Engineering Properties

of

ALLOY 713C

CONTENTS
PAGE

Composition ..................................................................

Specifications ...............................................................
Stress-Rupture ..............................................
Tensile .........................................................
Hardness . .....................................................

3
3
3
3

Physical Properties .......................................................

Density .........................................................
Melting Range ...............................................
Thermal Expansion .........................................
Thermal Conductivity ......................................
Electrical Resistivity .......................................
Oxidation Resistance ......................................

4
4
4
4
4
4
4

Heat Treatment .............................................................

Mechanical Properties ...................................................

Tensile .........................................................
Stress-Rupture ..............................................
Stress-Rupture Parameter ...............................
Effect of Overheat ..........................................
Creep Rate ...................................................
Minimum Creep Rate ......................................
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity .........................
Impact ..........................................................
Hot Hardness ................................................
Fatigue .........................................................

6
6
7
7
7
11
11
14
14
14
16

Fabrication ...................................................................

19

Joining .........................................................................
Welding . .......................................................
Brazing .........................................................

19
19
19

Surface Treatment .........................................................

Cleaning ........................................................
Etchants .......................................................

19
19
20

Application ....................................................................

20

References ....................................................................

20

Engineering Properties
of

ALLOY 713C

Alloy 713C* is a precipitation hardenable, nickelchromium base cast alloy, which possesses excellent strength properties up to 1800 F. The alloy
has good castability, remarkable resistance to
oxidation and thermal fatigue, and outstanding
structural stability. It was originally intended to
air melt the master alloy and recast the product

under argon (air melted, argon cast). With the

advent of improved vacuum technology it was
found that an increased level of high temperature
properties can be consistently attained by vacuum
melting the master material and remelting and
casting it under vacuum (v acuum melted, vacuum cast).

COMPOSITIONWeight Per Cent

Element
Chromium
Molybdenum
Columbium Tantalum
Aluminum
Titanium
Carbon
Boron
Zirconium
Silicon
Manganese
Iron
Copper
Nickel

Nominal
12.50
4.20
2.20
6.10
0.80
0.12
0.012
0.10
lap
lap
lap
lap
bal

Range (AMS 5391)

12.00 -14.00
3.80 - 5.20
1.80 - 2.80
5.50 - 6.50
0.50 - 1.00
0.08 - 0.20
0.005- 0.015
0.05 - 0.15
0.50 max
0.25 max
2.50 max
0.50 max
bal

SPECIFICATIONS
The AMS 5391 specification for alloy 713C requires the following mechanical properties in the
as cast condition.
Stress-Rupture Properties
Stress, psi
Test Temp, F
1800

22,000

Life, hr
30 min

Elong, % in 4D
5 min

0.2% Yield Strength, psi

100.000 min

Tensile Strength, psi

110.000 min

Elong, % in 4D
3 min

Tensile Properties
Test Temp, F
70

Hardness
Rockwell C 30-42
There are many alternate specifications in existence and individual companies should be
contracted as to their requirements.

* U.S. Patent #2,570,193, produced under license from The International Nickel Company, Inc.
Low as possible.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density

Melting Range
2300-2350 F (1260-1288 C)

0.286 Ib/cu in. (7.913 g/cu cm)

Thermal Expansion (See Figure 1)

Mean Coefficient,
per F
5.92 x 10-6
6.61
7.00
7.26
7.52

Test Temp, F
70- 200
70- 400
70- 600
70- 800
70-1000

Test Temp, F
70-1200
70-1400
70-1600
70-1800
70-2000

Mean Coefficient.
per F
7.81 x 10-6
8.17
8.63
9.13
9.48

Thermal Conductivity (See Figure 2)

Thermal Conductivity,
BTU-in/hr/sq ft/F
146
154
160
162
164

Test Temp, F
200
400
600
800
1000

Test Temp, F
1200
1400
1600
1800

Thermal Conductivity,
BTU-in/hr/sq ft/F
166
179
218
334

Electrical Resistivity (See Figure 3)

Electrical Resistivity,
microhm-cm
144
148
152
155
156

Test Temp, F
70
200
400
600
800

Test Temp, F
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800

Electrical Resistivity,
microhm-cm
157
157
158
158
159

Oxidation Resistance (See Figure 4)

Oxidation tests were performed in a tube furnace with a continuous flow of air.

Test Temp, F
1700
1800
1900
2000

Penetration Rate, Inches per Year

Continuous Exposure
Intermittent Exposure
.0033
.0050
.0067
.0064
.0088
.0092
.0181
.0190

Figure 3. Electrical Resistivity of As Cast, Vacuum Melted,

(2)
Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C .

Figure 1. Thermal-Expansion Characteristics of

As Cast, Air Melted, Argon Cast Alloy 713C.

Figure 4. Oxidation Rate of As Cast, Vacuum Melted,

(3)
Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C .

Figure 2. Thermal Conductivity of As Cast,

(1)
Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast Alloy .

HEAT TREATMENT
Alloy 713C is normally u sed in th e as cast condition. An improvement in the 1700-1900 F
stress-rupture life is often obtained by so lution
treating fo r 2 hours at 2150 F, under vacuum or
in an argon atmosphere, followed by air cooling;
howev er, material in this condition tested under

high stress at 1350 F shows a marked decrease in

rupture life and ductility. A stabilizing treatment
of 16 hours at 1700 F, applied to the solution
treated material, followed by air cooling, restores
the 1350 F properties as well as maintaining the
high temperature properties. (See Table I)

Table I
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Typical Stress-Rupture Properties
of Alloy 713C
(vacuum melted, vacuum cast)

Condition
As cast
2150 F2 hrAC
2150 F2 hrAC
As cast
2150 F2 hrAC
2150 F2 hrAC

Temp, F
1700
1700
1700
1350
1350
1350

1700 F16 hrAC

1700 F16 hrAC

Stress, psi
30,000
30,000
30,000
90,000
90,000
90,000

Life, hr
76
121
131
232
28
274

Elong,%
7
4
5
5
2
5

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile Properties (See Figure 5)
Test
Temp, F
70
1000
1200
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800

0.2% Yield
Strength, psi
106,600
102,200
104,200
108,000
95,100
72,100
55,800
44,200

Tensile
Strength, psi
123,000
125,600
125,700
136,000
120,500
105,400
85,300
68,400

Elong, %
7.9
9.7
6.7
5.9
6.0
13.9
11.8
19.7

Red.
Area,%
11.6
17.0
10.5
10.5
11.5
20.0
17.7
25.0

Figure 5. Typical Tensile Properties of As Cast, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C.

Stress-Rupture Properties (See Figure 6 and Table II)

Test
Temp, F
1350
1500
1700
1800
2000

10 hr

(86,000)*
(42,000)*
29,000
9,500

Stress, psi, for Rupture in . . .

100 hr
1000 hr
(97,000)*
76,000
60,000
44,000
30,000
18,000
21,000
13,000
6,400

10,000 hr
56,000
30,000
12,000

* ( ) Denotes extrapolated values.

Stress-Rupture Parameter (See Figure 7)

Effect of Overheat (See Figure 8)
The effect of one-half hour overheats at temperatures 100 and 200 F above base temperatures of
1500, 1700 and 1800 F was evaluated with the
overheats being applied 48 hours after the start of
nominal 200-hour tests. In Figure 8, the effect of
overheating is indicated by the difference in
height between the bars representing the predicted
and actual values of rupture life. This chart

should only be used to appraise general trends

since the average values shown make no allowance
for normal scatter in test results or limited test
data. The fact that for each test condition the
actual rupture life was greater than the predicted
life indicates that alloy 713C was not only immune to damage from the overheats but that it was
actually strengthened by them.

2
Figure 6. Stress Rupture Data on As Cast, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C.

Table II
Long-Time Stress-Rupture Data on Alloy 713C
(as cast, vacuum melted, vacuum cast)
Temp, F

Stress, psi

Life, hr

2000

10,000
7,500
7,500
6,000

9
17
33
176

1800*

27,500
25,000
22,000
20,000
18,000
16,000
13,000

15
25
65
132
191
381
943

1700

35,000
30,000
30,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
15,000
12,500
12,500

33
103
109
266
327
496
867
1896
2376
6905
9602

1500

65,000
65,000
55,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
29,000
29,000

1350

1350

Elong, %

R.A., %

20
50
18
19

8
8
6
7
8
3.5
5

26
73
56
65

21
22
13
21

12
11.5

12
16
7
8.5
12
22
12
25
12
14
(pull rod broke)

23
15
14
25
19
34
31
40
27
25

42
66
292
795
1738
3765
12182
19862

9
7
6.5
7
10
12.5
12.5
11

11
9
9
14
12.5
19
17
12

90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000

221
656
2380
5832

7
8
6
6

90,000
80,000
70,000
55,000

210
562
2594
12033

7.5
8
7
12

* T h is d a t a o b t a in e d o n a d if f e r e n t h e a t .
T e s t b a r s in a s c a s t p lu s 1 7 0 0 F 1 6 h r s AC c o n d it io n .

10
9
10
10

7.5
8.5
6.5
12

P = Parameter
T = Degrees Rankin (Add 460 Degrees Fahrenheit)
t = Time to Rupture in Hours

Figure 7. Larson-Miller Stress Rupture Parameter Curve.

10

Figure 8. Effect of Overheat on As Cast, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C.

Creep Rate (See Figures 9-11 and Table III)

Test
Temp, F
1350
1500
1700

Stress, psi, for Designated Creep Rate

0.0001%/hr
0.001%/hr
0.01%/hr
(47,000)*
(24,000)*
(11,500)*

68,000
39,000
15,500

83,000
56,000
26,000

*( ) Denotes extrapolated values.

Minimum Creep Rate (See Figures 9-11 and Table III)

Stress,
psi
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000

Minimum Creep Rate for Designated Temperature, %/hr

1350 F
1500 F
1700 F

.00014
.00041

.00030
.00120
.00460
(.01800)*

*( ) Denotes extrapolated values.

11

.0032
.0240

Table III
Long-Time Creep Data on Alloy 713C
(as cast, vacuum melted, vacuum cast)

Temp,
F

1350

Stress,
psi

90,000

Time, hours, for Total Creep Strain of . . .

0.1%

0.2%

Minimum Creep
Rate, %/hr

1.0%

0.5%

10

30

.02190

80,000

12

38

108

.00694

70,000

25

55

230

650

.00117

60,000

120

740

2040

.00036

55,000*

235

470

1580

3380

.00028

65,000

2.5

65,000

1500

11

55,000

12

40

100

.00870

45,000

15

105

275

.00270

40,000

43

125

378

690

.00130

35,000

135

305

870

1590

.00055

29,000

1700

1040

2960

.00027

35,000

1.5

11

.09460

30,000

24

42

.02360

25,000

15

30

80

155

.00540

25,000

13

25

82

180

.00533

20,000

22

40

98

185

.00544

20,000

30

80

165

390

.00220

15,000

30

130

220

540

.00150

15,000

45

105

400

1030

.00062

12,500

200

435

1675

3315

.00023

12,500

80

360

1620

3750

.00023

* Test bars in as cast plus 1700 F 16 hr AC condition.

Strain rates measured after extension on loading.

12

Figure 9. Design Curve for Alloy 713C at 1350 F

Figure 10. Design Curve for Alloy 713C at 1500 F.

13

Figure 11. Design Curve for Alloy 713C at 1700 F.

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (See Figure 12)

Test
Temp, F

Dynamic
Modulus, psi

Test
Temp, F

78
200
400
600
800

29.94 x 106
29.48
28.72
27.97
27.17

Dynamic
Modulus, psi

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800

26.16 x 106
25.14
24.20
22.64
21.37

Impact Properties (See Figures 13-14 and Table IV)

In general cast alloys do not attain the high level
of impact properties associated with wrought
material. A solution heat treatment of alloy
713C appears to offer a slight improvement up to

1300 F. Depending upon the grain size, condition

and prior holding time at temperature, the impact
values of alloy 713C decrease from 9 ft-lb at room
temperature to 5 ft-lb at 1800 F.

Hot Hardness (See Figure 15)

Test Temp, F
70
1400
1600
1800

Hardness, Rc
38
36
18.5
8

14

Figure 12. Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of

As Cast, Vacuum Melted, Vacuum Cast Alloy
713C.

Figure 14. Impact Properties of As Cast, Vacuum

Melted, Vacuum Cast, Alloy 713C After Holding 24
Hours at Temperature.

Figure 13. Impact Properties of As Cast, Vacuum Melted,

Vacuum Cast Alloy 713C After Holding 30 Minutes at
Temperature.

Figure 15. Hot Hardness of As Cast, Air Melted, Argon

Cast Alloy 713C.

15

Table IV
Impact Properties of Alloy 713C
Charpy V-Notch, ft-Ib
(vacuum melted, vacuum cast)

Test
Temp,
F

As Cast
Grain Size,
1/8 -

As Cast
Grain Size,
1/32 - 1/8

2150 F2 hrAC
Grain Size,
1/8 -

2150 F2 hrAC
Grain Size,
1/32 - 1/8

2150 F2 hrAC
1700 F16 hrAC
Grain Size,
1/8 -

30-MINUTE HOLDING TIME AT TEMPERATURE

70

9
10.5

7.5
9

9
8

11
8

8
11

8
10.5

11

11

10

1200

1300

1400

1600

1800

5.5

6
6.5
6

13.5
10.5

8
7.5

5.5
5

10

9.5

6.5

8.5
11.5

4.5

5.5

4.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

3.5

4.5

3.5

24-HOUR HOLDING TIME AT TEMPERATURE

1200

7.5

10.5

1300

7.5

1400

8.5

1600

4.5

1800

5.5

3.5

4.5

7.5

6.5

5.5

4.5

6.5

5.5

4.5

4.5

6.5

4.5

Fatigue
(4)

STRESS-RUPTURE AND S-N FATIGUE CURVE (See Figure 16)

Basic fatigue and stress-rupture data at 1700 F
was determined for both the smooth and notched
material. Using a stress concentration factor of

16

K t = 2.9 the fatigue strength is reduced and the

creep strength enhanced.

FATIGUE DATA (See Table V)

Reversed stress axial fatigue tests at various
temperatures on both coarse and fine grained

material indicate the following endurance limits at

8
10 cycles:

Test
Temp, F

Coarse Grain Material

Endurance Limit, psi

Fine Grain Material

Endurance Limit, psi

70
1200
1350
1500
1700

32,500
23,000
27,500
26,000
22,500

33,500
25,500
26,000
28,000
23,000

Table V
Fatigue Properties of Alloy 713C
(as cast, vacuum melted, vacuum cast)
Grain (1)
Size

Stress
Application

Temp,
F

Speed,
cpm

Endurance Limit, psi

(108 Cycles, A= Kt=1.0)

Coarse

Axial

70

7,500

34,000

Coarse
Fine

Axial
Axial

70
70

14,500
14,500

32,500
33,500

Coarse
Fine

Rotary(2)
Rotary(2)

70
70

3,500
3,500

40,000
47,500

Coarse
Fine

Axial
Axial

1200
1200

12,500
12,500

23,000
25,500

Coarse

Axial

1200

12,500

22,000(3)

Coarse

Axial

1200

12,500

22,500(4)

Coarse
Fine

Axial
Axial

1350
1350

12,000
12,000

27,500
26,000

Coarse
Fine

Axial
Axial

1500
1500

11,500
11,500

26,000
28,000

Coarse
Fine

Axial
Axial

1700
1700

9,500
9,500

22,500
23,000

( 1 ) F in e G r a in Siz e - 1 / 1 6 " a v e r a g e d ia m e t e r
Co a r s e G r a in Siz e = 3 / 1 6 " - 1 / 4 " a v e r a g e d ia m e t e r
( 2 ) Ro t a t in g Be a m v a lu e s s h o wn f o r c o m p a r a t ive p u r p o s e s
( 3 ) 2 1 5 0 F 2 h r AC
( 4 ) 2 1 5 0 F 2 h r AC + 1 7 0 0 F 1 6 h r AC

17

Figure 16. Stress Rupture and S-N Fatigue Curves for Notched and Unnotched Bars at 1700 F
(4)
of As Cast, Air Melted, Argon Cast Alloy 713C .

THERMAL FATIGUE

Thermal fatigue data were obtained in a laboratory test rig in which a spot on the trailing edge
of an investment cast stator blade section or a
thermal fatigue specimen specially designed to
simulate a stator blade was alternately heated by
a gas-oxygen-air flame to the indicated temperature in one minute and then cooled by an air

blast for one minute. As indicated by the following results, alloy 713C displays excellent thermal
fatigue properties. Data for AMS 5382B alloy,
widely used in applications requiring good resistance to thermal fatigue, are included for comparison.

Alloy

Temp, F

Average Cycles to
Initiate Cracking

Average Cycles to
1/8" Long Crack

713C
713C
713C

1700
1800
2000

813
854
164

2493
2521
947

AMS 5382B

1700
1800

426
196

928
529

18

FABRICATION
Machining and Grinding
Information on this subject is contained in Inco's
brochure "MACHINING AND GRINDING INVESTMENT

CASTING ALLOY 713C "

which may be obtained on

request.

JOINING
Welding
Although alloy 713C is not considered weldable,
using the normal frame of reference, a considerable amount of fusion welding has nevertheless
been done. In most instances, the welding operation has involved the joining of 713C to other
more readily weldable metals, and this provides
some latitude not present in matched welds.
Matched welds have been made with some success in relatively light sections under conditions
of low restraint. Welds are generally made

using the gas tungsten arc process with either

HASTELLOY * W Filler Wire or INCONEL Filler
Metal 92. Where permissible, repair welding of
713C castings can be done to a limited extent
using the above filler metals. There has been encouraging progress made in producing crack-free
welds by use of the electron beam process in welding 713C to dissimilar alloys. Mechanical testing
has indicated that the welds retain excellent tensile
properties.

Brazing
Alloy 713C can be satisfactorily brazed in dry
hydrogen and inert gas atmospheres, and vacuum
brazing can also be effectively used. In common
with other age-hardened nickel-base alloys containing titanium and aluminum, this alloy is difficult to braze unless some method of fluxing
solid or gaseousis used. Alternatively, the common practice is to pre-plate the areas to be

furnace brazed with to 1 mil of nickel, which

prevents the formation of aluminum or titanium
oxide films and permits ready wetting by the brazing alloy. Since 713C is generally employed
because of its high temperature-strength characteristics, the higher melting point, stronger and
more oxidation resistant brazing alloys are used in
preference to the silver brazing alloys.

SURFACE TREATMENT
Cleaning
Depending upon surface condition and requirement, sand or grit blasting of finished parts is the
general method of cleaning. Anodic etching in
85% H 3 PO 4 at a current density of 60 amps per
square foot removes surface material while pre-

venting intergranular attack. A second dip in 70%

HNO 3 , 10% HF and 20% H 2 O removes any
adhering particles. A variety of molten caustic
baths have also been used successfully.

* T r ademar k of Cabot Cor por ation.

T r adem ar k o f t h e I n co f am i l y o f co m p an i es.

19

Etchants
Macro
1. Lepito's

Part I - 30 g ammonium persulphate plus 150 cc water

Part II - 500 g ferric chloride plus 200 cc concentrated hydrochloric acid
Mix Part II into Part I and add 60 cc nitric acid. Immerse specimen.
2. Aqua Regia
Concentrated nitric acid 25 cc
Concentrated hydrochloric acid 75 cc

Micro
Modified Glyceregia

6 cc glycerine plus 5 cc concentrated hydrochloric acid

plus 1 cc nitric acid. Swab specimen.
Electrolytic

3% sulfuric acid at 3 volts for 5-10 seconds.

Many etching reagents have been used satisfactorily

on this alloy. The above list is intended only as

a guide.

APPLICATION
Alloy 713C has found wide acceptance in the
superalloy class due to its inherent castability,
stability and high level of strength and ductility at
elevated temperatures. Some commercial applications for the alloy include vane material and
first stage blading in jet aircraft, guide vanes for

industrial turbines, and diesel turbocharger

wheels. The alloy is included in many experimental jet engines and small auxiliary gas turbines
and is under evaluation for press forging die,
extrusion die, and die-casting die applications.

REFERENCES
1. Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Company, Materials Engineering Section.
2. Union Carbide Stellite Company, "Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Haynes Alloy No.
713C," Technical Services Report.
3. "Haynes Alloy No. 713C," Data Sheet F-30; 154A, March 1960.
4. A. E. Cers, A. A. Blatherwick, "Fatigue and Stress-Rupture Properties of Inconel 713C, V-57C
and Titanium Alloys 7A1 3Mo Ti and MST 821 (8A1 2Cb 1Ta Ti)," WADD Technical
Report 60-426, July 1960.

20