

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Temperature for Cp (F)
Cp (btu/lbm.F)
T
Q (Btu/h)

100
9060
167.2102
0.932542
15.9827
135035.1

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Temperature for Cp (F)
Cp (btu/lbm.F)
T
Q (Btu/h)

Shell-and-tube
100
80
60
40
23.9
9060
7248
5440
3620
2170
165.2908 162.9211 159.2474 153.9649 150.0722
0.932158 0.931684 0.930949 0.929893 0.929114
17.1619 19.1931 22.5714 27.3601 37.4773
144938.3 129608.1 114309.8 92099.91 75560.92

Calculation 2 - Overall heat transfer coefficient, U.

Ui=Q/ (Ai*LMTD)
Ui = Overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside area (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

Q = heat transferred (Btu/h)

Ai = inside area for heat transfer (ft^2)
LMTD = log-mean temperature difference (F)

Look at the next sheet for area calculations

Countercurrent Flow
Concentric

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Area (ft^2)

T:A
T:B
LMTD (F)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Area (ft^2)

T:A
T:B
LMTD (F)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

7.828936
27.1998
68.1192
44.57211
403.1657

7.828936
28.0428
63.3607
43.32888
380.3603

7.828936
29.7061
56.2016
41.5555
355.4087

7.828936
32.1196
46.1307
38.70337
317.4176

7.828936
39.8943
36.0022
37.91495
266.0842

Shell-and-tube
100
80
60
9060
7248
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

6.891869
45.8889
64.2302
54.54658
303.7954

6.891869
51.4776
74.4727
62.26911
214.3688

6.891869
51.3408
85.2533
66.86995
163.7747

6.891869
39.6804
51.8590
45.49837
462.0182

6.891869
42.1053
56.9299
49.14551
382.4182

Parallel Flow
Concentric

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Area (ft^2)

T:A
T:B
LMTD (F)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

7.828936
87.9332
13.8992
40.13235
429.7832

7.828936
86.24282
13.2431
38.9604
409.085

7.828936
83.71166
12.3166
37.25419
379.8327

7.828936
79.95221
10.8635
34.61323
335.1571

7.828936
80.38636
9.3839
33.05747
284.6626

Shell-and-tube

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Area (ft^2)

T:A
T:B
LMTD (F)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

6.891869
56.2086
31.4578
42.64271
493.1754

6.891869
60.3594
33.4146
45.56692
412.7104

6.891869
66.2567
35.9255
49.55356
334.7123

6.891869
75.64966
40.4713
56.2386
237.6226

6.891869
85.6574
40.9382
60.57116
181.0066

Calculation 3- Prepare Wilson plot and determine outside film coefficient ho

Countercurrent Flow
Concentric

% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Internal diameter (ft)
(lb/ft.h)
Re
1/Ui
1/Re^.8
Outer diameter (ft)
Log-mean tube diameter (ft)
Tube wall thickness Xw (ft)
km (Btu/h.ft.F)
1/Ui (y-intercept)
ho (Btu/ft2.h.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

0.068667
1.640101
102428.7
0.00248
9.81E-05
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.002
453.2101

0.068667
1.690991
79476.9
0.002629
0.00012
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.002
453.2101

0.068667
1.766614
57098.08
0.002814
0.000157
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.002
453.2101

0.068667
1.877905
35743.66
0.00315
0.000228
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.002
453.2101

0.068667
1.968677
20438.52
0.003758
0.000356
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.002
453.2101

1/Ui

Shell-and-tube
% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Internal diameter (ft)
(lb/ft.h)
Re
1/Ui
1/Re^.8
Outer diameter (ft)
Log-mean tube diameter (ft)
Tube wall thickness Xw (ft)
km (Btu/h.ft.F)
1/Ui (y-intercept)
ho (Btu/ft2.h.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

0.027083
1.683187
7029.126
0.002164
0.000837
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0008
1125.948

0.027083
1.729544
5472.58
0.002615
0.001022
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0008
1125.948

0.027083
1.805764
3934.081
0.003292
0.001331
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0008
1125.948

0.027083
1.909207
2476.059
0.004665
0.001927
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0008
1125.948

0.027083
1.977878
1432.735
0.006106
0.002986
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0008
1125.948

1/Ui

Parallel Flow
Concentric
% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Internal diameter (ft)
(lb/ft.h)
Re
1/Ui
1/Re^.8
Outer diameter (ft)
Log-mean tube diameter (ft)
Tube wall thickness Xw (ft)
km (Btu/h.ft.F)
1/Ui (y-intercept)
ho (Btu/ft2.h.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

0.068667
1.654933
101510.7
0.002327
9.88E-05
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.0019
480.9877

0.068667
1.687633
79635.05
0.002444
0.00012
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.0019
480.9877

0.068667
1.740601
57951.4
0.002633
0.000155
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.0019
480.9877

0.068667
1.822011
36840.19
0.002984
0.000222
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.0019
480.9877

0.068667
1.886342
21330.61
0.003513
0.000344
0.0875
0.077703
0.009417
31
0.0019
480.9877

1/Ui

Shell-and-tube
% Valve
Flowrate (lbm/h)
Internal diameter (ft)
(lb/ft.h)
Re
1/Ui
1/Re^.8
Outer diameter (ft)
Log-mean tube diameter (ft)
Tube wall thickness Xw (ft)
km (Btu/h.ft.F)
1/Ui (y-intercept)
2
ho (Btu/ft .h.F)

100
9060

80
7248

60
5440

40
3620

23.9
2170

0.027083
1.654933
7149.132
0.002028
0.000825
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0007
1294.07

0.027083
1.687633
5608.486
0.002423
0.001002
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0007
1294.07

0.027083
1.740601
4081.363
0.002988
0.001292
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0007
1294.07

0.027083
1.822011
2594.557
0.004208
0.001857
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0007
1294.07

0.027083
1.886342
1502.259
0.005525
0.002875
0.03125
0.029117
0.002083
64
0.0007
1294.07

Calculation 4 - hi using Ui from part 2

Countercurrent flow
Concentric
80
1589.607

% Valve
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
2081.729

60
1229.011

40
869.2447

20
568.7605

% Valve
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

Shell-and-tube
100
80
60
732.9138 550.9829 401.3342

40
258.7417

20
188.4677

60
1364.744

40
922.7854

20
619.9892

Shell-and-tube
80
60
580.3808 437.1316

40
285.0339

20
207.2685

40
35743.66

20
20438.52

Parallel flow

% Valve
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

Concentric
100
80
2343.267 1836.615

% Valve
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
753.1957

Calculation 5 - hi using empirical correlations

Countercurrent flow

% Valve
Re

Concentric
100
80
102428.7
79476.9

60
57098.08

k (Btu/h.ft.F)
Pr
w (lbm/ft.h)
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

0.307008
4.98096
0.859
1949.419

% Valve
Re
k (Btu/h.ft.F)
Pr
w (lbm/ft.h)
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
7029.126
0.306444
5.11775
0.859
575.552

0.306343
5.14256
0.859
1611.585

0.305385
5.383424
0.859
1259.553

0.304037
5.73936
0.859
888.0701

0.302991
6.030842
0.859 Assumed wall temp of 70degC
579.0573

Shell-and-tube
80
60
5472.58 3934.081
0.30585 0.304902
5.265247 5.508446
0.859
0.859
443.2657 297.2764

40
2476.059
0.303671
5.839762
0.859
133.7616

20
1432.735
0.302888
6.060441
0.859
108.4262

Parallel flow

% Valve
Re
k (Btu/h.ft.F)
Pr
w (lbm/ft.h)
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

% Valve
Re
k (Btu/h.ft.F)
Pr
w (lbm/ft.h)
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
101510.7
0.307152
5.024532
0.859
1944.359

Concentric
80
79635.05
0.306683
5.128739
0.859
1614.053

60
57951.4
0.305962
5.29766
0.859
1267.614

40
36840.19
0.304905
5.557973
0.859
898.9675

20
21330.61
0.303931
5.766493
0.859
588.692

100
7149.132
0.306813
5.028015
0.859
557.5325

Shell-and-tube
80
60
5608.486 4081.363
0.306387 0.305711
5.131883 5.300475
0.859
0.859
432.6075 295.3469

40
2594.557
0.304704
5.560388
0.859
139.8246

20
1502.259
0.303937
5.76641
0.859
107.9988

Calculation 6 - hi vs Re

Countercurrent flow concentric

2500
2000
1500
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.h)

Empirical

1000

Experimental
500
0
0

20000

40000

60000

80000 100000 120000

20000

40000

60000

80000 100000 120000

Re

Countercurrent flow shell-and-tube

800
700
600
500
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.h) 400

Empirical

300

Experimental

200
100
0
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Re

Parallel flow concentric

2500
2000
1500
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.h)

Empirical

1000

Experimental
500
0
0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000 120000

Re

Parallel flow shell-and-tube

800
700
600
500
hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F) 400
300

Empirical
Experimental

Empirical

300

Experimental

200
100
0
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Re

% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
% error
% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
% error

% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
% error
% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
% error

Calculation 7 - efficiency
% Valve
Re
nh
nc

% Valve
Re
nh
nc

Countercurrent flow
Concentric
100
80
60
2081.729 1589.607 1229.011
1949.419 1611.585 1259.553
6.787132 1.363746 2.424834
Shell-and-tube
100
80
60
732.9138 550.9829 401.3342
575.552 443.2657 297.2764
27.34102 24.30084 35.00372
Parallel flow
Concentric
100
80
60
2343.267 1836.615 1364.744
1944.359 1614.053 1267.614
20.51618 13.78899 7.662468
Shell-and-tube
100
80
60
753.1957 580.3808 437.1316
557.5325 432.6075 295.3469
35.09449 34.15876 48.00619

Countercurrent flow
Concentric
100
80
60
102428.7
79476.9 57098.08
0.196457 0.231698 0.288962
0.679148 0.659957 0.624171
Parallel flow
Concentric
100
80
60
101510.7 79635.05
57951.4
0.18176 0.214179 0.261236
0.660175 0.632265 0.591633

40
869.2447
888.0701
2.119807

20
568.7605
579.0573
1.778216

40
258.7417
133.7616
93.43496

20
188.4677
108.4262
73.82115

40
922.7854
898.9675
2.649474

20
619.9892
588.692
5.316397

40
285.0339
139.8246
103.8511

20
207.2685
107.9988
91.91737

40
35743.66
0.382649
0.570154

20
20438.52
0.521349
0.469603

40
36840.19
0.337384
0.526741

20
21330.61
0.454563
0.428702

Parallel flo

Countercurrent flow concentric

efficiencies

0.7
0.6

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Efficiency 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.5
Efficiency

20000

40000

60000
Re

80000

100000

120000

0.4
0.3

nh

0.2

nc

0.1

Red
Blue

Concentric
Shell-and-tube

Countercurrent flow concentric

0.004

0.004
0.0035
0.003

y = 4.8747x + 0.002

0.0025
1/Ui 0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
0

0.00005 0.0001 0.00015 0.0002 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035 0.0004

1/Re^.8

Countercurrent flow shell-and-tube

0.007
y = 1.8416x + 0.0008

0.006
0.005
1/Ui

0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

1/Re^0.8

Parallel flow concentric

0.004
0.0035
0.003

y = 4.8295x + 0.0019

0.0025
1/Ui 0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
0

0.00005 0.0001 0.00015 0.0002 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035 0.0004

1/Re^0.8

Parallel flow shell-and-tube

0.006
y = 1.7143x + 0.0007

0.005
0.004
1/Ui 0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

1/Re^0.8

Re>10000

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

Use Dittus-Boelter
Assumed wall temp of 70degC

Use Hausen
Use Sieder-Tate

Re>10000
Use Dittus-Boelter

Use Hausen
Use Sieder-Tate

Experimental

Empirical
Experimental

Empirical
Experimental

empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

Parallel flow concentric efficiencies

0.7

% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

0.6
0.5
Efficiency

0.4
0.3

nh

0.2

nc

0.1
0
0

20000

40000

60000
Re

80000

100000

120000

% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

Countercurrent flow
Concentric
100
80
2081.73
1589.61
1949.42
1611.58
403.17
380.36
Shell-and-tube
100
80
732.91
550.98
575.55
443.27
462.02
382.42
Parallel flow
Concentric

60
1229.01
1259.55
355.41

40
869.24
888.07
317.42

20
568.76
579.06
266.08

60
401.33
297.28
303.80

40
258.74
133.76
214.37

20
188.47
108.43
163.77

% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
% Valve
experimental hi (Btu/h.ft^2.F)
empirical hi (Btu/h.ft^2.f)
Ui (Btu/h.ft^2.F)

100
80
2343.27
1836.61
1944.36
1614.05
429.78
409.08
Shell-and-tube
100
80
753.20
580.38
557.53
432.61
493.18
412.71

60
1364.74
1267.61
379.83

40
922.79
898.97
335.16

20
619.99
588.69
284.66

60
437.13
295.35
334.71

40
285.03
139.82
237.62

20
207.27
108.00
181.01

Area Calculations
Shell-and-tube
Outer diameter (in)
Tube wall thickness (in)
Inner diameter (in)
Number of tubes
Tube length (in)
Area (in^2)
Area (ft^2)
Concentric
Internal diameter (in)
Outer diameter (in)
Length of straight section (in)
Length of curved section (in)
# of straight sections
# of curved sections
Area (in^2)
Area (ft^2)

0.375
0.025
0.325
36
27
992.4291
6.891869
Internal and outer diameters taken from pg. 520 Darby Textbook
0.824
1.05
66.75
7
6
5
1127.367
7.828936

520 Darby Textbook

T /K
293.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15

MW eth
MW wat
T /K
293.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15

293.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15

C p/Jkg-1K-1atthefollowingvaluesofx 1
0
0.0312
0.0676
0.1105
4.179
4.54
4.173
3.789
4.184
4.533
4.183
3.804
4.175
4.557
4.201
3.823
4.176
4.571
4.22
3.825
4.175
4.58
4.239
3.835
4.181
4.584
4.244
3.859
4.19
4.598
4.262
3.888
4.603
4.268
3.901
3.912

0.162
3.554
3.565
3.597
3.618
3.638
3.68
3.67
3.718
3.733

0.2248
3.353
3.382
3.399
3.436
3.46
3.491
3.532
3.568
3.59

0.3031
3.136
3.161
3.198
3.248
3.264
3.304
3.347
3.396
3.426

0.4036
2.924
2.961
3.019
3.06
3.101
3.127
3.18
3.214
3.241

62.07
18.0153
0 0.099876 0.199869
4.173
4.183
4.201
4.22
4.239
4.244
4.262
4.268

J/kg.K
3.8274
3.8419
3.8608
3.8645
3.8754
3.8975
3.9254
3.9377

0.299726
3.789
3.804
3.823
3.825
3.835
3.859
3.888
3.901

0.39978 0.499783 0.599759 0.699844

Btu/lbm.F
0.914366
0.91783
0.922345
0.923229
0.925833
0.931113
0.937778
0.940717

0.307008 0.306343 0.305385 0.304037 0.302991

0.306444 0.30585 0.304902 0.303671 0.302888
0.307152 0.306683 0.305962 0.304905 0.303931
0.306813 0.306387 0.305711 0.304704 0.303937

0.537
2.743
2.777
2.824
2.874
2.908
2.948
2.999
3.043
3.077

0.723
2.565
2.596
2.631
2.675
2.715
2.769
2.819
2.851
2.895

0.799843 0.899929

1
2.376
2.412
2.449
2.478
2.517
2.573
2.594
2.658
2.714