SINGLE LINE ANDGROUP FUNCTION

/*TO CREATE DATABASE*/ create database student /*TO CREATE TABLE*/ create table stud(sid int primary key,sname varchar(20) not null,staffname varchar(25) not null,maths int,science int,accounts int,grade varchar(3)); /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into insert into THE VALUES TO TABLE*/ stud values(1,'SREERAM','KUMARASAMY',98,43,66,'C') stud values(2,'ANITHA','MATHI',88,48,67,'B') stud values(3,'RAJESH','SIVAKUMAR',89,67,86,'B+') stud values(4,'DINESH','BALA',96,93,89,'A') stud values(5,'RAJESH','SIVA',89,67,86,'B')

/*TO VIEW THE TABLE*/ select * from stud

/*UPDATE THE DETAILS*/ update stud set grade='A' where sname='RAJESH' update stud set maths=99 where sid=103

/*TO CREATE NEW COLUMN*/ alter table stnd add game points int

/*TO UPDATE update stnd update stnd update stnd update stnd

VALUES INTO THE COLUMN*/ set gamepoints=78 where SID=101 set gamepoints=67 where SID=102 set gamepoints=45 where SID=103 set gamepoints=56 where SID=104

/*TO VIEW THE ELEMENTS WITHOUT DUPLICATION */ select distinct sname from stud

/*TO DISPLAY SPECIFIED NUMBER OF RECORDS*/ select top 3 *from stnd

select top 50 percent *from stud

/*TO PERFORM ARITHMETIC OPERATION IN SPECIFIED FIELD*/ select science-2 as science from stud

/*TO CHANGE THE COLUMN NAME TEMPORARILY*/ select sid AS stid from stud

/*TO TRUNCATE THE RECORDS*/ truncate table stud

/*TO DISPLAY FIELDS STARTS WITH SPECIFIED CHARACTER*/ select sid,sname,grade from stud where sname like'A%'

/*DISPLAY THE FIELDS END WITH SPECIFIED CHARACTER*/ select sid,sname from stud where sname like'%h'

/*TO DISPLAY THE FIELDS BASED ON SECOND AND THIRD CHARACTER*/ select sname,grade FROM stud where sname like'_N%'

select sid,grade FROM stud where sname like'__J%'

/*TO DISPLAY THE DETAILS BASED ON ORDER*/ select *from stud order by SID DESC

select sname,grade from stud order by sname ASC

/*TO DISPLAY USING BETWEEN OPERATION*/ select sid,maths,science,accounts,grade from stud where science between 50 and 80

/*TO display fields two conditions*/ select sid,sname,grade from stud where sname like'r%'and grade like'%a'

/*TO PERFORM CONDITIONAL OPERATION*/ select sname,sid,science from stud where accounts<50

select sname,sid,science from stud where accounts>50

select sid,sname,fname,grade from stud where science>85 and science<95

/*DROP THE COLUMN*/ alter table stud drop column gamepoints

/*TO DROP A RECORDS*/ delete from stud where sid=104

/*RENAME THE TABLE*/ exec sp_rename 'stud','stddd' /*RENAME A COLUMN*/ exec sp_rename 'stddd.[sid]','rno','column'

/*SINGLE LINE FUNCTION*/ select lower('GOWTHA') as lower

select upper('abdul') as upper

select substring ('saravanan',2,6) as substring

select len('sathya')

select replace ('shanmugam','a','s') as replace

select ltrim('gow*****') as name

select rtrim('******saran') as name

select left('karthik',3) as name;

select right('karthik',3) as name;

select reverse ('santhosh')

select charindex('l','abdul')as index1

select SNAME+','+space(2)+'ARAJAN' from stnd2 where SNAME='SREERAM'

/*NUMERIC OPERATION*/ select round(129.647363,6),round(1234.89855,3)

select power(5,3)

select ABS(-546)

select sqrt(49)

select isnumeric('s')

select isnumeric(1)

select ceiling(123.45)

select floor(-132.767),floor(45.89),floor(132.78)

/*Date function*/ select getdate()as date

select day('6/12/2011')as day ,month('8/12/2011') as month,year('8/12/2011') as Year

select datename(month,getdate())as monthname

select datepart(month,getdate())as monthpart

select dateadd(day,10,'2/2/2011')as addday

select datediff(day,'1/4/2011','1/5/2011')as differentday

select isdate ('9/12/2011')

select isdate ('fgg')

/*USE AGGREGATE FUNCTION*/

select min(maths)as maths from stddd

select max(maths)as maths from stddd

select sum(science)as sience from stddd

select count(rno)as rno from stddd

select count(distinct grade)as grade from stddd

select avg (accounts)from stddd

/*GROUP FUNCTION*/ select sname,sum(maths) from stnd2 group by sname having sum(maths)>50

/*DROP THE TABLE*/ drop table stddd

JOIN AND SET OPERATION

/*TO CREATE DATABASE*/ create database employee /*TO CREATE TABLE1*/ create table emp1(ename varchar(20),city varchar(20),phno int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp1 values emp1 values emp1 values emp1 values TABLE*/ ('arun','selam',245436) ('krishna','chennai',287680) ('rahul','erode',213465) ('karthik','madurai',209867)

/*TO CREATE TABLE2*/ create table emp2(ename varchar(20),dest varchar(20),salary int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp2 values emp2 values emp2 values emp2 values TABLE*/ ('karthik','managing directer',15000) ('saran','manager',10000) ('rahul','asst manager',8500) ('krishna','prj manager',5600)

/*JOIN OPERATIONS*/ /*INNER JOIN*/ select emp1.ename,emp1.city from emp1 inner join emp2 emp1.ename= emp2.ename on

/*LEFT OUTER JOIN*/ select emp1.ename,emp1.city,emp2.salary from emp1 left outer join emp2 on emp1.ename= emp2.ename

/*RIGHT OUTER JOIN*/ select emp1.city,emp2.dest from emp1 right outer join emp2 emp1.ename= emp2.ename

on

/*FULL JOIN*/ select * from emp1 full join emp2

on emp1.ename= emp2.ename

/*SET OPERATION*/ /* TO CREATE TABLE3 */ create table emp3 (eid int primary key,ename varchar(20),place varchar(20)) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO TABLE*/ emp3 values(1,'karthik','chennai') emp3 values(2,'ram','chennai') emp3 values(3,'deva','coimbatore') emp3 values(4,'bala','selem')

/* TO CREATE TABLE4 */ create table emp4 (eid int,ename varchar(20),place varchar(20)foreign key(eid) references emp3,phno int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp4 values emp4 values emp4 values emp4 values TABLE*/ (1,'arun','cbe',3434) (2,'ram','chennai',287680) (3,'rahul','erode',213465) (4,'karthik','chennai',209867)

/*UNION OPERATION*/ (select ename,place from emp3) union (select ename,place from emp4)

/*UNION ALL OPERATION*/ (select ename,place from from emp4)

emp3)

union

all

(select

ename,place

/*INTERSECTION OPERATION */ (select ename from emp3) intersect (select ename from emp4)

(select distinct ename from emp3) intersect (select ename from emp4)

/*EXCEPT OPERATION*/ (select ename from emp3) except (select ename from emp4)

/*TO VIEW TABLE1*/ select * from emp

2.TCL COMMANDS
/*TO CREATE DATABASE*/ create database stud /*TO CTREATE TABLE*/ create table std(sno int,sname varchar(20),phno int) /*TO INSERT VALUES INTO TABLE*/ insert into std values(1,'arun',246546) insert into std values(2,'raj',256734)

/*TO BEGIN TRANSACTION*/ begin transaction stu /*TO SAVE THE TRANSACTION*/ save transaction stu
/*TO CREATE NEW COLUMN*/ alter table std add total int

/*TO UPDATE VALUES INTO THE COLUMN*/ update std set total=780 where sno=1 update std set total=670 where sno=2 update std set total=450 where sno=3 update std set total=560 where sno=4

update std set phno=678575 where sno =1 update std set phno=565556 where sno =2

/*TO CREATE NEW COLUMN*/ alter table stud add total int /*TO UPDATE update stud update stud update stud update stud VALUES INTO THE COLUMN*/ set total=780 where sid=1 set total=670 where sid=2 set total=450 where sid=3 set total=560 where sid=4

/* TO ROLLBACK TO PREVIOUS TRANSACTION*/ rollback transaction stu

/* TO SAVE CHANGES PERMONENTLY*/ commit transaction stu /* TO VIEW THE TABLE*/ select * from std

3.JOIN,SET OPERATION and sub quries

/*TO CREATE DATABASE*/ create database employee /*TO CREATE TABLE1*/ create table emp1(ename varchar(20),city varchar(20),phno int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp1 values emp1 values emp1 values emp1 values TABLE*/ ('arun','selam',245436) ('krishna','chennai',287680) ('rahul','erode',213465) ('karthik','madurai',209867)

/*TO CREATE TABLE2*/ create table emp2(ename varchar(20),dest varchar(20),salary int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp2 values emp2 values emp2 values emp2 values TABLE*/ ('karthik','managing directer',15000) ('saran','manager',10000) ('rahul','asst manager',8500) ('krishna','prj manager',5600)

/*TO VIEW TABLE*/ select * from emp1

/*JOIN OPERATIONS*/ /*INNER JOIN*/ select emp1.ename,emp1.city from emp1 inner join emp2 emp1.ename= emp2.ename on

/*LEFT OUTER JOIN*/ select emp1.ename,emp1.city,emp2.salary from emp1 left outer join emp2 on emp1.ename= emp2.ename

/*RIGHT OUTER JOIN*/ select emp1.city,emp2.dest from emp1 right outer join emp2 emp1.ename= emp2.ename

on

/*FULL JOIN*/ select * from emp1 full join emp2

on emp1.ename= emp2.ename

/*SET OPERATION*/ /* TO CREATE TABLE3 */ create table emp3 (eid int primary key,ename varchar(20),place varchar(20)) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO TABLE*/ emp3 values(1,'karthik','chennai') emp3 values(2,'ram','chennai') emp3 values(3,'deva','coimbatore') emp3 values(4,'bala','selem')

/* TO CREATE TABLE4 */ create table emp4 (eid int,ename varchar(20),place varchar(20)foreign key(eid) references emp3,phno int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO emp4 values emp4 values emp4 values emp4 values TABLE*/ (1,'arun','cbe',3434) (2,'ram','chennai',287680) (3,'rahul','erode',213465) (4,'karthik','chennai',209867)

/*UNION OPERATION*/ (select ename,place from emp3) union (select ename,place from emp4)

/*UNION ALL OPERATION*/ (select ename,place from from emp4)

emp3)

union

all

(select

ename,place

/*INTERSECTION OPERATION */ (select ename from emp3) intersect (select ename from emp4)

(select distinct ename from emp3) intersect (select ename from emp4)

/*EXCEPT OPERATION*/ (select ename from emp3) except (select ename from emp4)

/*TO VIEW TABLE1*/ select * from emp4

4.VIEWS,cursors and functions

/* TO CREATE DATABASE*/ create database empl /* TO CREATE TABLE*/ create table emp (eid int,ename varchar(20),basicpay int) /*TO INSERT insert into insert into insert into insert into VALUES INTO TABLE*/ emp values (1,'arun',10000) emp values (2,'ram',12000) emp values (3,'rahul',15000) emp values (4,'karthik',23000)

/*TO CRATE VIEW*/ create view emply as select eid,ename,basicpay from emp /*TO VIEW NAME WHOSE BASIC PAY GREATER THAN 10000*/ select ename from emply where basicpay>10000

/*TO PERFORM ARTHMETIC OPERATION IN VIEW*/ select ename ,basicpay*2 from emp where eid=3

/*TO UPDATE VALUES INTO YHE VIEW */ update emply set basicpay=30000 where eid=3

/*TO VIEW TABLE*/ select * from emp

/*TO VIEW THE VIEW */ select * from emply

/*TO DROP THE TABLE */ drop table emp /*TO DROP THE VIEW */ drop view emply