General: Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) P-RNAV Is The Aircraft

19 DEC 08
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
551
REQUIRED NAVIGATIONAL PERFORMANCE (RNP) AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)
GENERAL
RNP
The ICAO Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS) defines RNP as a statement of
required navigation accuracy in the horizontal plane
(lateral and longitudinal position fixing) necessary for
operation in a defined airspace. RNP types are identified by a single accuracy value, shown in the table
below. For example, the statement of RNP 1, refers to
a required navigation performance accuracy within 1
NM of the desired flight path at least 95% of the time
flying.
Table of existing and future levels of
navigation accuracy
RNP RNAV Type
RNP 1
RNP 4
B-RNAV (RNP 5)
RNP 10
RNP 12.6
RNP 20
Accuracy in the
designated airspace
1.0 NM
4.0 NM
5.0 NM
10.0 NM
12.6 NM
20.0 NM
B-RNAV (RNP 5) is a derivate of RNP 4, allowing continued operation without modification of existing route
structures and is implemented in the ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference) Airspace.
Potential application for RNP airspace includes:
a defined airspace, such as North Atlantic minimum navigation performance specifications
(MNPS) airspace.
a fixed ATS route, such as between Sydney, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand.
random track operations, such as between Hawaii
and Japan.
a volume of airspace such as a block altitude on a
specified route.
The implementation of RNP allows enhancements of
ATC system capacity and efficiency while retaining or
establishing enhanced system safety.
RNAV
RNAV is the primary means of meeting RNP requirements. RNAV operations within the RNP concept
permit flight in any airspace within prescribed accuracy tolerances, without the need to fly directly over
ground-based navigation facilities. The application of
RNAV techniques provides a number of benefits, for
example:
establishment of more direct routes reducing the
flight distances.
establishment of dual or parallel routes to accommodate a greater flow of enroute traffic.
establishment of bypass routes for high density
traffic areas.
establishment of contingency routes.
establishment of optimum locations for holding
patterns.
reduces the number of ground navigation facilities.
Navigation parameters such as distance and bearing

to a way point are computed from the aircraft position to the location of the way point. Course guidance is generally derived from the linear deviation
from the desired track of a great circle course. The
desired course may be pilot elect able or may be
determined by the navigation computer through computations based on the locations of successive way
points.
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) P-RNAV is the aircraft
and operator approval requirement that is introduced
for RNAV procedures in ECAC Terminal Airspace.
Terminal Airspace procedures that require P-RNAV
approval are designed following common principles
which ensure that procedure design and execution
are fully compatible. (RNP 1) - shall provide a 95%
containment value of 1 NM ( 1.85 km). This
level of navigation accuracy can be achieved using
DME/DME, GPS or VOR/DME. It can also be maintained for short periods using IRS (the length of time
that a particular IRS can be used to maintain P-RNAV
accuracy without external update is determined at
the time of certification.
Basic RNAV (B-RNAV) B-RNAV is the forerunner of
the RNAV programme. It was introduced to enable
capacity gains to be achieved through modifications
to the enroute structure. (RNP 5) - shall provide a
95% containment value of 5 NM ( 9.26 km). This
level is similar to that currently achieved by aircraft
without RNAV capability on ATS routes defined by a
VOR or VOR/DME, when VORs are less than 100
NM apart.
RNP AND RNAV REQUIREMENTS

For RNP and RNAV operations, operators have
the responsibility to ensure the required level accuracy, within the notified RNP/RNAV environment,
by means of appropriate equipment usage and prescribed procedures for the flight crew. It is essential
that ATC receives an indication from the operator
that a flight, planned along RNP/RNAV routes or
in a RNP/RNAV area, has the required navigation
capability.
APPROVAL AND CERTIFICATION

A fundamental requirement for the implementation of
RNP is the approval of flight operations in the various RNP type airspaces by the State of the operator.
Approval will be granted individually for each operator
and each individual aircraft type used by the operator. RNAV and FMS equipment also needs to obtain
airworthiness approval by the national authority. The
approving authority must ensure that aircraft equipment be installed and operated in a manner appropriate to the RNP type approval being sought. An
approval for a certain RNP type does not mean that
the aircraft may be operated wherever the RNP type
applies. The RNP type approval is specific to a particular type of navigation equipment and application,
and for the use of INS/IRS a time limit may apply. For
example, an aircraft, having approval for RNP 5 in the
B-RNAV airspace of Europe, using RNAV equipment
requiring input from ground based navigation facilities
such as VOR/DME may not be operated in a RNP 10
airspace where such facilities are not available.
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JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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19 DEC 08

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

REQUIRED NAVIGATIONAL PERFORMANCE (RNP) AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)

Navigation parameters such as distance and bearing

RNP AND RNAV REQUIREMENTS

APPROVAL AND CERTIFICATION

JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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