Astm D543
Astm D543
Astm D543
1. Scope*
2. Referenced Documents
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D543 - 95 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D0543-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
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MIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, NATO Code Number 0148
MIL-L-14107 Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low Temperature
MIL-L-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines,
Synthetic Base
MIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons)
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, Grade
JP-8
2.3 U.S. Army Regulation:4
AR 70-71 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamination
Survivability of Army Material
2.4 ISO Standards:5
ISO 175 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance to Liquid
Chemicals
ISO 22088 Part 3 PlasticsDetermination of Resistance to
Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC)Bent Strip
Method
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to these practices appear in Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The limitations of the results obtained from these
practices should be recognized. The choice of types and
concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or
both, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported is
necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions
provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to
investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of
various plastics to typical chemical reagents.
5.7 Testing DevicesTesting devices for determining specific strength properties of specimens before and after submersion or strain, or both, conforming to the requirements prescribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific properties
being determined.
5. Apparatus
5.1 BalanceA balance capable of weighing accurately to
0.05 % for a test specimen weighing 100 g or less, and to 0.1 %
for a test specimen weighing over 100 g. Assurance that the
balance meets the performance requirements should be provided by frequent checks on adjustments of zero points and
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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D543 06
millilitre of 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mg
of sodium hypochlorite.
6.3.45 Sulfuric Acid (sp gr 1.84)Concentrated sulfuric
acid (H2SO4).
6.3.46 Sulfuric Acid (30 %)Slowly add 199 mL (366 g) of
H2SO4 (sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water.
6.3.47 Sulfuric Acid (3 %)Slowly add 16.6 mL (30.6 g) of
H2SO4 (sp gr 1.84) to 988 mL of water.
6.3.48 Toluene.
6.3.49 Transformer Oil, in accordance with the requirements of Specification D1040.
6.3.50 TurpentineGum spirits or steam distilled wood
turpentine in accordance with Specification D13.
6.4 Table 1 contains a list of military specifications for
various liquids intended to be representative of the main types
of liquids that may be encountered in a military service
environment. Plastics that are intended for use in such environments shall be tested for chemical resistance to the liquids
in Table 1 as applicable.
6.4.1 Army Regulation 70-71 establishes the requirement
for chemical contamination survivability of Army material
intended to withstand the hazards of a chemical warfare (CW)
environment. Decontaminating agents STB and DS2 are included in Table 1. In addition, selected CW agents (or suitable
simulants) are liquids against which it may be appropriate to
test the resistance of certain plastics.
7. Hazards
7.1 Safety precautions should be taken to avoid personal
contact, to eliminate toxic vapors, and to guard against
explosion hazards in accordance with the hazardous nature of
the particular reagents being used.
8. Sampling
8.1 For Practices A and B, Procedure I, sample in accordance with the pertinent considerations outlined in Practice
D1898.
TABLE 1 Military Specifications for Liquids Encountered in
Military Service Environments
Specification
Title
MIL-C-372
MIL-G-5572
MIL-H-5606
MIL-T-5624
MIL-H-6083
MIL-L-7808
MIL-A-11755
MIL-D-12468
MIL-L-14107
MIL-L-23699
MIL-L-46000
MIL-A-46153
MIL-F-46162
MIL-D-50030
MIL-T-83133
MIL-H-83283
8.2 For Practices A and B, Procedure II, sample in accordance with the ASTM test methods for the specific properties
to be determined.
9. Test Specimens
9.1 The type and dimensions of test specimens to be used
depend upon the form of the material and the tests to be
performed (see Note 2). At least three specimens shall be used
for each material being tested, for each reagent involved, for
each length of conditioning, and for each strain level. The test
specimens shall be as follows:
9.1.1 Molding and Extrusion MaterialsSpecimens shall
be molded to shape or cut from molded slabs as required in
9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2. The cut edges of specimens shall be made
smooth by sharp cutting, machining, or by finishing with No. 0
or finer sandpaper or emery cloth. Molding shall conform to
conditions recommended by the manufacturer of the material
(see Note 2). The shape and dimensions of specimens shall
depend upon the test to be performed and shall conform to the
following:
9.1.1.1 Weight and Dimension ChangesStandard specimens shall be in the form of disks 50.80 mm [2 in.] in diameter
and 3.175 mm [0.125 in.] in thickness molded or cut from
molded slabs. The nominal surface area of this standard disk is
45.60 cm2 [7.1 in.2].
9.1.1.2 Mechanical Property ChangesStandard tensile
specimens shall be used in accordance with the test method
prescribed in the appropriate specification for the material
being tested or by agreement among those concerned. Where
the determination of other mechanical properties is agreed
upon between the seller and the purchaser, standard specimens
prescribed in the appropriate test methods shall be used.
9.1.2 Sheet MaterialsSpecimens from sheet materials
shall be cut from a representative sample of the material (see
Note 3) in a manner depending upon the tests to be performed
and the thickness of the sheet, as follows (see 9.1.1 regarding
preparation of cut edges):
9.1.2.1 Weight and Dimension ChangesStandard specimens shall be in the form of bars 76.20 mm [3 in.] in length by
25.40 mm [1 in.] in width by the thickness of the material. The
nominal surface area of the standard bar, having a thickness of
3.175 mm [0.125 in.], is 45.16 cm2 [7.0 in.2]. Circular disk
specimens 50.80 mm [2 in.] in diameter by the thickness of the
material are permissible under mutual agreement between the
seller and the purchaser. Permissible variations in thickness of
both types of specimens are 60.18 mm [60.007 in.] for hot
molded and 60.30 mm [60.012 in.] for cold molded or cast
materials.
9.1.2.2 Mechanical Property ChangesStandard machined,
sheared, or cut tensile specimens shall be used in accordance
with the test methods prescribed in the appropriate specifications of the material to be tested, or by agreement among those
concerned (see 9.1.1.2).
NOTE 2Specimen surface area greatly affects the weight change due
to immersion in chemical reagents. Thickness influences percentage
dimension change as well as percentage change in mechanical properties.
In addition, molded specimens may not agree with specimens cut from
molded or otherwise formed sheet of a given material. Consequently,
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D543 06
comparison of materials should be made only on the basis of results
obtained from specimens of identical dimensions and like methods of
specimen preparation.
NOTE 3Molding conditions can affect the resistance of plastics to
chemical reagents. Compression moldings should be prepared in a manner
that will disburse external lubricants and result in complete fusion of the
particles. Injection molding should be accomplished in a manner that
results in a minimum of molecular orientation and thermal stress or a
controlled level of both, depending upon the condition being simulated.
NOTE 4For certain products, such as laminates, in which edge effects
are pronounced, larger coupons may be exposed from which standard
specimens can be cut after immersion for determining the effects of
reagents on mechanical properties. This may be allowed in provisions of
material specifications by mutual agreement between the seller and the
purchaser and should be reported as such.
10. Conditioning
10.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimen at 23 6
2C [73.4 6 3.6F] and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity for not
less than 40 h prior to the test in accordance with Procedure A
of Practice D618 for those tests where conditioning is required.
In case of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 1C [1.8F] and
62 % relative humidity.
10.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C [73.4 6 3.6F] and 50 6 5 %
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in these practices.
In case of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 1C [1.8F] and
62 % relative humidity.
PRACTICE AIMMERSION TEST
11. Procedure IWeight and Dimension Changes (See
Note 4 and 6.2)
11.1 Weigh each conditioned specimen separately and measure thickness at the center, length, and width, or two diameters
at right angles to each other, to the nearest 0.025 mm [0.001
in.]. In the case of laminates, edge swelling is not uncommon
under certain conditions. Consequently, it may be necessary to
measure thickness both at the center and at the edges and report
the percentage change separately for each position.
11.2 Place the specimens in appropriate containers for the
reagents being used and allow the specimens to be totally
immersed in fresh reagent for seven days in the standard
laboratory atmosphere. Suspend the specimens to avoid any
contact with the walls or bottom of the container. For specimens of thin sheeting or those having a lower density than the
reagent, it may be necessary to attach small weights such as
nichrome to prevent floating or curling. Several specimens of a
given material may be immersed in the same container
provided sufficient reagent is allowed for the total surface area
exposed and the specimens do not touch each other. For
specimens of nonextractable and relatively insoluble materials,
the quantity of reagent shall be approximately 10 mL/in.2 of
specimen surface area. For specimens that tend to dissolve or
which involve extraction of plasticizers, the quantity of reagent
shall be approximately 40 mL/in.2 of specimen surface area.
Where there is any doubt in these matters, use the higher
solvent ratio. For tests at other than room temperatures, it is
recommended that the test temperature be 50C, 70C, or other
temperatures recommended in Practice D618. It is important
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NOTE 7While tensile tests are generally more applicable and preferred for assessing mechanical property changes due to the effects of
chemical reagents, other mechanical properties may be more significant in
special cases (for example, flexural properties of rigid materials that are
not appreciably softened by the reagents under study but may be
extremely sensitive to surface attack such as crazing). Consequently, in the
use of these practices for establishing chemical resistance levels in
material or product specifications, consideration should be given to the
choice of mechanical properties that properly characterize the effects of
exposure to chemical reagents.
NOTE 8To isolate the effects of certain chemical reagents on the
mechanical properties of some plastics, it is necessary to test identical
specimens that have been immersed in water. This is especially true of
tests for determining the effects of aqueous solutions, where these may not
differ greatly from the effects of immersion in water alone. When tests are
run with a variety of aqueous solution reagents, the effects due to water
alone should be established for better comparison of results. Similar
behavior may result when tests are run at elevated temperatures, requiring
knowledge of the effects of temperature alone to properly assess the
effects due to the chemical reagents.
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20. Report
20.1 Report the following information:
20.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested including type, source, manufacturers code, form, and previous
history,
20.1.2 Method of preparing test specimen,
20.1.3 Specimen type and dimensions,
20.1.4 Method of test,
20.1.5 Conditioning procedure used,
20.1.6 Chemical reagents,
20.1.7 Stress level used,
20.1.8 Chemical agent application type (for example, immersion or wet patch),
20.1.9 Exposure temperatures,
20.1.10 Duration of exposure,
20.1.11 Mechanical properties of identical unexposed/
unstressed specimens and exposed/stressed specimens,
20.1.12 Average percentage increase or decrease in mechanical properties taking the properties of the unexposed/
unstressed specimens as 100 %,
20.1.13 Mean of the changes for the mechanical property,
20.1.14 Standard deviation of the changes for the mechanical property, and
20.1.15 Appearance changes.
21. Precision and Bias
21.1 PrecisionIt is not practical to specify precision for
these practices because of the wide differences possible in the
effects of specific reagents to different plastics.
22. Keywords
22.1 chemical reagent; dimensional changes; exposure; mechanical property changes; plastics; stress
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, D543 - 95
(01), that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2006)
(1) Updated the ISO equivalency statement in Note 1 to reflect
the similarity of Practice B and ISO 22088 Part 3.
(2) Added D5947 to Section 2, Referenced Documents.
(3) Replaced D374 in 5.2 with D5947.
(4) Revised Figure 1 to correct the strain sign from a summation to lower case epsilon.
(5) Added a Summary of changes section.
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