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    Total Stress and Effective Stress

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    Dr-Moamen Abd El Raouf
    This document discusses stress distribution in soils. It defines stress as the internal forces per unit area within a body resisting external loads. Stress is calculated as force over cross-sectional area. Stresses in soil come from geostatic or self-weight stresses due to overburden pressure, or induced stresses from external loads like foundations or vehicles. Pore water pressure is stress transmitted by water in soil pores, while effective stress is that transmitted between soil grains, accounting for pore pressure effects on shear strength. Total stress is the sum of effective stress and pore water pressure.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Total Stress and Effective Stress

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Moamen Abd El Raouf
    115 views11 pages
    This document discusses stress distribution in soils. It defines stress as the internal forces per unit area within a body resisting external loads. Stress is calculated as force over cross-sectional area. Stresses in soil come from geostatic or self-weight stresses due to overburden pressure, or induced stresses from external loads like foundations or vehicles. Pore water pressure is stress transmitted by water in soil pores, while effective stress is that transmitted between soil grains, accounting for pore pressure effects on shear strength. Total stress is the sum of effective stress and pore water pressure.

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    This document discusses stress distribution in soils. It defines stress as the internal forces per unit area within a body resisting external loads. Stress is calculated as force over cross-sectional area. Stresses in soil come from geostatic or self-weight stresses due to overburden pressure, or induced stresses from external loads like foundations or vehicles. Pore water pressure is stress transmitted by water in soil pores, while effective stress is that transmitted between soil grains, accounting for pore pressure effects on shear strength. Total stress is the sum of effective stress and pore water pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    115 views11 pages

    Total Stress and Effective Stress

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Moamen Abd El Raouf
    This document discusses stress distribution in soils. It defines stress as the internal forces per unit area within a body resisting external loads. Stress is calculated as force over cross-sectional area. Stresses in soil come from geostatic or self-weight stresses due to overburden pressure, or induced stresses from external loads like foundations or vehicles. Pore water pressure is stress transmitted by water in soil pores, while effective stress is that transmitted between soil grains, accounting for pore pressure effects on shear strength. Total stress is the sum of effective stress and pore water pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - II

    STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN SOILS

    Chapter # 02
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA

    STRESS
    When some external system of forces
    or loads act on a body, the internal
    forces equal and opposite are set up at
    various sections of the body, which
    resist the external forces. This internal
    force per unit area at any section of
    the body is known as Unit Stress or
    Simple Stress.

    = P/A
    P= Force or load acting on the body.
    A= Cross section area of the body.
    SI units is Pascal. (Pa).
    1Pa = 1N/ m2.

    SOURCES OF STRESS
    To evaluate a stress in the ground, we
    need to know the location, magnitude
    and directions of forces that causes
    them.
    So we divide these sources in to two
    broad categories;
    1.

    Geo-Static Stress

    2.

    Induced Stress

    GEOSTATIC STRESS
    Geostatic stress are some time called Body
    stress, are those occur due to the weight of
    soil above the point being evaluated.
    These stresses are caused by gravity acting
    on the soil or rock, so the direction result in
    vertical normal stress, Z.
    Such stresses are naturally present in the
    ground.
    This stress has a significant impact on the
    engineering behavior of soil.

    To compute the
    geostatic stresses
    at a point below the
    ground surface,
    consider a column
    as shown in the
    figure.
    This column
    intercepts the soil
    strata with unit
    weight 1, 2 & 3.

    So its weight is;


    W = dxdy H
    So the total geostatic stress at the bottom of
    the column is then;

    Z = w/A
    Z = dxdy H /A
    Z = H

    INDUCED STRESSES
    Induced stresses are those which are
    caused by external loads, such as
    structural foundations, vehicles or fluid
    in a storage tank.
    These are usually caused by human
    activities.

    PORE PRESURE
    This is the pressure induced in the fluid (either
    water, or vapor and water) filling the pores.
    Pore fluid is able to transmit normal stress, but
    not shear, and is therefore ineffective in
    providing the shear resistance.
    For this reason it is sometime referred as
    Normal Pressure.
    U = w h
    U = Pore water pressure (KN/m)
    w = unit weight of water (9.81 KN/m)
    h = height of water.

    EFFECTIVE STRESS ()
    This is the stress transmitted through the
    soil fabric via inter-granular contacts.
    It is this stress component that is effective in
    controlling both volume change deformation
    and the shear strength of soil since normal
    and shear stress is transmitted across grainto-grain contact.
    According to Terzaghi showed that for a
    saturated soil, effective stress may be
    defined as difference b/w Total stress and
    Pore pressure.

    = - U

    TOTAL STRESS
    The sum of effective stress and pore
    water pressure is known total stress.

    = + U

    m.irfan B-15952

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