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    End Block Design Aid

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Khan
    This document provides guidance for designing the anchorage zones of post-tensioned concrete box girder bridges. It defines the local and general zones of the anchorage and outlines design requirements for reinforcement in the girder stems and thickness of end diaphragms based on empirical equations. A worked example is also provided to demonstrate application of the design equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    End Block Design Aid

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Khan
    548 views6 pages
    This document provides guidance for designing the anchorage zones of post-tensioned concrete box girder bridges. It defines the local and general zones of the anchorage and outlines design requirements for reinforcement in the girder stems and thickness of end diaphragms based on empirical equations. A worked example is also provided to demonstrate application of the design equations.

    Original Description:

    For aiding in end block design

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    This document provides guidance for designing the anchorage zones of post-tensioned concrete box girder bridges. It defines the local and general zones of the anchorage and outlines design requirements for reinforcement in the girder stems and thickness of end diaphragms based on empirical equations. A worked example is also provided to demonstrate application of the design equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    548 views6 pages

    End Block Design Aid

    Uploaded by

    Ahsan Khan
    This document provides guidance for designing the anchorage zones of post-tensioned concrete box girder bridges. It defines the local and general zones of the anchorage and outlines design requirements for reinforcement in the girder stems and thickness of end diaphragms based on empirical equations. A worked example is also provided to demonstrate application of the design equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6
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    The memo outlines design recommendations for the anchorage zone of post-tensioned concrete box girders based on 3D finite element modeling results. It provides equations for minimum diaphragm thickness, vertical reinforcement in the girder webs, and girder web thickness to resist longitudinal compression in the general zone.

    The anchorage zone is divided into a local zone near the anchorage and a general zone in front of the blockout. The local zone design depends on the anchorage system while the general zone experiences vertical tensile and longitudinal compressive stresses. A thicker diaphragm helps reduce tensile stresses in the girder webs.

    Equations (1), (2), and (3) provide the minimum diaphragm thickness, vertical reinforcement in the first and last halves of the girder webs respectively within the general zone based on the girder depth and post-tensioning force per girder.

    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012

    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 1


    LRFD
    11-25 ANCHORAGE ZONE DESIGN
    General
    The anchorage zone of a post-tensioned concrete box girder member is that area in front of
    the prestress blockout where stress concentrations occur. The design engineer is responsible
    for the design of both the local zone and the general zone. AASHTO LRFD 5.10.9 covers
    the requirements for these regions. In Figure 1, the limits of the anchorage zone are defned
    for the purposes of this memo. The equations presented herein are the result of empirically
    enveloping three dimensional model results and can be applied to bridges with P
    jack
    per
    girder up to 6000 kips.
    Figure 1 - Anchorage Zone limits
    Background
    General zone design can be accomplished with 3D fnite element modeling. Such models
    show that most of the post-tensioning stresses within this region that are of concern to
    designers are the vertical tensile stresses and the longitudinal compressive stresses in the
    girder webs. Tensile stresses in the top and bottom slabs are relatively small and can be
    resisted with typical section transverse reinforcement. Because it is impractical to develop
    3D models for every bridge, this memo provides a conservative approach to the design of
    the general zone.
    Local zone
    General zone
    h
    h
    T
    d
    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012
    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 2
    LRFD
    Local Zone Design
    The size of the local zone and the reinforcement design depend on the anchorage system
    used by the post-tensioning Contractor. The Contractor submits the prestress shop drawings
    with local zone details to the Design Engineer for review. It is the responsibity of the Design
    Engineer to ensure that the local zone details submitted are in agreement with the details
    of the preapproved system.
    General Zone Design
    End Diaphragm Thickness
    3D models show that the vertical tensile stresses in the girder webs are reduced with a thicker
    diaphragm. Therefore, the minimum recommended diaphragm thickness is as follows:
    T
    d
    > 0.3 x h (1)
    In Equation (1) T
    d
    and h are in feet.
    For shallow structures, the absolute minimum diaphragm thickness is 2-6 at abutments
    and 2-0 at hinges. Refer to MTD 11-28 for additional diaphragm thickness requirements.
    The thickest of these diaphragm requirements shall be used.
    Girder Stem Reinforcement
    Minimum vertical reinforcement in the girder webs shall be designed as follows:
    A
    s1
    =
    2
    1.33 *
    1200
    300*
    P
    P h
    h
    | |

    |
    \ .
    Place within the frst
    h
    /
    2
    (2)
    A
    s2
    =
    2
    0.67
    1200
    300*
    P
    P h
    h
    | |

    |
    \ .
    Place within the last
    h
    /
    2
    (3)
    Where:
    A
    s1
    , A
    s2
    = Minimum vertical reinforcement to be extended a distance h in front of the
    diaphragm. Concentrate
    2
    /
    3
    of this reinforcement in the frst h/2 (A
    s1
    ) and
    1
    /
    3

    in the latter half (A
    s2
    ). (in.
    2
    per ft)
    h = Cross section depth (ft)
    P = P
    jack
    per girder (kips) (consider the allowable fnal force variation between
    girders)
    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012
    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 3
    LRFD
    The designer should frst establish the stirrup schedule for the girders considering all
    other loads. The stirrup schedule should then be checked using the equations above. The
    requirement for stirrups in the webs within the general zone due to prestressing forces should
    not be considered additive to other loads.
    Girder Stem Thickness
    The webs shall be designed to resist the longitudinal compressive forces. The girder thickness
    at the face of diaphragm, t
    w
    , shall be designed so that:
    (t
    w
    )
    REQUIRED
    >
    ( )
    *1000
    1 *18 3 12 *0.7
    1200
    d ci
    P
    P
    T f
    ( | |
    +
    |
    (
    \ .
    Where:
    t
    w
    = web thickness (in)
    T
    d
    = End diaphragm thickness (in)

    = resistance factor for compression = 0.7


    f
    ci
    = specifed concrete strength of the webs at the time of stressing (psi)
    Top and Bottom Slab Design
    3D fnite element analysis results indicate that the tensile and comprehensive stresses in the
    top and bottom slabs are relatively small and therefore resisted by typical section transverse
    reinforcement. Standard slab thickness and reinforcement design as indicated by MTD 10-
    20 will satisfy General Zone requirements.
    Example
    Given:
    Single span bridge (160 ft) with sloped exterior girders
    h = 7-3
    P
    jack
    per girder = 2710 kips
    Stirrup design in general zone due to other loads: #5 @ 9
    T
    d
    = 39
    f
    ci
    = 3500 psi
    t
    w
    = 12
    skew = 0 degrees
    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012
    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 4
    LRFD
    1) Minimum diaphragm thickness:
    a) MTD 11-28 requires 3-3 for sloped exterior girder, no skew, P
    j
    > 2400 kips/girder
    b) 0.3*h = 0.3*7.25 = 2.175 ft
    MTD 11-28 controls, use T
    d
    = 39
    2) Vertical stirrup design for general zone bursting stresses, in.
    2
    /ft
    a) #5 @ 9 as designed = 0.31*2*12/9 = 0.83 in.
    2
    /ft
    b) From Eq. (2) in the frst
    h
    /
    2
    :
    A
    s
    =
    2
    2710
    1.33 2710* 7.25
    1200
    300*7.25
    | |

    |
    \ .
    = 1.14 in.
    2
    /ft
    c) From Eq. (3) in the last
    h
    /
    2
    :
    A
    s
    =
    2
    2710
    0.67 2710 7.25
    1200
    300 7.25
    | |

    |
    \ .

    = 0.57 in.
    2
    /ft
    d) Modify the stirrup schedule as follows:
    Stirrups within the frst h/2:
    Use #5 @ 6, A
    s
    = 1.24 in.
    2
    /ft > 1.14 in.
    2
    /ft
    Stirrups within the second h/2:

    Use #5 @ 9, A
    s
    = 0.83 in.
    2
    /ft > 0.57 in.
    2
    /ft, as originally designed
    3) Check web thickness for compression
    (t
    w
    )
    REQUIRED
    =
    ( )
    2710*1000
    2710
    1 *18 3 39 12 *0.7*0.7*3500
    1200
    ( | |
    +
    |
    (
    \ .
    = 15.25

    (t
    w
    )
    PROVIDED
    = 12 < 15.25
    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012
    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 5
    LRFD
    Increase the web thickness for interior girders to 16 at the anchorages and fare to 12 over
    16 feet. Exterior girders are typically fared to 18 near the anchorages to make room for the
    prestressing trumpets and spiral reinforcement. Therefore, the exterior girders are adequate
    as designed for compression.
    4) Example details:
    39 43.5
    #5@6
    43.5
    #5@9
    Longitudinal Section
    16-0
    16
    18
    18
    12
    Girder Layout
    MeMo to Designers 11-25 october 2012
    11-25 Anchorage Zone Design 6
    LRFD
    References
    Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Anchorage Zones, Task Order No. 2,
    Contract No. 59A0603, Project No. CALT00590202, David Evans and Associates (2011)
    Barton J. Newton
    State Bridge Engineer
    Deputy Division Chief, Structure Policy & Innovation
    Division of Engineering Services
    Original signed by Barton J. Newton

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