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Class Note 5

The document provides summaries and solutions to two numerical examples involving thermodynamic processes of ideal gases. The first example calculates the heat, work, and changes in internal energy for a mole of monatomic ideal gas undergoing three reversible processes: 1) doubling its volume at constant pressure, 2) doubling its pressure at constant volume, 3) returning to the initial state. The second example calculates the work, heat, and changes in internal energy and enthalpy for 10L of monatomic ideal gas expanding reversibly from 10 atm to 1 atm, either isothermally or adiabatically, and verifies the independence of internal energy change on process path.

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118 views

Class Note 5

The document provides summaries and solutions to two numerical examples involving thermodynamic processes of ideal gases. The first example calculates the heat, work, and changes in internal energy for a mole of monatomic ideal gas undergoing three reversible processes: 1) doubling its volume at constant pressure, 2) doubling its pressure at constant volume, 3) returning to the initial state. The second example calculates the work, heat, and changes in internal energy and enthalpy for 10L of monatomic ideal gas expanding reversibly from 10 atm to 1 atm, either isothermally or adiabatically, and verifies the independence of internal energy change on process path.

Uploaded by

alihasan12
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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August 29, 2001 Reading: Chapter Two Homework: 2.1,2.3,2.5,2.

Numerical Examples: Example 1 (problem 2.2, page 35): One mole of a monatomic ideal gas, in the initial state T = 273 K, P = 1 atm, is subjected to the flowing three processes, each of which is conducted reversibly: a. A doubling of its volume at constant pressure b. Then a doubling of its pressure at constant volume c. Then a return to the initial sate along the path P = 6.643X10-4V2 + 0.6667 Calculate the heat and work effects that occur during each of the three processes. Solutions: Initial state of the gas: P1 = 1atm, T1 = 273 K, V1 = RT1/P1 = 0.08206x273/1 liters = 22.4 liters a. At the state a: Pa = 1atm, Va=2V1 = 44.8 liters, Ta = PaVa/R = 44.8/0.08206 K = 546 K qa = Cp (Ta - T1) = 2.5x8.3144x(546 273) = 5.67 Kilojoules wa = PdV = P(Va V1 ) = 22.4 x 101.3 joules = 2.27 kilojoules
V1 Va

b. At the state b: Pb = 2Pa = 2 atm, Vb = Va = 44.8 liters Tb = PbVb/R = 44.8x2/0.08206 K = 1092 K qb = Cv(Tb-Ta) = 1.5x8.3144x(1092-546) = 6.81 Kilojoules wb = 0 c. At the state c: Pc = P1 = 1 atm, Vc = V1 = 22.4 liters, Tc = T1 = 273 K

wc = PdV = (6.643 10 4 V 2 + 0.6667)dV


Vb Vb

Vc

Vc

1 3 wc = 6.643 10 4 (Vc Vb3 ) + 0.6667(Vc Vb ) 3 1 wc = 6.643 10 4 (22.4 3 44.8 3 ) + 0.6667(22.4 44.8) = 17.42 14.93 3

= -32.35 X 101.3 joules = -3.28 kilojoules U(1 to c) = 0: Ua + Ub + Uc = 0 (qa - wa) + (qb - wb) + (qc - wc) = 0 (5.67 - 2.27) + (6.81-0) + (qc (-3.28)) = 0 qc = -13.49 kjoules Example 2 (page 29): Ten liters of a monatomic ideal gas at 25oC and 10 atm are expanded to a final pressure of 1 atm. Calculate the work done, the heat absorbed, and the change in U and H for the gas if the process is carried out (1) isothermally and Reversibly, and (2) adiabatically and reversibly. Having determined the final state of the gas after the reversible adiabatic expansion, verify that the change in U for the process is independent of the path taken between the initial and final states by considering the following alternative processes: i. ii. iii. iv. v. An isothermal process followed by an isometric process An isometric process followed by an isothermal process An isothermal process followed by an isobaric process An isometric process followed by an isobaric process An isobaric process followed by an isometric process

Solution: textbook, page 30-34.

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