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    To Be

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    Alysha Reller
    This document provides an overview of the Latin verb "esse," meaning "to be." It includes: 1. A table conjugating the verb "esse" in the present, past, and future tenses for the first, second, and third person singular and plural. 2. Recommendations for memorizing the conjugations through repetition and relating the forms to their meanings. 3. Examples of using "esse" in sentences and notes on conventions for second person singular and plural forms.

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    To Be

    Uploaded by

    Alysha Reller
    196 views1 page
    This document provides an overview of the Latin verb "esse," meaning "to be." It includes: 1. A table conjugating the verb "esse" in the present, past, and future tenses for the first, second, and third person singular and plural. 2. Recommendations for memorizing the conjugations through repetition and relating the forms to their meanings. 3. Examples of using "esse" in sentences and notes on conventions for second person singular and plural forms.

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    This document provides an overview of the Latin verb "esse," meaning "to be." It includes: 1. A table conjugating the verb "esse" in the present, past, and future tenses for the first, second, and third person singular and plural. 2. Recommendations for memorizing the conjugations through repetition and relating the forms to their meanings. 3. Examples of using "esse" in sentences and notes on conventions for second person singular and plural forms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    196 views1 page

    To Be

    Uploaded by

    Alysha Reller
    This document provides an overview of the Latin verb "esse," meaning "to be." It includes: 1. A table conjugating the verb "esse" in the present, past, and future tenses for the first, second, and third person singular and plural. 2. Recommendations for memorizing the conjugations through repetition and relating the forms to their meanings. 3. Examples of using "esse" in sentences and notes on conventions for second person singular and plural forms.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Latin Verbs: Esse (to Be)

    Let us begin with being. Not only is the word to be an essential Latin word with high frequency, but it is also a necessary
    element for understanding some of the verb forms that we will be studying later.

    Leaving aside for now all grammatical terminology, simply remember the equivalencies in the following table.

    To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says: To say: Latin says:

    I am sum I was eram I will be erô


    you are es you were erâs you will be eris
    he / she / it is est he / she / it was erat he / she / it will be erit

    we are sumus we were erâmus we will be erimus


    you (pl.) are estis you (pl.) were erâtis you (pl.) will be eritis
    they are sunt they were erant they will be erunt

    A mnemonic: WAS carries the letter A: WILL usually carries the letter I:
    eram, erâs, erat, etc. eris, erit, etc.

    A few other forms are good to remember: To say "to be" Latin uses the word esse. Things that are about to be are futûra.
    To say "he / she / it has been," Latin uses fuit. "They have been" is fuêrunt.

    A Recommendation:

    It can be very helpful to be able to produce such charts from memory, although doing so is not at the
    core of learning the language. What is at the core of language-learning is practicing the comprehension
    of particular expressions. Most people learn tables like the one above by reciting each column
    repeatedly, preferably while thinking of the meanings of the items, until they can do so automatically.
    In this approach, "sum - es -est -sumus - estis - sunt" becomes almost like a single word, all taken
    together.

    Examples:
    1. I am a citizen of the world. cîvis mundî sum. / sum cîvis mundî.
    2. You are a citizen of the world. cîvis mundî es. / es cîvis mundî.
    3. We are citizens of the world. cîvês mundî sumus. / sumus cîvês mundî.
    3. They are citizens of the world. cîvês mundî sunt. / sunt cîvês mundî.

    Note: By convention, let you designate you (singular). You (plural) will be designated by you (pl).

    Exercise: Practice saying the following in Latin until you can do so effortlessly and instantaneously:

    1. They will be citizens of the world. 2. I was a citizen of the world. 3. She was a citizen of the world. 4. You (pl) are
    citizens of the world. 5. You were a citizen of the world. 6. You are a citizen of the world. 7. You will be a citizen of the
    world. 8. They were citizens of the world. 9. They have been citizens of the world. 10. You were citizens of the world.

    Latin Verbs: Esse, the verb to be

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