h

TV :
EW
:
TT[ :
TT| :
T
:
EU
:
R
:
X[
:
G
:
TeL
:
AyP
YzYU &
LVeL:
AoNeL
:
Y|
:

\_ c _V>
l[ c\ E

RZ TT| ?
RZ L[ U
ArW FPL
WY 2007
R T
EWVpVeh
G.G. UR
1/8
11
32

ArW FPL, |eL

eVyz fW@e,N]
ArW FPL
1/810 R SL
YZeLTyz
|eL 624 003

fPehPjL:
TV TzTL
TXV Af
Uy} AQ 636 401

Y| :
TV TzTL
LW
AWrW TXVAf
LY 641 044

ArW FPL
1 / 810 R SL
YZeLTyz
|eL - 624 003

10

z\VVeBD B >eD V_ 15.01.2006 [ E..F

>V^l_ uA.... >VD skV>D [ >V
>D \V 5.00 \z >VBm. WEz V. [w[
>\Bu, . \ kkuABVuV. .\,Ve
>V . Vx[, E..F (D._.) VEB . \V
gBV[ cz[, ]BV BV ]Vs w>k
>Vw Ve# \ guB cB (E ]>[) m
ks_ >VD.

uA zm skV]>uV VD z ^eVD. uA
u kB kEBD ziAkV_ km^em. >
k>V[ k|D [ VD >D kBm V_s_.
BV k|\VVKD me V_VD. ]BV |
]l[ V> u z _VD EV^. VoB_
uB gFe >k[ VD V_s_. > kz\^
_ V| Vk]B c^V> >V[ >
V| V klm.
L TTyP Feh, AR YV RjL
Y R L R T e L ] e h E X L U V U e L ,
TU GopV EUV] T|RXV
SefVRL CXU, YW\V\ T\ CT
RLe Lyz N, UjLzeL sop \R
TTV CV |P CR TTRo
ryzeLy| ARY[, RjL TPeL ]eh
NRV pR]L[, AWpV pR]L[, A
YVTyP YRjL YVL UeL U EYeh
YRh U\L, LXoNW, TT| G\ YWVeLTPR
AX BeL EVN EQLeh HT, AR
AVUX YWVeLTyP LyPUY, RjL BWYW
U] SPYzeLL[, UeL[ EQop YVU f[y|
EYeL ][YL[T N R]UL
AXp BYRh C J SX YTL AUyP.
skV>D [m _ me, >s \DVV
Wz V| _ kakzzD [>V_ > u
klm. u k, ^ [ . \VV|
m seV! [ [MD V. B_. uz

BVV|D m V m [ mD xBVm.
BVV_, _k B^ kB kEBxD BVm.
Vm\, uw_, s|>, V] aA, z>, >t
>EBD E>_ \z c[V| c|. gV_, V]
a x[Mm B]_ V[ >V_, \u
V^_VD V[ ]Vk[ [ >Vm.
VD ke>w_, VD ]> k^ ke
x[M|] >V[ ku_ mB VD >>|VD.
B]uz c^e , V^ zm uz >
m kz\ Vm, xBVm [D
V_VV_ D Vm. _VzD m >V_
m B]\V >V[ zD. \V] BV_ m B]\V
>V[ x\ >s \M>V xBVm.
kV| m BVuD Vm k[ _V
>V|D [ | sVD [V, kV| s_ [>V_
kV| _V ]KD k| VD [V V^ V^e
xBVm. V^ V^eD Vm.
ziA, uA zm EBm u m V_ k|\V [
>V[ x>o_ VD W>VD. \ ]\[]_ ziA >
Vm > WEz z F]BVe^ [ >VA
V| c^ W [? [. >uz x[, uA [> u
\V\V E F]e V_ol>VKD , F]BVe^
>uz z VD m V_ kl>m. ]_ , zx>D
V[ (27.11.2005) F]BVe VD V[ >D >
VueV_ B ]sVV [V_ _. ]KD E
kV|^ s|>_^c^e.
ziA, uA zm B E_ ke >V>uz
V^ VD. \z >m >V[ W [m
VD. ziA, BV >VVEl[ WE >BVVe [m
[ >VVEzD, >t x ]zD V\V
VD. V^ >VKD VD >uz^
_V\_ > E bzkVD. BV E F]e
V k|D.
VD >V z|D \B z k>k^ VD,
J]_ uA [>B _V\_ g xBKk^ VD E
V^. > sezk>_ D k. >

\Vuk> D k . [V V_ \V. BVD,

[ \BVV^ ? [ o_

k]_ c^e E B, Be
c>EmD, Bu >|A, x>VB kV
V^ x x>oBke c>EmD, [AD,
gD |V|z^ kB>V uVD
[> VD \s_. [D, >V_
| kB >VD gV_ >VVk |
|s>VD VVKD VVD [D ]\
]uz D>V> uA [m [ ^ *m \V]D
\>m. uA [> V>V>D, Z>
D, Vm >D Vm V[ g>[
[VKD, [ > xl_ uA BVe |k
]_...
[D V. k [B A>o_ c^e z|DD
[> uD, uA zm >t VVD [ eV
km \]|k>B VD ^sz^eVzVD.
> D >[ J> >VF >Vzk>
BV[ V x. k >V[, V]B, yV\B a sDB
BV, Ml[ *m >Vz>_ ] BM_ ]B
e, \D V[ \>D, k> V]D _VD >V ^ [
k >V >VV. > lB _V F]eD
VxD bzVD. |mVV : EB >uV>B .].x.. gEl
uV^. Vm skV>^ k>. E >t
VV][ zX|; |mV| [_VD V_o
]>V^. V^ > > V]_ Vs_.
E >t u[ D; BVeD >V_ m Vm
[_VD Vm m us_. kVm l_
[ >V[ > |>V^. V^ E u >
V]_ >V[ V>VD. k, > kVFV B[|] kVm
\V se e >> BV ]Vs w][ V_
]VD.

\zk]e uV^. V^ >D > V]_

bs_. >> BV ]Vs w][ V_, gD
_sB u| ! _s k> >|m Wm ! [
xweV| gV\V, VV\V ]VD.
uA uB ziAs[ > > V[ kV
V]_ >V[ V^ VVD. D F]BVezD,
zD VF m. F]B u , ^
V[V_ mkm; JsBVe^, E>BVe^ V[V_
> u mk]_.
V_ swV >twz B swV >V[. >uz _
> kl|km [mD \EzBm >V[. z^e W\
[k[V_ > km BV [> sVkV c^em.
>\B\ klVKD , (sF) > _
>B u V^D ez>V[ [B W\ c^em.
[B k \l_ ]kD V_ swV _
>B E[ k>uV VD {BVm cwVD [
V z| z>k_ (.D.) l>V. ,
V[V_ >V[ >u km [ W Vm m.
A>V| V^ gVKD, V_ swV [VKD, zB, s|>
Ve gVKD , B >V[ V_ >k^ [m \m
>VVE, ][ VV c^em.
ziA Eo_ >D * E F]^ [. VD
>D V|, D, \Va [ ueV| V>V_ ]_ E w^
k kVFA|. 1970_ ]_ ]Vs wD VV u
JD aA \VV| y\VD [ ^, \>D, V],
\Va, >D gBku_ u Vm
[m. BV
>M>tV| u EV. kVV^ ]klKD EV. gV_,
[_ u m [>uV x Vm
[V [>D VD k]_ V^ek|D.

zDV]_ >MBV ^ [ yu m, zw>^

>. >uV _VD \ kD VV^.

DtB W[ >V>>D, >uz y [

[>D VD V klm. ]\]uz x[A c
km V^km BV? >kV? [ k> sD,
>V? _BV? [> V k|D. >uV yk
skV] k|D. [ ]\D Fm V^[ [ ,
c k> [ [ \Vu sV [ ^
cVs>D > VVD. m V[ > kwz^
[VD km [> KD VVD?

 \ [ VV| >a_ sQ \],

\VD [ > ]V. ]_, kVB V,

>t VVD [ E k>V_ VD >uD

klm. >tw[ [VKD kzD V|tV

|D kl_, [ kVBk >[ \sB [

V|>kD \VD kzD x E z]_ Wk>
BV V| ]^eV.

W, Vu W, V W [k ]zD
[> VD u V^e \VD.

ziA >t [ u k\V|] s>V

E V^. z, kkKs[ k VE [ D
Wz km. ]][ B FBV [ W. >m
\s kV gkV| ]]uz [V [
^s k[, l_ kV[ ]Buz [ >V
FV. E >s W> ]B c\BVe,
]> V]l_ W] s| sA FV: >
]B_ BVV >m kz >BV\_ kV
gkV| k]V. ]B_ Em D se m
s|VD. > kVF B[|] k^ kD ]B
s| kB _KD | V^[ [V.
*|D se V Vm, | e
(V^) >s \u > D ]B s|
kBs|V^. > | eD | \>
]B c\BVe ke VV V. l_
c^e D k VV V|> Vm, >V
V|VeVD; kV V^^ [ kV ]_
\V \]zD >[ k | V_V. k BV?
]_ \]zD g u D Vm,
[ k[ \]zD [ k k [ k>V
> k (?) VE Vm.

V[ VmVk^ km V, |
\V> >t [ u a |mk>V >V
> VE m? >uV BVD eE ]B>V
>Bs_B? ]]_ kD V_ z|,
>^ V]B k\V |mk>V em D kD >
m VVD >s_B [? ke [ u
g^ a |]V_ >k_ [ ]VV? _m
>tV V> , ^ EV_ >k_ [m
k[ e VV?

>tw kVu_ z\x, \x

> V>V? BVk >V ]\ xz
>tw^ kmsVeV? [D sV
klm. >tw[ [V_ \M> D >V[B V>
V WBV|>V[ >V[ [> V ]
V^k>V_, >twz [ >V[\BV VVD,
V| m. > \Vuk Vm VD >kV
V^ V^VD. m BV>V zD?
>twB VVD [m m? > VV>
DxBm VD z|VD? zx>D V > (27.11.2005)
V_ [MD >VEl_ Vm >B >V[ V[
z[. [ V]VV z] kls_.

mVk >twV c [ >

km? >tw[ uAEBV Vu|D ,
V >>uV V[^ >V? |AzD w
>V[ c|]l>>V V_V^. ekBV , cm
Va, c|m VKxwD[ >V[ VV. |AzD w
> cB u \|\ k zV. \m
E>[kV_ {sB^ |Az \_ cl_V\_
>V[ [. >twz V>_VD |AzD \
cBD wD >>V >Bs_B ? >K^ kD
k \z |Az \_ c D x kV >m
[>uz V[^ mD VV\ ? k, >tw cz
|Az w D cB \|D eVV km
V^eV\V? V xBVm. M_ Vm |Az \_
D cBD V w sVD.

x>tzD VkV > .g.. skV>D

k^ k |km V_ D km |km
>V[ >tw cBV? .g..k^ cB VD >tw[
VV c [ u V^e x\V? VD
8

u V^k]_.
, >BVkm, V>Vkm
\]V\V? ]]V\V? z >tw^ cB
kk\m? BVz m k]BV > VD m
V^VD. >Vw . \V BV K V>V
[ zV.
gbzD, bzD \V]BV c ( Unisex Dress )
k|D BV >V V]B kuA] V.
g, kzD k]BV VVD zVBxD, KD
V^e k|D [D BV V[V. bz > \V]
c, gbz k \V] c [ cl_ [
kV| ? [ V. > zD V|, >[ ]
V_ BV K V| >V.

|Az ^ D cB V>V_
, V\ A ^ |km V[ [ VkD
km |km >tw cBV? _m z> s> \^
kV ]_ k^ |km V[V? V \ A
^ [ |m VV_ Vz V| ^
|km V[V? _m VB, Vw V|_
|km V[V? _ V_ |km V[V? >tw
c [ > y\VMm ?
V _w mk> xk skV>[
k^ \Vk[ cl_ |V| V| k>> u
D Vm, \Vk[ kD E> Vm [V. k[
u V>V_, e _V\_ g^ \|\ lKD
__ c^e kD t cB> \]^ u
k|\! >V_ >V[ skV>[ k^ V_km [
gzD. _ [V_ k[ m >k >V?
eV| m zD __ \Vk[ kD
E>m [V_, \Vk^ _B s| kB kk>
_BV? k^ ]_ BV^; ]]uz
VV^; \eV| V^; V>_VD k ce
| \Vk[ kD E>V>V? kzA_ \|D \Vk^
k>V| >V_ Vm\[ mk> mVV?
B_VD sV^ >V| klm.

uAzm Vm, > V_ k|\VV_ wB

V]om B[|>| k> >s, > V^
c^e>V| [D >V [D V k|D. w
V]_ B[|> Vu_ [D B[|>|
k[. gV_ ku[ V^ \Vlm [>D VD
_ |m V^e k|D.
^s [ V_ V]_ _s [ V_ >V[
B[|>m.
Vm sV [ V_ V_
B[|>| km. [ V_Kz Vm c^em
V[ V^ V]_ _. [ V_ >V[
[z B[|>m. w\ [ V_ ]z_
A [ V_ >V[ BVem. gV_, wB
V>m [_kV >uVm V^ V^e|m!
VD [ V_Kz Vk [ Vm V^
V^VD. gV_, >uz >VBD [ V^ >V[ AE
sQ V]>V[ VD kl_ >m.

*[ c>V[ k|D >|

t c>V[ k|D g|
.........................................................
.........................................................
[ kV kVD
clV| kV
cDA m] ]B >V
>[ kV aV[ V {
]D F clD VD !
.........................................................
wV |V .....
V]>VM[ > s>B >uz V[. gV_,
Vm Vk, VD, Vz [ V_ >V[
VD [ V_ BVe|m.
> Vk uAz V]_ k V^ [
]VD. VuDV\B uA [D D
AV\B uA D kVV V^ VV^. >Vkm
VD \uke u W s_ [VKD, D\
W Vm; D VD A Vm; m >V[ uA [
[z V[V^. >uV >V[ E\V
k|D [ V[V^.

10

[ zeV D, \D, VD, lA [

wV]_ V[V^.
xD \xD _V> ^
wB >tV[ ^
[V V]>V[. lA [V_ ED, kA [ >V[
V^. kV >V[ k|D; Vm >V[ \uk
]_ k A \VV. >V_ [ uA Vm [
]V^. w>t B]_ lA [ m. k,
_V D E\V, kV k|D [m >V[
>t V| [ ko> x\V? EV|D,
\\BVD, VV|D k|D [Vkm ko>
x\V?
u[ \uV V^ [k[V_, [V
gk \>VKD WVm. Ve ] k|D [
> \>VKD W Vm [>uz c^e>V_
c^eKD y> [ >V m V_, \>V_ W>
>k [ D bz m.
^ \VBD\[ >l_ m>V[ ko>|m.
\VBD\[ ( AV B b) > | _KD Vm zD
|m _ \VVVD. BV_ >kBV e >_ V|
VV_ m B >>m V_ mV (Slice) km s|\VD.
> m |m V| km s|kVVD (> EA). k
V^ > | [ Vm, kV]_ E][ [ >k[
m [VVD. >_ k[ ck> Vm, >k[
wV [V \VBD\[ W> \V]]_ k[ uA
| VF > mV ks_BVD. D V]_
uAz V^ V^em.
Vm uAz BV V^ m? c[ kV[
z c\BV m uA [ >V Vm V^
V^VD? \uV[]_ > uAV VeV |m
V^km? B^ V_olk >V[ >tVVD
[V_, B^ ku V_ol[.
BVD, QVD BVVBV
>D O>D Dx
V>_ \D w>t V_ ss>>V \D >

11

kel_ V^ B_ V> \m uV^,

T|z^ zD u>KD, uVz
>BV\_ {VzD c[ VzD >D ]V
kV\V? k, xl_ [ VD u V^D
F]eB_VD w>t B^ V_os s_.

>tw c [ |m VV_, w>t

B^ ku V_ol[. ]_ >
>tw c [ V^km? Vu_ ]\_
c> \VB>V V_|>
>BV?
\V[B FBV \m c>V k>
>BV? kVBV V\ \^ V|D V, DA,
Ve>BV? \^ V|D EBBV? ]KD
kk> (A_) EBBV ? EBBV? ]B
\VD, kBVD \m ^>V w>t _^
V_> >BV? \ V_ B Bo_
> >tw ckV um?
w>t _^ V_osm [>uV [
VD u V^e>V[ k|\V?
V>V_
>tw^ V]B> |V^ [u k>V^ [>uV
> VD u V^V\V? E]V][ \
kVm
z]
~VVkBV^
D,
~VkBV[ VkD \Vxm VV[ \ka
V ykD km ]\D Fm V>V > ?
> ( zw> \ xB - AV>
ky ]\
xB ) VD u V^e x\V?
[ |m VV_ ]KD > >tw
BV V^km? c_ gV\_ BV\_ \l_
\m s \|D m kVEzD t>> u>V?
k V|k> >tw [>V? cKw
KmD >sKD, VxD >tw BV? gk>V|D
]eV|D D zDtD >tw BV?
VB\V? >sKD, VxD \ M_, B
VV [ xk|>V s>V?
>tw[
]_ \V>s gB VB> u>V? zkB >
uV^k>V?
12

]k^k uB BV[ s\^ _VD \z

>D. V\VBD, \VV>D ke # m
s| kz \VuV ]ze ^ [
BV BVm , x>V > u V^^ [ k
s_. ]k^k gV > V>V_ ka
_ [ ]V> ]V. V m ]l>V_
ka _ [ ]V> k ]lVV? sV
>V|>k BV.
BV, V_ W[ B^ gVKD ,
w\VaeV >VKD . kB_VD cwzD \e
g]kV]^ ckVBk >V[.
>BuVue_ , >\ [m \V>z [
[kD ku^ zD. VmD [ \\ V[ FD
\m BV w\Va. VmD [ \D g]kV]z
VmD Vm. gV_ Kz c|kz \|D VmD
[ \D k|D w\Val[ JD ]VV^.
seB E V| T]l_ AVKD |km >V[
|D mD mV>V[. k _V\ cwzD \e,
g]kV]z ]V e>wV\_ >uVk cV
kk^. ]_ z>m [k[V_, cwzD
\^ cVB w\Vae _VD VD >[ V_ m
V| VFs|m. gV_, g]kV]eV_ V_| ]_
]B w\Va^ \|D VVV]uzD Wum.
c z>_ z wz [ g
g]kV]^ ] k]V^. m \| u_
]V V>_ ]BV_ _ czD cwzD k> V>
D z c z>_ [m E>Vkm Vm\V? >
V[, Vm u_, Vm ze]_ _VD z |>
>|ms [ >D V V|D ,>BVVKD | ,
w gVKD zmz [ w\Va^ cwzD \zD,
c\^ \ |VzD Vm\V? > kl_,
BeV ] k>k > \_ >|V^ ]
k>k >V? > [u VD u, B V[
eVV km [D E Vm \z VxD
c[VV>_.
M V_eBV^ F>V^ Ouz
_ V .

13

\VzwD M \e >[ VD uV\_

>l_ V_, VD[ >VV\_ [ m
Vz\VD. ]k^k cwzD \e \]_ V|
ze >s_ [m >. > cB suEB
\AkV^.

uA [m >tw V| [ D
D\ke Vm, VD E sV^ k^e.
>V^ \\\ Fm V^k]_ [ u
V^D cBV]V^ k|\VV_ u u
VD.
gV_ V], V] [ku_
\sz [mD, \\D [mD B_V
[ Vm k^ uA [ V_Kz c^
V_ x>[\BV D >km VmD?
k|\VV_, Ve [u ^ V]l_
\szD, \\xD w\V >VKD ^
z|D]_ kVV wt_ [ E VoBV
E V^eVD. gV_, DV[\BV >t\[
V| [m m |km VeV_ a
kV |D \sz, \\x [k >V? m
>t V| gV>V? V[ Vm kV|
] kV> >V[ u[ V_[ k^
[VkV| kVw m B uA wA [
V_kVeV? >twz [ >MBV >Vkm V
kBm ] k]VeV?
m\
_B ! B_ ] ka Ve
>V Vxm. ]V e k|m
Vm \D, \V> z]\V zE
]z e \> k>V^. >Vkm uV^
uV| FBV\_ gbD, bD >VeVk [
m kVkm. V|D, V| V> z]\V x_
]z uA \D V>\V VD.
\sD ]\V _V> ]uz km sV_,
z uA \D km s|m. \>]uz k>V_
>B^ km s|V^. >Vkm, kBKD, kB_ V>
]uz km keV\l_ tBV k\VD zD
14

Vm >B uB mV^ kms|D Vo

m. kV ]zD, WD, Vm [ x>u
V^^ \|\[ >FkD, c, sz^, \D
V^, k, >Vus^, , , V[
V^D, A>_, >_, _, _ V[
cV^D, > eV kB[.
kV, ] ka V^ > >s,
>twz [ VmkV VD B_
V_ s_B?
>M Vm >V[B [ >V[, >m Vm^ >z
> zw>z \|\ VFk|D [ D >V[,
VV >V ]\x \V uA VV|^ >uz
g[ s]uu ka>_^ >V[ [m
_E[ \VsB_ seD. Vm\ _V> \D
D W>, uA VV|^ Vm ;
kVF_ [>B \sz, \\x V|m. mk
B_VmD .

> ]_ > V^ zm BV[ VkB

| Vm V>\V zD.

sB_ VV|e kVm [ A]B

|Az \V>V[ k][.
B
sBVeeV V]_ > Vt, V_
V[V As \B VV V>. (V]D >
>kV VVB [D Vm.) gV_ V W,
ooBV, e gBV[ |[ sekV_ QVl (B[)
\FB VV| um. >uz u \M> D xkmD >[ >
\Vu Vm [m >V kV?
> V[ bk ek xBVm [ V_M[
bV^ Bm. > V^B [u sB_ >
W \V [ bk e[ x k> [, x[A >
V^B \Vu VV\? A]B |Au sB_
VV|e \V Vm, V( Elastic) eV_eV kVsB_
zxe, W[ >V> Wu VD [ \Vu
V^e Vm [ VD sDAVD.
kezD z, >twz [ V| [
ckV ] km^e> V VmD E Vm D
>tw x>VB> x[uD VB\V x\V?

]\]uz D\>V> uA [m [
^ *m \V]D \>m.
uA [>
V>V>D Z>D Vm >D Vm V[
g>[
[VKD,
[
>
xl_
uA
BVe|k]_.
c>VD
[k[V_
uA
gz ko> |k]_ []o> >
cm V^eVD. m ^^ [kuz
g ^z uA ko>|k]_. g>V_ >
>Vkm sz ] [[ uA x BV|
a k|D.

m\B u z WB EsV^. ziA, uA

zm V[ Vm kl_ kV>k^, VEM V[Vm
\V kB k>V^. VEMV kVm kVBk^
B_VD x[ m VV^ [m \z >D.
BV u \V[, V k^ V^. \]uzB
T\ k^ >V[ V_kV. BV u BVD s_B
[ B VD [ >m. BV u k^ _VD
Ve [ D VD >uVm km sm [. \V[,
V, .[.VV[, m VD, _V\ BV uD,
m\ uD V^. VmD ~.k.V\Vt VB [
z|D V, >V > me >a_ (2-11-2005) |]_
BV z| km \uV^e Am[ V|V.

> >M c\ >]_ m a|km [m

]_ uB VBD [m z >Bs_.
M_ z >V[ uA; gz ko>
Vm [[ >mk\ >M c\ >mk> V>m.
[V_ gbB Vm [m >V[ [B
\s [k[ W\ (1936 _ ~V_ BV E
zE_ kk>m .)

]BVe ][ \] _V\_ > Kk][

c^e [, V[ >V[ ]BVe D; V[ V_ kk>
z V_k[ [, ]om sB zD , m >V[
]BVe m [ m VD V_V. mD m
\B VVuk>uVkVD. BV V_kV; [V
k|D k[ ]xD >m \sB m V
>VVD. [ \sB VF [ V_, [ \s

15

16

[MD [V \V[ [V^ [ kVVD . m

VxD mVk ]BVe ][ c\B *VF >[
m\B WV m] V.
k^ \M> c\ l_ _VD
mVV^ [m \z [z >D. VV (POTA), k>
Vm \M> c\ *>V k[ m >m? k.V
k m VVs_ c^e VS^; [ |\V s|
k]S^ [ ]l_ >BD ]Bk >V[ m
VD. [z \M> c\B u kVF aB \V[,
V V] V kw_ #z\ k [ S o
V]_ > gkV| ]Vm zx>]_ >BD ]Bk
>V.
VV] V > Vm, sV FBV\B
ke #o k|D [V xVo \V[. k >V[ t
B VB kV] (?!). kVwV V\J]BV k^ [ ]
k>V_ | V_k[ [V. FBV ! EB_ E m
c ke kD >m [V_, k^ g>D km
VV|k^; kz ke kD zD? (>
>_). cz c^ B_ WBVBD [V_, k^ B_
kz WBVBD _BV?. mVk m\B [
>\V EBk^ >V[ [ m\B u kVF aB
V^.
m [ cB>>V >VKD > >[Bm [
D wD VBm.
D..At k^
>[ k[ >>BV B \B FB [
V^ ]V^.

> xmtB BV F]l_ |\BV ]>V.

BV x ]\x u V. [,
>B u V. > se 1928 gD g_
gE () ^e u g>_ [ Vk V|V.
> [ V|k>V_, eD^ | VF s|kV^
[ D ]>V^. xmt D >B
][ Vm kz| > BV, ^ >k, ]KD
\mk ^ >B ]VD? [ ,
>B kl_ >V | ^e Bm V|
kV^ [ V]uV BVD >k Vm [ km
WBVBD? [ V.
kV kVF_ \uV[D V BV:
\m VKD \u V|_ m V[ _BV
mz D *]_ uV\_ Vz\Vl[, _BV \A
VxD, _BVD g AzD, zD
>V xk VxD FB kBm kD

[ D ez [V. kl_ BV
ku V_olV.
>Vw . \V , ziAk g>m V
ml_ 1971 k 23, 24 D JD aA
\VV_ BV V y\V> >kV z>V.
k[ \s \uk sDAkm [> zu\VVm [
> y\V> >uVm t BV VV.

D.. At k[ xB \m xk
At [>VzD. x>> k >m >VBV[
BB V| VV. k > z][ kwD m>V[.
> V_ V xmt keD VV] [>V
>Vu> V^ c| xB[V^. tM
[ >Vm k[ > V xmt [
V^ ]. xmt k^ Ve V
]B>D, |\BV ]m VVB>D VD kVD.

> \VV_ y\V^ V. ..V. (]B

> D) s_ zD \> cEB A|mD
> |m sk|D [mD ku_ [. m V[
z k|VeV y\V^ V. y\VD
\|D VmkV >V V_m. .\V k^
VB k[ \s \uk sDAkm [> zu
\VVm [ y\V\ D \VV_ VmkV >V
V_ y\VD gzD. V m ] > ]m
\uk[ \sB ] V| Vkm >k_ [ BV
y\VD V>V ]Bm. > ]m kwz Vm.

>k>VE auz V xmt tD g>kV

>V [>V_ BV k g>>V. ke \V

BV[ > y\V]uz seD V_ xu| Vm

]Vs w> V> T..E[[ [ kwQ ]B

17

18

> ][ 497gkm k V s|> l_

]V .
BVVk[, \uk[ \sBV ] V^
[> >mD _m >m V^e kVFmD, > [
\]l_V\KD \x D\>D _V\KD AVV, >
AE VB A>Kz c>V >_ k|D.
\sB A>V[ [ zu]uV nm g|^ E
>D _m zu >VD _m |D m
s]VD. >BV kwz_ zu]uz c>BV
\s >V [>uV k > Vm - [>
.
ge \|D >m, e >V>
D [ >m [ > ckVB >V^ V[
t seD 7.2.1971 s|> l_ kk>m.
\M> ][ \ t V]B>^,
[ uAD ]\ >][ AM> >[\D
B >VA cBkV > V^ [z
kVD [ V]KD \s[ D mV]uz
> kw y\VM>uz x[ cE^e
\M> u W] W>VMzD FD kD >
VK^e x>VB W\ l_ E >[\^ c^e
[>D eV_ cV\_ xBs_.
> V| [ W Vm, V[
V| [ WB s kzkV km
k>]uzB sB\VzD. ^ zw>eV zD
V> ]\D Fs|V^. e\[ zD
V> \sBV k k^ EBD
FB|V^.
VBVe[ k^
kM[ ke | V^ V^. k[ >m
> A> eV_ W V^e D K
m^e Wl_, \s W \V sV^ [>uV
> kwzk>uV D Bukm [m V^ u
V^k>uz VxD sD V^eV> \V\VzD.
>V \D [ B_ > V| \[ w
kw_ tD gw\V k[^e D
JD >Vz>_ >VD [ bD ez V^

19

ukV]^ _. \mkVm gV_ WB\Vm [

V^
DAD
V][
B_V|zD
_sl[
B_V|zD > V^ s| s|VD.
gV_ m xl_ m kD Vm,
[ \BV>zB >[\ *mD, \El[ *mD >m
>s xBV> see cVzD kD m >VD
Vm, > D [ ]BV k uk
A\ tD >| zD > >V >_
uk>uz V^ \V^e s_ .
mk >V[ seD. >Vkm > V_
W[ W\B Am >V^ V[V^ [>
VD k]_ V^e k|D.
> x W\B >V[ ziA B uA EoKD
V^ komVD. gV_, >V>> VV\
\uk^ ]_ ] m V^. ]KD >Vw . \B[
>m >tw VD >a_ ] m^e kD
t |\BV V|V. [ V>V_ (k 2006 >a_)
]V [ ABs_.
gB\VB EB > VV_ >t\VB u
VFV^ >Vw .\B[ k^ >tw
VD >a_ ]^eV. D kzD VmkV >tw
V| [>V mD _ VD B>V_ D\>V[ >
VueV_ V|V bVD. gB \VB EB >
VV_ ]Vs \VB EV_ >V[ >kVz\ >s >t
\VB [ EVKD m >kVzD [ >Bs_.

gB\VBz ]V_ ]Vs \VB. g

\VB z ]V_>V[ >t\VB .
x[m D
uBm. [m \Va uBm. gB\VB EB >
VV_ >t\VB u VFV^ [ V>V
]V_ V| zwAV >Vw .\.
w>tw V^ u BV Bku z
z|km V>\V zD. kV m D [ o_
6,7D _ c^eku B [.
m \V] ]\_ \uD >tw kV
A_ w>tw V^ [> u V>[D

20

> V| km \uV^ VV>[D m

>Vwe | V^[. w>tw[ BV? k[ V^
[? >uz g>VD [? >uz [ kEBD [? - [m
V[ ^sz ]_ V_ [ ge VVD. TV,
> _ wkV, \kV, \e kV >^
]uz B[|] V^ekV B[|>|m.
w>tw[ BVVl>V_ [? cz >V[ [
VB\VzD? k[ V^BV, \>\V, eV, V, ]BV
mkVl>V_ >V[ z [ \z [ VD ? [m >V[
m ^s. w>tw WB u k^ z>z
\]A V|zD kVeVV_, |W VeVV_,
ke [ [. >Vkm V|tV kV V
\M> s _V> V kV \M>[ E>k[ _kV
[mD, m Vk 4000, 5000 k]uz x[ > \M>
s [ >Vkm uV_ kVD \M>[ E>Vkm \V
kD BxD, gVFm VzD k]D cBkV?
_kV? [>V| > V]_ kV> kVk s, B
> s kV kVD, kV D V^e
kBkVF [VV _BV [>BVzD. [ kVD
\M>B > VB]uz w>twB kV zAD
W zAD \z klm [ ce
k\VF [. TV w>tw V^ [mD w
>tw kV W [mD WB[ FkV, BV\l_
JkV >V[ B[|> B>V g sm. M DxB >
]>]uzD > kV\_ Vm V^e kBm
z>kV]l[ \BV g sm. w>tw[ km V]
>z> Wl_ [ \m \M> JD _. w>tw[ V^
mD [ > \M> J]uzD kEBxD _. \M>[
V>V|, \V>V|, _ kBkBVaB k_.
k|\VV_ \Be > g>\V > V^
eVD. gV_ Vm\e \Vu > B[|> s Vm
[V BV.
D >tw^ V]_ > W [? VD
VVD. V> k[VD - >Vkm V_o [B
>twe ]|k>uz k|\VV_ B[|] V^eV\
>s kEBt_V> k >uzD > B[|>Vm [>
[ WD gzD.

21

[ VD [u >>V x^
w>tw kVs_ _ [ BV VB>VB
BV >twz ]V >V [D, >tw
s_ [D sx\V? k^ VmD >t
>EB> >tw[ x>[\ V x[k>k^ _.
(Vkm, J[Vkm V k>ke uV^e\V[
[V) >k|D Vm, >tw [ >^ BVe>
B[|] V^kV^ - [_VD ]V VV
>Vw . \B[.

]z_ > ]KD >t, >tw [ V_

s_. k, >t >EB> x>[\ V
ks_ >tw[ \BV V_o V^
]k^k kV]_ mV[ s\]uz
>Vw \B[ c^eVzkVV! VD VD.
skV>D [ k Vm >B_VD VD V
klm.
ziA uA VDA E_^ k>[ k^
VMB >B kV V| >t >EB][ *m VF>.
ke kVBV >V_ k[ BVe^
>BkD.
>t\VaB z>]V \Va; k >t >EBD
z> ]Vm. m[ >t >EBD E[ VB z
xz geV |D; k z> Vkl_ >t >EB>
] k|D [ VV m[? D\ u
z|V >Vw \B[.
>t\Va B^ DVKD z>suz ]Vm
VD k>V_, >t >EBxD z>suz ]Vm [ >
VD V>V kom V^ V .\. > V_, >t
>EBD E[ VB z xz geVzD [V .\. \z
m ABs_. k s> z x^ [[ [D
>Bs_. >t >EBD EV_ e m Fm s|kV^
[ Bm | V| z> Vkl_ Azm V|
>t >EB> V^ (>..].) ] xV\VD.
D\ Am VV .\. [m \z
>Bs_. . \B >t>EB [ #]_

22

\V[D \_. gV_ ke |\BV s\e

>Vw\ \A[ *m .\. [ >V|V [m>V[
ses_.
ziA uA VDA E_ k>[ .\. *m VF>>V
D\ V_ k, >tw VD |l_ |
F]e V_V.
\A ka uA [m \ >xD,
gV]xD >s k_ [> \m W [V .\.
>B >V[ BVBVeeV VxD V_VD.
uA [m kz ]; _m ]z k[
[> >s k_ [V - .\. ]_ VD x|VD.
>tV_ _V V_V_KD kz ] [ >V[
B[|>|> >s ]z k[ [ zD V_
|k]_. kz ] [ V>V_,
>tw^ kz ^^ [ tV>! E]V
>l_ kz ] [m s_B? ]_,
Vkz , \V>s [ | ^ Ve?
mkl B Vu V BVD
VkM[ a B z| #uB>V >Bs_B?
.\. \KD V. ]\ c >Vkm z|D
c zD k gbD bD kVk
\BV m V^e k|D. E_^ k>VV,
VKs_ E^ uVV E, ]>^ Fm,
c[V| | z|D kVk >VVD. k >V
V\V V s]z ADV >uVo\V {
*|D V s]z || {|>_kV mV_,
VK Ee Fm V| z|D kVk
>VVD [V.
>Vkm, z|D cs_ >k Fm sV_

Fm V^eVD [V. ziAD > >V

V[V? (> EA). ziA V[]_ z [ ke
E_? mD, mVD FBk|D [ ziA V_
s_B?
23

BV V_KkV; zD|km [V_, e

zD| [V. z, zD| >V k|D [V_
TB zD[! VlKz >V[ Vb\V [V. AD,
VVMD V| VF V VV\_ zD|
[V. \Vu
V_ Vm, _ [ BV V_V\_ VD V\V
FB k|D [>uV BV V[V. > V_
>V[ >k FB VKD, VD BV
k|D [>V ziA V_ol>VKD. ]_ [ >k
V^ [m >Bs_.
.\.D VK E [V_ [? ]\D g
gV, V >^ BV _V> k bV
_m gbV c V^k> >V[ V [
mVD. ]\\Vk^ m V[ VK Ez geVV_
E Fm V^eVD [V. BVV_, ]\]uz x[A
VK E^ uV_ > Fm V^ek V>V?
E u|km BV\l[ V\V VD. _m
>B >ku \W, VoB_ cm> B \
c] [\ V\V VD. >D E Fkm >V
BV>V xD?
\\\ Fm V^eV>k^ [ u V^D
cBV]V^ u u Am EV_ WBVBD
m. gV_, ]\ szD, \\xD B_V [
cwzD \e \FB\V V BeV V.\..D,
s|> E>D m V^km >V[ \V m.
cBV]_ , zw>l_V\_ k[ m
VFsV_, > s>k D >xz c
V^ co_ F E V| c km V^eVD
BQk_B ] k]V.
BV {]_ z|V :
E kzA_ \z oBVD F> ,

\V\VzD V]BVF >Vk|D. 10 kBm

Bz 20 kBm oBVD Fm, B[ 18
kBm WDAk>uz^ bz 2, 3 zw>^ ms|D ;
zw>^ \V\VV _m AB V
>>V >VKD zw>^ Az
> \ (Legitimate ) zw>BVk Vs
| D .

24

mV[ F]B >[ >m >[M]B

zD, zD o_ z|V. ] . g. tk
[k[ >[ l_ ]E \Vk][ E z]_
J]_ tD kBm z> \\z, ] kBmB
x [ l_ ]\D FD wD
m^em [D, kV eD Bz \sBV kD ]
kBmB D \V\VV, kM[ [ \VeV E
\B_ > V]B V> geV c kzD wxD
m^e>VD z|^eV.
> ] k^ glVD. gV_,
>> >V k V_olV. \V kz x[
BV W [V_ [D wV]_ ]z\V?
1926_ \BVe zkV \V>V [> u BV
zB >a_ ]lV. ]\\V VB ^. D]
V[ c km V^k> tD \BV ( !? )
EB> uB F]e BV z|V. \KD
]Zz \kV xD, A[ ]AD zD
kl_>V[, ]Z^ ]s>eV x\V>V_,
kz V>BV Vk_ Vk|D [ >] V[>V
\V EkAV ]_ c^e>VD, \V V>]_ ]] D
mVk g^ >VVaB, ^ uABkeV
xBVm [ ^e>VD BV z|^eV.
>uV \V EkAVD, \VV>D gBku ]>V \
>\]_ ] [V_ kV \[ _V >tweD
a|]l>V_ > ]>V BVD V]>ws_B?
DRM x>VB]_ kB cuEB ymD
V>KV zkmD De > z> V[> [
\V >mk> ^ WB\V ^.... \V
De > >mk> V[ xuKD \VEBD _V> >mk\V
m[. \KD, m JsV>\Vm [ V[ m[ MM[ > \uVe, eVVM[ o[ 65D
]om .\. |mV|V.
> \uV^ x>Vmk VK AEV [
kxBu VKk u V_m. gV_, > o[
64gD ]_ M[ V. ko\ t ^
V sm VzD V>]_ wB g] c^

25

F>B|[ Vm, \V> J cxD aB

>Vz[ Vm >M \M>B A[ cE^ \V
\Vu\[. _kBV [> s m[ >VD,
>| xBV> ]B m. ]\ \uD VK kk^
x>Vmk >]_ M\_ ]] ]_ [V
M[. m [ \uVeV .\. keV_ zs_?
kD, \sD m kVwxBs_ [V_,
kD Bk sDAV^ ...... V[V_,
V_o][ >>V[ VV ]\D >V
\\Vz\BVaB > V_o[ kVuzB >]_
gVm [ V_ \V k^ (\V _ k[
>>| >VzA 3/ D 245) V. k ]uzD
\V, u u >\V k|D [V_,

VVA [ >V[ tD. M_, >uz \|D >V[ >[

coB g, cA^ c|
[V _ (> >_).
[ \BVV^? o[ xl_ BV
]BVm VmzD _V >mzD _V >VzD
B\VD, VmkVD zDBV >xBV>[D, >V_
> V^D VmzD _V >]uzD, _VzD
B\Vz\[D ] J>\VF zz kV>\VF
[u Vm [D ko> >>VzD [V.

uA [m [z V^ V^e|m [V_,
>uVm c[ kV[ z c\BV m [>BVzD.

BVV_ Fm k B\BV> ]\^ Eku

u k|D. BV ]B x>_ B\BV> ]\D,
\V^ez | \^. [ ]\D ]V.
k[ cl[ zD V> k[ \sz ]\D
]V. B\BV> B >Vw k ]\D
Fm V^V. x>_ kD B\BV> B >Vw >V[.
bz ]\D kVF_. M_
\sz s_. gV_, m >kl_ [
BV WV.
m V[ ]\e u [ \BVV^?
o_ BV [k\V V.

26

 B\BV> V^ FB |D ]\KD
E _V>keV >VKD VD. >Vkm
\\^ kD k k V]^ [ V_|D
A\D, Jw kwD, >\umD,
kEB\um\V z^ FBV> E ]\D,
_K Bu>VkVVKD gVD [ k_K^
V_Kk>V ^s|VD. ( 1942z x]Bm.
B\BV> ]\D _Vm [ 1953_ yA k>m
k]uzBm) l>VKD V^lozD kVk
c>Em > u V|>Vm, >V_ uB
[e EBD FBV\KD _VkuKD mm \D
Fm V^k> VD VVD. gk, \\ sB]_ x>_
\sB _BV m FB xBV\_ VF s>V_,
_BV m FBV\_ \\D >m [ V_
|k> s D\V] ]\_ B\BV>Vz
V^ V, >sD, x>_ \s, \\[ [V
kVm V| zD Vm \\D Fm V^e
|k>D B\BV> V^ [ g>[m [>
uD u kMVD.

\[ [AD, gD |V|z c|, m

[s>\V [VV| \V]D >V[ k|D [>V
W] s> WBVBxD >V \z >V[s_.
M_, g [m k Vk\Vm. > >V
W>]uV >|m km [m kBV \
>\BVzD. [A, g gBk u|km kz Bu
VkD [D, m >]xB>VD, c\B>VD
k|D [D, > ]Vkm, esVkm
||mkm [m k Vk]uzD Bu >mk]uzD
*>[D A V^ \^, [A kD >V[
k|D [ V_ x[ kkm x[z [ x [
V_KkVD [D D\ V>k gz V[
sB^ _VD zD Vm\[D, kzD
ge Vk u k|D [D, D\V]B kD
mV^e k|\[D, c kVsKD, x>VB]KD,
]KD, \>]KD gz^e BD, c\D
zD k|\[D Vm>V[ z
c\BV >]D u>VzD [>V| c\BV
]]\V [>D, gBD B x\[D
m[VD [D V.

27

1930-D g| z E_ E]A][ [ A B_
BV ]B sV sl_ mV.
sV :

c\BV uA m?

s :

>z ikMD >

c\BV uA.

sV :

Vo uA [V_ m?

s :

VV, VtV,
c>V, ]uV
_V>kMD, >z
> Vo

]uV, V,
Bm \]uz >D
it_V> VmD
uA.

kuV|, [ \BVV^? [ >m o_

c\BV s|> k|\VV_ AV ]

kwzD W> uA xBVam, uzD \\V

B uA x u k|D.
uAV B\u > mV
FD BV W> oBV^ aB k|D.
uAV AM[ t B Vm
V k|D [ V|\BV \>^, ^
\VBk|D.
uAV \m^ >V[D c\B[, V>
\m V| V>KD [At_V>[ k|\
[[ JV|\D aBk|D.
k, V|\^ ]_ \V]\ \^
sl_ c\ u Bu u >] u
VV\BVaB W>eVKD AV ]BVKD,
ko\ Vk[, ko\Bukz ] k> >\>VKD
VKD VxBVm [m[, \ uD, W> uD
>V[
VVD.
[D,
D\V]BV
V|\B
sk> VBD \M> J]_ kV[ >V
[V_ xBVm [ BV l>D > \B]_
c^ x[ k sDA[VD.

28

J LyP J sZ A\V XYWeh

TRUL EY] J L, J YeL Jjh\
GTU TRUL Ceh G Y|Y NVX.
A\V SyL XV LeL VVRe L
] UR Teh, RP L LP
CR TL LU S TX RYL[ UQeLe
LWQUL AUeLX. B] AUV NUR]R
EPeL VpR AY LX EY] h B Sh
TL[ Uy|U J B UQeLX G] YW VR.
J NXeiP J GR J
V, LVeiP U\ U T TLeL
T| h B AU[Rh U\L Jeh UTyP
TL[ UQTR CXR AWN NUVUL A [
TfR, ef T\ CXV S|L NyPTzV
R| Yef\L[!

D ]\Vsm,
\M>^ Vmz VD \V V| k^. VD
VD [ y\VM skV>D FB \]V>
gVB\u w VVD. uk E x[xe km
V| >uukV zD Vz E EB_ >kD m.
EB_ >kz k E c^ V^ VD. gV_,
EB BV ukeV VD >B E Ve
[m k>> F] >V[.
F]e m V^e kVFA V|>kz [
s[.

U\zVR fRY UR SP\VL URo

NPjhL[ \YY \L[LR CeL Y|
GRR, WU LReLWe Lyz E VL
fYR TWT ]R WyPP|L
U\
XV?
AR Y[ YWVeLTPR T[PeLP
E[ L G\ NXeLyz, S\ sZeh HT
TT| TeLiP AtrY, RVjhY G T,
Wy|Y NV] NVXhU?
C AV] UX E[ T\ 1000
BLeh 850 TL G\ T] fR RP
h\UV], J T, Jeh UTyP LQY L[|
YZX G\ WT YeL \ iP EYLX.
G]Y, Xf\ NRVo sZLeh RhRY YeL
SL[ YhTR APU BhU A, TZjLX
TT|, R RyP LXoNW, TZ CXefVjL
iY] G, LP,UR, U,C], RN G\ Te
L[ Uy|U AzTP VLe L|, LXeh TR
RRe iP zYRUL YeL SL[L TLY,
Y T AX GTR S N R]UL G
TR G [jh.

29

30