Faircloth Skimmer®: 1 " Cut Sheet J. W. Faircloth & Son, Inc

1 Faircloth Skimmer Cut Sheet
J. W. Faircloth & Son, Inc.

www.FairclothSkimmer.com
4
4Sch
Sch4040
coupling
coupling 1
connection
connection
1 Vent
With RED tip
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
2 pvc float
16
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
16
Skimmer shown in
floating position
NO inlet extension
Just the barrel
connected to the Tee
1 HEAD on
center of inlet and
orifice
1 hose, ss clamps
1 threaded male fitting
on outlet end
1. Skimmer can be attached to a straight 4 sch 40 pipe through the dam but the pipe may need
to be anchored to the bottom at the connection so it is secure. Coupling can be removed and
hose attached to outlet using the threaded 1 fitting. Typical methods used: on a metal
structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom side with a 1 threaded coupling or
reducers; on a concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a steel plate with a
hole cut in it and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolted to the
structure with sealant; grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the concrete to connect the skimmer.
2. Dimensions are approximate, not intended as plans for construction.
3. Barrel (solid, not foam core pipe) should be 1.4 times the depth of water with a maximum
length of 6 so the inlet can be pulled to the side for maintenance. Skimmer is made for small
sediment traps with a maximum depth of 4.
4. Inlet is 3 pipe between the straps with aluminum screen door for access to the 1 inlet and
orifice inside.
5. Capacity 1,728 cubic feet per day maximum with 1 inlet and 1 head. Inlet can be
reduced by installing a smaller orifice using the plug and cutter provided to adjust flow rate for
the particular basin volume and drawdown time required.
6. Shipped assembled. User glues inlet extension and barrel, installs vent, cuts orifice in plug
and attaches to outlet pipe or structure. Includes flexible hose, rope, orifice cutter, etc.
1-5inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

4
4Sch
Sch4040
coupling
coupling 1
connection
connection
1 Vent
With RED tip
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
2 pvc float
16
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
16
Skimmer shown in
floating position
NO inlet extension
Just the barrel
connected to the Tee
1 HEAD on
center of inlet and
orifice
1 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end
hose attached to outlet using the threaded 1 fitting. Typical methods used: on a metal
structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom side with a 1 threaded coupling or
structure with sealant; grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the concrete to connect the skimmer.
3. Barrel (solid, not foam core pipe) should be 1.4 times the depth of water with a maximum
length of 6 so the inlet can be pulled to the side for maintenance. Skimmer is made for small
sediment traps with a maximum depth of 4.
orifice inside.
5. Capacity 1,728 cubic feet per day maximum with 1 inlet and 1 head. Inlet can be
1-5inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain

Instructions for Assembly, Use and Maintenance
You Will Need:
6 feet or more of 1 Sch 40 PVC pipe SOLID
Primer and glue for PVC pipe
Phillips screw driver, maybe a knife
Assembly and Installation Directions.

1. Glue on the 2 inlet extension to the Tee on the inlet. Install the vent.
Details Prime and glue the 2 inlet extension (with the coupling, 1 bushing and screw on one end) into the
2 end of the Tee on the side of the Inlet (5" horizontal tube suspended between the sides of the float with the
aluminum screen door).
Install the vent into the socket in the Tee: back the screw out, insert the short end of the vent, point the long end
toward the door on the inlet, and tighten the screw. Use a little grease so it can be removed later.
4 Sch 40
coupling
connection
Vent
With Green
Tip
Rope
Inlet
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
SUPPLIED BY USER
1 hose
2 inlet
extension
Skimmer shown in
floating position
2. Glue the 6 long 1 sch 40 barrel to the 1 grey coupling on the hose.
Details You will need 1 Sch 40 PVC pipe (solid, not foam core) for the barrel (or "arm") between the float
assembly and the 1 hose. The length of the pipe should be about 1.4 times the depth of the basin so the
surface drain floats properly when the basin fills with a minimum length of 6' so the surface drain can be pulled
to the side of the basin for maintenance.
If barrel is longer than 8 weight may have to be added to the inlet so it sits at the right depth.
3. Put the other end of the barrel into the socket on the inlet extension and tighten the screw.
Details Make sure the screw point is not protruding into the 1 bushing on the outlet end of the inlet extension
you glued onto the Tee.
WITHOUT GLUE OR PRIMER, but with a little grease, insert the other end of the pipe into the bushing all the way
in until it hits bottom. It may be easier to do this in the basin after you have connected the hose to the pipe, riser or
outlet structure. Tighten the screw so the point enters the pipe to secure it; it does not have to go all the way in.
This connection is not glued to allow disassembly and possible reuse of the surface drain later.
4. Cut the orifice in the disk (size shown on the erosion control plans), put the disk in adaptor, and install the
adaptor on the inlet, and tighten the screw. Close the door.
November 6, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Details Refer to the erosion control plans for the orifice size. Open the door on the inlet and remove the 2
disk in the inlet. Follow the instructions below for cutting the
ORIFICE. Put the orifice in the adaptor, install the adaptor on the
inlet, secure it with the screw (through the hole in the top of the
inlet) and close the door and secure it with the screw eye. If you do
not know the size of the orifice, refer to the instructions on the next
page.
5. Cut a trench in the bottom of the basin 1 to 2 deep under where
the surface drain will be placed. If required, place a support under
the surface drain inlet.
Details If the surface drain will settle to the bottom when the basin
drains it is recommended that a 1' - 2' deep trench a backhoe
bucket wide should be excavated under the surface drain to catch sediment that will settle under the surface drain.
If a pool of water is to be provided, install the support under the surface drain inlet as shown on the erosion control
plans. It is recommended that the hose connection to the pipe through the dam be low enough that the whole pond
can be drained using the surface drain even if a pool of water is to be provided. Doing this will avoid using a pump
to drain the very bottom of the pond.
If ice is expected during winter place the surface drain near the dam or side of the basin where the ice will be the
thinnest and you can get to the inlet to break the ice and keep water flowing through the surface drain. But do not
put it so close to the side that the surface drain cannot settle to the bottom and drain the whole basin.
6. Attach the 4 coupling on the hose to the pipe through the dam or the outlet structure.
Details Make sure the screw points are not protruding into the 4" coupling on the hose and attach it to the pipe
through the dam.Tighten the screws just so the points go into the plastic to secure it. Greasing the pipe is
recommended so the hose can be removed later.
If the connection pipe is larger than 4 you will need a coupling for that pipe, a bushing for that couping with a 4
socket, and about 10 of 4 pipe to create an attachment.
If attaching to a metal pipe you will need a rubber coupling (Fernco) and a short piece of 4 pvc pipe to make the
connection.
OR The 4 coupling can be removed and the hose connected using the 2 threaded fitting. If attaching to a
concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, either: 1) grout a 4 PVC pipe into the hole and connect the
hose: or 2) a more secure way is to use a steel plate with a hole cut in it and 2 coupling welded to it that will fit
over the hole in the concrete and bolt the plate to the structure with sealant to make it water tight.
7. Attach the rope to the Tee and the other end to a stake on the side of the basin.
Details Tie one end of the rope around the Tee between the vent socket and the 5" tube on the inlet. Secure the
other end to a stake or post on the dam or side of the basin where it can be used to pull the surface drain to the
side if necessary to remove trash and debris.
8. Put a fence post, 1 not 2, on the opposite side of the barrel from where the rope is tied to a stake to keep the
surface drain in place.
Details Put the surface drain where you want it to settle to the bottom and drive a metal fence post into the
ground on the outside of the barrel (away from the side) 2 from the float to hold the surface drain in that place.
Posts on both sides of the barrel are not recommended because it will prevent pulling the surface drain to the side
for maintenance.
9. Take a break.
Maintenance
November 6, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Trash: If the inlet screen clogs and there is water in the basin, tugging on the rope several times will usually wash
the trash off and restore flow. If not, pull the inlet to the side of the basin and use a stick to clean the screen. Open
the screen door and remove any trash or sediment inside so grass or trees do not grow in the inlet. (Yes, this can
happen!)
Sediment Accumulation Around Surface drain: A shallow, long basin, using baffles, and inflow in the basin at
the opposite end from the outlet help keep sediment away from the surface drain. If sediment restricts surface
drain movement, pull the surface drain to one side and excavate under it.
Ice: Try to keep ice broken up at the inlet and around the barrel to keep water flowing, making it less likely the inlet
will freeze. Spray painting the float black to absorb heat is recommended. Use paint that will stick to PVC plastic.
Handling the Surface drain: The surface drain is made of plastic and will withstand heat, cold and sunlight but it
needs to be handled by hand, NOT grabbed with a backhoe bucket and yanked around, especially in cold weather.
To remove the surface drain, disconnect the hose first, then disconnect the barrel from the inlet extension. DO
NOT try to pull the surface drain loose with a backhoe.
Vandalism: Keep unauthorized persons that may do damage off the site. Do not provide rocks close to the
surface drain if possible. If possible, taking other considerations into account, position the surface drain out in the
basin away from the banks to decrease the potential for a successful hit.
Call if you have problems or questions
Cutting and Installing the ORIFICE in the Inlet

Purpose: cutting a smaller hole or orifice (less than 2) in the disk and installing it on the inlet reduces the flow rate
through the surface drain to match the volume of the basin and the number days to drain the basin. It customizes the
surface drain for the basin it is used in and is not optional if the erosion control plan calls for a specific orifice.
1. The size of the orifice should be shown on the erosion control plans with the sediment basin specifications. If so
use the following instructions to adjust the cutter, cut the orifice in the disk, put the disk in the adaptor, and install
the adaptor over the inlet. If the size is not shown use the instructions on the next page to determine the orifice
size or call us.
2. Cutting the Orifice After finding the size of the orifice on the plans or determining the size use the cutter provided
to cut the hole in the center of the plastic disk you removed from the adaptor on the inlet.
Measure the radius (1/2 of the diameter) of the required orifice from the center of the pilot hole in the disk and
mark it with a pencil.
Fold Page on Bottom Line to Create Ruler for Measuring Orifice Radius
BE CAREFUL OF THE SHARP NAIL POINT! Loosen the bolt in the slot by turning the wing nut. Place the end of
the bolt with the 2 nuts on it in the pilot hole in the center of the plastic disk. Place the point of the nail on the mark
for the orifice radius.
While holding the bolt at the proper place, remove the cutter from the pilot hole and tighten the wing nut. You
should be able to tighten it without a wrench or pliers.
Next, insert the end of the bolt back in the pilot hole in the disk so the nail point is against the plastic. Hold the disk
in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand and scour the plastic. Dont try to cut through the disk with
just one turn, take several on each side. Turn the disk over and scour the other side several times.
The center of the hole should pop out after scouring both sides even if the plastic is not cut completely through
around the entire perimeter. If not, CAREFULLY use a knife and cut around the scour line to finish cutting through.
3.
Installing the Orifice Remove the screw eye holding the aluminum screen door on the inlet and open the door to
get to the inlet:
November 6, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Put the disk into the adaptor and then over the inlet, the 2 pipe sticking through the side of the 5 pipe with the
Tee attached to it. See the picture above. Tighten the screw on the adaptor enough so the point goes into the
pipe. Put the Phillips screwdriver through the hole in the top of the inlet to reach this screw. Check to make sure
the adaptor is secure.
DONT GLUE THE ADAPTOR ON THE INLET. Doing so limits reusing the surface drain on another sediment
basin that requires a different size orifice.
Close the door and replace the screw eye to hold it shut.
Determining Orifice Size

Draining the sediment basin in the required time involves: #1 choosing the size surface drain needed to drain the
basins volume in the specified number of days, in this case a 2 surface drain; and #2 adjusting the flow rate
through the surface drain using a smaller orifice or hole placed over the inlet pipe. To determine the radius of this
orifice divide the basins volume by a factor (from #2 below) for the number of days to drain the basin; the result is the
required area of the orifice. Then, calculate the orifice radius using Area = r2 and solving for r, r =
( Area / 3.14) .
The cutter can be adjusted to that radius and the orifice cut in the plastic disk that fits over the inlet as described
above. This procedure customizes the surface drain for the basin it will be installed in.
1. Approximate surface drain maximum capacities based on typical draw down requirements, which can vary
between States and jurisdictions and watersheds. Draining the basin in less than 2 days is not recommended.
2 surface drain
with a 2.5" head
6,234
12,468
18,702
24,936
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
24 hours 31,170 cubic feet in 5 days

2 days
37,404 cubic feet in 6 days
3 days
4 days
2. Factors (in cubic feet of flow per square inch of opening through a round orifice for the draw down times shown) to
use in determining the orifice radius in inches for a particular basin volume to be drained. This quick method works
because the orifice is centered and has a constant head, (the distance between the center and the water surface).
An alternative method is to use the orifice equation (C = 0.59) with the head for the particular surface drain (shown
under #1 above) and determine the required orifice for the volume and draw down time.
2 surface drain
1,270
2,540
3,810
5,080
to drain the basin in

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days
6,350 to drain the basin in 5 days

The 1) size surface drain necessary for the sediment basin and 2) the required orifice radius and diameter for the
surface drain should be shown on the erosion control plan for each basin. Also give the basin volume and number
of days to drain; this can be helpful when the contractor orders the surface drain. During the surface drain
installation the required orifice can be cut in the plastic disk by the contractor using the supplied cutter and
installed in the surface drain using the instructions with the surface drain.
The plan review and enforcement authority may require calculations showing that the surface drain used can drain
the basin in the required time.
For more information on sizing the orifice and for an example problem go to our web site or call us.
Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06; 11-6-07
J. W. Faircloth & Son Inc.
412-A Buttonwood Drive
PO Box 757
Hillsborough, NC 27278
(919) 732-1244 Fax (919) 732-1266
Email: jwfaircloth@embarqmail.com
FairclothSkimmer.com
November 6, 2007
2-5inchInstr TM 11-07
2 Faircloth Skimmer
2.5 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain Cut Sheet

4
4Sch
Sch4040
coupling
coupling 1
connection
connection
1 1/2 Vent
with Green tip
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
2 pvc float
29
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
29
Skimmer shown in
floating position
1 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end
2 1/2 inlet
4
extension
2.5 HEAD on
center of inlet and
orifice
hose attached to outlet using the threaded 2 fitting. Typical methods used: on a metal structure
a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom with a 2 threaded coupling or reducers; on a
concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a steel plate with a hole cut in it and
coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolted to the structure with
sealant: grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the concrete to connect the skimmer.
3. Barrel (solid, not foam core pipe) should be 1.4 times the depth of water with a minimum
length of 6 so the inlet can be pulled to the side for maintenance. If more than 8 long weight
may have to be added to inlet to counter the increased buoyancy.
4. Inlet tapers down from 2 maximum inlet to a 1 barrel and hose. Barrel is smaller to
reduce buoyancy and tendency to lift inlet but is sufficient for flow through inlet because of
slope. The inlet orifice can be reduced using the plug and cutter provided to control the outflow
rate.
orifice inside.
6. Capacity 6,234 cubic feet per day maximum with 2 inlet and 2.5 head. Inlet can be
2-5inchCut TM 11-07
November 11, 2007

1 Vent
with Yellow tip
4
4Sch
Sch4040
coupling
coupling 1
connection
connection
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
2 pvc float
27
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
27
Skimmer shown in
floating position
1 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end
2 inlet
extension
2 HEAD on center
of inlet and orifice
hose attached to outlet using the threaded 2 fitting. Typical methods used: on a metal structure
a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom side with a 2 threaded coupling or reducers;
on a concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a steel plate with a hole cut in it
and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolted to the structure with
sealant; grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the concrete to connect the skimmer.
4. Inlet tapers down from 2 maximum inlet to a 1 barrel and hose. Barrel is smaller to
reduce buoyancy and tendency to lift inlet but is sufficient for flow through inlet because of
slope. The inlet orifice can be reduced using the plug and cutter provided to control the outflow
rate.
5. Inlet is 4 pipe between the straps with aluminum screen door for access to the inlet and
orifice inside.
6. Capacity 3,283 cubic feet per day maximum with 2 inlet and 2 head. Inlet can be reduced
by installing a smaller orifice using the plug and cutter provided to adjust flow rate for the
particular basin volume and drawdown time required.
2inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

You Will Need:

Details Prime and glue the 2" inlet extension (with the coupling, 1 bushing and screw on one end) into the 2"
end of the Tee on the side of the Inlet (4" horizontal tube suspended between the sides of the float with the
Install the vent into the socket in the Tee, back the screw out, insert the short end of the vent, point the long end
4 Sch 40
coupling
connection
Vent
with YELLOW
tip
Rope
Inlet
1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
SUPPLIED BY USER
1 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
2 inlet
extension
skimmer floats properly when the basin fills with a minimum length of 6' so the skimmer can be pulled to the side
of the basin for maintenance.
If barrel is longer than 8 weight may have to be added to the inlet so it sits at the right depth.
Details Make sure the screw point is not protruding into the 1 bushing on the outlet end of the inlet extension
This connection is not glued to allow disassembly and possible reuse of the skimmer later.
4. Cut the orifice in the plug (size shown on the erosion control plans), put the plug in the inlet, and tighten the
screw. Close the door.
November 14, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Details Refer to the erosion control plans for the orifice size. Open the door on the inlet and remove the 2"
plug in the inlet. Follow the instructions below for cutting the
ORIFICE. Install the orifice in the inlet, secure it with the screw
(through the hole in the top of the inlet) and close the door and
secure it with the screw eye. If you do not know the size of the
orifice, refer to the instructions on the next page.
the skimmer will be placed. If required, place a support under the
skimmer inlet.
Details If the skimmer will settle to the bottom when the basin
bucket wide should be excavated under the skimmer to catch
sediment that will settle under the skimmer.
If a pool of water is to be provided, install the support under the skimmer inlet as shown on the erosion control
can be drained using the skimmer even if a pool of water is to be provided. Doing this will avoid using a pump to
drain the very bottom of the pond.
If ice is expected during winter place the skimmer near the dam or side of the basin where the ice will be the
thinnest and you can get to the inlet to break the ice and keep water flowing through the skimmer. But do not put it
so close to the side that the skimmer cannot settle to the bottom and drain the whole basin.
through the dam. Tighten the screws just so the points go into the plastic to secure it. Greasing the pipe is
If the connection pipe is larger than 4 you will need a coupling for that pipe, a bushing for that coupling with a 4
connection.
other end to a stake or post on the dam or side of the basin where it can be used to pull the skimmer to the side if
necessary to remove trash and debris.
skimmer in place.
Details Put the skimmer where you want it to settle to the bottom and drive a metal fence post into the ground on
the outside of the barrel (away from the side) 2 from the float to hold the skimmer in that place.Make sure it is
high enough so the barrel does not float over the top when the basin fills. Posts on both sides of the barrel are not
recommended because it will prevent pulling the skimmer to the side for maintenance.
9. Take a break.
November 14, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Maintenance
happen!)
Sediment Accumulation Around Skimmer: A shallow, long basin, using baffles, and inflow in the basin at the
opposite end from the outlet help keep sediment away from the skimmer. If sediment restricts skimmer movement,
pull the skimmer to one side and excavate under it.
Handling the Skimmer: The skimmer is made of plastic and will withstand heat, cold and sunlight but it needs to
be handled by hand, NOT grabbed with a backhoe bucket and yanked around, especially in cold weather. To
remove the skimmer, disconnect the hose first, then disconnect the barrel from the inlet extension. DO NOT try to
pull the skimmer loose with a backhoe.
skimmer if possible. If possible, taking other considerations into account, position the skimmer out in the basin
away from the banks to decrease the potential for a successful hit.

Purpose: cutting a smaller hole or orifice (less than 2) in the plug and installing it in the inlet reduces the flow rate
through the skimmer to match the volume of the basin and the number days to drain the basin. It customizes the
skimmer for the basin it is used in and is not optional if the erosion control plan calls for a specific orifice.
use the following instructions to adjust the cutter, cut the orifice in the plug, and put the plug in the inlet. If the size
is not shown use the instructions on the next page to determine the orifice size or call us.
to cut the hole in the center of the plastic plug you removed from the inlet.
Measure the radius (1/2 of the diameter) of the required orifice from the center of the pilot hole in the plug and
the bolt with the 2 nuts on it in the pilot hole in the center of the plastic plug. Place the point of the nail on the mark
Next, insert the end of the bolt back in the pilot hole in the flat side of the plastic plug so the nail point is against the
plug. Hold the plug in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand and scour the plug. Dont try to cut
through the plug with just one turn, take several on each side. Turn the plug over and scour the other side several
times.
3.
get to the inlet:
November 14, 2007
2 Faircloth Skimmer
Put the plug into the inlet, the 2 pipe sticking through the side of the 4 pipe with the Tee attached to it. See the
picture above. Tighten the screw on the inlet enough so the point goes into the plug. Put the Phillips screwdriver
through the hole in the top of the inlet to reach this screw. Check to make sure the plug is secure.
DONT GLUE THE PLUG IN THE INLET. Doing so limits reusing the skimmer on another sediment basin that
requires a different size orifice.

Draining the sediment basin in the required time involves: #1 choosing the size skimmer needed to drain the basins
volume in the specified number of days, in this case a 2 skimmer; and #2 adjusting the flow rate through the skimmer
using a smaller orifice or hole placed in the inlet pipe. To determine the radius of this orifice divide the basins volume
by a factor (from #2 below) for the number of days to drain the basin; the result is the required area of the orifice.
Then, calculate the orifice radius using Area = r2 and solving for r, r =
( Area / 3.14) . The cutter can be adjusted
to that radius and the orifice cut in the plastic plug that fits in the inlet as described above. This procedure
customizes the skimmer for the basin it will be installed in.
1. Approximate skimmer maximum capacities based on typical draw down requirements, which can vary between
States and jurisdictions and watersheds. Draining the basin in less than 2 days is not recommended.
2" skimmer
with a 2" head
3,283
6,566
9,849
13,132
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in

2 days
3 days
4 days
because the orifice is centered and has a constant head (the distance between the center and the water surface).
An alternative method is to use the orifice equation (C = 0.59) with the head for the particular skimmer (shown
2" skimmer
1,123
2,246
3,369
4,492

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

The 1) size skimmer necessary for the sediment basin and 2) the required orifice radius and diameter for the
skimmer should be shown on the erosion control plan for each basin. Also give the basin volume and number of
days to drain; this can be helpful when the contractor orders the skimmer. During the skimmer installation the
required orifice can be cut in the plastic plug by the contractor using the supplied cutter and installed in the
skimmer using the instructions with the skimmer.
The plan review and enforcement authority may require calculations showing that the skimmer used can drain the
basin in the required time.
Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06; 11-14-2007
PO Box 757
(919) 732-1244
(919) 732-1266 Fax
fairclothskimmer.com
November 14, 2007
2inchInstr TM 11-07
4
2 Faircloth Skimmer

2 Vent
with Blue tip
4
4Sch
Sch4040
coupling
coupling 1
connection
connection
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
3 pvc float
29
2 Sch 40 SOLID pvc barrel

or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
29
Skimmer shown in
floating position
2 hose, ss clamps
2 threaded male nipple
on outlet end
3 inlet
extension
3 HEAD on center
of inlet and orifice
1. Coupling can be removed and hose attached to outlet using the threaded 2 nipple. Typical
methods used: on a metal structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom with a 2
threaded coupling or reducers; on a concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a
steel plate with a hole cut in it and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete
and bolted to the structure with sealant; grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the concrete to connect
the skimmer. It can be attached to a straight 4 sch 40 pipe through the dam but the pipe needs
to be anchored to the bottom at the connection so it is secure.
4. Inlet tapers down from a 3 maximum inlet to a 2 barrel and hose. Barrel is smaller to reduce
buoyancy and tendency to lift inlet but is sufficient for flow through inlet because of slope. The
inlet orifice can be reduced using the plug and cutter provided to control the outflow rate.
orifice inside.
3inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

You Will Need:

Details Prime and glue the 3 inlet extension (with the coupling, 2 bushing and screw on one end) into the 3"
end of the Tee on the side of the Inlet (6 horizontal tube suspended between the sides of the float with the
4 Sch 40
coupling
connection
Rope
Vent
with Blue
tip
Inlet
2 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
SUPPLIED BY USER
2 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
3 inlet
extension
If barrel is longer than 10, weight may have to be added to the inlet so it sits at the right depth.
Details Make sure the screw point is not protruding into the 2 bushing on the outlet end of the inlet extension you
glued onto the Tee.
November 14, 2007
3 Faircloth Skimmer
skimmer inlet.
through the dam. Tighten the screws just so the points go into the plastic to secure it. Greasing the pipe is
connection.
skimmer in place.
the outside of the barrel (away from the side) 2 from the float to hold the skimmer in that place. Make sure it is
9. Take a break.
November 14, 2007
3 Faircloth Skimmer
Maintenance
happen!)

Next, insert the end of the bolt back in the pilot hole in the flat side of the plastic plug so the nail point is against the
plug. Hold the plug in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand and scour the plug. Dont try to cut
through the plug with just one turn, take several on each side. Turn the plug over and scour the other side several
times.
3.
get to the inlet:
November 14, 2007
3 Faircloth Skimmer

3" skimmer
with a 3" head
9,774
19,547
29,322
39,096
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in

2 days
3 days
4 days
3" skimmer
1,382
2,765
4,146
5,528

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06; 11-14-2007
PO Box 757
(919) 732-1244
(919) 732-1266 Fax
November 14, 2007
3inchInstr TM 11-07
3 Faircloth Skimmer
4 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain Cut Sheet

2 Vent
with Orange tip
4
4Sch
Sch4040
Coupling
coupling 1
Connection
connection
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
4 pvc float
33

or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
33
Skimmer shown in
floating position
3 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end
4 inlet
extension
4 HEAD on center of
inlet and orifice
1. Coupling can be removed and hose attached to outlet using the threaded 3 nipple. Typical
methods used: on a metal structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom with a 3
threaded coupling or reducers; on a concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a
steel plate with a hole cut in it and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete
and bolted to the structure with sealant. It is possible to grout a 4 pvc pipe in a hole in the
concrete to connect the skimmer but this is less secure than other methods.
4. Inlet tapers down from 4 maximum inlet to a 3 barrel and hose. Barrel is smaller to reduce
5. Inlet is 8 pipe between the straps with slots cut in the inlet and aluminum screen door
(smaller than shown in illustration) for access to the 4 inlet and orifice inside.
4inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

You Will Need:

Details Prime and glue the 4" inlet extension (with the coupling, 3 bushing and screws on one end) into the 4"
4 Sch 40
coupling
connection
Vent
With Orange
Tip
Rope
3 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
SUPPLIED BY USER
Inlet
Door Smaller
Than Shown
3 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
4 inlet
extension
3. Put the other end of the barrel into the socket on the inlet extension and tighten the screws.
Details Make sure the screw points are not protruding into the 3 bushing on the outlet end of the inlet extension
November 14, 2007
4 Faircloth Skimmer
skimmer inlet.
6. Attach the 4 coupling on the hose to the outlet structure.
Details Make sure the screw points are not protruding into the 4" coupling on the hose and attach it to the
plastic pipe sticking out from the structure. Tighten the screws just so the points go into the plastic to secure it.
Greasing the pipe is recommended so the hose can be removed later.
connection.
hose: or 2) a more secure way, the recommended method, is to use a steel plate with a hole cut in it and 3
coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolt the plate to the structure with sealant to
make it water tight.
skimmer in place.
9. Take a break.
November 14, 2007
4 Faircloth Skimmer
Maintenance
happen!)

Next, insert the end of the bolt back in the pilot hole in the plastic plug so the nail point is against the plug. Hold the
plug in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand and scour the plug. Dont try to cut through the plug
with just one turn, take several on each side. Turn the plug over and scour the other side several times.
3.
get to the inlet:
November 14, 2007
4 Faircloth Skimmer

4" skimmer
with a 4" head
20,109
40,218
60,327
80,436
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in

2 days
3 days
4 days
4" skimmer
1,601
3,202
4,803
6,404

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06; 11-14-07
PO Box 757
(919) 732-1244
(919) 732-1266 Fax
November 14, 2007
4inchInstr TM 10-07
4
4 Faircloth Skimmer

6
4Coupling
Sch 40
INCLUDED
coupling
But
not attached
connection
2 Vent
with Silver tip
1
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
5 pvc float
40

or arm
3
SUPPLIED BY USER
40
Skimmer shown in
floating position
4 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end1
5 inlet
extension
4 HEAD on center of
inlet and orifice
1. Hose attached to outlet using the threaded 4 nipple. Typical methods used: on a metal
structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom to the side with a 4 threaded coupling
or reducers; on a concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a steel plate with a
structure with sealant.
5inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

You Will Need:

Rope
Vent with
Silver tip
Coupling
Included but
NOT attached
4 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

barrel or arm
SUPPLIED BY USER
Inlet
Door Smaller
Than Shown
4 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
5 inlet
extension
outlet structure. Tighten the screws so the points enter the pipe to secure it; they do not have to go all the way in.
4. Cut the orifice in the disk (size shown on the erosion control plans), put the disk in the adaptor, install the adaptor
over the inlet, and tighten the screw. Close the door.
November 12, 2007
5 Faircloth Skimmer
Details Refer to the erosion control plans for the orifice size. Open the door on the inlet, loosen the screw on
the adaptor on the inlet pipe, and remove the 5" disk. Follow the
instructions below for cutting the ORIFICE. Install the orifice in
the adaptor, put the adaptor over the inlet, secure it with the
screw (through the hole in the top of the inlet) and close the door
and secure it with the screw eye. If you do not know the size of
the orifice, refer to the instructions on the next page.
skimmer inlet.
bucket wide should be excavated under the skimmer to catch sediment that will settle under the skimmer.
6. Attach the 4 threaded fitting on the hose to the outlet structure.
Details The hose should be connected to the outlet structure using the 4 threaded fitting. If attaching to a
concrete structure with a hole or orifice at the bottom, use a steel plate with a hole cut in it and a 4 coupling
welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete; bolt the plate to the structure with sealant to make it water
tight. If attaching to a metal structure: 1) use a stubout on the side at the bottom with a 4 threaded female
coupling, 2) if a valve is attached to the structure use couplings and reducers down to a 4 threaded female
coupling. (You may NOT be able to do this on the inlet side of some types of slide gates; either use another
connection point or leave the slide gate off until the skimmer is removed.)
It is possible to attach the skimmer directly to a pipe through the dam (without a riser) but make sure the
connection point is properly anchored, even for a metal pipe, so it does not float or move. To attach to a plastic
pipe attach a 6" coupling with a 6 x 4 bushing, the 4 threaded, to the hose and attach it to the plastic pipe.
skimmer in place.
9. Take a break.
Maintenance
November 12, 2007
5 Faircloth Skimmer
happen!)

Purpose: cutting a smaller hole or orifice (less than 5) in the disk and installing it in the inlet reduces the flow rate
through the skimmer to match the volume of the basin and the number days to drain it. It customizes the skimmer for
the basin it is used in and is not optional if the erosion control plan calls for a specific orifice.
size or call us.
to cut the hole in the center of the plastic disk you removed from the inlet.
Next, insert the end of the bolt back in the pilot hole in the plastic disk so the nail point is against the disk. Hold the
disk in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand and scour the disk. Dont try to cut through the disk
with just one turn, take several on each side. Turn the disk over and scour the other side several times.
3.
get to the inlet:
Put the disk into the adaptor and install the adaptor over the inlet, the 5 pipe sticking through the side of the 8
pipe with the Tee attached to it. See the picture above. Tighten the screw on the adaptor enough so the point
November 12, 2007
5 Faircloth Skimmer
goes into the pipe. Put the Phillips screwdriver through the hole in the top of the inlet to reach this screw. Check to
make sure the adaptor is secure.
DONT GLUE THE DISK IN THE INLET. Doing so limits reusing the skimmer on another sediment basin that

using a smaller orifice or hole placed over the inlet pipe. To determine the radius of this orifice divide the basins
volume by a factor (from #2 below) for the number of days to drain the basin; the result is the required area of the
orifice. Then, calculate the orifice radius using Area = r2 and solving for r, r =
( Area / 3.14) . The cutter can be
adjusted to that radius and the orifice cut in the plastic disk that fits over the inlet as described above. This procedure
5" skimmer
with a 4" head
32,832
65,664
98,496
131,328
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

because the orifice is centered in the inlet and has a constant head (the distance between the center and the water
surface).
5" skimmer
1,642
3,283
4,926
6,568

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

required orifice can be cut in the plastic disk by the contractor using the supplied cutter and installed in the
Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06;11-12-07
PO Box 757
(919) 732-1244 fax (919) 732-1266
November 12, 2007
5inchInstr TM 11-07
5 Faircloth Skimmer

6
4Coupling
Sch 40
INCLUDED
coupling
but
not attached
connection
2 Vent
With White tip
And 90 elbow
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
6 pvc float
47

or arm
SUPPLIED WITH SKIMMER
47
Skimmer shown in
floating position
5 hose, ss clamps
on outlet end 1
6 inlet
extension
5 HEAD on center of
inlet and orifice
1. Hose can be attached to outlet using the threaded 5 nipple. Typical methods used: on a
metal structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom with a 5 threaded coupling or
hole and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolted to the
6inchCut TM 11-07
November 14, 2007

You Will Need:
8 feet or more of 5 Sch 40 PVC pipe SOLID that came with the skimmer

Rope
Vent White
Coupling
included but
NOT attached

or arm
SUPPLIED WITH SKIMMER
Inlet
Door Smaller
Than Shown
5 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
6 inlet
extension
2. Glue the 10 long 5 sch 40 barrel to the 5 white coupling on the hose.
Details You will need the 5 Sch 40 PVC pipe (solid, not foam core) that came with the skimmer for the barrel (or
"arm") between the float assembly and the 5 hose. The length of the pipe should be about 1.4 times the depth of
the basin so the skimmer floats properly when the basin fills with a minimum length of 8' so the skimmer can be
pulled to the side of the basin for maintenance.
outlet structure. Tighten the screws so the points enter the pipe to secure it; theyt do not have to go all the way in.
November 14, 2007
6 Skimmer
skimmer inlet.
pipe attach a 6" coupling with a 6 x 5 bushing, the 5 threaded, to the hose and attach it to the plastic pipe.
skimmer in place.
9. Take a break.
Maintenance
happen!)
November 14, 2007
6 Skimmer

size or call us.
3.
get to the inlet:
November 14, 2007
6 Skimmer

6" skimmer
with a 5" head
51,840
103,680
155,520
207,360
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

surface).
6" skimmer
1,814
3,628
5,442
7,256

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 6-7-06; 1-26-07; 11-14-07
PO Box 757
(919) 732-1244
(919) 732-1266 Fax
November 14, 2007
6inchInstr TM 11-07
6 Skimmer

2 Vent with
90 elbow
Sch 40
8 4
Coupling
coupling1
INCLUDED
Inlet
Aluminum straps
suspending inlet
8 pvc float
connection
60

or arm
3
NOT SUPPLIED
60
Skimmer shown in
floating position
8 inlet
extension
6 HEAD on center of
inlet and orifice
6 hose, clamps
on outlet end 1
1. Hose can be attached to outlet using the threaded 6 nipple. Typical methods used: on a
metal structure a steel stubout welded on the side at the bottom with a 6 threaded coupling or
hole and coupling welded to it that will fit over the hole in the concrete and bolted to the
(smaller than shown in illustration) for access to the inlet and orifice inside.
8inchCut TM 10-11
October 18, 2011

You Will Need:
8 feet, or more depending on the depth of the pond, of 6 Sch 40 PVC pipe SOLID

end of the Tee on the side of the Inlet (12" horizontal tube suspended between the sides of the float with the door).
Rope
Couplings
Included but
NOT attached

or arm
NOT SUPPLIED
Vent
Inlet
Door Smaller
Than Shown
6 hose
Skimmer shown in
floating position
8 inlet
extension
2. Glue the 6 sch 40 barrel at least 8 long to the 6 dark coupling on the hose.
Details You will need the 6 Sch 40 PVC pipe (solid, not foam core) for the barrel (or "arm") between the float
outlet structure. Tighten the screws so the points enter the pipe to secure it; they do not have to go all the way in.
November 14, 2007
8 Faircloth Skimmer
skimmer inlet.
pipe use the 8" coupling and bushings and attach it to the plastic pipe.
7. Attach the rope to the Tee, NOT the screw eye, and the other end to a stake on the side of the basin.
skimmer in place.
the outside of the barrel (away from the side or embankment) 3 from the float to hold the skimmer in that place.
Make sure it is high enough so the barrel does not float over the top when the basin fills. Posts on both sides of the
barrel are not recommended because it will prevent pulling the skimmer to the side for maintenance.
9. Take a break.
Maintenance
happen!)
November 14, 2007
8 Faircloth Skimmer

size or call us.
3.
get to the inlet:
November 14, 2007
8 Faircloth Skimmer

8" skimmer
with a 6" head
97,978
195,956
293,934
391,912
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
cubic feet in
24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

surface).
8" skimmer
1,987
3,974
5,961
7,948

24 hours
2 days
3 days
4 days

11-17-06; 11-14-07
PO Box 757
Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278
(919) 732-1244
(919) 732-1266 Fax
November 14, 2007
8inchInstr TM 11-07
8 Faircloth Skimmer
Frequently Asked Questions About the
Faircloth Skimmer
1. What is a Faircloth Skimmer and what does it do?

A Faircloth Skimmer is a surface drain that floats on top of the water in a sediment basin. The
skimmer inlet controls the rate of out flow and rises and falls as the basin fills and drains. It
releases the cleanest water in the basin from near the surface. A skimmer is used instead of the
rock and perforated riser outlets in sediment traps and basins.
2. What is so important about using a skimmer to drain a sediment basin? Why is a surface
drain better than the old methods using stone outlets or perforated risers?
The purposed of a sediment trap or basin is to capture muddy water and allow the sediment to
settle to the bottom. The old methods drain the basin from the bottom, releasing the muddiest
water in the basin. The skimmer is a surface drain that releases the cleanest water (although often
still turbid) in the basin near the surface.
The Faircloth Skimmer also controls the filling of the basin since just a trickle of water goes out
during filling, thereby capturing most of the initial runoff to fill the pond and creating conditions
where settling will occur. Then it drains the basin at a uniform rate in the required time, which
other outlets dont do and cant do because of their variable heads.
Using a pump or a siphon with a floating inlet would drain the basin from near the surface but
these methods are not automatic and have to be manually started after each rainfall. A flashboard
riser would also drain from near the surface but must be manually operated.
3. Will using a skimmer in just any sediment basin improve performance?
No, not necessarily! A surface drain will not make a hole in the ground an efficient basin. Many
other factors are involved.
4. Does the skimmer also replace the spillway in the basin?
NO! Definitely not! The skimmer only drains the basin from the crest of the overflow down to the
bottom. Its flow capacity to is too small to handle overflow so a spillway or riser or both are
needed.
5. What does the skimmer size mean?
The size of the Faircloth Skimmer, a 3 skimmer or a 4 skimmer for example, refers to the
maximum size of the water inlet pipe. It does not refer to the pipe size used for the float or the
barrel (or arm as some refer to it).
6. How do I determine the size skimmer I need? Is it a complicated calculation?
It is a simple process to choose the skimmer. You need to know the volume of the sediment basin
in cubic feet and the number of days to drain the basin. Then, look at the flow charts on this
webpage under Determining the Skimmer Size. Choose the smallest size that will drain the basins
volume in the required time. It may be necessary to reduce the flow rate further with a smaller
orifice or hole in the inlet using the plug and adjustable cutter provided. The orifice size is
calculated using the simple steps under #2 in those instructions.
Call us at (919) 732-1244 if you have questions or need help.
7. Can the inlet be adjusted to reduce the rate of flow through the skimmer?
Yes. The inlet size can be reduced using the plug and adjustable cutter included to reduce the
flow through the skimmer and customize the flow rate for the volume of the basin the skimmer is
to be used in.
8. Can the chart for sizing the orifice shown in various erosion control manuals be used to
size the Faircloth Skimmer?
NO! These charts do not take into account the variation in the head (the depth of the inlet under
water) of the different sizes of our skimmers. Use the flow charts on our webpage.
9. Can copies of the Faircloth Skimmer be made by anyone?
NO! The Faircloth Skimmer is patented, #5,820,751.
10. Why is the barrel or arm pipe between the flexible hose and the skimmer inlet smaller
than the inlet pipe?
It is smaller to reduce buoyancy when the pipe is less than full. This buoyancy tends to lift the inlet
and float upward and can reduce flow through the skimmer.
11. Does this reduce the flow rate through the inlet/orifice?
No, not appreciably. When the barrel or arm is flat or has just a slight slope the flow rate will be
just slightly constricted. Once the slope increases, say 6 to 12, the smaller pipe will carry the
flow coming through the inlet/orifice. This has been confirmed through testing.
12. How many days should it take for the sediment basin to drain?
That depends on where the sediment basin is located. In North Carolina it is 1 to 3 days. In
Pennsylvania it is 4 to 7 days. Where there are no specifications 3 days is generally
recommended.
Keep in mind that the faster the basin is to be drained, the larger (and more expensive!) the
skimmer required to do it
13. Should one or two fence posts be used to stabilize the up and down motion of the
skimmer?
Just one! This allows the skimmer to be pulled to the side of the basin for inspection or
maintenance. Using a post on both sides of the pipe prevents pulling it over.
14. What does the colored tape on the skimmer vent mean?
The color gives the size of the skimmer. Refer to the color chart for reference. These colors have
only been in use since Spring 2007.
15. Can the skimmer be reused?

Yes. As long as care is taken to disconnect the outlet end of the hose so it can be reused and the
skimmer has not been damaged through use or removal. The skimmer is made so the barrel or
arm can be disconnected from the inlet extension for moving and storage. It will probably be
necessary to calculate and use a different size orifice when the skimmer is reused in a different
basin.
Realistically, often no one is willing to get muddy disconnecting the hose, so a backhoe is used to
grab the inlet to pull it loose, which breaks the skimmer.
16. Can a skimmer that is larger than the required size (i.e. a smaller size skimmer would be
adequate or is called for on the plans) be used in a basin, say if one was being reused?
Yes, AS LONG AS the orifice is sized using the flow rate FOR THE LARGER SIZE, not the
smaller size or the size specified. For example; say the erosion control plan specifies using a 3
Faircloth Skimmer with a 2.5 diameter orifice but the contractor has a 4 on hand. The 4 could be
used AS LONG AS the flow rate through the 4 was adjusted by sizing an orifice based on the
volume of the basin, the number of days to drain the basin, and the specifications for the 4. Using
the 4 with a 2.5 orifice would not work because it would drain the basin faster because the head
on the 4 inlet is greater than the head on the 3.
17. What is included with the skimmer? Is it assembled?
The skimmer included the float, the inlet, rope, the flexible hose, the orifice plug and adjustable
cutter, and instructions. It does not include the barrel or arm because it is too long to ship by
UPS. The Sch 40 PVC pipe for the barrel is readily available at local suppliers. The exception is
the 6 skimmer which includes the 5 pipe for the barrel because it is too large to ship by UPS and
has to be shipped by truck. Glue and primer are also not provided.
The skimmer comes assembled except for a couple of pieces that must be glued on.
18. How is the skimmer attached to the sediment basin outlet?
If there is a straight pipe through the dam, usually on small ponds or traps without riser structures,
the skimmer comes with couplings to attach the flexible hose to the pipe. Couplings and adaptors
may be required if the pipe is larger than the coupling on the hose.
Where the basin has a metal outlet structure, the connection can be made to a pipe stubout on the
riser. On a concrete riser, a steel plate with an appropriate size female coupling welded on it can
be bolted and sealed over a hole through the side.
Refer to the skimmer cut sheets and instructions on this webpage for details.
19. Can the skimmer be used as a floating inlet for a pump?
It has never been tested for this use. There is concern that the inlet does not sit deep enough
under the water to prevent pulling air into the inlet that would break the prime.
A Manual for
Designing, Installing, and Maintaining
Skimmer Sediment Basins
J. W. Faircloth & Son

Post Office Box 757
T e l e p h o n e / F a x (9 1 9 ) 7 3 2 -1 2 6 6
From fairclothskimmer.com, November 2005
November 2005
Introduction and Organization of Instructions

The following is a brief outline for use the skimmer, how to size and shape the basin, how to construct the
basin and install the components, and how to maintain it. More detailed explanations and the reasoning
behind the recommendations are included in the Appendix.
Overview
The skimmer improves sediment trapping efficiency by regulating the filling and draining of the basin
better than conventional methods using perforated risers or stone.
It works best on small basins sized for the entire catchment, less than half or three quarters of an
acre (preferably less), because of the difficulty and expense of construction and maintenance, particularly
sediment removal in large basins requiring equipment (usually a dragline) that can reach into a wide basin.
The skimmer orifice has a constant head that causes the basin to fill, creating conditions for gravity
settling, and then drain slowly at a constant rate from near the surface.
If possible locate the basin outside a watercourse or stream to avoid disturbing the natural channel
(and avoiding restabilization) and reduce the drainage area to the basin and therefore the size of the basin
What the Skimmer Does

The skimmer utilizes the volume and surface area of the basin by regulating outflow from the basin so
that it fills to create a pool of water that causes gravity settling.
Conventional basins with perforated risers or stone outlets frequently do not fill because the outlets
structures do not adequately regulate the outflow; the skimmer makes the basin fill.
The skimmer drains the basin slowly over several days and at a constant rate to maximize settling.
Instead of draining the basin from the bottom, and releasing the most sediment concentrated runoff,
the skimmer releases the least polluted water from near the surface.
For the skimmer to improve basin performance, the basin must be large enough. Many sediment basins,
particularly those designed for a minimum volume per acre of disturbance instead of the total drainage
area, are too small and need larger treatment and sediment storage volumes to be effective.
November 2005
What the Skimmer DOES NOT DO

The skimmer does not increase sediment trapping efficiency in a way that allows the size of the basin to
be reduced.
Because of the increased trapping efficiency more sediment will be caught so more sediment storage
volume is often needed.
The skimmer does not overcome poor performance caused by inadequate surface area and volume,
improper shape, short circuiting, etc. that effect many sediment basins.
Where the soil type has a significant clay content the skimmer will not discharge clear outflow
because of the difficulty capturing clay particles by gravity settling alone.
Important Considerations
Each sediment basin design must consider the particular site conditions, soil type, drainage area, sediment
generated, rainfall and runoff, damage potential downstream, etc. Sound engineering and construction
practice and particularly common sense must be used in the design and construction of the basin. Design
and construction must conform to appropriate local or State requirements, and in many cases exceed them
to successfully control sediment pollution. It is advisable to request approval to use the skimmer in
advance since it is an unconventional device.
Improving sediment trapping efficiency requires additional thought and time during design and
construction. Therefore, skimmer basins may cost more. Experience is that the cost initially is usually
slightly higher, but for some larger basins the cost may be less because the riser and barrel can be
eliminated and a simpler spillway used for overflow. Some of the additional cost is because it is a
different type of device than is normally used. Experience is that after building one or two skimmer
basins it is easier and quicker for a grading contractor to build the next one.
It is important to build the skimmer basin correctly the first time. Rebuilding it or even making
corrections after the basin has filled a few times is time consuming, and therefore expensive, and working
in the mud is very unpleasant and, again, expensive.
November 2005
Some sediment basin requirements may conflict with permanent detention basin standards; if this is the
case the features needed to create an effective sediment basin must be provided during construction. At
the end of construction (when the drainage area is successfully stabilized) the basin is converted to the
permanent configuration.
November 2005
Just the Facts:

A Brief Summary of Basic Design and Construction Requirements
Following is a brief list of requirements and components. Details and explanations can be found in the
illustrations and appendix.
Use a skimmer to control filling and draining of the basin and to utilize the surface area and volume to
create conditions that will maximize sedimentation. (See page 1)
Basin size determined for the entire catchment to the basin, not just the disturbed area. (See page
10) The skimmer drains the entire basin so that sediment will dry out for removal.
Maximize surface area; shallow depth maximizes trapping efficiency and keeps sediment away from
the skimmer. (See page 10)
Make the basin twice as long as wide with the exception for small basins. (See page 10)
Excavate a shallow pit under the skimmer to catch sediment so up and down movement is not
restricted. (See illustrations)
The skimmer must settle down level so that trash does not flow under the bottom edge of the float.
(See page 11)
Outflow from the skimmer will still be turbid so dispersing the outflow into a wooded or vegetated
buffer is recommended for additional treatment. (See page 11)
Provide positive drainage through the skimmer and the pipe through the dam so ice does not form and
clog it. (See page 11)
Skimmer outlets: either a 4" Sch 40 pipe through the dam (where there is no riser) or a 4" Sch 40
connection on the riser. (See page 11)
Instead of a riser and barrel a spillway lined with fabric can be used in appropriate locations. (See
page 11)
Baffles are necessary to keep sediment away from the skimmer and to limit resuspension of
accumulated sediment; they are not optional. (See page 15)
Use common sense in baffle placement to allow sediment removal without damaging the baffles. (See
page 15)
A minimum orifice diameter of 1/2" is recommended to avoid clogging . (See Page 6)
5
November 2005
The skimmer cannot withstand being yanked around with a backhoe; use the rope to position the
skimmer or pull it out of the way to excavate under it. (See page 7)
Cutting and Installing the Orifice

The orifice must be sized for the volume of the basin it is installed in so it will drain within the desired
time. A two day drawdown time is recommended but it can more or less. The basin volume can be
obtained from the erosion and sediment control plan or estimated by measuring the dimensions and
determining the surface area of the top (the high water elevation) and the bottom, averaging the two
surface areas, then multiplying by the average depth.
Follow the instructions with the skimmer for determining the orifice required for the particular size
skimmer. A minimum diameter of 1/2" orifice is recommended to avoid clogging.
Cutting the Orifice

After determining the radius of the orifice use the tool provided to cut a hole in the plastic plug.
Measure the radius of the required orifice from the center of the pilot hole in the plug and mark it.
Loosen the bolt so it will slide in the slot; place the bolt in the pilot hole in the plastic plug; place the
point of the nail on the mark for the orifice radius; BE CAREFUL OF THE SHARP NAIL POINT!
While holding in place, remove the bolt form the hole and tighten the nut and bolt.
Next, insert the bolt in the pilot hole in the flat side of the plastic plug until the nail point contacts the
plastic.
Hold the plastic plug in one hand while turning the cutter with the other hand to scour the plastic.
Don't' try to cut through the plastic with just one turn, take several.
After scouring the flat side, remove the cutter, drive the nail slightly further through the plastic then
scour the other side. The plastic should rest on the edges of the plug.
The plug should pop out after scouring both sides even if the plastic is not entirely cut through around
the entire perimeter; if not completely cut, carefully use a knife to follow the scour line and finish cutting
through the plastic.
Remove the screw eye on the strap and open the door on the skimmer.
Place the plug into the inlet that project through the side.
Don't glue the plug on; doing so limits the possibility of installing another orifice and reusing the
skimmer in another basin.
The plug should fit tight enough to stay on, but tighten the screw slightly to hold it. After installing
the skimmer check to make sure the plug has not fallen out while moving the skimmer.
If the plug is too tight to go in place, cut a notch from the center to the outside of the plug so it will
contract slightly and go in place.
Assembling and Installing the Skimmer

Skimmer Assembly
Assemble as follows:
Insert the vent into the hole in the Tee with the long end pointing to the rear, the side with the door.
Tighten the screw to secure it.
Glue the pipe with the coupling and screw into Tee on the skimmer so the screw points up.
6
November 2005
Cut the barrel (not included, available at plumbing and hardware stores) 6' - 8' long, depending on the
length needed to pull the skimmer to the side of the basin.
Prime only one end of the PVC pipe for the barrel and the female coupling on the flexible joint. Then
glue the pipe to the coupling.
Without glue (so it can be disassembled later) slip the other end of the pipe (a little grease is
recommended) into the bushing at the outlet end of the pipe on the skimmer. Secure the pipe by tightening
the Phillips head screw so that the point goes slightly into the pipe.
Installation
Install as follows:
Lay the assembled skimmer on the bottom of the basin with the flexible joint at the inlet of the pipe
through the dam or at the connection with the riser.
Remove any dirt or mortar on the pipe and slip the 4" coupling over the pipe inlet. Tighten the two
screws so the points just pierce the side of the pipe to secure the connection.
Position the skimmer over the excavated pit in the basin.
The skimmer should settle level across the top of the pipe with the door on it, so that the debris guards
work. Otherwise, debris that accumulates around the float will flow under the float and clog the screen
when the water level drops.
Adjust the flexible joint connection if necessary, especially if the skimmer is pulled to the side and the
barrel is not aligned with the outlet pipe. The float is balanced so that the rear settles down as the last few
inches of water drain from the basin. This positions the float and guards to contain floating debris on the
outside of the float as the water level drops.
If the skimmer is not level debris can flow under the float and clog the screen and possibly the orifice.
Place a stake at the connection of the flexible joint so the backhoe operator will know the location
when excavating accumulated sediment from under the skimmer and not damage it.
After installing the skimmer check to make sure the orifice has not fallen out while moving the
skimmer.
The Rope
Tie the rope provided around the Tee between the vent and the horizontal tube.
Since it is polypropylene rope, which is slippery, use a good knot that will not come loose.
Secure the other end to a stake on the dam or side of the basin.
Put tension on the rope so the skimmer will settle into the pit after the basin drains.
If you need to lengthen the rope use one that will float. Otherwise, it may sink, be covered by
sediment, and act as an anchor to keep the skimmer from floating. (This is known this from sad
experience.)
Maintenance
Warning! The skimmer is made to withstand normal handling and the filling and draining of the
sediment basin but it cannot withstand being yanked around with a backhoe. Use the rope to carefully,
manually position the skimmer or move it out of the way of heavy equipment for excavation.
Sediment Removal
7
November 2005
Erosion control (temporary and permanent stabilization) and controlling runoff within the catchment is
essential to prevent sediment generation, prevent pollution, and reduce basin maintenance. When the
sediment storage in the basins fills maintenance is required to restore the treatment volume in order to
maintain basin efficiency.
Sediment removal is needed before sediment accumulates up to the crest of the weir in the first baffle.
Excavate the sediment from the entire basin to restore the original sediment storage volume.
When sediment accumulates around the skimmer to the point it cannot settle low enough to drain the
entire basin sediment removal is required.
Pull the skimmer to one side so the sediment underneath it can be excavated.
Excavate the entire cell formed by the baffle, not just around the skimmer.
Baffles
Make repairs if damaged, the posts are laid over, water is flowing underneath, or the fabric has fallen. If
water or sediment is escaping around the ends tie the ends into the side of the basin.
Skimmer
Trash If the skimmer is clogged with trash and there is water in the basin, usually a few jerks on the rope
to make the skimmer bob up and down will dislodge the debris and restore flow. If this does not work pull
the skimmer over to the side (it's easiest to do when the basin is partially full) and remove the debris. Also
check the orifice inside the skimmer to see if it is clogged; if so remove the debris.
Sediment Under the Skimmer If sediment accumulates to the point the skimmer cannot settle low
enough to drain the entire basin pull the skimmer over to one side and excavate the sediment with a
backhoe.
Clogged barrel or pipe through the dam. If the skimmer is clogged despite removing debris and it
appears that either the barrel between the orifice and the flexible joint or the pipe through the dam is
clogged take the following steps to clear the blockage (sediment will sometimes accumulate in the pipe).
Pull the skimmer over to the side.
Remove the pin and open the door to access the orifice.
Remove the orifice plug or cap.
Raise the inlet as high as practical.
Fill the barrel with water (use a bucket and funnel or a pump) to remove the clog using the water and
pressure.
After the obstruction is removed continue pouring water into the barrel to flush out accumulated
debris and sediment to prevent future clogging.
A plumbers snake can be used but flushing out the sediment and debris accumulation is recommended
first.
November 2005
Appendix
Components of an Effective Sediment Basin

Skimmers
The skimmer is complete except for the barrel and ready to assemble and attach to the 4" Sch 40 PVC
pipe through the dam or a connection on the riser. The barrel is provided by the user and is a section of
Sch 40 PVC pipe (solid, not foam core) of the appropriate diameter for the particular skimmer. It is
readily available from plumping suppliers or many hardware or building material outlets.
The barrel should be 6' - 8' long so the skimmer can be pulled to the side of the basin for maintenance. A
longer barrel may be needed for deep basins so the angle of the barrel is no more than 45o when the basin
fills.
The Basin
A hole in the ground does not create an effective sediment basin. The basin must be properly sized and
shaped to maximize sedimentation. See Figure 2. The basin does not have to be shaped exactly like the
illustration but incorporate the concepts.
Size the basin according to local erosion and sediment control standards. However, experience is that
many standard design procedures do not create a large enough basin. The skimmer will not overcome the
inefficiency of a basin that is too small for the size of the catchment and runoff characteristics, ignores the
soils, slopes, and sediment generated. Sizing the basin for only the disturbed area instead of the total
catchment does not provide adequate treatment volume. Ideally a basin would retain the volume of
runoff generated for the majority of the storms expected from the entire catchment after development of
the site. In Orange County, North Carolina that would be as much as 2.5" or 3" of rainfall. These are only
general recommendations.
Sediment Storage
Where only part of the drainage area is to be disturbed sediment storage is not as critical as when the
entire drainage area will be disturbed, the soil is highly erosive, and the slopes steep. Calculate the
expected sediment generated for at least 6 months and provide that additional storage volume in the
bottom of the basin. The treatment volume should be maintained by excavating accumulated sediment
when the sediment storage volume is full. The skimmer is intended to drain the entire basin so that
sediment will dry out for removal.
Surface Area
The basin should be shallow, just 3' for small basins and only 4' or 5' for the largest basins. A deep hole is
an ineffective basin. Settling efficiency is improved by the shallow depth and sediment is kept away from
the skimmer by the baffles.
Length to Width Ratio

The basin should be at least twice as long as wide with the inflow at one end and the skimmer and
overflow at the opposite end for maximum efficiency. Exception: Making small basins long and narrow
reduces the storage volume in the bottom of the basin because the side slopes form a V-shaped bottom
with little storage capacity. Therefore small basins should be constructed square or slightly rectangular
with the first baffle across the middle and the second placed halfway between the outlet and the first
baffle.
Pit Under the Skimmer

Excavate a shallow pit under the skimmer to accommodate sediment that reaches the outlet end and
settles around the skimmer. The pit allows the skimmer to settle to the bottom and drain the entire basin.
The bottom of the pit should be below the invert of the outlet pipe the skimmer is attached to.
November 2005
The pit usually holds a small amount of water that aids in keeping debris away from the skimmer that
could clog the screen and inlet.
Leveling the Skimmer

For the trash guards to work the skimmer must settle down level, as read across the top of the section of
pipe with the door. The rear of the float settles down and the front rises so that trash does not flow under
the bottom edge of the float.
Turbid Outflow
Even with the improved sediment trapping efficiency discharge from the skimmer will still be turbid and
a visible clouding will occur in clear receiving waters. Dispersing outflow from the skimmer into a
wooded or vegetated buffer is recommended before it enters a watercourse to further clarify the water. If
properly done this can be very effective.
Ice
Place a prop or support under the skimmer to maintain a positive slope on the barrel so water does not
stand in the barrel; otherwise the standing water will freeze and plug the barrel. Keeping the water
moving should prevent it from freezing even through the surface of the basin may freeze over.
Use either a metal fence post (wood will float away) laid across the top of the pit, cinder blocks on the
bottom, or a wooden support staked firmly in the ground.
Note: any of these devices will be destroyed if the pit is excavated, so the fence post may be the best
choice; it could easily be removed and replaced.
Which ever method is used, adjust the elevation to provide a slight, positive slope on the barrel.
Erecting a vertical pole on the shore to hold the rope out of the water may prevent it freezing in the ice
and rendered useless to retrieve the skimmer.
The following advice is based on limited experience with sediment ponds freezing over Orange County,
North Carolina. Since the inlet is below the surface the skimmer should continue to drain unless the ice
gets so thick it blocks the inlet. So far in Orange County the basins continued to drain and the ice was
deformed into a large bowl but the ice was at most an inch thick.
Basin Outlets
Skimmer
Use a 4" Sch 40 PVC pipe (solid, not foam core) for connecting the skimmer. The large, solid pipe is used
so it is not crushed or does not sag during installation and to maintain free flow of water. In addition,
there may be some sediment accumulation in this pipe that would reduce its capacity. Refer to Figure 3.
Spillway
Instead of conventional riprap, spillways shaped in the soil and lined with plastic tarps or wide geotextile
fabric have been used for erosion resistant linings to reduce costs. When properly installed these
spillways survived 9.5" of rain in 1996 during Hurricane Fran.
The tarp must be wide and long enough to cover the bottom and sides and extend onto the top of the dam
for anchoring with spikes. The tarp must be long enough to extend down the slope and exit onto stable
ground. The width of the tarp must be one piece, not joined or spliced; otherwise water can get under the
fabric. However, the length can be spliced if done properly.
If the length of tarp available is insufficient for the entire length multiple tarps may be used; the upper end
of the lower tarp must be anchored with spikes through the grommets; the lower edge of the upper tarp is
lapped over the upper end of the lower section at least 18". Secure the upper edge of the tarp and the sides
as shown in the illustrations. Refer to Figure 4 and 5.
10
November 2005
11
November 2005
This type of spillway can only be used where there is an appropriate location. Topography, property lines,
and other factors may require the use of a riser and barrel even in basins with small catchments.
Riser
Refer to the illustrations for the skimmer connections. Angle the stubouts as shown so the skimmer settles
in the desired locations and not on top of each other or in the way of retrieving them. Refer to Figure 6.
When metal risers are used the stubouts of appropriate diameter will have to either be welded on or a
single stubout can be attached at the bottom and fittings for additional skimmers, if required, fabricated
out of PVC pipe.
12
November 2005
Connection of Skimmer to a Temporary Masonry Riser
13
November 2005
Baffles
Purpose
Baffles improve basin efficiency by containing sediment in the upper end of the basin and preventing its
resuspension. This keeps sediment away from the skimmer so that it can settle to the bottom and
completely drain the basin.
Silt fence baffles are not intended to filter sediment; it is just a convenient, inexpensive way to construct
them. It is usually not feasible for the top of the baffle to reach the crest of the spillway due to the height
limitations of silt fence.
Baffles are not optional even when a long narrow basin is used. Besides increasing efficiency baffles are
needed to contain sediment in the upper end away from the skimmer and limit erosion and resuspension
of accumulated sediment. Tie the ends into the side of the basin; otherwise sediment flows around the
ends and short circuiting results.
Construction
Curve the baffles as shown in the illustrations and use wire reinforcing at the top of the stakes to
strengthen them.
Use woven geotextile fabric in the baffles so that water trapped in the accumulated sediment can drain out
toward the skimmer and the sediment can dry out for removal. Non-woven fabric cloggs too easily and
traps water in the sediment.
When rock in the basin prevents driving the fence posts to the required depth and shifting the locations
slightly does not work, it will be necessary to drill holes for the posts. Where a single post cannot be
driven to the required depth the reinforcing wire at the top of the posts may provide enough support.
Again, baffles are not an option. Other alternatives are to use riprap or other large rocks to form dams 18"
to 24" high that would serve as baffles. Use stone or geotextile fabric on the upstream side. This is
probably an expensive option.
Baffle Placement for Clean Out

When installing the baffles imagine where a backhoe could sit to excavate accumulated sediment and
make adjustments to the baffle locations and orientation. Use common sense and locate the baffles so the
backhoe can reach along and in between the baffles instead of over them.
For baffle construction refer to Figure 7.
14
November 2005
15
November 2005
Potential Problems and Solutions

Trash and Debris On the Screen or Orifice
Prevention: The measures described above will minimize but not totally prevent trash accumulation on
the screen in all cases. The amount of trash from a particular disturbance varies.
Solution: If trash accumulates, when the basin has water in it, usually a few strong tugs on the rope will
bounce the skimmer up and down enough to dislodge the debris and restore flow. If the orifice is clogged
it may be necessary to pull the skimmer to the side, open the door to remove the debris (or insert a thin
stick through the screen to clear it), and launch the skimmer to finish draining the basin.
Sediment Accumulating Around the Skimmer

Prevention: The basin's shallow depth and long, length together with the baffles and inflow into the
upper end, are intended to keep sediment away from the skimmer.
Solutions: Regular excavation to maintain the sediment storage volume in the upper end of the basin will
reduce the problem. When sediment does restrict skimmer movement, pull the skimmer to one side and
remove the accumulated sediment as described above.
Ice
Prevention: Provide positive drainage on the skimmer barrel and pipe through the dam as described
above.
Solutions: If it becomes clogged with ice pull the skimmer to the side to expose it to warmer air and
sunlight to thaw the barrel.
UV Radiation
Prevention: The plastic used in the skimmer is tough under most uses for a couple of years.
Solution: In coastal locations where sunlight is more intense protection may be needed using a sheet of
plywood. See Solution under Vandalism.
Vandalism
Prevention: As much as possible (taking other considerations into account) position the skimmer out in
the basin as far as possible from the banks to increase the range of projectiles and thereby decreasing the
potential for a successful hit. Do not provide projectiles (loose stones and construction exits are a
convenient source) close to the skimmer if avoidable. Experience is that the few skimmers damaged to
date were located close to the dam with several feet of elevation between the launching point and the
skimmer that increased the impact. Heavy duty pipe and fittings are used in the skimmer to minimize
damage.
Solutions: Use the rope to position the skimmer away from the dam or any embankments. Where
vandalism is anticipated (usually when there is residential neighborhood nearby) or it recurs use a sheet of
1/2" exterior plywood as a cover over the skimmer to absorb the impacts. Make it about four inches larger
that the float and cut out an elongated hole for the vent (so movement is not restricted) to protrude
through. Secure the cover to the float. If necessary remove the end rope from the dam so that the skimmer
cannot be retrieved except by authorized personnel.
Basin Drains Too Slow or Too Fast

Prevention: If the basin volume used to size the orifice is incorrect the basin will drain too fast to too
slow. During the winter the catchment to some basins (particularly wooded catchments) have a significant
flow of water from springs that can prevent draining.
16
November 2005
Solutions: Adjustments may be needed to the flow rate; this can be done my cutting another orifice either
slightly smaller or larger to adjust the rate of draining as described above under Altering Flow through the
Orifice.
Emergency Draining
Reason: The basin must be drained quickly for repairs or other reasons.
Solution: Removing the orifice and/or placing an end cap over vent will greatly increase the flow rate
(double or triple depending on the slope of the barrel) or increase the size of the orifice as described
above to increase flow.
17
November 2005
Determining the Skimmer Size

and the Required Orifice
for the
Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain
November 2007
Important note: The orifice sizing chart in the Pennsylvania Erosion
Control Manual and reproduced in the North Carolina Design Manual
DOES NOT APPLY to our skimmers. It will give the wrong size orifice
and not specify which size skimmer is required. Please use the
information below to choose the size skimmer required for the basin
volume provided and determine the orifice size required for the drawdown
time, typically 4-7 days in Pennsylvania and 3 days in North Carolina.
The size of a Faircloth Skimmer, for example a 4 skimmer, refers to the maximum diameter of
the skimmer inlet. The inlet on each of the 8 sizes offered can be reduced to adjust the flow rate
by cutting a hole or orifice in a plug using an adjustable cutter (both supplied).
Determining the skimmer size needed and the orifice for that skimmer required to drain the
sediment basins volume in the required time involves two steps: First, determining the size
skimmer required based on the volume to be drained and the number of days to drain it; and
Second, calculate the orifice size to adjust the flow rate and customize the skimmer for the
basins volume. The second step is not always necessary if the flow rate for the skimmer with
the inlet wide open equals or is close to the flow rate required for the basin volume and the
drawdown time.
Both the skimmer size and the required orifice radius for the skimmer should be shown for each
basin on the erosion and sediment control plan. Make it clear that the dimension is either the
radius or the diameter. It is also helpful to give the basin volume in case there are questions.
During the skimmer installation the required orifice can be cut in the plastic plug using the
supplied adjustable cutter and installed in the skimmer using the instructions provided.
The plan review and enforcement authority may require the calculations showing that the
skimmer used can drain the basin in the required time.
Determining the Skimmer Size

Step 1. Below are approximate skimmer maximum flow capacities based on typical draw
down requirements, which can vary between States and jurisdictions and watersheds. If one 6
skimmer does not provide enough capacity, multiple skimmers can be used to drain the basin.
For drawdown times not shown, multiply the 24-hour figure by the number of days required.
Example: A basins volume is 29,600 cubic feet and it must be drained in 3 days. A 3 skimmer
with the inlet wide open will work perfectly. (Actually, the chart below gives 29,322 cubic feet but
this is well within the accuracy of the calculations and the basins constructed volume.)
Example: A basins volume is 39,000 cubic feet and it must be drained in 3 days. The 3
skimmer is too small; a 4 skimmer has enough capacity but it is too large, so the inlet will need
November 6, 2007
to be reduced using step 2 to adjust the flow rate for the basins volume. (It needs a 3.2
diameter orifice.)
1 skimmer:
with a 1 head
1,728 cubic feet in 24 hours


2 skimmer:
with a 2 head


2 skimmer:
with a 2.5 head
Revised 11-6-07


3 skimmer:
with a 3 head


4 skimmer:
with a 4 head
Revised 11-6-07


5 skimmer:
with a 4 head


6 skimmer:
with a 5 head


8 skimmer:
with a 6 head
CUSTOM
MADE BY ORDER CALL!

Determining the Orifice

Step 2. To determine the orifice required to reduce the flow rate for the basins volume and the
number of days to drain the basin, simply use the formula volume factor (from the chart
below) for the same size skimmer chosen in the first step and the same number of days. This
calculation will give the area of the required orifice. Then calculate the orifice radius using Area
= r2 and solving for r, r = ( Area / 3.14) .The supplied cutter can be adjusted to this radius to
cut the orifice in the plug. The instructions with the plug and cutter has a ruler divided into tenths
of inches. Again, this step is not always necessary as explained above.
An alternative method is to use the orifice equation with the head for a particular skimmer
shown on the previous page and determine the orifice needed to give the required flow for the
volume and draw down time. C = 0.59 is used in this chart.
Example: A 4 skimmer is the smallest skimmer that will drain 39,000 cubic feet in 3 days but a
4 inlet will drain the basin too fast (in 1.9 days) To determine the orifice required use the factor
of 4,803 from the chart below for a 4 skimmer and a drawdown time of 3 days. 39,000 cubic
November 6, 2007
feet 4,803 = 8.12 square inches of orifice required. Calculate the orifice radius using Area =
r2 and solving for r, r = (8.12 / 3.14) and r = 1.61. As a practical matter 1.6 is about as close
as the cutter can be adjusted and the orifice cut..
Factors (in cubic feet of flow per square inch of opening through a round orifice with the head
for that skimmer and for the drawdown times shown) for determining the orifice radius for a
basins volume to be drained. This quick method works because the orifice is centered and has
a constant head (given above in Step 1).
1 skimmer:
960 to drain in 24 hours

1,920 to drain in 2 days

2 skimmer:
1,123 to drain in 24 hours


2 skimmer:
Revised 11-6-07


3 skimmer:


4 skimmer:
Revised 11-6-07
1,601 to drain in 24 hours 6,404 to drain in 4 days

5 skimmer:

6 skimmer:

8 skimmer:



Post Office Box 757
Telephone (919) 732-1244
FAX (919) 732-1266
jwfaircloth@embarqmail.com
Orifice sizing
November 6, 2007
Revised 2-2-01; 3-3-05; 2-1-07; 11-6-07
Faircloth Skimmer
Vent Colors
Skimmer Size
Color
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue
Orange
Silver
White and unique shape of vent
None; distinguished by it size
November 19, 2007
VentColors 11-07

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1 Faircloth Skimmer Cut Sheet

J. W. Faircloth & Son, Inc.

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

1 Faircloth Skimmer Cut Sheet

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

2 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain

Assembly and Installation Directions.

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

Cutting and Installing the ORIFICE in the Inlet

Determining Orifice Size

24 hours 31,170 cubic feet in 5 days

to drain the basin in

6,350 to drain the basin in 5 days

2.5 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain Cut Sheet

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 11, 2007

2 Faircloth Skimmer Cut Sheet

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

2 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain

Assembly and Installation Directions.

1 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

November 14, 2007

Cutting and Installing the ORIFICE in the Inlet

November 14, 2007

Determining Orifice Size

( Area / 3.14) . The cutter can be adjusted

24 hours 16,415 cubic feet in 5 days

to drain the basin in

5,615 to drain the basin in 5 days

3 Faircloth Skimmer Cut Sheet

2 Sch 40 SOLID pvc barrel

November 14, 2007

3 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain

Assembly and Installation Directions.

2 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

November 14, 2007

Cutting and Installing the ORIFICE in the Inlet

November 14, 2007

Determining Orifice Size

( Area / 3.14) . The cutter can be adjusted

24 hours 48,870 cubic feet in 5 days

to drain the basin in

6,910 to drain the basin in 5 days

November 14, 2007

4 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain Cut Sheet

3 Sch 40 SOLID pvc barrel

November 14, 2007

4 Faircloth Skimmer Surface Drain

Assembly and Installation Directions.

3 Sch 40 SOLID pvc

November 14, 2007

November 14, 2007

Cutting and Installing the ORIFICE in the Inlet