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    System Design: Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Guillaume Boyer
    The document discusses pressure loss in pipe fittings and valves. It provides tables of equivalent pipe lengths for common pipe fittings like tees and elbows to account for head loss. It also explains that valve flow factors (Kv values) define flow rates in meters cubed per hour with a pressure drop. Kv values can be used to calculate pressure drops across partially closed valves based on flow rate, liquid density, and the valve Kv percentage at its degree of closure. Charts show typical Kv values and pressure drop characteristics for different valve types like ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    System Design: Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Guillaume Boyer
    75 views3 pages
    The document discusses pressure loss in pipe fittings and valves. It provides tables of equivalent pipe lengths for common pipe fittings like tees and elbows to account for head loss. It also explains that valve flow factors (Kv values) define flow rates in meters cubed per hour with a pressure drop. Kv values can be used to calculate pressure drops across partially closed valves based on flow rate, liquid density, and the valve Kv percentage at its degree of closure. Charts show typical Kv values and pressure drop characteristics for different valve types like ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves.

    Original Description:

    flow

    Original Title

    Flow

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    The document discusses pressure loss in pipe fittings and valves. It provides tables of equivalent pipe lengths for common pipe fittings like tees and elbows to account for head loss. It also explains that valve flow factors (Kv values) define flow rates in meters cubed per hour with a pressure drop. Kv values can be used to calculate pressure drops across partially closed valves based on flow rate, liquid density, and the valve Kv percentage at its degree of closure. Charts show typical Kv values and pressure drop characteristics for different valve types like ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    75 views3 pages

    System Design: Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves

    Uploaded by

    Guillaume Boyer
    The document discusses pressure loss in pipe fittings and valves. It provides tables of equivalent pipe lengths for common pipe fittings like tees and elbows to account for head loss. It also explains that valve flow factors (Kv values) define flow rates in meters cubed per hour with a pressure drop. Kv values can be used to calculate pressure drops across partially closed valves based on flow rate, liquid density, and the valve Kv percentage at its degree of closure. Charts show typical Kv values and pressure drop characteristics for different valve types like ball valves, butterfly valves, and check valves.

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    ips

    System design
    Pressure loss in fittings and valves
    Pressure loss in fittings
    Where the system is complex and intensively uses fittings and changes of direction, it is also possible to
    approximate the effect on head loss due to the fittings. The following table can be used as a guide to the
    equivalent pipe length (in metres) for four of the commonly used pipe fittings:
    Nominal Size
    1
    /
    2
    (15)
    3
    /
    4
    (20) 1(25) 1
    1
    /
    4
    (32) 1
    1
    /
    2
    (40) 2(50) 3(80) 4(100)
    Tee (Run) 0.30 0.43 0.52 0.70 0.82 1.22 1.86 2.41
    Tee (Side Outlet) 1.16 1.49 1.83 2.23 2.56 3.66 5.00 6.70
    90 Elbow 0.46 0.61 0.76 1.16 1.22 1.74 2.41 3.48
    45 Elbow 0.24 0.34 0.43 0.55 0.64 0.79 1.22 1.55
    Nominal Size 6(150) 8(200) 10(250) 12(300) 14(350) 16(400) 20(500) 24(600)
    Tee (Run) 3.75 4.27 5.33 6.10 7.62 8.23 10.67 12.80
    Tee (Side Outlet) 9.97 14.94 17.38 20.43 23.78 26.83 35.98 41.77
    90 Elbow 5.09 6.40 7.93 9.76 11.28 13.11 17.68 20.43
    45 Elbow 2.44 3.23 4.12 4.73 5.49 6.10 7.62 9.15
    IPS Flow Systems l Seaham Grange Industrial Estate l Seaham l SR7 0PT l England l Tel: 0191 521 3111 l www.ipsflowsystems.com
    ips
    System design
    Pressure loss in fittings and valves
    Pressure loss in valves
    All thermoplastic valves have a flow factor that is normally described as a K
    v
    value. K
    v
    values are an
    established means of defining the flow rate in m
    3
    per hour of water at 20C through a fully open valve, with a
    pressure drop of 1kg/cm
    2
    .
    The C
    v
    value is a commonly referenced flow coefficient for valves manufactured in the U.S.A. It is defined as
    the flow of water through a valve at 60F (15.54C) in US gallons per minute, with a pressure drop of 1 psi.
    The connection between Flow Factor K
    v
    and Flow Coefficient C
    v
    can be expressed as:
    K
    v
    = 0.86 C
    v
    C
    v
    = 1.16 K
    v
    The K
    v
    value is also the sizing factor to calculate the pressure drop (p) in bar of a liquid flow across the
    valve:
    p = Q
    2
    K
    v
    2
    where
    p = Pressure drop (bar)
    = Density of the liquid (kg/dm
    3
    )
    Q = Flow rate (m
    3
    /hr)
    For example, calculate the pressure drop in a 50mm DN ball valve that is 50% closed handling 90% sulphuric
    acid (density 1.81kg/dm
    3
    ) at a flow rate of 12m
    3
    /hr:
    p = 1.81 12
    2
    51
    2
    (the K
    v
    value is taken from the pressure drop characteristics table below and is calculated as 204 x 25%)
    p = 1.81 0.0554
    p = 0.1002 bar
    If the flow, the maximum pressure drop and the density of the liquid are known, it is possible to calculate the
    minimum K
    v
    value as follows:
    Minimum K
    v
    value in m
    3
    /hr = Q
    p
    The K
    v
    value for all valves can be read from the appropriate flow chart for each valve type. Kv flow charts give
    the flow characteristics of each type of valve, from the fully closed to the fully open position.
    IPS Flow Systems l Seaham Grange Industrial Estate l Seaham l SR7 0PT l England l Tel: 0191 521 3111 l www.ipsflowsystems.com
    ips
    DN (mm) DN (inch) K
    v
    value (m
    3
    /hr)
    15 12
    20 23
    25 1 46
    32 1 66
    40 1 105
    50 2 204
    65 2 315
    80 3 426
    100 4 570
    Ball Valve (2-way)
    Typical valve pressure drop characteristics
    0 20 40 60 80 100
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Open %
    K
    v
    %
    DN (mm) DN (inch) K
    v
    value (m
    3
    /hr)
    15 5
    20 8
    25 1 10
    32 1 18
    40 1 25
    50 2 46
    65 2 78
    80 3 120
    100 4 162
    Diaphragm Valve
    0 20 40 60 80 100
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Open %
    K
    v
    %
    DN (mm) DN (inch) K
    v
    value (m
    3
    /hr)
    65 2 102
    80 3 213
    100 4 354
    125 5 591
    150 6 1122
    200 8 1830
    250 10 3800
    300 12 5400
    Butterfly Valve
    0 20 40 60 80 100
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Open %
    K
    v
    %
    DN (mm) DN (inch) K
    v
    value (m
    3
    /hr)
    15 7
    20 12
    25 1 23
    32 1 34
    40 1 50
    50 2 78
    65 2 117
    80 3 156
    100 4 210
    Check Valve
    DN (mm) DN (inch) K
    v
    value (m
    3
    /hr)
    15 2
    20 4
    25 1 6
    32 1 11
    40 1 15
    50 2 25
    65 2 39
    80 3 63
    100 4 102
    Line Strainer
    The values shown above are average values that are typical for plastic valves. Please enquire for specific
    K
    v
    values for actual valves.
    IPS Flow Systems l Seaham Grange Industrial Estate l Seaham l SR7 0PT l England l Tel: 0191 521 3111 l www.ipsflowsystems.com

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