9100 BTS Product Description Ed32rel

Alcatel-Lucent
9100 Base Station

Product Description

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA
Document Issue: 32
Document Status: released
Date of Issue: December 2012
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9100 BASE STATION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION DECEMBER 2012

Document Number: 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA Document Issue: 32 Document Status: released
Alcatel-Lucent Proprietary
See Notice on Page 2
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Copyright 2012 by Alcatel Lucent Technologies. All Rights Reserved.
About Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service
providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video
communication services to end-users. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband
networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers the end-to-end
solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on
the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet: http://www.alcatel-
lucent.com
Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. At the time
of publication, it reflects the latest information on Alcatel-Lucents offer, however, our
policy of continuing development may result in improvement or change to the specifications
described.
Trademarks
The following trademarks are used throughout this document:
Alcatel Lucent, Alcatel, Lucent Technologies and their respective logos are trademarks and
service marks of Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel and Lucent Technologies.

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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 7
1.1 Overview ...................................................................................... 7
1.2 Scope of this Document .................................................................... 7
2 9100 BASE STATION OVERVIEW ................................................ 8
2.1 Overview ...................................................................................... 8
2.2 Overall architecture ........................................................................ 9
3 9100 BASE STATION - MODULES DESCRIPTION ............................. 10
3.1 Antenna coupling Level .................................................................. 10
3.1.1 Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module ......................................... 10
3.1.2 Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module .......................................... 13
3.1.3 Antenna Network type Y (ANY) ....................................................... 14
3.2 Transceiver (TRX) level .................................................................. 14
3.2.1 MC-TRX module .......................................................................... 15
3.2.1.1 MC-TRX principle 15
3.2.1.2 Key benefits of MC technology 16
3.2.1.3 MC-TRX characteristics 17
3.2.2 TWIN-TRX module ....................................................................... 18
3.2.2.1 TWIN-TRX characteristics 18
3.3 BCF level - Station Unit Module (SUM) ................................................ 19
3.3.1.1 SUMX characteristics 20
4 9100 BASE STATION - CABINETS DESCRIPTION ............................ 21
4.1 General ...................................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Subrack of cabinets ..................................................................... 21
4.2 Indoor cabinets ............................................................................ 22
4.2.1 MBI5 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) .......................................... 22
4.2.2 MBI3 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor) .......................................... 24
4.2.3 CBIE (Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution) ..................................... 25
4.3 Outdoor cabinets .......................................................................... 25
4.3.1 MBO2E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) ......................... 26
4.3.2 MBO1E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) ......................... 28
4.3.3 CBO (Compact Base-Station Outdoor) ............................................... 29
4.3.4 CBOE (Compact Base-Station Outdoor Evolution) .................................. 31
5 9100 BTS PODUCT RANGE AND CONFIGURATIONS ........................ 32
5.1 BTS configurations overview ............................................................ 32
5.1.1 Monoband configurations with MC-TRX .............................................. 33
5.1.2 Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX ........................................... 34
5.1.3 Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX ........................................... 35
5.2 BTS configurations detail characteristics ............................................. 35
5.2.1 Standard configurations ................................................................ 35
5.2.2 Low-Loss configurations ................................................................ 36
5.2.3 Multiband configurations .............................................................. 36
5.2.4 Configuration built with several cabinets ........................................... 37
5.2.5 Extended cell configurations .......................................................... 37
5.3 Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) ....................................................... 38
5.4 TX output power at antenna connector .............................................. 40

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6 MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................... 41
6.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission ........................................................ 41
6.1.1 Nominal RF performances ............................................................. 41
6.1.1.1 Frequency bands 41
6.1.1.2 Speech Codecs 41
6.1.1.3 Ciphering algorithms 41
6.1.1.4 TRX modules 41
6.1.1.5 RX sensitivity of TRX 41
6.1.1.6 Multiband capabilities 42
6.1.1.7 Synthesizer frequency hopping 42
6.1.1.8 Power control 42
6.1.1.9 Synchronization 42
6.1.1.10 Transmission 42
6.1.1.11 Microwave integration 43
6.1.2 TX Diversity (Coverage mode) ........................................................ 43
6.1.3 RX Diversity .............................................................................. 44
6.1.4 4 RX Diversity ............................................................................ 44
6.2 Operation and maintenance ............................................................ 45
6.2.1 General ................................................................................... 45
6.2.1.1 Station unit sharing 45
6.2.1.2 Recovering - initiating 45
6.2.1.3 Automatic shutdown 46
6.2.1.4 Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation 46
6.2.1.5 Auto-identification 46
6.2.1.6 Commissioning tests 46
6.2.1.7 Software migration 47
6.2.1.8 Firmware downloading 47
6.2.2 Battery backup .......................................................................... 47
6.2.3 External alarms .......................................................................... 47
6.2.4 Temperature control ................................................................... 47
6.2.4.1 Heating units 48
6.2.4.2 Heat exchangers (HEX) 48
6.2.4.3 Direct Air Cooling (DAC) 48
7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS ........................................ 49
7.1 Environmental conditions ............................................................... 49
7.1.1 Environmental conditions for operation and storage.............................. 49
7.1.1.1 Climatic conditions (operation, storage) 49
7.1.1.2 Mechanical conditions (operation, storage) 50
7.1.2 Environmental conditions for transportation ....................................... 52
7.1.2.1 Climatic conditions (transport) 52
7.1.2.2 Mechanical conditions (transport) 52
7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ................................................. 53
7.3 Acoustic noise .............................................................................. 53
7.4 Safety ........................................................................................ 53
7.5 Product Environmental Attributes ..................................................... 54
7.5.1 Materials .................................................................................. 54
7.5.2 Disassembly .............................................................................. 54
7.5.3 Batteries .................................................................................. 54
7.5.4 Product packaging ...................................................................... 55
7.5.5 Take back information ................................................................. 55
7.5.6 Documentation .......................................................................... 55
8 POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER DISSIPATION ..... 56
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 56
8.2 Power consumptions ...................................................................... 57
8.2.1 Conditions used for calculations are the following: ............................... 57

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8.2.2 Activation of features: ................................................................. 58
8.2.2.1 Downlink Power Control (15 26 30 B2) 58
8.2.2.2 Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (15 24 60 B2) 58
8.2.2.3 Dynamic Power Save (15 02 92 - B11 Option) 58
8.2.2.4 Multi-band cell (15 52 50 - B6.2 Option) 59
8.2.2.5 Others 59
8.2.3 Average daily traffic load .............................................................. 59
8.2.4 Example of Power consumptions for Configuration with MC-TRX ............... 60
8.3 Backup times ............................................................................... 61
8.4 Power dissipation ......................................................................... 62
8.4.1 Power dissipation of modules other than TRX ...................................... 63
8.4.2 Power dissipation of TRX modules ................................................... 63
9 RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY ............................................... 64
10 APPENDICES ....................................................................... 65
10.1 Appendix A: Related Reading ........................................................... 65
10.1.1 Applicable Documents .................................................................. 65
10.1.2 Reference Documents .................................................................. 66
10.2 Appendix B: Acronyms ................................................................... 67

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 : Overall 9100 Base Station architecture ........................................................................... 9
Figure 2 : ANC module ........................................................................................................... 10
Figure 3 : ANC - No-combining mode & No TX Div mode ................................................................... 12
Figure 4 : ANC - Combining mode & No TX Div mode ....................................................................... 12
Figure 5 : AND module .......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6 : AND principle ......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 7 : ANY module ........................................................................................................... 14
Figure 8 : ANY principle ......................................................................................................... 14
Figure 9 : MC-TRX Antenna Network connection ............................................................................ 15
Figure 10 : MC-TRX capabilities ................................................................................................ 16
Figure 11 : MC-TRX module ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 12 : TWIN-RX module .................................................................................................... 18
Figure 13 : SUMX variants ....................................................................................................... 20
Figure 14 : 9100 BTS subrack ................................................................................................... 21
Figure 15 : MBI5 .................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 16 : MBI3 .................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 17 : MBO2E ................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 18 : MBO1E ................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 19 : CBO ................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 20 : CBOE / CBIE ......................................................................................................... 31
Figure 21 : Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX in No TX Div ........................................................ 36
Figure 22 : Low-loss configurations for TWIN-TRX in No TX Div ........................................................... 36
Figure 23 : Extended cell principle ............................................................................................ 38
Figure 24 : Principles of tower-mounted amplification .................................................................... 39
Figure 25: TWIN-TRX module in TX Div & 4 RX div .......................................................................... 45
Figure 26 : Western Europe Case - Average Cell Load over 24 hours .................................................... 56
Figure 27 : Influence of DL PC on TRX Power consumption ............................................................... 58
Figure 28 : Backup time with BU90 batteries ................................................................................ 62


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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 : MC-TRX basic characteristics ....................................................................................... 17
Table 2 : TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level ................................................................... 17
Table 3 : TWIN-TRX basic characteristics .................................................................................... 19
Table 4 : TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level ................................................................. 19
Table 5 : SUMX basic characteristics .......................................................................................... 20
Table 6 : MBI5 basic characteristics ........................................................................................... 23
Table 7 : MBI3 basic characteristics ........................................................................................... 24
Table 8 : MBO2E basic characteristics ........................................................................................ 27
Table 9 : MBO1E basic characteristics ........................................................................................ 29
Table 10 : CBO basic characteristics .......................................................................................... 30
Table 11 : CBOE/CBIE basic characteristics .................................................................................. 31
Table 12 : Monoband configurations with MC-TRX .......................................................................... 33
Table 13 : Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX ....................................................................... 34
Table 14 : Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX ....................................................................... 35
Table 15 : TX modules and cables losses ..................................................................................... 40
Table 16 : TX diversity gain .................................................................................................... 43
Table 17 : 2RX diversity gain ................................................................................................... 44
Table 18 : 4RX diversity gain ................................................................................................... 45
Table 19 : Climate type and Heating Units .................................................................................. 48
Table 20 : Environmental conditions specifications ........................................................................ 49
Table 21 : Climatic conditions (operation, storage) ........................................................................ 50
Table 22 : Extended High Air Temperature (operation) ................................................................... 50
Table 23 : Mechanically substances (operation, storage) .................................................................. 50
Table 24 : Mechanically parameter (operation, storage) .................................................................. 51
Table 25 : Earthquake test conditions ........................................................................................ 51
Table 26 : Climatic conditions (transport) ................................................................................... 52
Table 27 : Mechanical substances (transport) ............................................................................... 52
Table 28 : Mechanical conditions (transport) ................................................................................ 53
Table 29 : Example configurations with and without DPS ................................................................. 60
Table 30 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) ................................................................... 60
Table 31 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and DL DTX ................ 60
Table 32 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900, with DL PC and without DL DTX ..... 61
Table 33 : Power dissipation example ........................................................................................ 63
Table 34 : System unavailability and downtime ............................................................................. 64


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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
This document provides an overview and describes the characteristics of the 9100 Base Station
product range from Alcatel Lucent.
Alcatel Lucent reserves the right to change the technical specifications without notice until General
Availability of the product. For more information on features availability, please refer to the
Product Bulletins, Feature Planning Guides, Baseline and Release Notes.
1.2 Scope of this Document
The scope of this document is the Product Description for Alcatel Lucent 9100 Base Station (GSM)
with Indoor Cabinets (MBI3, MBI5 and CBIE) and Outdoor Cabinets (MBO1E, MBO2E, CBO and CBOE)
covering SUMX, MC-TRX, TWIN-TRX, Single-TRX, Antenna Network and Combiner.
Present edition refers only to the products that are commercially available at the time of release of
the document; products (cabinets, modules) of older generation are not mentioned except when
applicable; for description of these equipment of older generation (e.g. of the radio modules, that
are still compatible with most recent cabinets and can be used in conjunction with recent radio
modules), reader is invited to refer to earlier editions of present document.


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2 9100 BASE STATION OVERVIEW
2.1 Overview
The 9100 Base Station range is designed to ensure an outstanding quality of service through very
high radio performances and minimum service interruption, and to facilitate all kinds of evolutions:
Site extension or sectorization, implementation of future features by software download only,
evolution from coverage to capacity mode, IP based transmission. In addition, special attention was
given to ease of deployment and maintenance. The use of highly integrated modules and state-of-
the-art components results in very high compactness and reliability.
The highlights of 9100 Base Stations are:
Outstanding quality of service due to
- Very high radio performances, in particular
- Guaranteed receive sensitivity, -112 dBm with MC-TRX, is far beyond the GSM
requirement
- Best-in-class coverage solutions (TWIN-TRX with TX diversity, 4Rx diversity, low-loss
configurations, High Power TRX) offer various ways of maximizing coverage of
existing or new sites
- Radio (synthesized) frequency hopping, antenna hopping, synchronized network and
antenna diversity may be used to improve spectrum efficiency
- Very high capacity, with up to 9 MC-TRX modules in MBI5 & MBO2 Evolution
cabinets, each MC-TRX being capable of 6 GSM carriers in 900 or 1800 band, or W-
CDMA carriers (900 MHz) or LTE carriers (1800 carriers), please refer to [R1] for
more information about Multi-Technology solutions
- Minimum service interruption
- Very high BTS availability due to both high module reliability and system
architecture
- Optimized software release migration thanks to the 9100 Base Station capability to
be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two software versions
High flexibility
- Wide possibilities of extensions and sectorization can be performed within the same
cabinet, e.g. the MBO2 Evolution and MBI5 cabinets can accommodate up to 9
sectors (3 sectors x 3 bands) with a total capacity of 9 RF modules (for 9 sectors the
antenna extension kit is necessary)
- Outdoor cabinets modularity provides flexibility for hosting extra optional
equipment (transmission, batteries, etc.)
- Same cabinet and system architecture for GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM
1900; 9100 Base Station product range includes mixed configurations (e.g. GSM 900,
W-CDMA 900 and GSM 1800 within the same cabinet)
- High modularity, with a highly reduced set of modules and a common interface
- Large panel of configurations matching every customer needs, in particular
possibility to use TWIN-TRX in capacity or coverage mode with remote switching
between both modes that does not require site visits
Ease of deployment and site interventions
- High compactness
- Outdoor cabinets extension principle allows an easy site installation
- Comprehensive set of self-tests

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- Minimum maintenance space necessary due to front access only
Future proof
- Ready for future features, e.g. GERAN Evolutions, thanks to a software-download
based evolution strategy
- Supports IP transport
- Support of W-CDMA and LTE: the MBI5 and MBO2 Evolution cabinets allow mixed
configurations with dual band GSM and dual band W-CDMA (for details see [R1], [R3]
and [R4])

2.2 Overall architecture
The 9100 Base Station is based on a three-level modular architecture, consisting of:
Antenna coupling level,
Transceiver (TRX) level,
Base station Control Function (BCF) level,
For which a reduced set of very highly integrated modules was developed.
The information flow between the Air interface and the A-bis interface is presented below.

Figure 1 : Overall 9100 Base Station architecture

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3 9100 BASE STATION - MODULES DESCRIPTION
3.1 Antenna coupling Level
The antenna coupling level is the stage between the antennas and the TRX level; it handles the
combining functions as well as the interface with the antennas.
With TWIN-TRX, a single Antenna Network module performs these functions for up to 2 or up to 4
TRX, depending on its type AND (Antenna Network Duplexer) or ANC (Antenna Network Combiner).
For configurations of higher capacity, a Combiner stage can be added (or MC-TRX is used instead of
TWIN-TRX). Thanks to the Antenna Network flexibility and to this modular building, the antenna
coupling level can be adapted to a wide range of requirements (reduction of attenuation losses,
minimization of the number of antennas).
With MC-TRX, no combining is required, making AND module best suited for configurations with MC-
TRX modules.
The general functions performed at this level are:
Duplex transmit and receive paths onto common antennas
Feeding the received signals from the antenna to the receiver front end, where the signals
are amplified and distributed to the different receivers (Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and
power splitter functions)
Providing filtering for the transmit and the receive paths
Combining, if necessary, output signals of different transmitters and connecting them to the
antenna(s)
Supervising antennas VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
Powering and supervising TMA through the feeder

Some of those functions are only available in a given type or a given version of the modules, as
described in more details in following chapters.
For those modules that include combiners (ANC), the hybrid Wide-band combining technique is
used, since it avoids tuning problems and is more reliable compared to remotely tuneable cavities.
Moreover it is compatible with the Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH).
Each sector is equipped with at least one such ANC or AND stage, which features very high
sensitivity reception, low attenuation, and minimum inter-modulation products.
3.1.1 Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module

Figure 2 : ANC module

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The Antenna Network Combiner module connects up to four transmits signals to two antennas, and
distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to four receivers (for the normal and the
diversity reception). This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing:
One duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and reception of
both downlink and uplink channels- hence minimizing the number of antenna
A frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna
One LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values, noise compression
and good reliability
Two splitter levels distributing the received signal to four separate outputs so that each
output receives the signal from its dedicated antenna and from the second one (diversity)
One Wide Band Combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one, only for
configurations with more than two TRX
Insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMA when TMA are
used; there is thus no need for separate Power Distribution Unit (PDU) nor Bias-Tee (Feeder
Lightning protections, that come with the ANC in case of outdoor BTS, are themselves of a
new type, compatible with this DC power feeding) (This function is only available with the
new Evolution version of this module; it can be disabled, even if TMA are used, in case
those TMA have their own PDU).

Except when explicitly mentioned, present edition considers only the new Evolution version of this
module, which is equivalent from a functional point of view to the previous one with the following
improvements:
Reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd)
Powering and supervision of TMA through the antenna feeders,
New "Snap N connectors" on the TRX side (faster and more secure connection, with
compatibility with exiting cables as well as with new cables themselves equipped with "Snap
N connectors"

ANC of different generations can be mixed in the same cabinet and even in same sector and can
also be used either with the MC-TRX module, TWIN-TRX module or with any previous TRX
generation.
The ANC can be manually configured (on site) in two modes depending on the number of TRX in the
sector and on the mode in which the TWIN-TRX module is used:
The No-combining mode for configuration up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to
one TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna
Connector ports of a same TWIN-TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band Combiner is
not needed, usage of Antenna network Module w/o combiner stage (AND) or in case of
Antenna network Module within Combiner stage the bypassed mode as shown in the figure
below:

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Antenna A
TXA - RXA -

RXdivB
Splitter WBC
TRX 1
TX RXn RXd
TRX 2
TX RXn RXd
Splitter
Splitter
LNA
Duplexer
Filter Filter
Splitter Splitter WBC
Antenna B
TXB- RXB - RXdivA
Duplexer
Filter Filter
Splitter
LNA
By-pass function
By-pass function

Figure 3 : ANC - No-combining mode & No TX Div mode
The Combining mode for configuration from 3 up to 4 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up
to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna
Connector ports of a same TWIN-TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band combiner is
not bypassed, as shown in the figure below:

Antenna A
TXA - RXA -

RXdivB
Splitter WBC
TRX 1
TX RXn RXd
TRX 4
TX RXn RXd
Splitter
Splitter
LNA
Duplexer
Filter Filter
Splitter Splitter WBC
Antenna B
TXB- RXB - RXdivA
Duplexer
Filter Filter
Splitter
LNA
TRX 2
TX RXn RXd
TRX 3
TX RXn RXd

Figure 4 : ANC - Combining mode & No TX Div mode

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3.1.2 Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module

Figure 5 : AND module
The Antenna Network Duplexer (AND) module connects up to two transmits signals to two antennas,
and distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to two receivers. The internal
architecture of the Antenna Network Duplexer corresponds to the architecture of the Antenna
Network Combiner (ANC) without the Combining Stage. Like the ANC, it comprises twice the same
structure, each structure containing: one duplexer, a frequency selective VSWR meter, one LNA and
insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMA when TMA are used.
Compared to the ANC module, the AND has a reduced size of 1/6th of a subrack instead of 1/4th.

Figure 6 : AND principle

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3.1.3 Antenna Network type Y (ANY)

Figure 7 : ANY module
The Antenna Network type Y has two Wide Band Combiner (WBC) and is able to combining two
times two transmit signals to one output. The function is equal to the WBC function of the ANC.
The ANY is used as an additional combining stage in front of the ANC for configuration with more
than 4 TRX. Therefore it is possible with one ANC and one ANY to handle 5-6 TRX and with one ANC
and two ANY 7-8 TRX.

Figure 8 : ANY principle
Compared to the ANC module, the ANY has a reduced size of less than 1/6th of a subrack instead of
1/4th.

3.2 Transceiver (TRX) level
The transceiver (TRX) level covers GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 functionalities,
including full rate, half rate, enhanced full rate, adaptive multi rate, GPRS/EDGE, antenna
diversity, radio frequency hopping (synthesized hopping),different ciphering algorithms and ready
for VAMOS functionality.
Present edition considers only the new TWIN-TRX and MC-TRX modules.

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3.2.1 MC-TRX module
3.2.1.1 MC-TRX principle
In a classical GSM BTS, each carrier is amplified separately. The common GSM BTS installation
consists usually of two antennas per sector for Rx diversity. In cells with more than two TRX,
carriers need to be combined before being transmitted via one of the two antennas. This combining
results in big power losses (To combine two carriers to one single antenna needs one stage of
combining which results in a loss of at least 3 dB, i.e. 50% of the power is lost).
The MC-TRX (Multi Carrier TRX) aims to overcome the power loss in combiner stages. Within a Multi
Carrier Power Amplifier, the carriers are combined before being converted to an analogue signal.
The analogue signal (the total of several carriers) is then amplified through one single PA. One
single TX path out of the amplifier module contains already several GSM carriers and does not need
to be combined anymore.
This amplified signal is then transmitted through one antenna.
Antenna
Network
2x 16W
GSM
TRX 1x 45W
cable,
combiner &
insertion
loss
4.5dB
2x 16W
GSM
4.5dB
TRX 1x 45W
TRX 1x 45W
TRX 1x 45W

4x 16W
GSM
4 carrier
22W
MC-TRX
1.3 dB
cable &
insertion
loss
Antenna
Network

Figure 9 : MC-TRX Antenna Network connection
The figure above shows one BTS sector: Left side conventional approach, right side uses MC-TRX to
reach the same result
The conventional approach via single carrier power amplifier needs 4x45W=180W of RF
output power on the module side to provide 4 GSM carrier in one sector. Due to the loss in
the necessary wideband combiner the antenna input is 2x2x16W=64W of RF power in this
sector
To reach the same result a MC-TRX needs 4x22W=88W of RF output power on the module
side. Because there is no combining needed the desired RF output power of 4x16W=64W is
also reached. To be noted that 4x16W are achieved without activation of "Power
Overbooking" (DPA) feature
The new Multi Carrier approach needs 180W-88W=92W less RF power to be transmitted to
reach exactly the same result. Assuming a certain efficiency of the power amplifier the BTS
is consuming far less electricity because it has to generate 92W less of RF power per sector


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3.2.1.2 Key benefits of MC technology
The Multi Carrier technology brings a great flexibility and provides new exciting possibilities:
Due to the de facto removal of wideband combining of GSM carriers in the path to the
antenna the overall power efficiency of a GSM BTS is increased. Radio power is simply not
lost in the combiner stages anymore.
Dynamic Power Voltage Adjustment (DPVA): With the Multi Carrier Modules Alcatel-Lucent
introduces a new technique to further reduce the power consumption. Normally a power
amplifier is designed for the highest output power requested. The amplifier gets here a
certain supply voltage where it is by design most efficient. A standard amplifier design
provides only one supply voltage. But in most of the cases the amplifier is used in partly or
even low load conditions where the amplifier is visibly less efficient and consumes more
power than necessary. Alcatel-Lucent provides therefore a new innovative technique to
enhance the amplifier efficiency also in low traffic situations. The power supply for the
amplifier is switchable and provides the best supply voltage for the PA depending on the
load conditions in the specific timeslot. From one GSM timeslot to the next this voltage is
adapted and keeps the amplifier always in the best efficiency range and therefore reduces
the power consumption of the amplifier.
The Multi Carrier technology allows the overbooking (DPA - Dynamic Power Allocation) of
the physical resource amplifier. Depending on the number of carriers configured on one
module a statistical gain can be realized. This gain is due to the fact that not all mobiles
are located on the edge of a cell. Radio power not used in a timeslot for a mobile close to
the BTS can be used to extend the range of another mobile on the cell edge on the same
timeslot but other carrier. So it is possible to either increase the corresponding cell size or
to increase the number of carrier used on the MC-TRX.
It is possible to emit GSM alone, another radio technology alone or even two radio
technologies simultaneously, e.g. GSM + WCDMA or GSM + LTE. This allows a smooth
introduction and transition to the next radio technology of choice.
A module provides a certain amount of physical output power. This power may be
distributed over a high number of carriers to provide capacity, focused on a less number of
carriers with higher power per carrier to provide coverage.
The MC-TRX allows the usage of two different radio technologies in parallel. This means the
physically available radio power can be shared e.g. between GSM and WCDMA or GSM and
LTE. It allows the smooth transition from one radio technology to another.

4 GSM carriers 2 GSM carriers 1 GSM carrier + 1 UMTS carrier 4 GSM carriers 2 GSM carriers 1 GSM carrier + 1 UMTS carrier

Figure 10 : MC-TRX capabilities
Figure above shows examples of MC-TRX capabilities
The MC-TRX technology is available first in the 900 and 1800 MHz GSM band. The Instantaneous
Bandwidth (IBW) of the MC-TRX is 20 MHz.

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3.2.1.3 MC-TRX characteristics

Figure 11 : MC-TRX module
The basic characteristics of the MC-TRX are shown in the table below:
MC-TRX 900 MC-TRX 1800
Working frequency bands (uplink /
downlink)
880-915 MHz / 925-960 MHz 1710-1785 / 1805-1880 MHz
Dimensions (HxWxD) 265 x 106 x 298 mm, pluggable in BTS subrack
(1/4 width of a BTS subrack)
Weight 7,3 kg
Instantaneous bandwidth (IBW) 20 MHz
Output power at module level 1x 90 W up to 6x 11 W
(details see below)

Single branch RX sensitivity -112 dBm
(for whole BTS down to -117 dBm, see next chapters)

Power supply DC -48V directly supported by cabinet power supply
Table 1 : MC-TRX basic characteristics
TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level, per GSM Carrier (logical TRX):
GSM
Carriers
(logical
TRX)
GSMK Output
Power
GSMK Output
Power
with low
overbooking
(DPA)
Note
GSMK Output
Power
with high
overbooking
(DPA)
Note

8 PSK Output
Power

1 Carrier 90W 90W 90W 60W
2 Carriers 45W 45W 45W 30W
Table 2 : TX output Power for MC-TRX at module level
Note: Assumes the module carries the BCCH and overbooking (DPA)

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3.2.2 TWIN-TRX module
The TWIN-TRX module is an ultra-compact TRX module that can be used in configurations in all
generations of BTS cabinets and can be mixed with TRX of previous generations. The twin TRX
module contains the functionality of up to 2 TRX and has the same size as a single TRX module of
the previous generation.
The TWIN-TRX can work in two modes:
"No TX Diversity", or "Capacity" mode: in this mode, two TRX (2 x 8 radio TS) are used in the
twin module. The two TRX can be connected to different Antenna Networks belonging to
different sectors (TWIN-TRX sharing).
"TX Diversity" or "Coverage" mode: in this mode, one TRX (8 radio TS) is used in the twin
module, with TX Diversity function: the two branches of the twin module send the same
signal, with an optimized time delay between both signals. Thanks to on-air combining and
diversity gain, this mode is equivalent to a very high TX power (up to 175 W in dense urban
and GSM 900, assuming a diversity gain of 2.9 dB). For the uplink path, either 2-way
(optionally with TMA) or 4-way Receive Diversity can be used in order to balance the link
budget.

The TWIN-TRX module is a product evolution that corresponds to two different strategies in the
quest for profitability:
Reducing the cost of each BTS site: As the TWIN-TRX module brings two TRX for the size of
one previous Single-TRX module, highly compact configurations are possible. These more
compact configurations need less floor space (thus reducing rental cost) and consume less
power.
Decreasing the number of BTS sites necessary: With its best-in-class radio performance and
the very high output power (equivalent to 175 W in GSM 900) when using TX Div, less radio
sites are necessary to obtain the same quality coverage. Using 4RxDiv or 2RxDiv and TMA
may be required in order to balance the link budget.

3.2.2.1 TWIN-TRX characteristics

Figure 12 : TWIN-RX module


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The basic characteristics of the TWIN-TRX are shown in the table below:
TWIN-TRX 900 TWIN-TRX 1800 TWIN-TRX 800 TWIN-TRX 1900
Working frequency
bands (uplink /
downlink)
880-915 MHz /
925-960 MHz
1710-1785 /
1805-1880 MHz
824-829 MHz /
869-894 MHz
1850-1910 MHz /
1930-1990 MHz
(1/4 width of a BTS subrack)
Weight 7,3 kg
Output power at
module level
2x 45 W
Single branch RX
sensitivity
-111 dBm
(for whole BTS down to -117 dBm, see next chapters)

Table 3 : TWIN-TRX basic characteristics
TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level for one functional TRX:
GSM Carriers
(logical=functional TRX)
GSMK
Output
Power
8 PSK
Output
Power
1 Carrier 45W 30W
Table 4 : TX output Power for TWIN-TRX at module level
The TX output powers above are in capacity mode, i.e. each of the functional TRX achieves these
output powers. In coverage mode, i.e. with TX Diversity, a significant extra gain has to be
considered (see "TX Diversity" chapter) thanks to on-air combining and diversity.
3.3 BCF level - Station Unit Module (SUM)
The BCF (Base Station Control Function) level is ensured by the Station Unit Module (SUM), which is
the central unit of the BTS. One Station Unit Module manages several sectors and TRX ("Station Unit
Sharing").
The main base station control functions performed are as follows:
Transmission Termination: Handling the A-bis transmission links, up to four E1 A-bis
interfaces or electrical or optical Gigabit Ethernet link (the number and sort of usable links
depending on used BSS software release and used SUM hardware, see below)
Generating the clocks for all other BTS modules; the clocks can be either synchronized to an
external clock reference - e.g. A-bis link, GPS receiver, another BTS - or generated in a
pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator; (the use of GPS is depending on
used BSS software and used SUMX hardware, see below)
Ensuring central BTS Operation & Maintenance (O&M) application
- Handling Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) and transmission equipment super-
vision (Qmux) protocols
- Alarm collection
- Controlling the AC/DC function when integrated inside the BTS
- Controlling the battery (capacity, voltage, temperature, charging current) when
integrated inside the BTS

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3.3.1.1 SUMX characteristics

Figure 13 : SUMX variants
There are existing different variants of SUMX. These functional variants have different options
allowing additional features. The use of the features depends which BSS software release is used.
The GNC (GSM New Class) option provides additional interfaces for the SUMX
- Two additional E1 interfaces (then up to 4 E1 A-bis connections are possible)
- Optical interfaces (for optical Gigabit Ethernet A-bis connection)
- Additional Gigabit Ethernet interface
The GPS option provides an GPS antenna interface for the SUMX
- To synchronize the BTS via the GPS satellite signals.
- This option allows with the corresponding SW feature the highly accurate
synchronization of the BTS and enables BSS features like synchronized network
which could visibly increase the capacity of a GSM network in interference limited
scenarios.
The basic characteristics of the SUMX variants are shown in the table below:
SUMX
standard
SUMX with
GNC option
SUMX with
GPS option
SUMX with
GNC & GPS
option
(<1/6 width of a BTS subrack)
Weight 1 kg
GPS antenna interface (for GPS
synchronized clock)
no no yes yes
A-bis GigE optical no yes no yes
A-bis GegE electrical yes
A-bis E1 up to 2 up to 4 up to 2 up to 4
Table 5 : SUMX basic characteristics
The same SUMX is used inside the SUMX 19 Inch, see [R2] for details.

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4 9100 BASE STATION - CABINETS DESCRIPTION
4.1 General
A common interface for all BTS modules to be plugged in a subrack has been defined. No dedicated
locations within the subrack for each module are pre-assigned. The module location within the BTS
is defined taking into account easy front cabling and optimization of thermal dissipation. Easy
assembly, dismounting and extensions on site is guaranteed.
All active modules have their own integrated power supply. Each basic module supports hot
insertion and extraction. No service interruption is thus necessary during most maintenance
interventions.
A connection area is provided on the top of the indoor cabinet so as to link all external connections
to the BTS (A-bis, power supply, external alarms, etc.).
The BTS cabinets have been designed in such a way, that an easy disassembling for recycling is
possible. All modules are fixed in the sub-racks with Cam-Locks, which can be fastened and
unfastened very quickly without need for specific tools.
To fulfil strong vibration requirements some heavy weight modules in outdoor BTS are additionally
fastened with screws.
Snap-In technology is used as much as possible as e.g. for the fan cassettes, over voltages
protection for data lines and signal inputs for external alarms.
4.1.1 Subrack of cabinets
There is one type of subrack for the different cabinets existing.
Inside the subrack the BTS modules (Antenna Network, Transceiver and Station Unit) are
plugged in, the number and type of modules available to plug in is configuration dependent
The bottom of the subrack can be equipped with plug-in fan stages to ensure module
cooling; the fan speed is controlled by the BTS (SUM) according to the internal BTS
temperature
The subrack has an integral backplane, which provides the electrical and signalling
interface for the modules

Figure 14 : 9100 BTS subrack
There exist two variants of the subrack (see figure above)
standard one for use in all cabinets, but not in CBIE and CBOE

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specific one (with half width of standard variant) for use in CBIE and CBOE

4.2 Indoor cabinets
Two types of Multi-Standard Base Station Indoor cabinets (also called racks) are available.
the MBI3 cabinet, with three subracks
the MBI5 cabinet, with a capacity of five subracks
These cabinets are designed for installation back to back or to the wall; installation in rows is
supported. The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling
is also accessible from the front side). MBI3 and MBI5 are two independent cabinets. MBI3 cabinet
cannot then be extended to MBI5 cabinet.
Additional the Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution (CBIE) is available. The CBIE is the indoor
version of the CBOE (Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution) and is defined for Rural and Street
coverage with zero footprints.
4.2.1 MBI5 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor)

Figure 15 : MBI5
The MBI5 is available in 3 versions
in 5 subracks version (MBI5)
in 3 subracks version (MBI53)
as shared BTS, hosting 2 BTS inside (MBI5S)

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The MBI5 cabinet can host GSM or W-CDMA modules or both together, thereby allowing a very cost-
effective introduction of W-CDMA, i.e. without impact on site engineering.
As shared BTS (MBI5S), the MBI5 cabinet can host 2 GSM BTS inside one cabinet. Such a shared
solution with standard modules allows a very cost-effective introduction of two GSM BTS in one MBI5
cabinet. All common cabinet parts are then managed by the 1st BTS via OMC reporting (e.g.
external alarms).
The basic characteristics of the MBI5 variants are shown in the table below:
MBI5 MBI53 MBI5S
Depth 45 cm
High 194 cm
Width 60 cm
Wight 130 kg
Power supply
DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage)
(-60V possible)
Number of subracks 5 3 5
Antenna connectors
12 (18 with extension kit)
(6 or 9 sectors)
External alarms 16
Mounting floor
Protection Level IP 20
Table 6 : MBI5 basic characteristics
New optimised version equipped with 3 subracks, but extendable to 5 subracks through a kit
containing the corresponding subracks and fans.
This provides a cost optimized solution for initial deployment of networks, when most
configurations are still with at most 3x4 carriers; at the same time, it lets open the possibility at
any time, through the appropriate kit, to add the two subracks and have access to the full range of
configurations up to 3x8 carriers: investment in the needed subracks is only made when and where
it is needed.
supported.
The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also
accessible from the front side).
The MBI3 and MBI5 9100 Base Station cabinets have to be fixed (floor fixation or wall fixation).
Levelling feet can be used to compensate uneven surface.

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4.2.2 MBI3 (Multi-Standard Base-Station Indoor)

Figure 16 : MBI3
The MBI3 cabinet can host GSM or W-CDMA modules or both together, thereby allowing a very cost-
effective introduction of W-CDMA, i.e. without impact on site engineering.
The basic characteristics of the MBI3 are shown in the table below:
MBI3
Depth 45 cm
High 130 cm
Width 60 cm
Weight 86 kg
Power supply
(-60V possible)
Number of subracks 3
Antenna connectors
12
(6 sectors)
External alarms 16
Mounting floor
Table 7 : MBI3 basic characteristics
supported.
The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also
accessible from the front side).
The MBI3 and MBI5 9100 Base Station cabinets have to be fixed (floor fixation or wall fixation).
Levelling feet can be used to compensate uneven surface.


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4.2.3 CBIE (Compact Base-Station Indoor Evolution)
The CBIE (Compact Base Station Indoor Evolution) is the indoor version of the CBOE (Compact Base
Station Outdoor Evolution)
The CBIE is identical to the CBOE, except of the air filter. In CBIE an air filter for indoor
requirements is used. This allows a cost optimized solution for the indoor use of the Compact Base
Station Evolution.

For details and characteristic of Compact Base Station Evolution see chapter for CBOE.

4.3 Outdoor cabinets
Three families of outdoor cabinets are available:
Multi-Standard Base Station Outdoor cabinets (MBO cabinets), that include the MBO1
Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets; they allow a wide variety of configurations, with a
lot of flexibility to extend from one configuration to another or even from the MBO1
Evolution cabinet to the MBO2 Evolution cabinet; as their name imply, they are designed
taking into account the multi-standard context: the same cabinets can be used for GSM or
for W-CDMA applications; and most of those cabinets even allow multi-standard
configurations, i.e. configurations in which radio modules from both GSM and W-CDMA
standards are simultaneously present (in fact, only the MBO1 Evolution, due to its compact
size/ low height does not allow such multi-standard configurations). MBO2 Evolution can
host 2 BTS by left and right part of cabinet, thereby allowing a very cost-effective
introduction of 2GSM BTS called MBO2S
Compact Base Station Outdoor cabinet (CBO) that targets specific applications for which the
number of TRX per cabinet is low (3 transceiver modules), both at installation time and for
a foreseeable future; taking such assumptions in consideration allows to define a very
compact and cost effective cabinet adapted for those situations that are typical of rural
application with very low density of traffic
Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution (CBOE), an ultra compact lightweight cabinet
which is optimized for smallest footprint and flexible mounting on ground, wall or pole. The
CBOE is suitable for single-sector applications like remote rural sites or low layer cells in
buildings and in dense urban areas. The CBOE supports up to tow sectors for street or
railway coverage. Thanks to the usage of Direct Air Cooling System the CBOE supports an
extended temperature range and allows for low TCO. In addition to the outdoor version, an
indoor version called Compact Base Station Indoor Evolution (CBIE) is available with same
characteristics as the CBOE, except that the filter is adapted to indoor conditions.
The AC version of these cabinets is designed to operate directly from external Alternating Current
(AC) main supplies. This solution avoids the use of external power supply equipment, which is a gain
in term of cost and floor space.
The DC version of these cabinets is designed to operate from external Direct Current (DC) power
supply voltages. This is adapted when external DC source of current is preferred, such as power
supply equipment with rectifiers and batteries or solar panels.

26 / 67

4.3.1 MBO2E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution)

Figure 17 : MBO2E
The Multi-Standard Outdoor Base Station cabinet MBO2 Evolution offer operators important
flexibility with:
An easy adaptation on-site from the MBO2 Evolution to MBO2 Evolution Shared BTS
- The MBO2 Evolution shared BTS is obtained by adapting on-site MBO2E to 2 BTS,
which respectively corresponding to left part cabinet and right part cabinet. All
common cabinet parts are managed by the left part BTS via OMC reporting (e.g.
External alarms etc.).
Dedicated space to answer operator needs in power, transmission or other equipment
- up to 2 battery shelves to insert each a 90 Ah battery for backup
- AC/DC power supply (for AC variant of MBO2E)
- 19'' mounting frames (up to 2x 6U and 2x 3U, depending on used battery or power
supply)
One flexible service light provided inside MBO2E
One 220V service socket (to connect e.g. a Personal Computer) is provided inside MBO2E
(AC version)
Several features are optional orderable due to individual operation needs
- Heating Units
- HEX or DAC cooling system
- Water detector
- Smoke detector
- Battery Units
- Plinth (depending on site preparation needs)
- 19'' mounting frames
An easy site installation (or dismantling) due to the cabinets modularity; the most heavy
module weights only 90 kg
A height limited to less than 150cm (without the mounting plinth which is optional): the
constraints of site implementation are thus minimized

27 / 67

One filtered external DC input/output is available to connect either an external battery or
an external DC equipment
- Up to 1000W external DC load are supported if the 6th subrack connector is used to
feed this optional user equipment, in this case only five subracks are available for
GSM application.
7 connectors to power options up to 500 W (e.g. IDU, NTL) inside the cabinet are available

The basic characteristics of the MBO2E are shown in the table below:
MBO2E
Depth 74 cm (80 cm on roof level)
High 146 cm (161 cm with plinth option)
Width 156 cm
Weight 292 kg
Power supply
AC: 230V single or three phase (187 to 264 normal service
voltage, 47 to 63 Hz)
Antenna connectors
16 (18 with extension kit)
(8 or 9 sectors)
External alarms
11 free available (3 from outside cabinet, 8 from inside cabinet)
5 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke
Detector, Water Detector)
Mounting ground (optional with plinth)
Cooling HEX or DAC
Options/User space
19 Inch, 3 U up to 18 U high (depending of power type and number
of batteries)
Battery up to 2 branches
Table 8 : MBO2E basic characteristics


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4.3.2 MBO1E (Multi-Standard Base-Station Outdoor Evolution)

Figure 18 : MBO1E
The Multi-Standard Outdoor Base Station cabinet MBO2 Evolution offer operators important
flexibility with:
An easy extension on-site from the MBO1E to the MBO2E BTS
- Create a MBO2E by adding at the right side of MBO1E the extension rack (MBOEE)
Dedicated space to answer operator needs in power, transmission or other equipment
- up to 2 battery shelves to insert each a 90 Ah battery for backup
- AC/DC power supply (for AC variant of MBO1E)
- 19'' mounting frames (up to 2x 6U and 1x 3U, depending on used battery or power
supply)
One flexible service light provided inside MBO1E
One 220V service socket (to connect e.g. a Personal Computer) is provided inside MBO1E
(AC version)
Several features are optional orderable due to individual operation needs
- Heating Units
- HEX or DAC cooling system
- Water detector
- Smoke detector
- Battery Units
- Plinth (depending on site preparation needs)
- 19'' mounting frames
An easy site installation (or dismantling) due to the cabinets modularity; the most heavy
module weights only 90 kg
A height limited to less than 150cm (without the mounting plinth which is optional): the
constraints of site implementation are thus minimized
One filtered external DC input/output is available to connect either an external battery or
an external DC equipment
- Up to 1000W external DC load are supported

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7 connectors to power options up to 500 W (e.g. IDU, NTL) inside the cabinet are available

The basic characteristics of the MBO1E are shown in the table below:
MBO1E
Depth 74 cm (80 cm on roof level)
High 146 cm (161 cm with plinth option)
Width 94 cm
Weight 188 kg
Power supply
AC: 230V single or three phase (187 to 264 normal service voltage, 47 to
63 Hz)
Antenna connectors
8
(4 Sectors)
External alarms
5 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke Detector,
Water Detector)
Mounting ground (optional with plinth)
Cooling HEX or DAC
Options/User space
19 Inch, up to 15 U high (depending of power type and number of
batteries)
Battery up to 2 branches
Table 9 : MBO1E basic characteristics

4.3.3 CBO (Compact Base-Station Outdoor)

Figure 19 : CBO

30 / 67

The design of the Compact Base Station Outdoor Cabinet (CBO) is an optimization and allowing very
cost effective solutions for rural and road applications with:
a low to medium traffic (not only at the initial network roll-out, but as far as it can be
anticipated, in a longer term)
the need to have service available on large areas, despite low traffic density

The Compact Base Station Outdoor Cabinet (CBO) offer operators important flexibility with:
An area dedicated to 19" additional transmission equipment, with 3U of height is available
One filtered external 48 V DC input/output is available for external options with a power of
up to 500 W

The CBO cabinet is available as DC powered cabinet version. The full capacity for modules requires
DAC air cooling.
CBO
Depth 70 cm
High 90 cm
Width 72 cm
Weight 94 kg
Power supply DC: -48V (40.5 to 57 V nominal service voltage)
Antenna connectors
6
(3 Sectors)
External alarms
2 pre equipped (HEX or DAC fan, Door Switch)
Mounting ground
Cooling HEX or DAC
Options/User space 19 Inch, 3 U high
Battery no
Protection Level IP55
Table 10 : CBO basic characteristics


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4.3.4 CBOE (Compact Base-Station Outdoor Evolution)

Figure 20 : CBOE / CBIE
The CBOE (Compact Base Station Outdoor Evolution) is defined for Rural and Street coverage with
zero footprints. CBOE is used for outdoor installation. Ground, wall, pole or mast mounting is
possible.
For indoor use a variant with a different air inlet filter is available, the CBIE (see also chapter of
CBIE).
CBOE CBIE
Depth 50 cm
High 90 cm
Width 37 cm
Weight 40 kg
Power supply
AC: 230V single phase (187 to 264 normal service voltage, 47 to 63 Hz)
Number of subracks 2 specific subracks (with half width of standard subrack)
Antenna connectors
4
(2 Sectors)
External alarms
3 pre equipped (DAC fan, Door Switch, Rectifier)
Mounting ground, wall, pole or mast floor, wall
Cooling DAC
Options/User space 19 Inch, 3 U high
Battery no
Protection Level IP55 IP43
Table 11 : CBOE/CBIE basic characteristics


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5 9100 BTS PODUCT RANGE AND CONFIGURATIONS
The flexibility of the 9100 Base Station architecture allows building a wide variety of configurations
answering various needs. The purpose of this chapter is to describe them in more details.
The different possible BTS configurations are sorted in families inside which common principles are
shared.
Monoband BTS configurations:
o A single GSM frequency band is used (as opposed to multiband
configurations)
o TWIN-TRX module are in No TX Div or in TX Div mode
- Standard:
o An interface with the antenna system realized through one single ANC
module in each sector (and then through two feeders and two antennas or
one dual-polarized antenna); depending on the configuration, no ANY level
or one ANY level (i.e. two modules) has to be used
- Low-Loss:
o For these configurations, the interface with the antenna system is through
at least two ANC/AND modules in each sector ("air combining")
o This allows to decrease the losses compared to a standard configuration
with the same number of TRX
o Such configurations exist only above 2 TRX per sector
- Extended Cell:
o Two sectors organized in an inner and an outer cell
o Inner cell and outer cell are always Standard configurations
Multiband BTS configurations:
o Combination of two frequency bands (GSM 850 or GSM 900 in one band with
GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 in the other one)
o Within each band, Multiband configurations are of Standard type (as
opposed to Low-Loss) with TWIN-TRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode
- Without Multiband Cell:
o some sectors are with TRX of one frequency band, other sectors are with
TRX of the other frequency band
- With Multiband Cell:
o sectors are including TRX with both frequency bands
Multi-Technology BTS configurations:
o Combination of GSM and LTE or WCDMA in one cabinet
o For more information, please refer to [R1]

5.1 BTS configurations overview
In the following chapters some of the possible configurations are described. Additional to
configurations with MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX in a BTS, there are configurations with MC-TRX and TWIN-
TRX mixed in one BTS or also within one sector possible. (For more details about these
configurations refer to the GSM Generic Customer Documentation).

33 / 67

To keep in mind is the difference between the TRX module (MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX) and the GSM
carriers (logical TRX):
one MC-TRX module have one TX connection and allows to configure 1 to 6 GSM Carriers
(logical TRX)
one TWIN-TRX module have two TX connections and have 2 GSM Carriers (logical TRX), one
per TX connection
5.1.1 Monoband configurations with MC-TRX
The following Table give a summary for Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX:
One MC-TRX module can be configured from 1 to 6 GSM Carriers (logical-TRX)
In each sector up to 2 MC-TRX modules are possible

Max logical TRX per sector
(max MC-TRX module per sector)
MBI3 MBI5
(Note 1)
MBO1E
HEX
MBO1E
DAC
MBO2E
HEX
MBO2E
DAC
CBO
HEX
CBO
DAC
CBOE
/ CBIE
Standard
1
sector
12
(2 MC)

12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
2
sector
s
12
(2 MC)

12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
6
(1 MC)
6/12
(1/2 MC)

(Note 2)

6
(1 MC)
3
sector
s
12
(2 MC)

12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
12
(2 MC)
6
(1 MC)

4
sector
s
6/12
(1/2 MC)

(Note 2)

9
(2 MC)
6
(1 MC)
6/12
(1/2 MC)

(Note 2)

6/10
(1/2 MC)

(Note 2)

9
(2 MC)

Max MC-TRX module per BTS
BTS 6 MC 9 MC 4 MC 6 MC 7 MC 9 MC 2 MC 3 MC 2 MC
Table 12 : Monoband configurations with MC-TRX
(Note 1)
MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the maximum
capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit)
(Note 2)
MBI3: 2 sectors up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 2 sectors up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX)
MBO1E with DAC: 2 sectors up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 2 sectors up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX)
MBO2E with HEX: 3 sectors up to 10 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 1 sector up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX)
CBO with DAC: 1 sector up to 12 TRX (2 MC-TRX) and 1 sector up to 6 TRX (1 MC-TRX)


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5.1.2 Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX
The following Table give a summary for Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX:
Max logical TRX per sector
(max TWIN-TRX module per sector)
MBI3 MBI5
(Note 1)
MBO1E MBO2E CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE /
CBIE
Standard, no TX div (capacity mode)
1 sector 8
(4 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
4
(2 TWIN)
2 sector 6
(3 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
3
(1
1
/
2
TWIN)
3
(1
1
/
2
TWIN)
2
(1 TWIN)
3 sector 4
(2 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
4
(2 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)
2
(1 TWIN)
2
(1 TWIN)

4 sector 2
(1 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
2
(1 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)

Low-Loss, no TX div (capacity mode)
1 sector 12
(6 TWIN)
16
(8 TWIN)
12
(6 TWIN)
16
(8 TWIN)
4
(2 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
4
(2 TWIN)
2 sector 6
(3 TWIN)
12
(6 TWIN)
6
(3 TWIN)
12
(6 TWIN)

3 sector

8
(4 TWIN)
8
(4 TWIN)

Standard, TX div (coverage mode)
1 sector 4
(4 TWIN)
4
(4 TWIN)
4
(4 TWIN)
4
(4 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2 sector 2
(2 TWIN)
4
(4 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
4
(4 TWIN)
1
(1 TWIN)
1
(1 TWIN)
1
(1 TWIN)
3 sector 2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
1
(1 TWIN))

Low-Loss, TX div (coverage mode)
1 sector 2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2 sector 2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)

3 sector 2
(2 TWIN)
2
(2 TWIN)

Table 13 : Monoband configurations with TWIN-TRX
(Note 1)
MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the
maximum capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit)


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5.1.3 Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX
The following Table give a summary for Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX:
Max logical TRX per sector - band1 / band 2
(max MC-TRX module per sector - band 1 / band 2)
MBI3 MBI5
(Note 1)
MBO1E MBO2E CBO HEX CBO DAC CBOE /
CBIE
Standard, no TX div (capacity mode)
1 sector 6/6
(3/3 TWIN)
12/12
(6/6 TWIN)
6/6
(3/3 TWIN)
12/12
(6/6 TWIN)
4/2
(2/1 TWIN)
4/2
(2/1 TWIN)
2/2
(1/1 TWIN)
2 sector 6/6
(3/3 TWIN)
2/2
(1/1 TWIN)
6/6
(3/3 TWIN)

3 sector 4/4
(2/2 TWIN)
4/4
(2/2 TWIN)

Table 14 : Multiband configurations with TWIN-TRX
(Note 1)
MBI53 (the MBI5 equipped with 3 subracks) has the same initial capacity as the MBI3, to achieve the
maximum capacity as the MBI5, the upgrade MBI53 to MBI5 is necessary (possible with upgrade kit)

5.2 BTS configurations detail characteristics
Following chapters detail the characteristics specific to each of these families, especially regarding
the arrangement of Antenna Network (ANC, AND), Wide Band Combiners (ANY) and TRX (MC-TRX
and TWIN-TRX).
5.2.1 Standard configurations
The interface with the antenna system is through one single Antenna Network module (ANC or AND)
in each sector (and then through 2 feeders and two antennas or one dual-polarized antenna).
The building of configurations regarding the number and type of used modules depends on the
number of used TRX modules (MC-TRX or TWIN-TRX) per sector and is done in the following way:
One AN (ANC or AND) is used for one sector
A MC-TRX could only be connected to the AND or ANC in Non-Combining mode, therefore
maximum is 2 MC-TRX in one sector
Using TWIN-TRX (one TWIN-TRX has 2 RF-connections for 2 logical TRX)
- up to 2 RF-connections are possible to the AND or ANC in Non-Combining mode
- up to 4 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode
- up to 6 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode and one ANY
- up to 8 RF-connections are possible to ANC in Combining mode and two ANY


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1 up to2TRX/ sect or
No-combining
ANC or AND
Antenna Antenna
TRX 1 TRX 2
3 up to 4TRX/ sector
Ant enna Antenna
TRX 1 TRX 4
Combining
ANC
5 up to 6TRX/ sector 5 up t o 8RX/ sect or
TRX 1 TRX 2
Combining
ANC
Ant enna Antenna
TRX 3 TRX 6
Combiner (ANY)
TRX 1 TRX 4
Combining
ANC
Antenna Antenna
TRX 5 TRX 8
Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY)

Figure 21 : Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX in No TX Div
The number of sectors and TRX depends on the cabinet type (see table above for details).
The different sectors of a given BTS can include different numbers of TRX. Sectored sites requiring
more TRX than indicated in the table above can be achieved by using of two, three or four BTS at
this site. 9100 Base Stations can be combined with BTS of other generations at the same site.
Standard configurations with TWIN-TRX use TWIN-TRX in either No TX Div or TX Div mode.
5.2.2 Low-Loss configurations
The principle of low-loss configurations is to decrease the losses in one sector compared to standard
configurations with the same number of TWIN-TRX, by decreasing the number of combining levels,
therefore increasing the number of antennas in the sector ("air-combining").
The low-loss configurations use the Antenna Network Combining module (ANC) in the following way:

Two AND or ANC per sector (therefore four antennas or two with cross-polarized antenna
per sector)
- Two AND or ANC Non-Combining mode per sector for up to 4 RF connections (2
TWIN-TRX)
- Two ANC in Combining mode per sector for 5 up to 8 RF connections (up to 4 TWIN-
TRX)

No-combining
ANC or AND
TRX 1 TRX 2
3 up to 4 TRXs / sector
Antennas
TRX 3 TRX 4
5 up to 8 TRXs /sector
TRX 1
TRX 8
No-combining
ANC or AND
Combining
ANC
Antennas
Combining
ANC

Figure 22 : Low-loss configurations for TWIN-TRX in No TX Div
5.2.3 Multiband configurations
All 9100 Base Stations have been designed so as to allow multi-band operation, following the 'One-
cabinet concept': The same cabinets, the same subracks are used for configurations with
combination of two frequency bands (GSM 850 or GSM 900 in one band with GSM 1800 or GSM 1900
in the other one).

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Multiband configurations include GSM 850 or GSM 900 / GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 modules, in the same
cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM), which handles the control functions of the BTS
(operation and maintenance, transmission, clock generation ...).
Alcatel-Lucent proposes two types of Multiband configurations depending on the way BCCH is
handled: one BCCH in each band (Without Multiband Cell) or a common BCCH (With Multiband Cell).
From the hardware point of view, there is no difference between a configuration Without Multiband
Cell and its equivalent With Multiband Cell; only the BTS/BSC configuration data is different.
All configurations installed in a Monoband infrastructure can be upgraded for Multiband operation,
in either Multiband BTS without Multiband cell or Multiband BTS with Multiband cell mode, by
inserting transceivers and antenna-coupling modules operating in the second band and by
downloading the relevant software version and data base.
As already mentioned,
the 1-sector configurations (single BCCH) are similar from a hardware point of view to the
2-sector configurations of the Multiband BTS (dual BCCH)
5.2.4 Configuration built with several cabinets
If the needed site configurations (indoor or outdoor, Monoband or Multiband) cannot be achieved
with a single cabinet, it can be done using several collocated cabinets. In that case, all the TRX of
one sector must belong to the same cabinet.
It is possible to optimize the number of cabinets needed for a site configuration (indoor or outdoor,
Monoband or Multiband) built with more than one cabinet, thanks to the 'Cell Split over two BTS'
feature.
In that case, the TRX of one sector can be split over two 9100 BTS cabinets. Various configurations
are possible, the only constraint being that following conditions are fulfilled:
Maximal number of logical TRX per cell is 16.
Maximal number of cabinets between which a given cell is shared is 2.
Cabinets between which a cell is shared are clock synchronised in a master/slave
configuration
Note: when used in Monoband configurations, cell split feature may allow to reduce the
number of cabinets with regards to the solution with one cabinet per sector; but at the
expense of a more complex antenna system (two ANC, hence 4 feeders per sector instead of
2 feeders, as for Low-Loss configurations); this has to be considered before selecting such a
solution

5.2.5 Extended cell configurations
To provide a continuous coverage minimizing the number of sites is the goal of all operators.
Particularly difficult is to reach this goal in sparsely populated areas, because of the 35 kilometres
limitation in cell size stipulated by GSM recommendations.

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The Extended cell technology, which allows reaching a coverage range of up to 70 km, is a solution
in low traffic density areas as rural areas, highways, off shore, desert areas, and isles in coastal
vicinity.
An extended cell is composed of one BTS including two sectors. The first sector handles inner-cell
traffic up to 35 km; the second sector handles outer-cell traffic, from 33 km to a maximum of 70
km. Depending on the needed traffic, each sector can include from 1 up to 8 TRX.

Figure 23 : Extended cell principle

5.3 Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA)
A significant part of the benefits brought by the outstanding sensitivity of the 9100 Base Station can
be lost if the losses incurred by signals along the feeder cable between the receiving antenna and
the antenna network are too high. As a matter of fact the noise factor of the system is degraded by
an amount depending on the feeder loss.
The basic idea of tower-mounted amplification is to implement a low-noise amplifier as close as
possible to the antenna (figure below), so as to compensate for all losses incurred by received
signals. The TMA solution can be used in GSM 900 or 1800, indoor or outdoor configurations.

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TRX TRX TRX TRX
Feeders
TMAs
Antenna
network combining: ANce
DUX DUX
Antennas
DUX DUX

Figure 24 : Principles of tower-mounted amplification
Tower-mounted amplification appears as an efficient sensitivity enhancement technique; however,
both uplink and downlink power budgets must be considered for the calculation of the coverage
range: The smallest available path loss determines the range. In that respect, tower-mounted
amplification can be beneficial in those cases where system performance is limited by a weaker
uplink budget.
On the other hand, in the case of a balanced uplink/downlink situation, the introduction of tower-
mounted amplification can be an efficient mean to reduce the output power level of all mobile
stations. The uplink power control mechanism provided at each base station will force all mobiles
to reduce their emission level. Two benefits can be obtained in that case:
A lower output power favourably impacts the standby time of every mobile station,
A lower output power can contribute to minimize the 'electromagnetic pollution' within the
service area.
However, the introduction of a TMA in a balanced uplink/downlink situation will generate some
downlink insertion losses, thereby slightly reducing the coverage.
In summary, the decision to exploit tower-mounted amplification may be influenced by system
design considerations but also result from the application of the operators internal policy.
The counterpart of getting a better sensitivity by means of a tower-mounted amplifier is the risk to
degrade the blocking and intermodulation characteristics of the base station if the value of the
amplification gain greatly exceeds the value of the feeder losses. The attention of operators is
drawn to the fact that, in such a case, the site equipment might not fully comply with ETSI
requirements settled in the GSM recommendation 05.05.
All 9100 Base Stations are compatible with tower-mounted amplifiers, provided the following
requirements are fulfilled:
The TMA shall allow for one single feeder to be used for transmit and receive signals,
The TMA shall be equipped with duplexers, allowing for the splitting of uplink and downlink
signals with at least 30dB isolation. The transmit signal shall be bypassed to the antenna
and the receive signal shall be amplified by a low-noise amplifier.
Multi-band configurations are possible only if the signals used in each antenna are mono
band (in fact, TMA module which is used per antenna is mono band).

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TMA power supply and supervision is provided by the Antenna Network (ANC and AND). So, external
power supply elements (PDU & bias-tee) for TMA would be needed only for TMA not compliant with
ANCE power supply (12 V DC +/- 5%).
Note that an interesting alternative to TMA may be the use of 4 ways Receive Diversity, which
requires extra antennas but spares the introduction of these extra active equipments. Also TMA
require supervision, which is not the case for 4 way receive diversity.
Alcatel-Lucent has in its catalogue various solutions depending on exact frequency bands and types
of module (single, duplex, dual duplex).

5.4 TX output power at antenna connector
The TX output power at antenna connector depends on the TRX output power and on the losses of
modules and cables between the TRX and the antenna connector, according the following formula:
TX output power at antenna connector = TRX output power total TX loss
The TRX output power is given in the chapters for TWIN-TRX and MC-TRX.
The total TX loss is the loss of cables from TRX to antenna networks and the antenna network
insertion losses. This depends on the configuration used
The following table gives the typical TX losses of the different modules and cables. This table is
independent from TWIN-TRX module mode (TX div or not) and from TX modulation (GMSK or 8PSK):
Module or cable Loss (in dB)
AND 0.8
ANC in Non-Combining mode 0.8
ANC in Combining mode 4.2
ANY 3.3
cable TRX to ANY 0.2
cable TRX to ANC/AND 0.2
cable ANY to ANC/AND 0.2
cable ANC/AND to Top Of Cabinet
(TOC)
0.3
Table 15 : TX modules and cables losses

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6 MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS
6.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission
6.1.1 Nominal RF performances
6.1.1.1 Frequency bands
The hardware supports the GSM 850, Extended GSM 900, the GSM 1800 and the GSM 1900 bands:
Uplink Downlink
GSM 850 824 MHz to 849 MHz 869 MHz to 894 MHz
P-GSM 900 890 MHz to 915 MHz 935 MHz to 960 MHz
E-GSM 900 880 MHz to 915 MHz 925 MHz to 960 MHz

6.1.1.2 Speech Codecs
Full rate (FR), half rate (HR), enhanced full rate (EFR), Narrow Band Adaptive multi rate (AMR-NB)
and Full Rate Wide Band Adaptive multi rate (AMR-WB) are supported. The half-rate, enhanced full-
rate and adaptive multi-rate functioning requires that the BSS software release and the other
network elements also support these codecs. Please refer to the respective Functional Feature
Description (FFD) for more details.
6.1.1.3 Ciphering algorithms
The BTS range supports A5/1, A5/2 (which is not allowed anymore) and A5/3 ciphering algorithms;
A5/0 = no ciphering is always supported.
On top of above mentioned ciphering algorithms, BTS supports also randomization of Layer 2 fill
bits.
6.1.1.4 TRX modules
The MC-TRX and TWIN-TRX module are EDGE and VAMOS capable; they can be mixed with TRX of
previous generations, and used with Antenna Networks (MC-TRX starting from ANC generation) and
BTS cabinets of any generation; when used with cabinets of older generations, the maximum
number of TRX is at least the same as that initially possible (i.e. when using single TRX modules),
and in many cases even higher.
See also chapter 'Transceiver (TRX) level'.
For older generation of SUMX (Single-TRX) please refer to previous versions of this document.
6.1.1.5 RX sensitivity of TRX
The 9100 BTS has an excellent RX sensitivity of down to -117 dBm.
This value results from the combined effects of:
An outstanding single-branch RX sensitivity of 112 dBm (MC-TRX) or -111 dBm for all other
TRX generations for FR speech channels, without TMA; this value is guaranteed in all

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propagation environments and all frequency bands, independently from the number of
combiner levels; it is 7dB better than 3GPP specification requirements
2 RX Diversity, that is available in all configurations, and for which sophisticated algorithms
are implanted (see below for more details on 2 RX Diversity and 4 RX Diversity).
In GPRS/EDGE, the 9100 BTS achieves also superior performances, typically between 6 and 9dB
better than 3GPP requirements. It is important also to consider the reference interference levels
since GPRS/EDGE throughputs are very dependent on interference.
6.1.1.6 Multiband capabilities
Thanks to the high flexibility of the 9100 Base Station, GSM 850 and GSM 1800 TRX or GSM 850 and
GSM 1900 TRX or GSM 900 and GSM 1800 TRX or GSM 900 and GSM 1900 TRX can be located in the
same cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM).
6.1.1.7 Synthesizer frequency hopping
Synthesizer frequency hopping (or so-called radio frequency hopping) is supported by the whole BTS
range, its use being optional. Two frequency hopping modes are available:
- Standard RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRX can have N-1 TRX hopping (the TRX carrying
the BCCH is not hopping), on M frequencies (M usually > N)
- Pseudo baseband RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRX can have all its N TRX hopping on N
frequencies
6.1.1.8 Power control
The power control is according to GSM: Dynamic 30 dB - step size 2 dB.
6.1.1.9 Synchronization
The clocks can be
Generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator (up to 1 year
operation)
Synchronized to an external clock reference:
- A-bis link (PCM-synchronized),
- Another BTS (slave mode), previous BTS generation may be used;
- GPS receiver;
- NTP protocol: for IPoEth BTS, BTS is synchronized through NTP: a stratum 1 NTP
server (i.e. typically synchronised by GPS) delivers NTP messages to the BTS
- GSM BS is also hardware ready to further support synchronization through 1588 PTP
protocol.
6.1.1.10 Transmission
Up to four physical A-bis interfaces, allowing a flexible connection of base stations to the BSC in
star, chain or loop configuration, are realized according to ITU-T recommendations G.703/G.704. In
case high throughputs (> 2 Mbit/s) are necessary on the A-bis interface, more than one A-bis
interface can be configured as inputs for the BTS. Also a Gigabit Ethernet transmission option is
realized on the SUM hardware. It addresses highest traffic demands and allows IP over Ethernet on
the A-bis link in the corresponding software release supporting those functions.
In addition, Alcatel-Lucent supports signal attenuation on A-bis of up to 36 dB, which allows that
base stations can be connected with increased transmission distances without any repeater. In case
of BTS power shutdown, the A-bis link is not interrupted for the following BTS (by-pass mechanism).

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For A-bis termination impedance value, two standards exist: 75 or 120 ohm. Depending on the
country and /or the operator, the A-bis termination impedance can be one of these two values. The
9100 Base Station accepts the two values. It is configured on site, during commissioning, to the
value used by the operator.
6.1.1.11 Microwave integration
Microwave links are one of the possibilities to provide 2Mbit/s links required for connection to the
BSC or to other BTS.
Microwave equipment is typically made of two parts:
A "radio part" that includes the antenna and the associated transmitter/receiver; this part is
typically installed outdoor, where the antenna must be, and is thus also called the "Outdoor
Unit" (ODU).
A "baseband part" that takes in charge base band processing plus other common functions;
this second part is designed to be installed indoor, and is thus also called the "Indoor Unit"
(IDU)
9100 outdoor BTS provide space (details see chapters describing the cabinets) for integration of
several IDU, more than enough for the typical needs of a BTS site. When several IDU are integrated
in the BTS a Digital Distribution Frame (DDF) shall be used to branch 2Mbit signals between SUM and
individual MW links (e.g. chain configuration).
The exact number of IDU that can be used depends on the mechanical and electrical characteristics
of these IDU, and possibly on the use of other additional equipment (e.g. NTL for PCM line
termination) that would use the same resources inside the Mounting Frame for 19" equipment,
power supply connectors, power dissipation limit, power consumption limit, etc.
As far as microwaves are concerned, the required DDF is 3U high (at least the standard one
proposed for 120 Ohm transmissions); IDU are typically 1U high each; this allows assessing the
maximum number of IDU that can be used.
6.1.2 TX Diversity (Coverage mode)
TX Diversity feature is possible with TWIN-TRX module in coverage mode only. In this case, the
TWIN-TRX module handles one TRX. The two branches of the TWIN-TRX module send the same TRX
signal to two different antennas, thereby leading to an on-air combining gain of 3dB. In order to
ensure de-correlated propagation, both signals are sent with a short time delay in-between,
optimized to take maximum advantage of the MS equalizer. This leads to an additional diversity
gain of up to 3dB.
TX Diversity works with all types of Mobile stations since it is fully transparent to the receiver; this
feature takes advantage of the MS equalizer which can already handle multiple paths with different
times of arrival.
Consequently, the equivalent TX output power is very high, up to 6dB above the nominal TX output
power, which improves the coverage and reduces the number of sites needed to cover a given area,
provided the link budget remains balanced or downlink-limited The table below provides the typical
gains achieved thanks to TX Diversity and the equivalent TX output power that can be considered
for link budget calculations. Note that such gains are environment-dependent since they are highly
related to the level of de-correlation between paths.
Environment Total TX diversity gain Equivalent TX output power (GMSK)
Dense Urban (TU3) 5.9 dB 52.4dBm (175W)
Sub Urban (TU50) 4.6 dB 51.1dBm (129W)
Rural (RA100) 4 dB 50.5dBm (113W)
Table 16 : TX diversity gain

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In 8-PSK, the TX diversity gain is highly dependent on the coding scheme, the environment and the
level of Carrier to Interference+Noise Ratio. No significant gains are expected
6.1.3 RX Diversity
The TRX module supports enhanced diversity combining in all frequency bands, which is based on
several algorithms:
A beam-forming algorithm to improve the received signal by steering a beam in the
direction of the mobile. This is one way of doing smart antennas,
An algorithm to reduce interference: this mitigates the influence of interferers by steering
a null beam in the direction of the main interferer (the phase difference between the two
antennas for the strongest interfering signal is estimated and then this interfering signal is
strongly attenuated by summing the signals with an inversed phase).
Maximum efficiency of enhanced diversity combining is achieved when the useful/desired signal and
the interfering signals emanate from different directions. In interference-limited environments,
beam-forming algorithms will provide a much greater diversity gain compared to traditional
maximum ratio combining.
The above mentioned algorithms are working together in a way to combat spatial interferer signals
while keeping optimal sensitivity performance for undisturbed but week reception.
The table below provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 2RX enhanced Diversity and the
equivalent Rx sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations. Note that such gains
are environment-dependent since they are highly related to the level of de-correlation between
paths. The gains include all contributions:
Diversity gain coming from the fact that the signals received on both antennas are de-
correlated (this requires using Xpol antennas or largely spaced antennas)
Array-Gain or Beam forming gain: coming from the fact, that co-phased signals are added
(stronger combined signal power) for this direction
Null Steering / Interference Reduction (with a spatial interferer) coming from a algorithm
which reduces the interference (the figures below assume a standard interference margin is
considered for the link budget)
Environment Total 2RX diversity
gain
Equivalent RX sensitivity
(without TMA)
Dense Urban (TU3) 6 dB -117dBm
Sub Urban (TU50) 5 dB -116dBm
Rural (RA100) 3.5 dB -114.5dBm
Table 17 : 2RX diversity gain
2 RX diversity allows improving the uplink thereby enlarging coverage (less sites needed) for
balanced or uplink-limited link budgets. This feature is provided as a standard feature for all
configurations (i.e. using two vertical-polarized antennas per sector or one cross-polarized
antenna). A TMA may be needed in order to better balance the link budget, especially if High Power
or TX diversity is used.
2 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher
throughputs for given radio conditions.
6.1.4 4 RX Diversity
4 RX diversity is supported by the TWIN-TRX module in coverage mode only. It uses exactly the same
algorithms as for 2Rx diversity, i.e. beam-forming techniques are implemented. The table below

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provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 4RX enhanced Diversity and the equivalent Rx
sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations.
Environment Total 4RX diversity
gain
Equivalent RX sensitivity
(without TMA)
Dense Urban (TU3) 10 dB -121dBm
Sub Urban (TU50) 8.6 dB -119.6dBm
Rural (RA100) 6.4 dB -117.4dBm
Table 18 : 4RX diversity gain
4 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher
throughputs for given radio conditions.
The diagram below shows that 4RX Diversity requires two Antenna Network modules per sector,
thereby needing either 4 vertical-polarized or 2 cross-polarized antennas.

Antenna Network Antenna Network
TX1
RX1
TX2
RX3

RX2
0

RX4
TWIN
TRX

Figure 25: TWIN-TRX module in TX Div & 4 RX div
6.2 Operation and maintenance
6.2.1 General
6.2.1.1 Station unit sharing
A single Station Unit Module (SUM) supports any BTS configuration, whatever the number of TRX and
sectors.
6.2.1.2 Recovering - initiating
In case of interruptions on A-bis or of power supply, the BTS recovers automatically when the
failure has disappeared.
The service interruption is minimized at initiation or restart: The 9100 Base Station performs a fast
restart after a breakdown (BTS software files are stored in a non-volatile memory). Only the
minimum necessary files are required from the BSC.

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6.2.1.3 Automatic shutdown
For AC powered base stations, automatic progressive shutdown is performed in case of mains power
failure so as to save the battery capacity, thus increasing the backup time. In such a situation, a
timer is set and when it expires, TRX are switched off with the exception of the BCCH TRX. If the
BCCH TRX is configured without SDCCH and/or TCH, the TRX which carries the missing SDCCH
and/or TCH is also kept powered so that calls are still possible in the cell.
When the mains comes back during battery usage, for a given time (BTS timer), the TRX previously
switched off for automatic shutdown, are autonomously switched on and initialized, in order to be
used by the system.
The value of the timers can be modified via the BTS terminal equipment.
The automatic shutdown feature can be activated or de-activated by the operator from BTS
terminal.
6.2.1.4 Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation
The BTS is able to detect unbalanced losses/powers within a sector and automatically compensate
it. This enables the use of TRX of different power within the same sector, or the use of different
combining path for TRX belonging to the same sector. The balancing feature can be disabled by
operator, if the goal is to have unbalanced TRX (e.g. concentric cell functionality by using TRX of
different output power).
Auto-detection (release dependent)
Through internal periodic hardware polling, the BTS is able to detect any new plugged-in hardware
components (TRX, coupling elements) and informs the BSC (Auto HW detection).
This facility allows to simplify and speed up the BTS extension (typically add TRX), with no need for
the operator to describe explicitly neither the BTS configuration, nor its hardware capabilities.

6.2.1.5 Auto-identification
The following parameters are stored and are accessible from the BTS terminal equipment and in a
second step from the OMC-R:
Type and location for each managed module (i.e. replaceable units),
The sector to which each Antenna Network module belongs to,
The mapping TRX / Antenna Network, and the connectivity status,
The hardware capabilities,
All the installed BTS hardware and software modules.
6.2.1.6 Commissioning tests
In order to reduce the commissioning time, a set of dedicated auto tests has been developed. These
tests are used to check that the BTS will operate correctly according to the expected configuration.
Two kinds of test can be run:
Checking that the BTS has not suffered a fatal damage during transport and installation,
Checking the complete BTS configuration (hardware, software, and parameter
configuration).

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6.2.1.7 Software migration
Thanks to the 9100 Base Station capability to be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two
software-versions (with the possibility of activating one or the other on request from the BSC), the
software migration is performed with very minimum service interruption.
6.2.1.8 Firmware downloading
All firmware are downloadable, except boot firmware
6.2.2 Battery backup
For outdoor AC cabinets, following choices are offered depending on the backup time required
(with no impact on the maximum number of TRX available in the cabinet):
Up to two 90 Ah batteries can be integrated in the MBO1 Evolution or MBO2 Evolution
cabinets (the space occupied by one battery can be alternatively used by a 6U Mounting
Frame for 19" equipment; using two batteries thus excludes such Mounting Frames; in MBO2
cabinet, another 3U space remains available in the right part of the cabinet in any case)
Up to three 90 Ah batteries in an external dedicated outdoor cabinet (in which case no
internal battery can be used)
For more details on battery backup (e.g. battery backup times), please refer to chapter 'Power
Consumption, Backup Times and Power Dissipation.
6.2.3 External alarms
For all BTS, 16 inputs can be used for external alarms. MBO1E, MBO2E, CBO, CBIE and CBOE have
the following details:
MBO1E and MBO2E: 11 of the inputs are available for external equipment:
- 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with over voltage protection,
- 8 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet
- 5 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: HEX or DAC
fan, Door Switch, Key Switch, Smoke Detector, Water Detector (the last two being
optional)
CBO: 14 of the inputs are available for external equipment:
- 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with galvanic protection,
- 2 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: HEX or DAC
fan, Door Switch
CBOE or CBIE: 13 of the inputs are available for external equipment:
- 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with galvanic protection,
- 3 inputs are pre-cabled and dedicated for equipment inside the cabinet: DAC fan,
Door Switch, Rectifier
6.2.4 Temperature control
In order to ensure appropriate cooling within the cabinets, indoor and outdoor 9100 BTS are
equipped with cooling fans. The on/off and speed of the cooling fans are controlled autonomously
by the BTS, thanks to some sensors. If a cooling fan fails, the BTS autonomously increases the speed
of the other cooling fans, if necessary.

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Moreover, in order to prevent the internal BTS temperature of outdoor cabinets from rising outside
limits despite heat dissipation of modules, exchange of heat between inside and outside the BTS is
ensured by one of the two possible systems: Heat Exchangers (HEX) or Direct Air Cooling (DAC).
Note: The outdoor 9100 BTS can also be equipped with heating unit (option). But the function of the
heating unit is the opposite of the one of the heat exchangers (HEX) or direct air cooling (DAC). In
fact, the heating units are used in order to increase the BTS internal temperature when required
(which in fact occurs, if ever, during very limited periods of times: see below).
6.2.4.1 Heating units
For outdoor configurations, heating units may have to be added according to the climate where the
BTS is installed. They are used in order to maintain the internal BTS temperature above 0C. Note
that in general, in the climate where heating units are needed, the case where the internal BTS can
be below 0C is during BTS startup. When the BTS is operational, the internal temperature
increases due to heat dissipation of internal modules (e.g. TRX).
The following table gives the climate types definition and the number of heating units needed for
each climate type :
Heating Units CBOE CBO MBO1E MBO2E
Temperate and Cold climate 1 1 1 2
Tropical climate 1 0 0 0
Table 19 : Climate type and Heating Units
Tropical climate: Temperature range according to IEC 60721-2-1 (T> +5C)
Temperate climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1 (T> -33C)
Cold climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1E (T> -45C)
6.2.4.2 Heat exchangers (HEX)
Heat Exchangers are one of the two possibilities offered to evacuate outside the outdoor BTS the
heat generated by the modules due to power dissipation, and thus to prevent internal temperature
to increase to unacceptable levels; heat exchangers ensure proper heat exchanges between the
inside and the outside of the cabinet, while isolating the airflow within the cabinet from the
outside environment; since there is absolute isolation between external and internal air, they offer
a very good protection again dust and humidity; on the other hand, heat exchangers cannot
decrease the gap between internal and external temperature to less than 10C. Heat exchangers
include their own fans, not to be confused with the cooling fans mentioned above.
6.2.4.3 Direct Air Cooling (DAC)
Direct Air Cooling (DAC) equipment ensures heat exchanges between the inside and the outside.
DAC system does this by direct air exchange through an efficient filter system, thus reducing the
gap between internal and external temperature to virtually zero. Accordingly, the gain of maximum
supported ambient temperature by BTS is increased by +10 C with regards to the heat exchanger
system, which makes DAC the preferred solution when ambient temperatures above 45/50C are
requested (see chapter 'Environmental and EMC Aspects' for more information on maximum
temperatures).
Also, this decrease of internal temperature can only have positive influence on modules MTBF.

49 / 67

7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS
7.1 Environmental conditions
The environmental conditions define the limits (temperature, humidity, etc.) for BTS cabinets in
operation, storage, and transportation conditions as specified in the following classes:
Base Station Indoor Outdoor
Operation ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E
(see note 1)
ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E
(see note 4)
Transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2
(see note 2)
ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2
(see note 2)
Storage ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2
(see note 3)
ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2
(see note 3)
Table 20 : Environmental conditions specifications
Note 1: The ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E (temperature controlled locations) is a combination of classes 3K3 (but
with low air temperature of -5 C, high air temperature of +45 C, and high relative humidity of 90 %),
3Z2, 3Z4, 3B1, 3C2, 3S2 and 3M1 according to IEC721-3-3
Note 2: The ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (careful transportation) is a combination of classes 2K3, 2B2, 2C2, 2S2 and
2M1 according to IEC721-3-2
Note 3: The ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (weather protected, not temperature controlled) is a combination of
classes 1K4, 1Z2, 1Z3, 1Z5, 1B2, 1C2, 1S3 and 1M2 according to IEC721-3-1
Note 4: The ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E (non-weather protected locations, extended) is a combination of classes
4Z5, 4Z7, 4B1, 4C2, 4S2 and 4M3 according to IEC721-3-4

In the following tables, the conditions for the different environmental classes are listed.
7.1.1 Environmental conditions for operation and storage
7.1.1.1 Climatic conditions (operation, storage)
Climatic conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:
Environmental parameter Unit indoor
operation
ETS 300 019-
1-3 Class 3.1E
outdoor
operation
ETS 300 019-
1-4 Class 4.1E
storage

ETS 300 019-
1-1 Class 1.2
Low air temperature C -5 -45 (Note 4) -25
High air temperature C +45 (Note 1) +45 (Note 2) +55
Low relative humidity % 5 8 10
High relative humidity % 90 100 100
Low absolute humidity g/m 1 0.03 0.5
High absolute humidity g/m 25 30 29
Rain intensity
mm/mi
n
- 15 no
Rate of change of temperature C/min 0.5 0.5 0,5
Low air pressure kPa 70 70 70
High air pressure kPa 106 106 106
Solar radiation W/m
2
700 1120 1120
Heat radiation W/m
2
600 Negligible (Note 3)

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Movement of the surrounding
air
m/s 5 50 30
Conditions of condensation none no yes yes
Conditions of precipitation
(rain, snow, hail ...)
none no yes yes
Low rain temperature C - 5 no
Conditions of water from
sources other than rain
none no
Splashing
water
Dripping
water
Conditions of icing and
frosting
none no yes yes
Table 21 : Climatic conditions (operation, storage)
Note 1: Apart from this maximum temperature, the Base Station supports direct exposure to
solar radiation, with power up to 700 W/m2.
Note 2: Beyond this value specified by the standards, and with or without direct exposure to
this value specified by the standards the maximum temperature for cabinets is
extended to:
MBOxE
HEX
MBOxE
DAC
CBO
HEX
CBO
DAC
CBOE/
CBIE
TWIN-
TRX
long term maximum
power
45C 50C 45C 50C 50C
long term operational
power
55C 60C 50C 55C 55C
MC-
TRX
long term maximum
power
45C 45C 45C
**
45C 45C
long term operational
power
*
50C 50C 45C
**
50C 50C
Table 22 : Extended High Air Temperature (operation)
For cabinets without batteries (batteries itself are limited to 55C) and options
Values for specific configurations are available on request
Maximum power: 100% all channels
Operational power: according to ETSI Busy Hour Load Model
* MC in multi-carrier operation
** CBO HEX with max. 2 MC-TRX
Note 3: Conditions of heat radiation (e.g. in the vicinity of a room-heating system)
Note 4: Minimal cold start up temperature for CBO-E and MBOxE equipped with DAC is -33
C.
7.1.1.2 Mechanical conditions (operation, storage)
Mechanically active substances for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:
Environmental
parameter
Unit indoor
operation
ETS 300 019-1-3
Class 3.1E
outdoor
operation
ETS 300 019-1-4
Class 4.1E
storage
ETS 300 019-1-1
Class 1.2
Sand mg/m 30 300 300
Dust (suspension) mg/m 0.2 5 5
Dust (sedimentation) mg/(m
h)
1.5 20 20
Table 23 : Mechanically substances (operation, storage)


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Mechanical conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:
Environmental parameter Unit indoor
operation
ETS 300
019-1-3
Class 3.1E
outdoor
operation
ETS 300
019-1-4
Class 4.1E
storage
ETS 300
019-1-1
Class 1.2
Stationary vibration, sinusoidal
- Peak displacement amplitude

mm

0.3

1.5

1.5

- Peak acceleration amplitude m/s
2
1 5 5
- Frequency range Hz 2 to
9
9 to
200
2 to
9
9 to
200
2 to
9
9 to
200
Non-stationary vibration
including shock
- Shock-response spectrum
type L, peak acceleration

m/s

40

70

40
Static load KPa - - 5
Table 24 : Mechanically parameter (operation, storage)

Earthquake conditions for outdoor equipment:
Earthquake test conditions are in accordance with ETS 300 019-2-4 Amendment A1.
As the Outdoor Base Station can be mounted on top of buildings using a structure of high
rigidity, following test conditions apply:
Parameter Description Severity
Earthquake intensity Strong/very strong
Richter > 7
ag = 5 m/s
ZPA = 15 m/s
Frequency range - 1 35 Hz
Excitation - Single axis, 30 s
Table 25 : Earthquake test conditions
The Outdoor Base Station survives test without major damage to equipment. Interruption of
operation is allowed. Re-start of operation after test is possible. Minor damages, if any, can be
repaired in the field.

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7.1.2 Environmental conditions for transportation
7.1.2.1 Climatic conditions (transport)

Environmental parameter

Unit
transportation
ETS 300 019-1-2
class 2.2
Low air temperature C -25
High temperature, air in unventilated
enclosures
C +70
High temperature, air in ventilated
enclosures or outdoor air
C +40
Change of temperature air/air C -25/+30
Change of temperature air/water C +40/+5
Relative humidity, not combined with rapid
temperature changes
%
C
95
+45
Relative humidity, combined with rapid
temperature changes air/air at high relative
humidity
%
C
95
-25/+30
Absolute humidity, combined with rapid
temperature changes air/air at high water
content
g/m
3

C
60
+70/+15
Low air pressure kPa 70
Change of air pressure kPa/min no
Movement of the surrounding medium air m/s 20
Precipitation, rain mm/min 6
Solar radiation W/m
2
1120
Heat radiation W/m
2
600
Water from sources other than rain m/s 1
Wetness none Conditions of wet
surfaces
Table 26 : Climatic conditions (transport)

7.1.2.2 Mechanical conditions (transport)
Mechanically active substances for transportation:


Unit
transportation
ETS 300 019-1-2
class 2.2
Sand in air g/m 0.1
Dust (sedimentation) mg/(mh) 3
Table 27 : Mechanical substances (transport)


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Mechanical conditions for transportation:


Unit
transportation
ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2
Stationary vibration, sinusoidal
- Peak displacement amplitude mm 3.5
- Peak acceleration amplitude m/s
2
10 15
- Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 200 to 500
Stationary vibration random
- Acceleration spectral density
- Frequency range
m
2
/s
3

Hz
1
10 to 200
0.3
200 to 2000
Non-stationary vibration
- Shock response spectrum I:
Peak acceleration
- Shock response spectrum II:
Peak acceleration

m/s

m/s

100

no
Free fall
- Mass < 20 kg
- Mass 20 to 100 kg
- Mass > 100 kg

m
m
m

0.25
0.25
0.1
Toppling
- Mass < 20 kg
- Mass 20 to 100 kg
- Mass > 100 kg

none

Toppling around any of the edges
no
no
Rolling pitching
- Angle
- Period

degree
s

no
no
Steady state acceleration m/s
2
20
Static load kPa 5
Table 28 : Mechanical conditions (transport)
7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
All 9100 Base Stations fulfil the requirements of the European Directive 89/336/EEC according to
ETSI ETS 301 489 -1 and 8.
7.3 Acoustic noise
The 9100 base station complies with acoustic noise requirements for Business area (Indoor) and
Rural area (Outdoor).
7.4 Safety
The 9100 Base Station complies with following safety standards:
IEC 60215 (EN 60 215): Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment
IEC 60950-1 (EN 60950-1): Safety of information technology equipment
IEC 60950-22 (EN 60950-22): Safety of information technology equipment. Equipment
installed outdoors.

54 / 67

7.5 Product Environmental Attributes
Alcatel-Lucent is committed to develop and improve operations and technologies taking into
consideration the efficient use of energy and materials, giving preference to renewable resources,
minimizing waste and adverse environmental aspects.
Alcatel-Lucent develops and manufactures products and services that are safe for their intended
use, efficient in their use of energy, protective to the environment and that can be recycled or
disposed of safely, including their packaging.
7.5.1 Materials
The above described product does not contain:
Asbestos,
Cadmium (in plastic materials, packaging and inks),
Mercury,
Ozone depleting substances, according to those categories that are already banned in the
Montreal protocol
Chloroparaffins with chain length 10-13 C atoms, chlorination greater than 50% contained in
the mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
Lead contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
PCB or PCT,
Polybrominated biphenyls and their ethers (CAS 32534-81-9, 32536-52-0, 1163-19-5, 13654-
09-6) contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
in concentrations exceeding the natural background.
7.5.2 Disassembly
The system is designed for easy disassembly, by using screws and rivets for mechanical assembly of
racks and modules
7.5.3 Batteries
Alcatel-Lucent uses as backup batteries state-of-the-art valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries
with an extended service life-time. These VRLA AGM (absorptive glass mat) battery types are
classified as non-hazardous. This is because in the VRLA AGM cells, the dilute sulphuric acid is
absorbed in a special, highly porous micro-fibre glass separator. This, together with a high density
pillar seals and hermetic container-to-lid bonding, ensures that acid is unable to leak out.
The batteries are designed and manufactured according to recognized international standards as
IEC 60896-2
91/157/EEC (hazardous substances)
BS 6290 Part 4
ICAO/IATA Special Provision a 67
US DoT regulation 49 CFR section 173.159

The weight of the batteries backup units amounts to
BU 90Ah 130 kg (4 cells with a weight of 32,5 kg each)

55 / 67

Batteries, battery cases, battery acid, lead and lead compounds must not be burned; they must be
disposed of in accordance with the appropriate national/international legislation, and Local Waste
Disposal Authority Rules and regulations.
7.5.4 Product packaging
The packaging of the 9100 Base Stations complies with the Directive 94/62/CE concerning packaging
and packaging waste. Depending on the means of transportation the BTS are packed in a cardboard
or wooden box, which can easily be recycled after use. Environmental harmful materials are not
used for packaging. The packaging materials are marked according to ISO 11 469. If required by the
customer and agreed by both parties, Alcatel-Lucent can take care of the proper disposal of all
packaging materials.
7.5.5 Take back information
On request of the customer, Alcatel-Lucent can take care of the take back of the depreciated
equipment and of the ecological safe and appropriate disposal. For that purpose, Alcatel-Lucent co-
operates with qualified recycling companies.
7.5.6 Documentation
In order to reduce the paper consumption for Customer Documentation, Alcatel-Lucent delivers the
Generic Customer Documentation as a CD-ROM. This allows the operator to put the documentation
on a server accessible by all relevant people without any additional paper copies.
Additionally more specific documentation as e.g. information about products and solutions, services
and support, training events etc. will be provided by means of an Extranet accessible by all
customers. This will allow distribution of up-to-date information very quickly and without wasting
natural resources.

56 / 67

8 POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER
DISSIPATION
8.1 Introduction
Following operators field feedbacks on observed BTS Power consumption, Alcatel-Lucent proposes
to introduce a new definition: the TCO Power consumption.
This definition aims at reflecting average daily BTS Power consumption observed in live networks.
TCO Power consumption allows estimating the average energy bill, associated CO2 emission and
OPEX savings associated to BTS Power consumption reduction.
General:
The reasonable calculation of the site needs heavily depends on the assumed load at this site. This
could vary drastically from one location to the other.
According to operators and field feedbacks, Alcatel-Lucent proposes 25% average daily traffic load
on TCH TRX for TCO Power consumption calculation. It corresponds to a calculation between:
10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX,
And 14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX.
As an illustration, following figure presents measured average cell load over 24 hours in a Western
Europe network.
Average Cell Load over 24 hours
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
00h 02h 04h 06h 08h 10h 12h 14h 16h 18h 20h 22h
Time
L
o
a
d

Figure 26 : Western Europe Case - Average Cell Load over 24 hours
Power consumption is a general term but the purpose of asking for power consumption has to be
considered. Depending on this purpose the calculation of power consumption is different:
"DC power consumption for backup" is the power consumption to consider to determine
which batteries should be used to provide a given backup time, or what backup time can be
expected with given batteries; this is applicable for example to AC powered BTS when they
are running on their backup batteries; this power consumption
- Considers only the DC power consumption of the modules (thus, for the AC powered
BTS, it does not include the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion, that
takes place only when they are not in backup situation),

57 / 67

- Considers an average power consumption: the purpose of such a power consumption
figure is get a reasonable estimate of the power consumption on a long period of
time (typically for 24 hours), please refer to the figures above.
- No consideration of power consumption of modules such as Heating Units (they are
supposed to be used for a very short time at BTS start-up only; normally, they are
not in operation during a backup period) or Battery Charging for the AC powered
BTS including batteries (by definition, battery charging does not take place during a
backup period since the mains are not available)
Power consumption in normal circumstances: this figure allows estimating the average
energy bill; for DC BTS, it is the same as the one described above; for AC BTS, it takes into
account the additional power corresponding to AC to DC conversion:
- Applicable to DC and AC powered BTS (i.e. outdoor BTS and AC Indoor BTS)
- Considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC
BTS, the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion (this additional power
consumption being taken as 10% of the DC power consumption itself)
- Power consumption of Heating Units or Battery Charging is ignored
Maximum power consumption: this figure allows determining the characteristics of the
power distribution circuit (breaker ratings and wire cross sections):
- Applicable to DC and AC BTS (i.e. outdoor BTS and AC Indoor BTS)
- Considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC
BTS, the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion
- In each sector, all TRX are taken for their full power,
- In addition, one has to consider:
o The power consumption associated to battery charging when, after a
backup period, the batteries have to be charged to their full capacity
o The power consumption of heaters (operated when temperature inside of
cabinet drops below 10C)
This should be used only to estimate the peak power consumption; the two additional power
consumptions above take place during exceptional periods, and should not take place
simultaneously:
Battery charging is a permanent process; however, its associated power consumption is only
significant when the battery have been discharged, i.e. after a backup period during which
mains were not available
Heating Units, or heaters, are only used in very cold situations, at BTS start-up, to bring the
BTS at a minimum temperature; they are not used during normal use of a BTS

8.2 Power consumptions
8.2.1 Conditions used for calculations are the following:
Average daily temperature: 25C.
Activation of features:
Downlink Power Control (DL PC),
Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (DL DTX),
Dynamic Power Save (DPS, B11 Option) on case by case basis,
Multi-band cell for Multi-band configurations.


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Average daily traffic load: 25% on TCH TRX corresponding to average between:
10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX,
14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX.
8.2.2 Activation of features:
For TCO Power consumption calculation, Alcatel-Lucent integrates activation of some features
that influence BTS Power Consumption as highlighted hereafter.
8.2.2.1 Downlink Power Control (15 26 30 B2)
The gain brought by Downlink Power Control varies depending on the environment.
It has to be noted that the power consumption of a non BCCH TRX is reduced by around 20W when
the Output power is reduced from its maximum value by only one step of Power Control (2dB). This
is the assumption applied for TCO Power Consumption calculation.

Figure 27 : Influence of DL PC on TRX Power consumption
8.2.2.2 Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (15 24 60 B2)
During voice inactivity periods, with Downlink DTX, nothing has to be transmitted over the air.
For TCO Power Consumption calculation, Alcatel-Lucent assumes 50% inactivity and integrates
associated gain on non BCCH TRX power consumption.

8.2.2.3 Dynamic Power Save (15 02 92 - B11 Option)
The traffic distribution within a radio cell has a very dynamic behaviour: there is a general decrease
of traffic during night hours, but also during day hours, there are significant variations of traffic
demand.

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Dynamic Power Save feature takes into account all traffic situations, and optimizes power
consumption at any time.
The principle of the feature is to switch-off the PA bias (*) of a given TRX when there is nothing to
transmit over the air. There is no need that the complete TRX is in the idle mode state, as the
feature is activated as soon as Time Slot is not transmitting. The Alcatel-Lucent solution allows an
immediate reaction, independent from the BTS configuration, and provides a gain during 24 hours
of the day.
(*) PA bias: direct current to put the transistor into an operating point.

Thanks to this feature, the power consumption per TRX is reduced by around 25W when there is no
traffic to be transmitted.
It is worth to be noted that the feature does not bring any negative impact on the quality of the
network: thanks to the very fast reaction of the system, even in case of sudden variation of the
traffic, no call will be blocked.
Impact of Dynamic Power Save is integrated in TCO Power Consumption calculation in case
operator decides to go for this option.
8.2.2.4 Multi-band cell (15 52 50 - B6.2 Option)
For Multi-band configurations, Multi-band cell option is considered in TCO Power consumption
calculation. As it limits number of BCCH TRX, BTS Power Consumption is reduced.

8.2.2.5 Others
Alcatel-Lucent also recommends usage of following telecom settings and features for further BTS
Power Consumption optimization:
Allocate traffic preferably on BCCH TRX,
Usage of Half Rate to optimize Erlang/Watt ratio.
8.2.3 Average daily traffic load
According to operators and field feedbacks, Alcatel-Lucent proposes 25% average daily traffic load
on TCH TRX for TCO Power consumption calculation.
Depending on the features and selected conditions and assumptions of traffic the calculation of
power consumption can be done. Alcatel-Lucent Tendering is able to provide the calculation for the
given configurations.
Hereafter an example is shown to provide an order of magnitude about the Alcatel-Lucent BTS
power consumption for typical configurations. It shows also the influence of the SW feature
Dynamic Power Save:
Average daily traffic load: 25% on TCH TRX corresponding to average between:
- 10 hours at 60% traffic load on TCH TRX,
- 14 hours at 0% traffic load on TCH TRX.
Leading to following figures:

60 / 67

Without DPS With DPS
MBI3-S222-TWIN900-DC 642 W 586 W
MBI3-S444-TWIN900-DC 957 W 788 W
MBO1E-DAC-S222-TWIN900-DC 667 W 611 W
MBO1E-DAC-S444-TWIN900-DC 982 W 813 W
TCO Power Consumption
Configuration

Table 29 : Example configurations with and without DPS
25C Max T
CBO-E/CBI-E cabinet (DAC) 40W 70W
CBO HEX cabinet 50W 90W
CBO DAC cabinet 40W 90W
MBO1 Evolution HEX cabinet 100W 170W
MBO1 Evolution DAC cabinet 75W 170W
MBO2 Evolution HEX cabinet 170W 310W
MBO2 Evolution DAC cabinet 120W 310W
MBI3 / MBI53 cabinet 50W 50W
MBI5 cabinet 70W 70W
AN 10W 10W
Table 30 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM)
8.2.4 Example of Power consumptions for Configuration
with MC-TRX

BTS configuration with MC-TRX900
(Note 1)
20% load 50% load 80% load 100% load
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@maxToC-DC 1127 1127 1127 1127
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@30ToC-DC 779 779 779 779
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@30ToC-DC 779 803 848 872
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@16ToC-DC 632 662 695 713
Table 31 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900,
with DL PC and DL DTX


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BTS configuration with MC-TRX900
(Note 1)
20% load 50% load 80% load 100% load
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x1@30ToC-DC 779 779 779 779
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x2@30ToC-DC 779 820 1025 1107
MBI3-MC-TRX900-3x3@16ToC-DC 632 683 773 821
Table 32 : Cabinet power consumption (including SUM) with MC-TRX900,
with DL PC and without DL DTX
Note 1 maxToC corresponds to the value indicated in 3.1.1, choose either values with
or without Power Overbooking (DPA) activated.

8.3 Backup times
AC BTS may include batteries that are providing a backup time in case of mains failure. BU90
batteries, available Outdoor BTS, are designed to provide a backup time of several hours -
depending on configuration. The purpose of present chapter is precisely to show how backup times
can be estimated from the BTS power consumption and the number of batteries.
The backup time available for a given BTS configuration, can be read on the following curves:
The x axis is the DC power consumption for backup, to be estimated as commented above
(adding the power consumption of options that would be powered through the BTS)
The y axis shows the backup time (in minutes on left axis, in hours on right axis); this
number has to be read on the curve corresponding to the number of batteries.

62 / 67

0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000
DC Power Consumption for backup (W)
B
a
c
k
u
p

t
i
m
e

(
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
B
a
c
k
u
p

t
i
m
e

(
h
o
u
r
s
)
with 1 BU90 battery
with 2 BU90 batteries
with 3 BU90 batteries

Figure 28 : Backup time with BU90 batteries
BU90 batteries typically support around 400 change/discharge cycles at 20operating temperature.
To assess the impact of "Auto Shutdown" feature with a given timer, one should:
Check the backup times with and without this feature enabled, i.e.:
- With the feature enabled and the timer set to zero (all the TRX, except the BCCH,
are switched off as soon as mains disappear),
- with the feature disabled (all the TRX are kept operating normally, even when a
mains failure is detected)
Decide a reasonable value for the timer and make an interpolation
As an example, backup times for the MBO1 evolution and DPS enabled, taken from the example in
Table 4 3x4 TWIN900 using 1 BU90 taken as example above would be:
With "Auto Shutdown" not enabled:
300 min (as read on the curve above for 813W)
with "Auto Shutdown" fully enabled (timer set to zero):
460 min (for VALUE FOR BCCH only 573W)
with "Auto Shutdown" enabled, and timer set to 300/2 = 150 min:
380 min (Interpolated as (300+460)/2)
The last case in table above corresponds to a situation where, after mains failure, the BTS
operation is not affected for the first 150 min (= 300min/2) of backup; after that time, and if mains
are not back again, the TRX others than BCCH are shut off in each sector to save power; the BTS
will still be running, with reduced traffic capacity, for 230 min (380150).
8.4 Power dissipation
Power dissipation has to be considered e.g. for the dimensioning of cooling systems.

63 / 67

Out of the power consumed by a BTS, part is transmitted as RF power at antenna connector, part
may be stored in batteries for future use (AC BTS) and the remaining part is dissipated as heat.
To compute the total dissipated power, one has then to sum up the contribution generated by each
module; for this, one must distinguish the TRX from the other modules.
8.4.1 Power dissipation of modules other than TRX
In such modules, all the power consumed in the module is dissipated, and is dissipated in the
module itself; hence the formula:
Power dissipation of the module = Power consumption of the module
8.4.2 Power dissipation of TRX modules
Compared to other modules, the TRX are dissipating locally (within them) only part of the power
they consume; the other part is the TRX output RF power, transmitted toward the antenna
connector.
But then, part of this TRX output RF power is dissipated by the modules and cables between the
TRX output and the antenna connector, due to their losses.
Thus the dissipated power generated within the BTS due to a given TRX is the share of the power
consumption that is not available as RF power at antenna connector; it is given by the following
formula:
TRX power dissipation = TRX power consumption - TX output power at BTS antenna connector
Of course, the figure depends both of the power consumption of the TRX and of the arrangement of
combining modules between the TRX and the antenna connector.
It has to be noted that there is no power dissipation associated neither to Heating Units nor to
Battery Charging:
Power Dissipation is used to determine if a cooling system should be installed, and of what
kind; accordingly, it is mostly relevant for indoor BTS, and what is meaningful is the power
dissipation in a situation where the BTS environment may reach a high temperature.
If Power Dissipation has nevertheless to be assessed for outdoor BTS:
Power dissipated by Heating Units can be ignored, since they are precisely used in
circumstances where the temperature is low and where the problem is not dissipated
power.
In the battery charging process, most of the energy is used to charge the batteries, and is
thus not dissipated in the environment; if there is residual dissipated power, it is at a low
level, not worth considering in the computations.

Since the load or traffic is fluctuating over time and the heat dissipation capabilities needs to be
considered for all traffic conditions one shall take a certain margin and e.g. not take into account
the DPS feature (consumption would vary highly depending on the traffic).
Example: Power dissipation of MBI3 444 TWIN-TRX 900 (without DPS):
Power dissipation: Unit Qty Total[W]
MBI3 DC 444 TWIN TRX 900 765
MBI3 consumption 444 957 1 957
900RF radiation ToC with ANC combining per carrier 16 12 192
Table 33 : Power dissipation example

64 / 67

9 RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY
Ideally, an equipment should be available for its main function (carrying traffic as far as BTS is
concerned) 100% of the time. From a practical point of view, some failures may lead to an
interruption of this main function; the anticipated degree of availability of equipment can then be
estimated by figures such as:
Equipment unavailability, expressed as the share of time during which the equipment is not
functional,
Mean down time for a reference period, i.e. the average time during which the equipment
will not be available out of a reference period.
The process to carry out such evaluations is the following:
A value has to be taken as hypothesis for the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), i.e. the time
during which the equipment will remain unavailable, following a failure, until it is repaired;
this includes the time for appropriately skilled personnel to go to the site of the equipment;
the commonly used value is MTTR = 4 hours.
The modules that have to remain functional in order for the full equipment to remain
functional, have to be identified; for a BTS, these modules are:
- Antenna Network (ANC, AND)
- Station Unit Module (SUMX)
It must be noted that since a given user is typically under coverage of a given sector,
only one Antenna Network (ANC, AND) is considered, even in a sectorized BTS, for
availability assessment.
The other modules are ignored, since they have virtually no failures (e.g. the BTS cabinets)
or their failure has no immediate impact on the function of the BTS; e.g.:
- Fans are redundant,
- In most circumstances, TRX are "redundant": loosing a TRX has no significant impact
on the function of the BTS, since other TRX are still available
The Failure Rates (FIT) of these modules must be estimated
The total Failure Rate of the equipment is then computed as the sum of the FIT of its
modules; the other following quantities may then be computed as follows:
Total FIT = FIT of SUM + FIT of ANC
Total MTBF = 1/Total FIT
System unavailability = MTTR / (MTBF + MTTR) MTTR / MTBF, because MTTR << MTBF
System availability = 1 system unavailability
Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) = system unavailability x 365 X 24 (if expressed
in h/year)

The following table gives the unavailability and downtime for the BTS, according to the principles
above; the values are those of the GSM 900 BTS, but are very similar for other frequency bands:
FIT of SUM 3 032 x 10E-9
FIT of ANC 3 000 x 10E-9
Total FIT 6 032 x 10E-9
Total MTBF (h) 165 768
System unavailability 2.413 x 10E-5
System Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) (h/year) 0.2
Table 34 : System unavailability and downtime

65 / 67

10 APPENDICES
10.1 Appendix A: Related Reading
10.1.1 Applicable Documents
[A1] 3GPP TS25.104, v 7: Base Station radio transmission and reception (FDD)
[A2] 3GPP TS25.141, v 7: Base Station conformance testing (FDD)
[A3] 3GPP TS25.113: Base Station and repeater Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
[A4] EN 301 489-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 23: Specific conditions for IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA) Base Station
(BS) radio, repeater and ancillary equipment
Base Stations(BS) and User Equipment (UE) for IMT2000 Third-Generation cellular
networks; Part 1: Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, introduction and common
requirements, covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
Base Stations(BS) and User Equipment (UE) for IMT-2000 Third-Generation cellular
networks; Part 3: Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA FDD) (BS)
covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
[A8] ETS 300 019-1-1 Classification of Environmental Conditions Storage, Class 1.2
[A9] ETS 300 019-1-2 Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-1: Classification of
environmental conditions; Transportation Class 2.3
[A10] ETS 300 019-2-1 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for
telecommunications equipment Part 2-1: Specification of environmental tests:
Storage; Class 1.2
[A11] GR-63-CORE Telcordia NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection. R4.4.4 & R5.4.1 -
Zone 4
[A12] IEC 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment
[A13] EN 60950-1 Safety of information technology equipment
[A14] CPRI Specification V2.1: Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI): Interface
Specification
[A15] ETS 300132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications
equipment, operated by direct current (dc)

66 / 67

[A16] European Directive 2002/95/EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 27 January 2003 on the Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous
Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)
Council of 27 January 2003 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Council of 9 March 1999: R&TTE
[A19] EN 50385 Product standard to demonstrate the compliances of radio base stations
and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic
restrictions or the reference levels related to human exposure to radio frequency
electromagnetic fields (110 MHz 40 GHz)
10.1.2 Reference Documents
[R1] UMT/BTS/INF/032328: 9100 Base Station Multi-Standard aspects for GSM and UMTS
Product Description
[R2] GSM/BTS/INF/038304: Alcatel Lucent SUMX nineteen inch Product Description
[R3] MC-TRX / MC-RRH in Converged RAN
[R4] UMT/BTS/INF/025255: Alcatel-Lucent 9100 Base Station Multi-Standard with d2U
and TRDU60W 2100MHz


67 / 67

10.2 Appendix B: Acronyms

3GPP Third Generation Partnership
Project
AC Alternating Current (Power source)
AN Antenna Network
ANC Antenna Network with Combiner
AND Antenna Network Duplexer
ANY Antenna Network type Y
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CBIE Compact BTS Indoor Evolution
CBO Compact BTS Outdoor
CBOE Compact BTS Outdoor Evolution
DC Direct Current (Power source)
DL Downlink
DPA Dynamic Power Allocation
DPVA Dynamic Power Voltage
Adjustment
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Evolution
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
HW Hardware
GSM Global System for Mobile
Communications
IEC International Electrotechnical
Commission
IP Ingress Protection or
Internet Protocol
LTE Long Term Evolution
MBI Multi-Standard BTS Indoor
MBO Multi-Standard BTS Outdoor
MBOE Multi-Standard BTS Outdoor
Evolution
MC-TRX Multi Carrier Transceiver
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PA Power Amplifier
RF Radio Frequency
RoHS Restriction of the use of certain
Hazardous Substances
RX Receiver/Receive
SUM Station Unit Module
SUMX Station Unit Module type X
SW Software
TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier
TOC Top of cabinet
TRX Transceiver
TWIN-
TRX
TWIN Transceiver
TX Transmitter/Transmit
UL Uplink
UMTS Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System
VAMOS Voice services over Adaptive Multi-
user channels on One Slot
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access

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