System Description: Jeppesen, 1999, 2008. All Rights Reserved

552
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
19 DEC 08
REQUIRED NAVIGATIONAL PERFORMANCE (RNP) AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)

B-RNAV CERTIFICATION AND
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
In order to comply with RNAV operational requirements, aircraft must be certified for B-RNAV operation in order to file an IFR flight plan in the B-RNAV
FIR/UIR in the ECAC airspace. See Minimum Equipment List (MEL) requirements and applicable aircraft
procedures related to navigation performance. The
JAA has published Guidance Material On Airworthiness Approval And Operational Criteria For The Use
Of Navigation Systems In European Airspace Designated For Basic RNAV Operations. The complete
P-RNAV aircraft and operator approval requirements
are set out in JAA TGL-10.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
RNP
Many different types of equipment are currently
available to meet requirements for one or more RNP
types. For example, a VOR/DME navigation system in combination with a simple RNAV computer
accepting VOR/DME input is the least sophisticated
equipment.
RNAV
Area Navigation Equipment determines aircraft position by processing data from one or more sensors.
Determination of aircraft position is dependent on
such factors as sensor availability and accuracy,
signal parameters (signal source strength, transmitted signal degradation). Position determination may
employ such inputs as :
distance measurements from two or more Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ground stations (DME-DME);
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional radio
Range with DME (VOR/DME);
Inertial systems (INS, with radio updating or limited 2 hour use after last on ground update)
LORAN C (with limitations)
Global Navigation Satellite System (with limitations).
GENERAL OPERATIONAL
LIMITATIONS
Due to the availability and integrity of the various sensor systems, and effects of from outside sources, certain operational limitations must be imposed on the
use of some types of RNAV equipment as follows:
Operational Areas operators shall define the
area(s) in which operations are intended and ensure
that equipment usage is capable of performance
within the defined standard.
Operational Equipment
INS Without an automatic radio update, INS function is limited in usage for a 2 hour period from the last
on ground position update. This can result in a degradation of accuracy with elapsed time. As a requirement, a linear decay value of 1.5 to 2 NM per hour
must be considered.
GNSS During the pre-flight planning phase, if 24

satellites (23 if baro aiding is incorporated into the
GPS installation) are projected to be operational for
the flight, then the aircraft can depart without further
action. If 23 satellites or less (22 or less if baro aiding is incorporated), are projected to be operational,
then the availability of GPS integrity (RAIM) should
be confirmed for the intended flight (route and time).
SYSTEM AVAILABILITY
Navigation systems must demonstrate an acceptably reliable continuity of function prior to approval.
National authorities may choose to rely on redundancy of systems in order to obtain an average
airborne system availability of 99.99% of flight time
for B-RNAV. Navigation function availability may be
assured by the use of the multi sensor area navigation systems which incorporate various position
fixing sensors, each of which is individually usable
for airborne area navigation. Some RNAV systems
permit the use of combinations of systems or pilot
selection of one system in preference to another,
depending on factors such as reception and weather
conditions.
Recommendations
As long as VOR/DME facilities are available, and aircraft are equipped with VOR/DME instrumentation,
the carriage of a single B-RNAV system will provide
equivalent safety to the average systems availability requirements. It is anticipated that the withdrawal
of VOR facilities will result in a requirement to carry
redundant B-RNAV systems in order to meet the average system availability requirement.
CONTINGENCY
Flight Crew Inputs Procedures shall enable
erroneous flight crew inputs to be detected before
the aircraft position accuracy can be degraded. It is
the crews responsibility to ensure that the navigation
accuracy is maintained. In particular, the following
common mistakes must be avoided:
Insertion errors Coordinates are inserted incorrectly into the system. (Particular care must be taken
in case of a new ATC clearance).
De-coupling If the pilot allows the autopilot to
become de-coupled from the equipment which he
thinks is providing steering output.
Using faulty equipment The pilot might continue
to use a navigation system which has become inaccurate.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Navigation equipment should be capable of enabling
aircraft to be navigated within the constraints of the air
traffic service to the accuracy required in a promulgated RNP type of airspace. The carriage of RNAV
equipment may be required in some regions or States
and therefore the reason why frequent reference is
made to the use of RNAV equipment.
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JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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552

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

REQUIRED NAVIGATIONAL PERFORMANCE (RNP) AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)

GNSS During the pre-flight planning phase, if 24

JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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