This document discusses the design of solid slab using the strip method. It provides an introduction to the strip method and its advantages over yield line analysis. It then shows the analysis and design process for a sample uniformly loaded rectangular slab with two fixed edges and two simply supported edges. This includes determining the moments in different slab strips, selecting reinforcement ratios and spacing to satisfy design moments.
This document discusses the design of solid slab using the strip method. It provides an introduction to the strip method and its advantages over yield line analysis. It then shows the analysis and design process for a sample uniformly loaded rectangular slab with two fixed edges and two simply supported edges. This includes determining the moments in different slab strips, selecting reinforcement ratios and spacing to satisfy design moments.
This document discusses the design of solid slab using the strip method. It provides an introduction to the strip method and its advantages over yield line analysis. It then shows the analysis and design process for a sample uniformly loaded rectangular slab with two fixed edges and two simply supported edges. This includes determining the moments in different slab strips, selecting reinforcement ratios and spacing to satisfy design moments.
This document discusses the design of solid slab using the strip method. It provides an introduction to the strip method and its advantages over yield line analysis. It then shows the analysis and design process for a sample uniformly loaded rectangular slab with two fixed edges and two simply supported edges. This includes determining the moments in different slab strips, selecting reinforcement ratios and spacing to satisfy design moments.
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4.
SOLID SLAB DESIGN USING STRIP METHOD
4.1. Introduction The upper bound theorem of the theory of plasticity was present in yield line theory. The yield line method of slab analysis is an upper bound approach to determine the capacity of slabs.
Disadvantage: F In upper bound analysis if an error occurs, it will be on the unsafe side. The actual carrying capacity will be less than, or at best equal to the capacity predicted, which is certainly a cause for concern in design. F When applying this method it necessary to assume the distribution of reinforcement is known over the whole slab. It can be used for design only in an iterative sense i.e. trial design until a satisfactory arrangement is found.
These circumstances motivated Hillerborg (1956) to develop what is known as the strip method for slab design. In contrast to yield line analysis, the strip method is a lower bound approach, based on the satisfaction of equilibrium requirements everywhere in the slab. By the strip method, a moment field is first determined that fulfills equilibrium requirements, after which the reinforcement of the slab at each point is designed for this moment field.
Lower Bound Theorem
If a distribution of moment can be found that satisfies both equilibrium and boundary conditions for a given external loading, and if the yield moment capacity of the slab is nowhere exceeded, then the given external loading will represent a lower bound of the true carrying capacity.
Advantages:
F The strip method gives results on the safe side, which is certainly preferable in practice. F The strip method is a design method by which the needed reinforcement can be calculated. 4.2. Analysis and Design of solid slab using Strip method
Selected slab panel for strip analysis
The figure shows a uniformly loaded rectangular slab having two adjacent fixed edges and the other two edges simply supported. Let us consider slab strips with one end fixed and one end simply supported as shown below. In determining by strip method, slab strips carrying loads only near the supports and unloaded in the central region are encountered (see figure). It is convenient if the unloaded region is subject to a constant moment (and zero shear) because this simplifies the selection of positive reinforcement.
The following are recognized:
F Although the middle strips have the same width as those of the rectangular slab with simple supports, the discontinuity lines are shifted to account for the greater stiffness of the strips with fixed ends. Their location is defined by coefficient , with a value clearly less than 0.5, so that the edge strips have widths greater and less than b/4 at the fixed end and simple end respectively (see fig.). F For a BM diagram for x- direction middle strips (section A-A) with constant moment, over the unloaded part the following maximum moments are achieved. Observing, the absolute of the negative moment at a support plus the span moment = the “cantilever” moment.
Now the ratio of negative to positive moments in the x-direction middle strip is:
Hillerborg notes that as general rule for fixed edges, the support moment should be about 1.5 to 2.5 times the span moment in the same strip. F For mxs/mxf = 2
Higher values should be chosen for longitudinal strips that are largely unloaded and in such cases a ratio of support to span moment of 3 to 4 may be used. However As min may govern for such high ratios with too small positive moment. F Next moment in the x- direction edge strips: Note that they are one half of those in the middle strips because load is half as great. F Moment in the y- direction middle strips: It is reasonable to choose the same ratio between support and span moments in the y- direction as in the x- direction. Choose the distance from the right support to maximum moment section as b [the cantilever span = (1- )b mys = (1-2)wb2/2]. Hence, the ratio of negative to positive moment is as before:
Moment in the y-direction edge strips:
With the above expressions, all the design moments for the slab can be found once a suitable value for is chosen. 0.35 ≤ ≤ 0.39 give corresponding ratios of negative to positive moments from 2.45 to 1.45, the range recommended by Hillerborg. For example, if it is decided that support moment is to be twice the span moments, the value of = 0.366 and the negative and positive moments in the central strip in the y- direction are respectively 0.134wb2 and 0.067wb2. In the middle strip in the x- directions, moments are one-fourth those values; and in the edge strips in both directions, they are one-eighth of those values. Depth required for serviceability
Effective depth of slab ………………EBCS-2, 1995
Here Le = span of the joist = 3.9 m βa for slab span ratio 2:1 (for End spans) = 30 βa for slab span ratio 1:1 (for End spans) = 40 βa for slab span ratio 1.14:1 (Interpolated) = 38.59
d = (0.4 + 0.6*300/400)*3900/38.59
= 85.90mm
Overall depth of the slab = h = 85.90 + 15 + 12 = 112.90 mm
Provide h = 120 mm
Loads on the slab
Dead Load of the slab = (0.12 * 25) = 3 KN/m2
Live Load for {kitchen, bedroom, Corridor} = max {2, 2, 5} = 5 KN/m2
Design load = 1.3(3) + 1.6(5) = 11.4 KN/m2
W = 11.4 KN/m2
W/2 = 5.7 KN/m2
Mxs Assuming = 2 then Mxf b 3.9 @ (1-) 2 = (1-0.366) 2 = 1.24m ab 0.366∗3.9 @ = = 0.71m 2 2 b 3.9 @ = = 1.95m 2 2 b 3.9 @ a- = 4.45 - = 2.5m 2 2
