Tablas Aisc Guillermo

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
4 - 187

Nomenclature
E
= modulus of elasticity of steel at 29,000 ksi
I
= moment of inertia of beam (in.4)
L
= total length of beam between reaction points (ft)
Mmax = maximum moment (kip-in.)
M1 = maximum moment in left section of beam (kip-in.)
M2 = maximum moment in right section of beam (kip-in.)
M3 = maximum positive moment in beam with combined end moment conditions
(kip-in.)
Mx = moment at distance x from end of beam (kip-in.)
P
= concentrated load (kips)
P1 = concentrated load nearest left reaction (kips)
P2 = concentrated load nearest right reaction, and of different magnitude than P1
(kips)
R
= end beam reaction for any condition of symmetrical loading (kips)
R1 = left end beam reaction (kips)
R2 = right end or intermediate beam reaction (kips)
R3 = right end beam reaction (kips)
V
= maximum vertical shear for any condition of symmetrical loading (kips)
V1 = maximum vertical shear in left section of beam (kips)
V2 = vertical shear at right reaction point, or to left of intermediate reaction point
of beam (kips)
V3 = vertical shear at right reaction point, or to right of intermediate reaction point
of beam (kips)
Vx = vertical shear at distance x from end of beam (kips)
W = total load on beam (kips)
a
= measured distance along beam (in.)
b
= measured distance along beam which may be greater or less than a (in.)
l
= total length of beam between reaction points (in.)
w = uniformly distributed load per unit of length (kips per in.)
w1 = uniformly distributed load per unit of length nearest left reaction (kips per in.)
w2 = uniformly distributed load per unit of length nearest right reaction, and of
different magnitude than w1 (kips per in.)
x
= any distance measured along beam from left reaction (in.)
x1 = any distance measured along overhang section of beam from nearest reaction
point (in.)
max = maximum deflection (in.)
a
= deflection at point of load (in.)
= deflection at any point x distance from left reaction (in.)
x1 = deflection of overhang section of beam at any distance from nearest reaction

point (in.)
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 188
BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

Frequently Used Formulas
The formulas given below are frequently required in structural designing. They are
included herein for the convenience of those engineers who have infrequent use for such
formulas and hence may find reference necessary. Variation from the standard nomenclature on page 4-187 is noted.
BEAMS
Flexural stress at extreme fiber:
f = Mc / I = M / S
Flexural stress at any fiber:
f = My / I
y = distance from neutral axis to fiber
Average vertical shear (for maximum see below):
v = V / A = V / dt (for beams and girders)
Horizontal shearing stress at any section A-A:
v = VQ / Ib
Q = statical moment about the neutral axis of that portion
of the cross section lying outside of section A-A
b = width at section A-A
(Intensity of vertical shear is equal to that of horizontal shear acting normal to it at the
same point and both are usually a maximum at mid-height of beam.)
Shear and deflection at any point:
x and y are abscissa and ordinate respectively of a point on the neutral
d 2y
EI 2 = M
axis, referred to axes of rectangular coordinates through a selected
dx
point of support.
(First integration gives slopes; second integration gives deflections. Constants of integration must be determined.)
CONTINUOUS BEAMS (the theorem of three moments)
Uniform load:
w1l31 w2l32
l1 l2
l1
l2
Ma + 2Mb + + Mc = 14
+
I1
I2
I2
I1
I1 I2
Concentrated loads:
l1 l2
l1
l2
P1a1b1
a1 p2a2b2
b2
Ma + 2Mb + + Mc =
1 +
1 +
I1
I2
I1
l1
I2
I2
I1 I2
Considering any two consecutive spans in any continuous structure:
Ma, Mb, Mc = moments at left, center, and right supports respectively, of any pair of
adjacent spans
= length of left and right spans, respectively, of the pair
l1 and l2
= moment of inertia of left and right spans, respectively
I1 and I2
w1 and w2 = load per unit of length on left and right spans, respectively
= concentrated loads on left and right spans, respectively
P1 and P2
a1 and a2
= distance of concentrated loads from left support, in left and right spans,
respectively
= distance of concentrated loads from right support, in left and right spans,
b1 and b2
respectively
The above equations are for beam with moment of inertia constant in each span but
differing in different spans, continuous over three or more supports. By writing such an
equation for each successive pair of spans and introducing the known values (usually
zero) of end moments, all other moments can be found.
4 - 189

Table of Concentrated Load Equivalents
Loading
2
P
3
P
4
P
5
P
Beam Fixed One

End, Supported
at Other
Beam Fixed
Both Ends
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0.125
0.500
0.013
1.000
1.000
0.070
0.125
0.375
0.625
0.005
1.000
0.415
0.042
0.083
0.500
0.003
0.667
0.300
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0.250
0.500
0.021
2.000
0.800
0.156
0.188
0.313
0.688
0.009
1.500
0.477
0.125
0.125
0.500
0.005
1.000
0.400
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0.333
1.000
0.036
2.667
1.022
0.222
0.333
0.667
1.333
0.015
2.667
0.438
0.111
0.222
1.000
0.008
1.778
0.333
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0.500
1.500
0.050
4.000
0.950
0.266
0.469
1.031
1.969
0.021
3.750
0.428
0.188
0.313
1.500
0.010
2.500
0.320
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0.600
2.000
0.063
4.800
1.008
0.360
0.600
1.400
2.600
0.027
4.800
0.424
0.200
0.400
2.000
0.013
3.200
0.312
Coeff.
Simple
Beam
Maximum positive moment (kip-ft): aPL

Maximum negative moment (kip-ft): bPL
Pinned end reaction (kips): cP
Fixed end reaction (kips): dP
Maximum deflection (in): ePl3 / EI
Equivalent simple span uniform load (kips): f P

Deflection coefficient for equivalent simple span uniform load: g
Number of equal load spaces: n
Span of beam (ft): L
Span of beam (in): l
4 - 190

For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
1. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . = wl
l
wl
l
2
l
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Vx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w x
M max
Shear
Mx
l
2
Moment
wl 2
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
8
wx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(l x)
2
max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mmax
wl
2
R=V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5wl 4
384 EI
wx
=
(l2 2lx 2 + x3 )
24EI
2. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
l
x
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R2
R1
V1
Shear
V2
max
Vx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M max (at x =
Mx
M max
l
= .5774 l) . . . . . . .
3
158
W Wx 2
2
3
l
2Wl
=
= .1283 Wl
9
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
max (at x = l 1
Moment
W
3
2W
=
3
R 2 = V2
.5774 l
= .5193 l) . .
16W
= 1.0264W
9
3
Wx
3l2
(l2 x2 )
= 0.1304
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl 3
EI
Wx
180 EIl2
(3x4 10l2 x2 + 7l4 )
3. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER

4W
3
W
=
2
W
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =

l
x
R=V
R
l
2
Vx
l
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l
2
(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . =
M max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear
Mx
M max
(l2 4x2)
l
2
(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . = Wx
max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moment
2l2
Wl
=
6
l
2
(when x < ) . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl 3
60EI
Wx
480 EIl2
2x 2
3l2
(5l2 4x2 )2
4 - 191

4. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
l
b
wb
R2
V1
wb
(2c + b)
2l
wb
(2a + b)
R 2 = V2 (max. when a > c) . . . . . . . =
2l
R 1 = V1 (max. when a < c) . . . . . . . =
Vx
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1 w(x a)
M max
Mx
R1
R1
at x = a + w . . . . . . . . = R 1 a + 2w
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x
Mx
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1x
Mx
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)
Shear
V2
R1
a+ w
M max
Moment
w
(x a)2
2
5. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT ONE END

R 1 = V1
max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=
l
a
wa
R 2 = V2
R2
V1
R1
w
M max
wa 2
2l
Vx
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 wx
M max
R
at x = 1
w
Mx
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x
Mx
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . = R 2 (l x)
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . =
wx
(a 2 (2l a)2 2ax 2 (2l a) + lx 3 )
24EIl
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . =
wa 2 (l x)
(4xl 2x2 a 2 )
24EIl
V2
Shear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=
wa
(2l a)
2l
. . . . . . . . . .=
Moment
R 21
2w
wx 2
2
6. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT EACH END
a
w1 a
R1
w2 c
R2
R 1 = V1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=
w 1a(2l a) + w 2 c2
2l
R 2 = V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=
w 2c(2l c) + w 1 a2
2l
Vx
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 w 1x
Vx
(when x > a and < (a + b))
Vx
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2 w 2 (l x)
= R 1 w 1a
R1
R1
=
at x = w when R 1 < w 1a
2w 1
1
R 22
R1
at x = l w when R 2 < w 2 c = 2w
2
2
V1
Shear
R1
w1
V2
M max
M max
M max
Mx
Moment
Mx
Mx
w 1x2
2
w1a
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1x
(2x a)
2
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R 1x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)
w 2(l x)2
2
4 - 192

7. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = 2P
l
P
l
2
R=V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
M max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
4
Mx
Px
1
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
2
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
1
Px
(3l2 4x2 )
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
48EI
l
2
Shear
M max
Moment
Pl 3
48EI
8. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =
l
x
Pb
l
R 2 = V2 (max when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
M max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
l
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
l
max
at x =
Pab (a + 2b)
3a(a + 2b)
27EIl
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa 2b 2
3EIl
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx 2
(l b 2 x2 )
6EIl
V1
V2
Shear
M max
Moment
l2
R 1 = V1 (max when a b
3
. . . =
9. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED

l
x
Shear
M max
Moment
8Pa
l
R=V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =P
M max
(between loads) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
(3l2 4a2 )
24EI
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
(3la 3a 2 x2 )
6EI
(when x > a and < (l a)) . . . . . . . =
Pa
(3lx 3x2 a 2)
6EI
4 - 193

10. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
l
P
R2
V1
V2
Shear
M2
M1
Moment
R 1 = V1
(max. when a b ) . . . . . . . . . =
P
(l b + a)
l
Vx
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . =
P
(b a)
l
M1
(max. when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 a
M2
(max. when a a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 x P(x a)
11. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY

PLACED
l
P1
P2
R2
V1
V2
Shear
M2
M1
Moment
R 1 = V1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P1 (l a) + P2 b
l
R 2 = V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P1 a + P2 (l b)
l
Vx
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 P1
M1
(max. when R 1 < P1) . . . . . . . . = R 1 a
M2
(max. when R 2 < P2) . . . . . . . . = R 2 b
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x
Mx
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R 1 x P(x a)
12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED

LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R 1 = V1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
3wl
8
R 2 = V2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
8
Vx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 wx
M max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
R
R2
V1
Shear
V2
3
l
8
l
4
M1
Moment
M max
wl 2
8
Mx
9
3
wl 2
at x = l . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
128
8
Mx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R1x
max
x
wx 2
2
l
wl 4
33
) = .4215 l . . . =
at x = (1 +
16
185 EI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wx 3
(l 3lx + 2x3 )
48EI
4 - 194

13. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT
CENTER
l
2
3P
2
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5P
15
R 2 = V2 max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
11P
16
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
3Pl
16
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
5Pl
32
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . =
l
2
M1
V1
Shear
V2
Mx
Mx
M1
max
Moment
M max
3
11 l
x
x
x
l
5Px
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
16
l 11x
l
when x > . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
2 16
3
3
at x = l
15 = .4472 l . . . . . . . = Pl = .009317 PlEI
48EI
5
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
7PL 3
768 EI
Px
l
(3l2 5x2 )
when x < . . . . . . . . . . . . =
96EI
2
l
P
(x l)2(11x 2l)
when x > . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
96EI
14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT

ANY POINT
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
R 2 = V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
l
x
R
R2
V1
Shear
Pa
2l3
(a + 2l)
(3l2 a2 )
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 a
M2
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x
Mx
(when x > a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x P(x a)
max when a < .414 l at x = l
max when a > .414 l at x = l

Moment
Pa
R2
2l3
V2
M1
Pb 2
M2
Pab
2l2
(a + l)
Pa(l2 + a2 )3
(l2 + a 2)
=
2
2
(3l a )
3EI(3l2 a2 )2
..........
2l + a
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(when x > a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab 2
6EI
2l+ a
Pa 2 b3
12EIl3
2
Pb x
12EIl3
Pa
12EIl2
(3l + a)
(3al 2 2lx 2 ax 2)
(l x)2 (3l2 x a 3 x 2a 2l)
4 - 195

15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
2wl
3
wl
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =

l
R=V
wl
R
l
2
l
2
V
V
Shear
.2113 l
M1
Moment
M max
M max
Vx
M max
(at ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
M1
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
max
x
wl 2
12
wl 2
24
w
(6lx l2 6x2 )
12
wl 4
384 EI
wx 2
(l x)2
24EI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w x
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
16. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER

l
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = P

P
x
l
2
R=V
R
l
2
V
V
Shear
M max
Mx
max
l
4
M max
Moment
M max
M max
P
2
Pl
(at center and ends) . . . . . . . . =
8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
when x <
P
l
. . . . . . . . . . . = (4x l)
8
2
Pl 3
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
192 EI
when x <
l
Px 2
(3l 4x)
. . . . . . . . . . . =
2
48EI
17. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

R 1 = V1 (max. when a b ) . . . . . . . . =
l
R1
R2
V1
Ma
M1
Moment
M2
l3
Pa 2
(3a + b)
(a + 3b)
l3
Pab 2
M1
(max. when a b ) . . . . . . . . =
Ma
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . = R 1 x
max
2Pa 3b 2
2al
. . . . =
when a > b at x =
3a + b
3EI(3a + b)2
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . =
V2
Shear
Pb 2
l2
Pa 2 b
l2
2Pa 2b 2
l3
Pab 2
l2
Pa 3 b3
3EIl3
Pb 2 x2
6EIl2
(3al 3ax bx)
4 - 196

18. CANTILEVER BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO FIXED END
8
3
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = W

l
R=V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =W
Vx
x2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =W
l2
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =

V
Shear
Mx
M max
Moment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
max (at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
Wx 3
3l2
Wl 3
15EI
W
60EIl2
(x5 5l4 x + 4l5 )
19. CANTILEVER BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4wl
R = V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
wl
Vx
R
x
M max
Moment
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl 2
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx 2
2
max (at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl 4
8EI
w
(x 4 4l3 x + 3l4 )
24EI
Mx
Shear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
20. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
l
R = V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
wl
M
R
Vx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =

V
Shear
Mx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
.4227 l
M1
Moment
8
wl
3
wl 2
3
w 2
(l 3x2 )
6
max (at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
wl 4
24EI
w(l2 x2 )2
24EI
M max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
4 - 197

21. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R=V
8Pb
l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =P
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pb
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = P(x a)
Mx
max (at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb 2
(3l b)
6EI
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb 3
3EI
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb 2
(3l 3x b)
6EI
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P(l x)2
(3b l + x)
6EI
Shear
Mmax
Moment
22. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END

l
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 8P
R=V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =P
M max (at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pl

Mx
Shear
M max
Moment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px
max (at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl 3
3EI
P
(2l3 3l2x + x3 )
6EI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
23. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT DEFLECTED END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4P
R=V
P
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =P
M max (at both ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
l
2
l
2
Moment
M max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P x
Shear
M max
Pl
2
max (at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
pl
12EI
P(l x)2
(l + 2x)
12EI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
4 - 198

24. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
R1
w(l +a)
a2
l
1 2)
2 (
l
a
x1
R 2 = V2 + V3 . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
(l + a)2
2l
V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
V3
Moment
(between supports) . . . . . = R 1 wx
M2
a 2
w
l
2
2
1 2 . . . . . = 2 (l + a) (l a)
2
l
8l
wa 2
(at R 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2
M 1 at x =
M2
M1
a2
l (1 2 )
l
w 2
(l + a2 )
2l
Vx 1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x 1)

V2
Shear
w 2
(l a2 )
2l
Vx
R2
V1
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
M x (between supports) . . . . . =
wx 2
(l a 2 xl)
2l
M x1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
(a x1 )2
2
wx
(l4 2l2 x2 + lx 3 2a 2l2 + 2a 2x 2)
24EIl
(between supports) . . . . . =
x 1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx 1
(4a2 l l3 + 6a 2 x1 4ax 21 + x31 )
24EI
25. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON

OVERHANG
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
R2
V1 + V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . =
a
x1
Vx 1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x 1)
wa
R1
R2
M max (at R 2) . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa 2
2
M x (between supports) . . . . . =
wa 2 x
2l
M x1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
(a x 1)2
2
V2
V1
Shear
max between supports at x =

Moment
wa
(2l + a)
2l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V2
l
wa 2
2l
M max
wa 2 l2
l
wa 2 l2
= 0.03208
=
EI
18
3 EI
3
max (for overhang at x1 = a ) . . . =
wa 3
(4l + 3a)
24EI
wa 2x 2
(l x 2)
12EIl
(between supports) . . . . . =
x 1 (for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx 1
(4a2 l + 6a 2x 1 4ax 21 + x31)
24EI
4 - 199

26. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT END OF OVERHANG
Pa
l
P
= (l + a)
l
=P
= Pa
Pax
=
l
= P(a x 1)
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
a
x1
R 2 = V1 + V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P
R2
R1
V2
V2
M max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(at R 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mx
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . .
M x1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l
Pal 2
Pal 2
= .06415
. . . . . =
between supports at x =
EI
3
9
3 EI
max
V1
Shear
max
M max
Moment
x
x1
Pa 2
(l + a)
3EI
Pax 2
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . . =
(l x2)
6EIl
Px 1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(2al + 3ax 1 x21 )
6EI
(for overhang at x1 = a) . . . . . . . . =
27. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
a
l
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Vx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w x
x1
wl
l
2
M max
Mx
V
V
Shear
M max
wl
2
R=V
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
x1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Moment
wl 2
8
wx
(l x)
2
5wl 4
384 EI
wx 2
(l 2lx 2 + x3)
24EI
3
wl x1
24EI
28. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

BETWEEN SUPPORTS
R 1 = V1 (max. when a b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =
x1
R2
a
V1
V2
Shear
M max
Moment
M max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
max
at x =
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(when x < a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
(when x > a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
x1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
a(a + 2b)
when a > b
3
. . . =
8Pab
l2
Pb
l
Pa
l
Pab
l
Pbx
l
Pab (a + 2b)
3a(a + 2b)
27EIl
Pa 2b 2
3EIl
Pbx 2
(l b 2 x2 )
6EIl
Pa(l x)
(2lx x 2 a2 )
6EIl
Pabx1
(l + a)
6EIl
4 - 200

29. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSUNIFORM LOAD ON ONE SPAN
Total Equiv. Uniform Load
49
wl
64
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . .
7
wl
16
R 2 = V2 + V3 . . . . . . . . .
5
wl
8
R 3 = V3 . . . . . . . . . . .
wl
R1
R2
R3
l
V1
V3
V2
7l
16
Shear
V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
M max at x =
M max
M1
7
l
16
. . . . . =
1
wl
16
9
wl
16
49
wl 2
512
M1
(at support R 2) . . . . =
1
wl 2
16
Mx
(when x < l) . . . . . =
wx
(7l 8x)
16
Moment
max (at 0.472 l from R 1 ) . .
= .0092 wl 4 / EI
30. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER

OF ONE SPAN
l
2
l
2
R2
R1
R3
Total Equiv. Uniform Load
13
P
8
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . .
13
P
32
R 2 = V2 + V3 . . . . . . . . .
11
P
16
R 3 = V3 . . . . . . . . . . .
V1
V3
Shear
V2
V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
M1
M1
Moment
19
P
32
13
Pl
64
(at support R 2) . . . . =
3
Pl
32
M max (at point of load) . . .
M max
3
P
32
max (at 0.480 l from R 1 ) . .
= .015 Pl 3 / EI
31. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

P
R1
R2
R3
l
V1
Shear
V2
M max
R 2 = V2 + V3 . . . . . . . . .
R 3 = V3 . . . . . . . . . . .
V3
V2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
M max (at point of load) . . .

M1
Moment
Pb
R 1 = V1 . . . . . . . . . . .
M1
(at support R 2) . . . . =
4l3
Pa
2l3
(4l2 a(l + a))

(2l2 + b(l + a))
Pab
4l3
Pa
4l3
(4l2 + b(l + a))
Pab
4l3
Pab
4l2
(l + a)
(4l2 a(l + a))

(l + a)
4 - 201

32. BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R 1 = V1
. . . . . . . . . . .
wl M 1 M 2
+
2
l
R 2 = V2
. . . . . . . . . . .
wl M 1 M 2
2
l
M1
wl
l
2
R2
Shear
V2
l M 1 M 2
M 3 at x = +
. .
wl
2
M3
M2
M1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . = w x +
Vx
M >M
R1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Mx
M1 M2
l
2
wl 2 M 1 + M 2 (M 1 M 2)
+
8
2
2wl 2
wx
(l x) +
2
M M
2
1
x M1
l
Moment
M + M M M
l
+
4
w
wl
2
(to locate inflection points) =
x =
wx
24EI
8M 1l 4M 2l
4M 1 4M 2 2 12M 1
3
2
x 2l + wl wl x + w x + l w w
33. BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
M1
l
P
l
2
M1 >M
M2
R 1 = V1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P M1 M2
+
2
l
R 2 = V2
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P M1 M2
2
l
R2
Pl M 1 + M 2
4
2
M 3 (at center) . . . . . . . .
l
M x when x < . . . . . .
2
P M1 M2
x M1
= +
l
2
l
M x when x > . . . . . .
2
V2
Shear
M3
Moment
M1
M2
(M 1 M 2)x
P
(l x) +
M1
2
l
8(l x)
l
Px 2
3l 4x2
x when x < =
[M 1 (2l x) + M 2 (l + x)]
2
48EI
Pl
4 - 202

34. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSONE END SPAN UNLOADED
wl
wl
B
RA = 0.383 w l
0.583 w l
0.383 w l
RC = 0.450 w l
RB = 1.20 w l
RD = 0.033 w l
0.033 w l
0.617 w l
Shear
0.033 w l
0.417 w l
0.1167 w l 2
+0.0735 w l 2
0.0333 wl 2
+0.0534 w l 2
Moment
0.383 l
0.583 l
max (0.430 l from A) = 0.0059 wl 4/ El
35. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSEND SPANS LOADED

wl
wl
B
RA = 0.450 w l
RB = 0.550 wl
RC = 0.550 w l
RD = 0.450 w l
0.550 wl
0.450 wl
0.450 w l
0.550 w l
Shear
0.050 w l 2
+0.1013 w l 2
+0.1013 w l 2
Moment
0.450 l
0.450 l
max (0.479 l from A or D) = 0.0099 wl 4/ El
36. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl
wl
B
wl
C
RB = 1.10 w l
RA = 0.400 w l
0.500 w l
0.400 w l
0.400 w l
0.500 w l
0.100 w l 2
0.100 w l 2
+0.080 w l 2
RD = 0.400 w l
0.600 w l
0.600 w l
Shear
R C = 1.10 w l
+0.080 w l 2
+0.025w l 2
Moment
0.400 l
0.500 l
0.500 l
0.400 l
max (0.446 l from A or D) = 0.0069 w / El

l4
4 - 203

37. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSTHIRD SPAN UNLOADED
wl
wl
RA = 0.380 w l
wl
C
RE = 0.442 w l
0.558 w l
0.620 w l
Shear
0.442 w l
0.040 w l
0.397 w l
0.058 w l 2
0.0179 w l 2
0.1205 w l 2
+0.0977 w l 2
+0.0611 w l 2
+0.072 w l
R D = 0.598 w l
0.603 w l
0.380 w l
RC = 0.357 w l
RB = 1.223 w l
Moment
0.603 l
0.442 l
0.380 l
max (0.475 l from E) = 0.0094 wl 4/ El
38. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSLOAD FIRST AND THIRD SPANS

wl
wl
RA = 0.446 w l
RC = 0.464 w l
RB = 0.572 w l
RE = 0.054 w l
0.054 w l
0.518 w l
0.0536 w l 2
0.0357 w l 2
0.0536 w l 2
+0.0996 w l
0.054 w l
0.554 w l
Shear
R D = 0.572 w l
0.482 w l
0.018 w l
0.446 w l
+0.0805 w l 2
Moment
0.518 l
0.446 l
max (0.477 l from A) = 0.0097 wl 4/ El
39. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl
wl
0.607 w l
Shear
+0.0772
RD = 1.143 w l
+0.0364 w l 2
0.393 w l
0.536 w l
0.1071 w l 2
+0.0364 w l 2
+0.0772 w l 2
Moment
0.536 l
E
RE = 0.393 w l
0.607 w l
0.464 w l
0.0714 w l 2
0.1071 w l 2
wl 2
wl
RC = 0.928 w l
0.464 w l
0.536 w l
0.393 w l
RB = 1.143 w l
RA = 0.393 w l
wl
0.536 l
0.393 l
0.393 l
max (0.440 l from A and D) = 0.0065 w l 4/ El
4 - 204

40. SIMPLE BEAMONE CONCENTRATED MOVING LOAD
x
P
R2
R1
l
R 1 max = V1 max (at x = 0) . . . . . . . . . . .
=P
1
M max at point of load, when x = . . . . .
2
Pl
4
41. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING LOADS

R 1 max = V1 max (at x = 0) . . . . . . . . . . .
a
l
= P 2
when a <, (2
2 ) l . . . . . = .586 l
x
a
P
R1
under load 1 at x
P
R2
M max
1
l
2
a
. .
2
P
l
2l
when a > (2
2 )l . . . . . = .586 l
with one load at center of span =
Pl
4
(Case 40)
42. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING LOADS

R 1 max = V1 max (at x = 0) . . . . . . . . . . .
under P1 , at x =
P1 > P2
a
P1
R1
P2
R2
M max
P 2a
1
l
2 P1 + P2
= P1 + P2
la
l
= (P1 + P2 )
x2
l
M max may occur with larger
load at center of span and other

l
load off span (Case 40) . . . =
P1 l
4
GENERAL RULES FOR SIMPLE BEAMS CARRYING MOVING CONCENTRATED LOADS
P1
a
C.G.
R1
P2
R2
b
l
2
Moment
The maximum shear due to moving concentrated loads occurs at

one support when one of the loads is at that support. With several
moving loads, the location that will produce maximum shear must be
determined by trial.
The maximum bending moment produced by moving concentrated
loads occurs under one of the loads when that load is as far from one
support as the center of gravity of all the moving loads on the beam is
from the other support.
In the accompanying diagram, the maximum bending moment
occurs under load P1 when x = b . It should also be noted that this
condition occurs when the centerline of the span is midway between
the center of gravity of loads and the nearest concentrated load.
4 - 205

Design properties of cantilevered beams
Equal loads, equally spaced
No. Spans
System
a
M1
M1
M1
M3
M3
M2
M2
M3
M1
M1
M1
M1
M4
M1
M1
M1
D
M1
M1
H
M3
C
M1
M5
4
P
2
5
P
P
2
P
2
Moments
P
2
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
0.086PL
0.096PL
0.063PL
0.039PL
0.051PL
0.167PL
0.188PL
0.125PL
0.083PL
0.104PL
0.250PL
0.278PL
0.167PL
0.083PL
0.139PL
0.333PL
0.375PL
0.250PL
0.167PL
0.208PL
0.429PL
0.480PL
0.300PL
0.171PL
0.249PL
Reactions
D
M1
M3
M2
d
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
0.414P
1.172P
0.438P
1.063P
1.086P
1.109P
0.977P
1.000P
0.833P
2.333P
0.875P
2.125P
2.167P
2.208P
1.958P
2.000P
1.250P
3.500P
1.333P
3.167P
3.250P
3.333P
2.917P
3.000P
1.667P
4.667P
1.750P
4.250P
4.333P
4.417P
3.917P
4.000P
2.071P
5.857P
2.200P
5.300P
5.429P
5.557P
4.871P
5.000P
Cantilever
Dimensions
M3
P
2
M3
M3
M3
M3
P
2
M3
M3
M3
2
P
2
M3
M3
M3
M5
M2
M3
H
e
M3
M3
M3
M3
M3
M3
M3
M3
M3
C
M1
M3
D
M1
M5
M2
M5
e
M3
M1
M3
Typical Span
Loading
M3
M2
M3
H
e
M3
M5
M3
M3
M3
M1
A
M3
M3
M1
f
M3
M2
C
M2
7
(odd)
M3
M3
M5
6
(even)
e
M3
a
b
c
d
e
f
0.172L
0.125L
0.220L
0.204L
0.157L
0.147L
0.250L
0.200L
0.333L
0.308L
0.273L
0.250L
0.200L
0.143L
0.250L
0.231L
0.182L
0.167L
0.182L
0.143L
0.222L
0.211L
0.176L
0.167L
0.176L
0.130L
0.229L
0.203L
0.160L
0.150L
P
2
4 - 206

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICIENTS
EQUAL SPANS, EQUALLY LOADED
MOMENT
in terms of wl2
UNIFORM LOAD
SHEAR
in terms of wl
+.07
+.07
.125
+.08
+.025
0 3
8
+.08
.10
.10
.073
.105
0 15
38
+.078
+.078
.106
.077
.077
.086
.106
0 41
104
+.078
+.078
.106
.077
.085
.085
.077
.106
0 36
142
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
+.156
23 20
38
63 55
104
86 75
142
18 19
38
67 70
142
4 0
10
15 17
28
19 18
38
53 53
104
72 71
142
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at center
+.156
5 6
10
13 13
28
43 51
104
0
8
6 5
10
17 15
28
0 11
28
+.078
.073
0 4
10
+.077
+.036
+.036
+.077
.107
.071
.107
+.078
.105
11 0
28
20 23
38
51 49
104
71 72
142
15 0
38
55 63
104
70 67
142
41 0
104
75 86
142
36 0
142
SHEAR
in terms of P
+.157
.31
+.178
+.10
+.175
.15
+.13
+.11
.119
.119
+.222
+.111
+.111
.65
+.171
.50
.50
.65
.35
.158
.34
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
.31
.15
+.11
.138
.69
P
.35
+.171
.69
+.222
.66
.54
.46
.50
.50
.46
.54
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at 13 points
.66
.34
SHEAR
in terms of P
P
.333
.67
+.156
+.244
+.066
.267
+.066 +.156
.267
+.244
P
.73
+.24
+.146
+.076
.281
+.099 +.122
.211
+.122 +.099
.211
+.076 +.146
.281
+.24
P
.72
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
+.258
+.267
+.267
+.022 +.022
+.258
-.465
P
1.28
1.0
1.0
+.155
+.303
+.204
+.155
+.303
+.079 +.006
+.054 +.079
+.079 +.054
+.277
+.006 +.079
-.394
-.296
-.296
-.394
1.97
P P P
P P P
1.11
1.89
.93
.73
1.07
P
1.28
.72
1.87
1.40
P P P
1.97
P P P
1.50
P P P
1.60
SHEAR
in terms of P
P P P
+.314
+.128
+.314
+.097 +.003 +.003 +.097 +.282
-.372
-.372
P
1.27
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at 14 points
1.13
+.277
1.0
P
.93
.67
1.0
1.03
+.282
1.33
1.27
P
1.07
1.33
1.50
P P P
1.50
1.50
1.03
P P P
1.87
1.13
P P P
1.40
1.60
P P P
1.89
1.11

Tablas Aisc Guillermo

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What are beam diagrams and formulas used for?

What are beam diagrams and formulas used for?

What are some common beam loading conditions discussed?

What are some common beam loading conditions discussed?

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

= deflection at point of load (in.)

= deflection at any point x distance from left reaction (in.)

x1 = deflection of overhang section of beam at any distance from nearest reaction

BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

Beam Fixed One

Maximum positive moment (kip-ft): aPL

Equivalent simple span uniform load (kips): f P

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END

(3x4 10l2 x2 + 7l4 )

3. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER

Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =

M max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

max (at center) . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

R 1 = V1 (max. when a < c) . . . . . . . =

(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1 w(x a)

(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R 1x

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)

5. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT ONE END

6. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT EACH END

(when x > a and < (a + b))

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2 w 2 (l x)

(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R 2(l x)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

8. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

R 2 = V2 (max when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =

R 1 = V1 (max when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . . . =

9. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED

(when x > a and < (l a)) . . . . . . . =

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

(max. when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . =

(max. when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . =

(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . =

(max. when a > b ) . . . . . . . . . = R 1 a

(max. when a < b ) . . . . . . . . . = R 2 b