May/June 2009
May/June 2009
May/June 2009
TM
MAY/JUNE 2009
A New Kid on the Block:
2ML70 (RPO M99) 2-Mode
Making an Already Heavy Duty
Allison LCT 1000... Really Heavy Duty!
Whatever It Takes:
Raising The Bar in the
Transmission Industry.
CVR-5609c.indd 2 5/5/09 9:18:20 AM
F4A51 Outside
Valve Body
F4A51 Lower
Valve Body
2B.
2B.
4.
3.
2A.
2A.
Automatic Drive P.O. Box 440 Bellows Falls, VT 05101-0440 USA 800-843-2600 802-463-9722
F: 802-463-4059 www.sonnax.com info@sonnax.com
2009 Sonnax Industries, Inc.
PROBLEM SOLUTION Tool Required Part Number
Worn accumulator bores
Soft/harsh shifts 1. Accumulator Piston with Dual Seals 41954-02K
Delayed/shudder engagements
Shift/flare or shuttle shifts
No Orifice 41954-06K
Cycling RPM during shift 2. Pressure Control Valve & Sleeve Kits
Delayed engagements
With Orifice 41954-07K
Low/high line pressure
Soft/harsh shifts 3. Oversized Pressure Regulator Valve F-41954-TL & VB-FIX FWD Only 41954-01K
Low converter pressure
Converter apply/release issues
Excess slip RPM 4. TCC Control Valve & Sleeve Kit 41954-03K
Cycling TCC RPM
Sonnax is Geared-up for Mitsubishi Family*
*
These Solutions may be used in Mitsubishi
F4A41/42/51, R4/V4A51, R5/V5A51, F5A51,
A5HF1 & A5GF1; 1996 - Up.
Multiple valve body styles & config-
urations exist. More information is
available at www.sonnax.com.
1.
V5A51
Valve Body
4.
2A
2B
2B
2A
SonnaxIFC.indd 2 4/30/09 10:40:45 AM
SPECIAL INTEREST & TECHNICAL
4 A New Kid on the Block: 2ML70 (RPO M99) 2-Mode, Part 2
by Steve Garrett
10 Mercedes 722.9 Preliminary Information,
Part 2 by Mike Souza
14 Peanut Butter and Jelly Again! by Thom Tschetter
16 Whatever It Takes:Raising The Bar in the
Transmission Industry
20 PLAYING WITH FIRE: Old and New Fixes for Fords Family
of HD Transmissions by Jon Rodriguez
28 Move On, Operations Manual!
by Paul Mathewson
32 Making an Already Heavy Duty Allison LCT 1000
Really Heavy Duty! by David Skora
36 Teaching an Old Dog New TricksMuscling Up the 2004R
by Christoforos Kokkonis
48 WHAT'S WORKING: More Than Half Full by Dennis Madden
50 Conduct a Site Safety Inspection by Judy Kerry
53 ATRA's Powertrain Expo 2009
59 MEMBERSHIP MATTERS: ATRA Websites: Bringing in
Better Business and Bigger Bucks by Kelly Hilmer
DEPARTMENTS
2 FROM THE CEO: Sometimes
You Just Need a Little Nudge
by Dennis Madden
62 ATRA News
65 Powertrain Industry News
69 Shoppers and Classified
76 List of Advertisers
G
EARS
The views expressed in this publication should not necessarily be interpreted as
the official policy of the Automatic Transmission Rebuilders Association (ATRA).
Publication of product information or any advertising does not imply recommenda-
tion by ATRA.
GEARS, a publication of ATRA, 2400 Latigo Avenue, Oxnard, CA 93030,
is published for the betterment of the transmission industry and is distributed
nine times per year. No part of this issue may be reproduced without prior written
permission of the publisher. GEARS is distributed to members of the transmis-
sion industry in the United States, Canada, ATRA Members in Mexico & Europe,
and related automotive industry firms and individually. Send changes of address
to GEARS in care of ATRA. Subscriptions are available by contacting GEARS
in care of ATRA.
Advertisers and advertising agencies assume full liability for all content of
advertisements printed and also assume full responsibility for any claims arising
therefrom against the publisher. The publisher reserves the unqualified right to
reject any advertising copy as it deems appropriate, with or without cause.
GEARS is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard
to the subject matter covered. It is distributed with the understanding the publisher
is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional service. If legal
advice or other expert assistance, is required, the services of a competent profes-
sional person should be sought from a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted
by a Committee of the American Bar Association and Committee of Publishers.
GEARS also welcomes articles submitted by members of the industry.
GEARS considers all articles for publication that contribute positively to the
welfare of the transmission industry, and reserves the right to edit all articles it
publishes. If you would like to submit an article to GEARS, include background
information about the author and a telephone number where he/she may be reached.
If you want submissions returned, enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Chief Executive Officer Dennis Madden
Managing Editor Rodger Bland
Technical Director Lance Wiggins
Advertising Frank Pasley
Senior Designer Jeanette Troub
Contributing Editors Steve Bodofsky
Christoforos Kokkonis Paul Mathewson
Thom Tschetter
ATRA Technical Staff Bill Brayton
Mike Brown Steve Garrett
Pete Huscher Jon Rodriguez
Randall Schroeder Dave Skora
Mike Souza
Director of Membership & IT Svc Kelly Hilmer
Seminars & Convention Manager Vanessa Velasquez
Bookstore Manager Shaun Velasquez
Publications Mail Agreement No. 40031403
Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to:
Station A, PO Box 54, Windsor, ON N9A 6J5
Email: gears@atra.com
Issue #139 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ATRA 2009
Editorial and Business Offices
2400 Latigo Avenue, Oxnard CA 93030
Phone (805) 604-2000
Fax (805) 604-2006
www.gearsmagazine.com
www.atra.com
www.atraonline.com
MAY/JUNE 2009
PHONE (805) 604-2000 FAX (805) 604-2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Old and New Fixes for Fords
Family of HD Transmissions
Page 20
COMPUTER DIAGNOSTICS ELECTRONICS REPROGRAMMING
A-1 Transmission Deals
With A Code P2123
Page 4
Mercedes 722.9 Preliminary
Information,
Page 10
G
EARS
On The Cover: Whatever It Takes:
Raising The Bar in the Transmission Industry.
(Paid Advertisement)
Page 16
TOC 5609.indd 2 5/5/09 9:36:02 AM
2 GEARS May/June 2009
FROM THE CEO
by Dennis Madden
Sometimes
You Just Need
a Little Nudge
M
ost of you understand the
importance of training. You
go to the weekend semi-
nars, or maybe take a trip to Expo each
year. But regardless of the specifics,
you try to keep up with the technologi-
cal changes to our industry and make
sure you know how to work on the new
transmissions coming down the pike.
A lot of shop owners even take in
a management seminar here or there to
learn new ideas to help their businesses.
Some even look a bit deeper, taking in
a workshop or extensive training that
covers a range of business principles,
over a period of weeks or even months.
The point is, training is important, and
we all know it.
But sometimes implementing that
training or making changes to your
business is an entirely different story.
How often do you learn a new idea that
looks terrific on paper, but then find
it hard to work it into your business
process? Or you discover a new system
or process and then, a year later, realize
youve never managed to get around to
implementing it?
Its not that youre procrastinating
(at least, not intentionally); its that you
have a business to run, and sometimes
the day-to-day details and emergencies
get in the way of making those creative
changes that look so good in the class-
room.
Those daily details are among
the most common reasons managers
and business owners have difficulty
implementing new procedures, and put-
ting what they learned into action.
Remember, one of the five recurring
traits we found in all successful business
owners from our Whats Working study
was that they are people of ACTION.
But how do you spring into action
when youre mired in minutia? What
can you do to give yourself that critical
nudge in the right direction? Maybe
its time for you to bring in a business
coach.
A few months ago I did just that.
It was difficult at first because, hey I
get things done. I can work on multiple
projects at the same time. Ive earned a
black belt in Six Sigma and know how
to maximize my time. Why would I
need a business coach?
But what I didnt realize was I was
also getting mired in work that others
should be doing, and that those tasks
were eating into my strategic planning
time: some of the most important activ-
ities a manger should be working on.
Doing too much and wearing too many
hats is easy to spot when you look at
someone else, but its not always so
easy to see in yourself.
With so few people buying new
cars these days, the opportunities to
improve your business are here today
right now. If youve made plans to
develop a new fleet account program,
sell new wholesale accounts, work on a
community-based marketing program,
hold a car care clinic, or any number of
other, worthwhile activities to improve
your business, but end up leaving those
ideas on the drawing board for months
on end, you need to consider a manage-
ment coach.
It isnt so much that these coaches
know more about your business than
you do; chances are they wont. But
theyll be more likely to notice when
you start reaching for that fourth hat,
and say Hey, you shouldnt be doing
that. Leave that for someone else.
Theyre the ones who can give you
that nudge you need to work on whats
important for your business and your
bottom line.
With just a little nudge, youll find
ways to get that car care clinic set up,
visit your wholesale accounts, and do
all the things youve been thinking
about for months (if not years).
So where do you find a man-
agement consultant or coach? A good
place to start is the ATRA web site,
at www.atra.com/consultants. There
youll find consultants that specialize
in the transmission businesses. You can
also go to the Institute of Management
Consultants web site at www.imcusa.
org and learn more about how to go
about selecting a consultant.
You may not even know exactly
what you need. Thats okay; a good
consultant will be able to assess your
business, and by understanding where
you want to go, be able to help you
implement a plan to get you there.
Training is important for any busi-
ness. Planning even more so. But some-
times the most important thing to help
your business move forward is just
getting a little nudge.
Training is important
for any business.
Planning even more so.
2FmCeo409.indd 2 4/29/09 9:26:34 AM
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4 GEARS May/June 2009
A New Kid on the Block: 2ML70 (RPO M99) 2-Mode, Part 2
W
e left off last time with
an overview of the 2ML70
transmission. In this issue,
well explore the inner workings of this
unit to see what makes it tick.
Output Speed Sensor (OSS)
The output speed sensor is a Hall
Effect-type sensor (figure 1). Internally,
the sensor consists of two Hall Effect
circuits, allowing it to sense both speed
and direction. The two sensor elements
in the OSS assembly are spaced about
a half-tooth apart.
When the vehicle moves forward,
sensor A detects the synch tooth before
sensor B. When the vehicle moves in
reverse, sensor B detects the synch
tooth before sensor A. The sensor is
connected to the TEHCM (control
solenoid with body and TCM) via the
internal wiring harness.
The sensor receives an 8.39.3V
bias voltage signal from the TEHCM.
by Steve Garrett
A New Kid on the Block:
2ML70 (RPO M99)
2-Mode, Part 2
Figure 1
4-garrettp2.indd 4 4/29/09 1:24:13 PM
GEARS May/June 2009 5
As the output shaft rotates, the sensor
creates a square wave signal. It has
a target valve of 8.8V but has an
acceptable range of 8.3-9.3V. The
electronics in the sensor combine the
two signals and output a signal with
a different pulse width. The TCM
interprets this signal to measure speed
and direction.
Internal Mode Switch
(IMS)
The IMS (Internal Mode Switch,
figure 2) operates similar to other
IMS applications. The IMS tells the
TEHCM and the Hybrid Powertrain
Control Module (HPCM) which gear
range youve selected, and acts as a
P/N safety switch.
The TECHM sends an 8.39.3V
bias voltage to the IMS on circuits A,
B, C and P. The switch is mounted
internally on the shift linkage. As the
linkage rotates, the contacts of the
switch open or close. This creates either
a high or low signal on the circuit.
Unlike other applications, the
2ML70 IMS has five additional outputs:
R1, R2, D1, D2 and S. These outputs
signal the Hybrid Powertrain Control
Module (HPCM) regarding IMS direc-
tion of movement. This information
is used for P/N starting and motor
control. (Chart 1)
IMS CIRCUITS/
PARAMETER
Selector Position
Park Reverse Neutral Drive Manual
Direction Switch Operating Conditions:
Ignition on, range selector in appropriate gear
Direction IMS D1 HIGH HIGH LOW LOW LOW
Direction IMS D2 LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH
Direction IMS R1 HIGH LOW LOW HIGH HIGH
Direction IMS R2 LOW HIGH HIGH LOW LOW
Direction IMS Start LOW HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH
Range Switch Operating Conditions:
Ignition On, range selector in appropriate gear.
IMS A LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH
IMS B HIGH LOW LOW LOW HIGH
IMS C HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW
IMS P LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
Always HIGH status: Open/short to voltage
CHART 1
Figure 2
The IMS tells the
TEHCM and the
Hybrid Powertrain
Control Module
(HPCM) which
gear range youve
selected, and acts
as a P/N safety
switch.
4-garrettp2.indd 5 5/1/09 3:34:35 PM
6 GEARS May/June 2009
A New Kid on the Block: 2ML70 (RPO M99) 2-Mode, Part 2
Control Solenoid with Body
and TCM (TEHCM)
The TEHCM is built by Bosch and
operates like the 6L80/90/50 applica-
tions. The TECHM contains six vari-
able bleed solenoids (only five are
used):
Two On/Off solenoids
Four pressure switches
One Transmission Fluid
Temperature (TFT) sensor
Two internal TCM temperature
sensors
and a TCM, all housed in a
single, non-serviceable assembly.
The TEHCM bolts to the valve
body. You must remove the bottom pan
to service it. The TEHCM controls the
hydraulic shifts, shift points, and shift
feel for the transmission. As with other
applications, the TEHCM is program-
mable (figure 3, page 8).
Shift Solenoid Sequence
See Chart 2, above.
Fluid Pressure Switches
See Chart 3, above.
Modes of Operation
Engine Starting Two-mode
applications dont use a conventional
starter. Instead, the system relies on the
transmission motor/generator to crank
the engine. The 300-volt, 3-phase AC
GEAR
Park Reverse Neutral D
P EVT R N EVT Low 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
EVT
High
Shift Solenoid 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF
Shift Solenoid 2 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON
Line PC Solenoid 1 NH ON ON/OFF* ON ON/OFF* ON ON ON ON ON
PC Solenoid 2 Trim NH OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON
PC Solenoid 3 Trim NH OFF ON OFF ON ON ON OFF ON OFF
PC Solenoid 4 Trim NL OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF OFF
PC Solenoid 5 NL OFF ON/OFF* OFF ON/OFF* OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
13 Clutch A A
4th Clutch A
Hybrid Low 12 Clutch A A A A
Hybrid Direct 23-4 Clutch A A A A
ON = The solenoid valve is energized hydraulically.
OFF = The solenoid valve is de-energized hydraulically.
NL = Normally Low; when the solenoid is OFF, the solenoid has no output pressure.
NH = Normally High; when the solenoid is OFF, solenoid output pressure is present.
A = Applied
*When the engine is running, the line pressure control solenoid is ON (pressurized) and the pressure control
solenoid 5 is OFF (no pressure). When the engine is off (auto stop), the line pressure control solenoid is OFF
(no pressure) and the pressure control solenoid 5 is ON (pressurized).
GEAR TFP SW 1 *TFP SW 3 TFP SW 4 TFP SW 5
M1 [48 km/h (30 mph)] Low Low Low High
M2 [48 km/h (30 mph)] Low Low Low High
M3 [48 km/h (30 mph)] Low Low Low Low
M4 [48 km/h (30 mph)] High High High High
Power OFF Low Low Low Low
High = 12V (Switch Open or Pressurized)
Low = 0 volts (Switch Closed or No Pressure)
Note: All TFP switches are normally closed (NC)
*TFP switch 2 isnt used
CHART 2
CHART 3
4-garrettp2.indd 6 4/29/09 1:24:53 PM
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prec-plcd.indd 7 3/13/09 1:52:09 PM
8 GEARS May/June 2009
A New Kid on the Block: 2ML70 (RPO M99) 2-Mode, Part 2
motors can rotate the engine to crank-
ing speeds that exceed 800 RPM in less
than a few hundred milliseconds.
Auto Stop/Auto Start After
the engines running, the Hybrid
Powertrain Control Module (HPCM)
may operate the engine in Auto Stop/
Auto Start mode. The Auto Stop feature
is designed to reduce emissions output
and engine wear, and improve fuel
economy in city driving conditions.
Engine Off and Auto Stop modes
of operation will be displayed on the
tachometer. When the tachometer nee-
dle indicates OFF, Auto Stop wont
function. If the tachometer indicates
AUTOSTOP, the engine may restart
whenever the vehicle meets the proper
parameters.
Auto Stop may activate when these
conditions are present:
Engine running
Hood closed
ECM isnt requesting diagnostic
information
Gear selector isnt in Reverse or
Manual position
Hybrid battery state of charge
exceeds 20%
Hybrid battery voltage, tempera-
ture and power within limits
Engine warm
Drive motor/generators within
temperature limits
Power Inverter Module (PIM) tem-
perature within limits
No Hybrid system faults present
The Hybrid Powertrain Control
Module (HPCM) has determined
that engine power isnt required
The 2-mode system doesnt require
engine operation to propel the vehicle
down the road. The Hybrid Powertrain
Control Module (HPCM) may shut the
engine off (AUTO STOP) when it deter-
mines engine power isnt required. If
the Hybrid Powertrain Control Module
(HPCM) determines that additional
power is needed, the Auto Start will
occur and drive motor 1 will be used to
start the engine. This may occur even
when the vehicle is in motion if its
operating in electric mode.
Auto start may activate without
notice if any of these conditions occur:
Hood opened
ECM requests the engine to run
Gear selector in Reverse or Manual
position
Hybrid battery charge low
Hybrid battery voltage, tempera-
ture or power limits exceeded
Engine coolant temperature (ECT)
too low
Drive motor/generator temperature
limits exceeded
Power Inverter Module (PIM) tem-
perature limits exceeded
The Hybrid Powertrain Control
Module (HPCM) determined
engine power is required
A Hybrid system fault present
EVT Mode
Three electronic drive modes are
available: Reverse, Low and High.
High Mode 2 When you select
High mode, the following occurs:
PCS trim solenoid 3 is commanded
off
Shift solenoid 1 is commanded off
#3 pressure switch opens
#1 pressure switch opens
#4 pressure switch opens
2-3-4 clutch is applied
Front motor 1 drives the vehicle
Low Mode 1; Engine Off When
you select Low mode, the following
occurs:
PCS trim solenoid 5 is commanded
on
Line pressure PCS is commanded
off
Auxiliary pump is turned on
1-2 clutch applies
Rear motor 2 drives the vehicle
Low Mode 1; Engine On When
you select Low mode, the following
occurs:
PCS 3 is commanded on
PCS 5 is commanded off
1-2 clutch applies
Front motor 1 starts the engine
Rear motor 2 drives the vehicle if
speeds are less than 2532 mph
Reverse Mode When you select
Reverse, the following occurs:
PCS 3 is commanded on
1-2 clutch applies
Rear motor 2 operates to drive the
vehicle in reverse
Regenerative Braking/
Blended Braking
When the vehicle is decelerating
or coasting, the Hybrid Powertrain
Control Module (HPCM) can switch
the system into regeneration mode. In
this mode the motors act as generators
to charge the Hybrid battery. As the
motors switch to generator mode, they
exert force on the drive train, which
helps slow the vehicle.
Blended braking is also available
with the 2-mode system. When you
apply the brakes, drive motor 2 switch-
es to generator mode, which slows the
vehicle.
Communication between the
Hybrid Powertrain Control Module
(HPCM) and Electronic Brake Control
Module (EBCM) allows the 2 mode
system to interface transparently with
the vehicles braking system. This fea-
ture extends brake life in city driving.
So until next time, remember:
Success is built on the ability to do bet-
ter than good enough.
Figure 3
The TEHCM bolts to the
valve body. You must
remove the bottom pan
to service it. The TEHCM
controls the hydraulic shifts,
shift points, and shift feel for
the transmission. As with other
applications, the TEHCM is
programmable.
4-garrettp2.indd Sec1:8 4/29/09 1:25:25 PM
raybestos509.indd 9 4/29/09 1:39:10 PM
10 GEARS May/June 2009
Mercedes 722.9
Preliminary
Information, Part 2
by Mike Souza
Figure 1
W
e left off in the last article
verifying the type of fluid
required for the Mercedes
722.9. We also mentioned that it had a
different shift strategy, powerflow, and
some unusual or unique features associ-
ated with it. Before we go into those,
lets begin with the procedures for fluid
exchange or transmission service for
this unit.
The oil pan youre accustomed
to on earlier Mercedes transmissions
has been redesigned. Theres no lon-
ger a filler tube on the transmission
case. Now its filled and the fluid level
checked through an overflow tube (fig-
ure 1).
This new design pan has also been
updated. The overflow tube, which clips
onto the pan, and overall pan depth
have been increased. The updated pan
is now 3mm deeper and the overflow
tube is 13.5mm longer than the previ-
ous design (figure 2); you can identify
the new pan by its white color. This
updated pan now holds 0.2 liters more
fluid than the older pan. If you remove
the earlier design pan for repairs, you
should update to the later design, part
#220-270-09-12.
Now lets look at one of the unusu-
al shift features built into the shift
strategy of this 7-speed automatic trans-
mission. This transmission has a clutch- Figure 2
10souza.indd 10 4/29/09 1:43:46 PM
GEARS May/June 2009 11
on-clutch, sequential shift strategy, similar to the 722.6. The
722.9 can also skip gears on downshift, provided one clutch
member is released and one is applied, as shown in the chart
in figure 3.
Something else thats new for Mercedes is the cooler lines
no longer have threads or banjo-type fittings. The cooler lines
are sealed with rubber O-rings on push-in type fittings, secured
with a retaining bolt (figure 4).
The next component change was the transmission hous-
ing (case) and converter housing (bellhousing) material. The
converter housing is die-cast aluminum, and the transmission
housing is die-cast magnesium. This change reduced weight
compared to aluminum by 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). This combination
requires aluminum bolts, because steel bolts have a different
expansion rate, and because of corrosion. Always replace the
aluminum bolts whenever youve removed them from the unit.
The intermediate panel or gasket was made from an alu-
minum sheet with an elastomer coating. This gasket extends
beyond the sealing surfaces of the converter and transmission
housing, to prevent water from settling on the transmission
housing. Standing water (especially salt water) can corrode
magnesium in as little as eight weeks. The gasket lip faces for-
ward and can be reused if theres no damage to the elastomer
coating (figure 5).
There was also a slight change to the crescent-type pump;
although the same design as the 722.6, theres an additional
recess on the suction side to help reduce intake noise. This
modification will probably start showing up on later 722.6
Figure 3
Figure 4 Figure 5
There was also a slight change to the
crescent-type pump; although the same
design as the 722.6, theres an additional
recess on the suction side to help reduce
intake noise.
10souza.indd 11 4/29/09 1:43:57 PM
12 GEARS May/June 2009
transmissions. Future pump housings and gears may be
made of aluminum to reduce weight and handle high tem-
peratures (figure 6).
This next feature is unusual, but its also being used on
some BMW models with ZF6HP26 transmissions: Some
late model vehicles with the 722.9 will be equipped with
shift-by-wire, called Direct Select. These systems have no
mechanical connection to a shifter in the passenger com-
partment.
An Intelligent Servo Module (ISM) mounts to the left
rear of the case, just above the pan rail. As you can see in
figure 7, this electronically-controlled motor (module) is
quite large. The module will control and monitor the shift
valve lever position.
If the vehicles electrical system fails, theres a back-
up, Emergency P function to release the transmission from
park. A spare battery underneath the floor panel on the
passenger side of the vehicle will energize the module in
emergency mode.
In figure 8 you can see how it splines onto the manual
valve control shaft; a closer look at the back of the module
identifies the detents. Figure 9 is an inside look at how the
module is designed.
Well, thats it for this issue; look for the powerflow
charts in part III of this series in the August issue of
GEARS.
Mercedes 722.9 Preliminary Information, Part 2
Figure 6
Figure 8 Figure 9
Figure 7
10souza.indd 12 4/29/09 1:44:10 PM
T. 419.499.25O2 F. 419.499.28O4 www.TransTec.com Nilan, 0H 4484O
Mork and Mindy are long gone, along with $2.00
movie tickets and gas at 70 cents a gallon. But
TransTec
4
th
), C2 (4
th
5
th
) or C3 (reverse, 3
rd
and 5
th
) clutches glaze or burn.
Watch for TCC slip codes or blued
converters.
These types of issues can occur
suddenly or after many miles of use.
You might also see oil leaks at the
torque converter mounting pads.
Some drivers may
complain of a bumpy 4-3
or 5-3 kickdown, inter-
mittent drainback, erratic
shifts, broken extension
housing, or a stripped P2
planet. These problems
may be caused by high
mileage, lack of mainte-
nance, or excessive loads
placed on the transmis-
sion.
Hopefully the driver
or owner will be able to
shed some light on why
a failure occurred. This
includes finding out what
the truck is used for, what
modifications have been
done to the engine, and
any maintenance history. Excess loads
or engine modifications can cause
clutch wear, converter failure, or bro-
ken or stripped hubs.
If the truck is loaded above its
rated capacity or the engine output has
been increased, you should upgrade
the transmission to handle the excess
loads.
CAUTIoN: Any changes to the
unit or TCM controls that arent man-
ufacturer approved will immediately
void any factory warranties.
Vehicles that are driven within their
rated capacity and receive regular ser-
vice should experience a very long life
from this unit. Even when no engine
modifications have been made, erratic
shifting can result from not servicing
the oil and filters at regular intervals.
occasionally a unit will have a
failed clutch or stripped planet because
the driving conditions or loads were
changed suddenly. For example: The
truck was used for commuting all spring
with no trouble. Then on Saturday the
weather was good enough to take the
familys 36-foot powerboat out to the
lake. Within 2 miles the SERVICE
TRANS light came on and it stopped
pulling.
over the last 9 years of its produc-
tion, there have been several oEM
improvements to this unit and its parts.
ATRA has presented the oEM improve-
ments in several seminars. Most of the
updates are in the 2004 and 2005 ATRA
seminar manuals. These include an
updated pump, sealing rings, pressure
regulator valves and spring, revised C1
Making
an Already Heavy Duty
Allison LCT 1000
Really Heavy Duty!
Figure 1
by David Skora by David Skora
superior 5609.indd 33 4/30/09 11:13:40 AM
34 GEARS May/June 2009
and C2 clutch pistons, sun gears, and
P3 planet assembly.
If you dont have a copy of the
2004 and 2005 seminar manuals, you
can find the information on the web at
www.atra.com.
Aftermarket suppliers have also
come up with many improvements
both for increased longevity and loads.
Fortunately, there are a lot of good
things that already exist in the LCT
1000. These include the pump assem-
bly, the planets, the front case, and the
lubrication system. The valve body
design is good as long as its clean, flat
and torqued back together carefully.
And its a pretty easy unit to rebuild,
partly because there are no sprags to put
in backward.
Lets take a closer
look at some common
areas affected by over-
working this unit.
The standard convert-
er used on early units is
known for distorting the
lug mounts. Even though
there are 6 of them, when
overloaded, they can bend
the converter cover so
much they cause lockup
slip and eventually split
the cover and start leak-
ing oil.
Later converters
include larger lug mounts
for greater strength. They
also have a reinforced
damper and stronger hub
support. There are several
aftermarket sources, such
as Suncoast, TCR, and TCI, who make
single- or triple-plate converters with a
billet front cover.
The other critical areas are the C1,
C2 and C3 clutches. Take a look at
the C1 apply piston from a stock unit
(figure 1). The narrow mark around the
outer edge is the only contact the C1
apply piston makes. Under heavy load
and increased line pressure, this design
can distort the plates and frictions.
Look at the C2 frictions and steels
(figure 2). The friction material is
glazed and the steels have hot spots in
three areas. These happen to be lined up
with the spring return plate (interesting,
huh?).
The C3 frictions are just glazed (all
of them, not just this one), a sure sign of
overheating (figure 3). This damage is
typical from a truck that either has lots
of miles or was overloaded.
The C4 and C5 clutch dont seem
to have as many issues. Of course, if
youre building a unit to handle greater
loads or more engine torque than stock,
youd want to upgrade these clutches
as well. If the vehicle is stock and
not overloaded, the stock clutch setup
should be more than adequate. For
extreme use, read on.
The aftermarket offers many
improvements for LCT 1000. Heavy
duty converters are available from a
variety of sources.
There are two main suppliers of
performance clutch kits. Each has a their
own design. Alto offers a set of one-
sided steel frictions for the C1 clutch
(152755). Theyre made of carbonite
to withstand the heat. Their C2 clutch
kit (152756) includes 8 red-lined fric-
tion plates and 8 kolene steels. The C3
clutch kit includes 5 red-lined friction
plates and 4 kolene steels (152757).
Raybestos has brought their ZPAK
concept to the Allison unit. The C1
clutch kit (RSP-001) includes a thicker
apply plate to distribute the pressure
more evenly across the clutch stack.
Their C2 clutch kit (RZP-002) includes
single-sided frictions and steels to
increase the friction surfaces. The C3
kit (RSP-003) includes a set of their
performance frictions. Either way you
go, these suppliers offer great ways
to improve the performance of these
units.
Finally, there are a few upgraded
hard parts available. Allison has a few
larger Torrington bearings, a stronger
P3 planet assembly, and a reinforced
extension housing, pump assembly and
front pump bushing.
In the aftermarket, you can find
billet steel input and output shafts and
a billet steel P2 planet. Customers with
engines that produce 1000-1200 lb-ft
torque will need all the improvements
they can get. Discuss these options with
your customer to meet his needs.
Heres a set of guidelines for modi-
fications you and your customer might
consider when rebuilding an Allison
LCT 1000. But keep in mind, every
situation is unique, and youll need to
consider those unique situations before
making any recommendations.
Figure 3
Figure 2
Making an Already Heavy Duty Allison LCT 1000Really Heavy Duty!
The friction
material is
glazed and the
steels have
hot spots in
three areas.
These happen
to be lined up
with the spring
return plate
32skora.indd Sec1:34 5/4/09 3:50:46 PM
GEARS May/June 2009 35
In most cases, it is best to maintain
the specified stall speed for OEM or
aftermarket converters.
A standard overhaul (engines up to
500 lb-ft torque) should include:
Upgrading the converter
Changing the drainback and
converter relief springs
Installing the updated pump
bushing
Inspecting all other bushings
OEM frictions and steels should be
adequate. If the unit still has the early
extension housing, you should change
that, too.
For engines developing up to 600
lb-ft torque, add these modifications:
Increase line pressure
Use a rear housing with rein-
forcement ribs
Use improved clutch setups
for C1, C2, C3 and C4
Use a stronger converter
For engines with modifications up
to 800hp, add these final modifica-
tions:
Switch to a deep oil pan
Add extra coolers
Consider a valve body kit
Use a billet converter with
single- or triple-plate converter.
For trucks that do a lot of hauling,
an aftermarket TCC control device can
improve the driveability.
You can avoid a lot of headaches
by taking care of the small things,
too. Its always a good idea to change
the small electrical parts, such as the
speed sensors, NSBU switch and PSA
manifold.
The real headache for this unit is
how and when the big toe applies pres-
sure to the throttle. The Transmission
Control Module (TCM) uses a com-
plex program for adaptive strategy.
This is good and bad: The good is that
it remembers the drivers inputs and
holds on to them for a very long time.
This includes engagements, all upshifts,
downshifts and kickdown.
The bad is that if the driving con-
ditions change, the TCM doesnt adapt
immediately. This can result in those
sudden failures.
Most of these trucks are equipped
with a TOW/HAUL button. Depending
on application, it will delay upshifts
and apply TCC earlier. The problem is
that the driver still has to push the but-
ton, and it still wont provide enough
extra capacity for extreme torque out-
put engines.
Your only solution will be an after-
market chip or reprogramming the
TCM. Of course this is going to void
any factory warranty claims in the
future.
If youre going to be serious about
working on Duramax trucks with the
Allison transmission, you really should
consider getting a factory scan tool.
Access to data, clearing codes and relearn-
ing without a Tech2 scan tool or Allison-
dedicated software adaptive strategy can
be frustrating and misleading.
As transmissions go, the Allison
can stand up to loads that would kill
most other units. But when the loads
get heavy, it may be time to really help
this unit muscle up!
Je][j^[h"m[YWd enhonce
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32skora.indd Sec1:35 5/4/09 3:51:07 PM
36 GEARSMay/June2009
Teaching an Old Dog New TricksMuscling Up the 2004R
O
ver the last few years theres
been a tremendous amount
of interest in the GM 2004R
transmission for high performance
street vehicles. The performance gains
from the lower first gear and overdrive
are making it a great replacement for
the 2-speed Powerglide and 3-speed
TH350 and TH400.
The original internal component
design and hydraulic calibration of the
GM 2004R transmission limit its reli-
able power-handling capability to about
350 lbs-ft of torque. Were all aware of
the importance of a hardened sun shell
and stator tube, but there are many
other areas we can improve for opti-
mum power handling.
Research and development and
CNC machining have resulted in the
introduction of aluminum and steel
billet internal components that have
pushed the limit beyond 700 lb-ft of
torque.
Above this power level or for use
with a transbrake, the overdrive section
input shaft, overdrive carrier, and
overdrive ring gear gets into trouble.
These items are known to snap without
warning, leaving you with a transmis-
sion that wont move.
Always check the internal splines
of the carrier and ring gear for twisting
or fracturing. Most of them are cracked;
if you reuse a cracked assembly, theyll
usually fail a short time later.
Once youve addressed the hard
parts failures, theres one more area to
strengthen for high power handling: the
direct clutch. Initial signs of trouble
usually show up as a flare during the
2-3 upshift under heavy acceleration,
and it doesnt take long before thats
followed by direct clutch failure.
The Reason?
What are the real causes for the
flare and premature direct clutch
by Christoforos Kokkonis
CHRISTOFOROS KOKKONIS
CK Performance Products Inc. is owned and operated by Christoforos Kokkonis. We
specialize in design and manufacture of extreme duty transmission and internal
components. We have a complete research and development and CNC shop.
www.ckperformance.com
Figure 1
Teaching an Old Dog
New TricksMuscling
Up the 2004R
Racing photos courtesy of
PhotoFinishPhotos.com
Tom Macht 2004-2009
GEARS May/June 2009 37
failure? In simple terms, the flow of
oil to the direct clutch drum and the
release side of the servo assembly is
either too high or too low at different
points in the fluid path.
Examining the Circuit
To recognize the complexity of the
circuit and the purpose of the correc-
tions, youll need to understand how
the system works. The best way to do
this is to use the hydraulic schematic
and trace each step in the fluid path.
Clear off your workbench and grab a
case, valve body, and separator plate.
RND4D3 oil from the manual
valve flows through the square separa-
tor plate hole 8 (figure 1) into the trans-
mission case, back through the small
round separator plate hole 8, and then
into valve body passage 6 (figure 2). It
stops here, waiting for the governor to
stroke the 2-3 shift valve.
From here the oil must fill multiple
passages and cavities before the unit
completes the 2-3 shift. Combine this
with the friction the oil encounters and
the air that fills the voids when the cir-
cuits arent in use, and its easy to see
why the unit requires a greater volume
and oil pressure. So our first modifi-
cation will be to increase the volume
Figure 2
38 GEARSMay/June2009
Teaching an Old Dog New TricksMuscling Up the 2004R
and pressure by enlarging separator
plate orificed hole 8 to between 0.115
0.120 (figure 3).
The 2-3 upshift begins when the
2-3 shift valve opens. RND4D3 oil then
passes through the open 2-3 shift valve
and into the adjoining valve body pas-
sage 8, where it becomes direct clutch
oil.
Direct clutch oil flows through
separator plate holes 14 (the small and
large round holes, figure 4) and into
transmission case passage 5 (figure 5).
This is where youll find checkball 4.
During 3-2 downshifts or kickdowns,
when direct clutch oil is exhausting
through the direct clutch circuit, check-
ball 4 seats against the large round
separator plate hole 14. This forces the
exhausting direct clutch oil through the
small round separator plate hole 14.
Theres plenty of orificed direct
clutch exhaust under the 2-3 shift valve
and elsewhere without sealing the large
round separator plate hole 14 with
Figure 3
Racing photos courtesy of
PhotoFinishPhotos.com
Tom Macht 2004-2009
lr1t:Ir CrmrrerI:
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73shoppers5609.indd 73 5/4/09 9:40:13 AM
74 GEARS May/June 2009
BUSINESS FOR SALE: Extraordinary op-
portunity, transmission/motorcycle shop
in North East Ohio, near I-76 & I-71. Owner
retiring after 52 great years. One acre prop-
erty, 80 x 84' building includes machine
shop, ofces, parts stand and service area.
Please contact: Bob501@aol.com .
ATRA Mbr
BUSINESS FOR SALE: California You
need to take a look at this one! 40 years of
excellent business transmission & general
automotive service. Same great location,
central California, this is not your ordinary
shop. Large building with latest equipment,
owner ready to retire. Contact (209) 602-
7250. ATRA Mbr
EQUIPMENT WANTED: FOR IMMEDIATE
PURCHASE - Zoom Technology solenoid
and valve body testing equipment. Call
TOLL FREE! (866) 243-8829. ATRA Mbr
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE: Heavy duty trans-
mission dyno test business for sale, de-
signed for Allisons, heavy duty trucks and
cars and any RWD units with solenoid block
test capabilities. All in excellent condition,
included are dyno tester with 392 Ford gas
engine with Zoom Technology window
based computer system, valve body cali-
bration tester designed by Aidco Company
for Allison. New Allison diagnostic scanner,
complete paint booth system, 454 and 643
reman units, cores and inventory stock,
SHOPPER CLASSIFIED
GEARS classified advertising cost $95.00 for up to 50 words for a one time insertion. ATRA members are eligible to receive up to three (3) FREE classified
advertisements in GEARS annually (per 9 issues). Members wishing to place ads once their three FREE ads have been placed may do so at the cost listed above.
Ads exceeding the maximum word count will cost $1.50 for each additional word (not including phone number and address).
May/June 2009
customer/client list. Asking $75,000 for all
or will sell separately. Northwest Ohio area.
Contact Jim at (419) 215-5504. ATRA Mbr
POSITION WANTED: Money Maker/Cus-
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sought by a leader with over 23 years in
the transmission industry. Talented, inde-
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Contact Michael Ryan at his updated phone
number: (928) 566-4307 for more informa-
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74classfd5609.indd 74 5/4/09 10:37:10 AM
GEARS May/June 2009 75
Name___________________________________________
Address_________________________________________
City_____________________________________________________
State_____________________________ Zip___________________
Phone___________________________________________________
Signature________________________________________________
HELP WANTED: Seeking Rebuilder High
quality suburban California shop seeks ex-
perienced builder. Must have top diagnos-
tic skills. Suburban area with top schools.
Wages competitive, commensurate with
skill level. Fax resume to (805) 522-0232.
ATRA Mbr
HELP WANTED: Grand Junction, CO - Re-
builder must have ve years rebuilding ex-
perience in domestic, import, transfer cas-
es, automatics and manual shift. Strong
diagnostic skills including electrical are
required. In the heart of a beautiful recre-
ation area skiing, hunting, shing, biking,
rafting, etc. Great schools in a wonderful
family setting. Largest, busiest, high-tech
shop on the western slope, with 30 years
in business. Health Insurance, Bonuses.
Self motivated people with a desire to be
successful. Contact Monte McCall, Monte's
Motor City Transmission, Inc. (970) 242-
8726, e-mail: montelm@yahoo.com, Fax
(970) 243-4282
HELP WANTED: Colorado Springs- Trans-
mission Rebuilder for well established,
reputable shop. Must have ve plus years
rebuilding experience in domestic, import,
transfer cases, automatics and manual
shift. Strong diagnostic skills, including
electrical are required. Certications are
favorable. Must be a team player, clean
cut, and possess a higher than standard
work ethic. Full benets package for the
right person. Mon-Fri work week. Pay DOE.
Please contact (719) 494-8098 leave mes-
sage, or fax resume to: (719) 494-8097. If
you ever wanted to live in one of the most
desirable places to hunt, sh, 4 wheel in
USA, NOW is your chance!! ATRA Mbr
HELP WANTED: Seattle, Washington
Transmission rebuilder needed in well
established, well equipped transmission
shop of over twenty years. Rebuilding
and diagnostic experience required. Mon-
day through Friday, benets include paid
vacation, holidays and health insurance;
pay $30 to $35 dollars per hour depending
on experience. Contact Mark at (206) 624-
1859. ATRA Mbr
HELP WANTED: Twin Cities Transmis-
sion in Niceville, Fl is looking for a Swing-
Man. Medical available! We work 5 days.
Please, call Brandy at (850) 729-6629.
You can also email or fax your resume to
tctransmission@embarqmail.com or fax
(850) 729-1529. ATRA Mbr
HELP WANTED: SuperFlow Technologies
Group, www.superow.com has an immedi-
ate need for a Sales Executive. Sales expe-
rience in capital equipment market a must.
Degree in automotive eld or equivalent
work experience preferred. Mechanically
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prints. Must be able to travel. Contact: hr@
superow.com, Fax: (515) 254-1656.
ATRA Mbr
HELP WANTED: TransTeam Employment
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We make it easy to relocate! ATRA Mbr
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Please enclose check or money order in U.S. funds and send to:
GEARS 2400 LATIGO AVENUE OXNARD, CALIFORNIA 93030
or call: (805)604-2000
U.S. $30 ~ Canada $45 ~ Other Areas $65
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74classfd5609.indd 75 5/4/09 10:37:47 AM
76 GEARS May/June 2009
ADVERTISERS
Name Page Name Page
ATRA .................................................................... 43,52
www.atra.com
ATRA's Powertrain Expo ...................................... 53-58
www.atra.com
Auto Tech Now! ........................................................ 51
www.autotechnow.com
Certified Transmission ............................................... 15
www.certifiedtransmissions.com
EVT Parts .................................................................... 3
www.evtparts.com
First National Merchant Solutions ............................. 39
www.fnms.com
Heffernan Group ........................................................ 29
www.heffgroup.com
Jasper Engines & Transmissions ............................ IBC
www.jasperengines.com
Life Automotive Products Inc. .................................... 27
www.smartblend.com
LUBEGARD