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Overhead Transmission Lines: Mechanical Design, Insulators, Electrical Design

This document discusses the design of overhead transmission lines. It describes the main components which include conductors made of materials like copper, aluminum, and steel. Support structures include towers made of various materials. Insulators are used and can be made of porcelain, glass, polymers. The mechanical design must account for factors like conductor loading, span length, temperature, tension. Calculations are provided to determine sag and tension at different temperatures and heights of support towers. Approximate formulas are also given. The next topics will cover effects of ice, wind, and vibrations.

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nnvpratap
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42 views

Overhead Transmission Lines: Mechanical Design, Insulators, Electrical Design

This document discusses the design of overhead transmission lines. It describes the main components which include conductors made of materials like copper, aluminum, and steel. Support structures include towers made of various materials. Insulators are used and can be made of porcelain, glass, polymers. The mechanical design must account for factors like conductor loading, span length, temperature, tension. Calculations are provided to determine sag and tension at different temperatures and heights of support towers. Approximate formulas are also given. The next topics will cover effects of ice, wind, and vibrations.

Uploaded by

nnvpratap
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overhead Transmission Lines

Mechanical Design, Insulators, Electrical Design

Main Components of Overhead Line

Conductors

Copper Aluminum: ACSR, AAAR, AAC, Expanded ACSR Galvanized steel (for high voltage) Wood, concrete, steel (for low voltage) Porcelain Glass Polymer insulation

Support Structure (Towers)


Insulators

Mechanical Design

Main Factors

Factors affecting

Conductor load per unit length Tower spacing, span length Temperature Conductor tension
Weight of conductor itself Weight of ice or snow clinging to wire Wind blowing against wire

Mechanical loadings

Sag and Tension Calculations

Reliability of the electric service depends on whether conductors have been properly installed. Design engineers must determine the amount of sag and tension to be given to the wires at a given temperature. Values of sag and tension at winter and summer condition must be known. Tension in conductors contributes to the mechanical load on structures at an angle in the line.

Sag should be minimum to avoid extra pole height and spacing between the conductors. Sag and tensions depends on initial tension when are clamped in place. Stress in the conductor is function of sag.

Sag and Tension:

Calculation of Sag and Tension

ws =weight per unit length H = tension at point O T = tension at point P

2l =Span length O is the lowest point on the wire

Calculation of Sag and Tension

Calculation of Sag and Tension

Integrating

At x=0, s=0, therefore c1=0

Calculation of Sag and Tension

Also

Calculation of Sag and Tension

Integrating

At y=0, x=0, therefore

Calculation of Sag and Tension


For tension at point P,

We know

Support at Same Heights


If the towers at same height and span is 2l, i.e. half span is l

T at Ends

Supports at Different Heights


2l 2l-x1

ya yb

Supports at Different Heights


For tower B

For tower A

Therefore, difference in tower heights

Approximate Formulae for Sag and Tension

and

and

Next Lecture

Effect of ice and wind loading Stringing chart Vibrations in the conductors

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