API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

1. 000 .
Solution: API 570-8.1.4.1
Temporary repairs should be removed and replaced with a suitable permanent repair at the next available
Maintenance opportunity. Temporary repairs may remain in place for a longer period of time only if approved
and documented by the piping engineer.

2. ASME B-16.5 Flange/Fitting ?

Solution: ASME B16.5-4
4 MARKING
4.1 General
Except as modified herein, flanges and flanged fittings shall be marked as required in MSS SP-25, except as
noted in para. 4.2.
4.2 Identification Markings
4.2.1 Name. The manufacturers name or trademark shall be applied.
4.2.2 Material. Material shall be identified in the following way:
(a) Cast flanges and flanged fittings shall be marked with the ASTM specification, grade identification symbol
(letters and numbers), and the melt number or melt identification.
(b) Plate flanges, forged flanges, and flanged fittings shall be marked with the ASTM specification number
and grade identification symbol.
(c) A manufacturer may supplement these mandatory material indications with his trade designation for the
material grade, but confusion of symbols shall be avoided.
(d) For flanges and flanged fittings manufactured from material that meets the requirements of more than
one specification or grade of a specification listed in Table 1A, see para. 4.2.8.
4.2.3 Rating Designation. The flange or flanged fitting shall be marked with the number that corresponds
to its pressure rating class designation (i.e., 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, or 2500).
4.2.4 Conformance. The designation B16 or B16.5 shall be applied to the flange or flanged fitting, preferably
located adjacent to the class designation, to indicate conformance to this Standard. The use of the prefix
ASME is optional.
4.2.5 Temperature. Temperature markings are not required on flanges or flanged fittings; however, if
marked, the temperature shall be shown with its corresponding tabulated pressure rating for the material.
4.2.6 Size. The NPS designation shall be marked on flanges and flanged fittings. Reducing flanges and
reducing flanged fittings shall be marked with the applicable NPS designations as required by paras. 3.2 and
3.3.
4.2.7 Ring Joint Flanges. The edge (periphery) of each ring joint flange shall be marked with the letter R
and the corresponding ring groove number.
4.2.8 Multiple Material Marking. Material for components that meet the requirements for more than one
specification or grade of a specification listed in Table 1A may, at the manufacturers option, be marked with
more than one of the applicable specification or grade symbols.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

3. 000 .

4. fillet weld external patch ?

Solution: API 57- 8.1.4.1, ANNEX C
If the repair area is localized (for example, pitting or pinholes) and the SMYS of the pipe is not more than
40,000 psi (275,800 kPa), and a Fitness-For-Service analysis shows it is acceptable, a temporary repair may be
made by fillet welding a properly designed split coupling or plate patch over the pitted or locally thinned area
(see 8.2.3 for design considerations and Annex C for an example). The material for the repair shall match the
base metal unless approved by the piping engineer. A fillet-welded patch shall not be installed on top of an
existing fillet-welded patch. When installing a fillet-welded patch adjacent to an existing fillet-welded patch,
the minimum distance between the toe of the fillet weld shall not be less than:

Where
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

D is the inside diameter in inches (millimeters),

t is the minimum required thickness of the fillet-welded patch in inches (millimeters).

5. PQR ?
Solution: ASME SEC. 9-QW-200.2
(a) Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). The PQR is a record of variables recorded during the welding of the
test coupons. It also contains the test results of the tested specimens. Recorded variables normally fall within a
small range of the actual variables that will be used in production welding.
(b) Contents of the PQR. The completed PQR shall document all essential and, when required, supplementary
essential variables of QW-250 through QW280 for each welding process used during the welding of the test
coupon.

6. When the MAWP is recalculated for the continued use of a piping system, what wall thickness is used?
Answer: c) actual thickness minus twice the estimated corrosion loss before the next inspection
Solution: API 570-7.2

7. Thickness measurement location (TML) readings on a piping system indicate that the corrosion rate has
increase. The inspectors most appropriate response is to:
Answer: a) recalculate the inspection interval of the system.
Solution: API 570-5.6.2

8. An external visual inspection of aboveground piping should always include:

Answer: bellows expansion joints and pipe hangers, supports
Solution: API 570-5.5.4

9. PMI ?
Solution: API 578-4.3
If the owner/user elects to prioritize piping systems for the material verification program or needs to
determine whether PMI testing is needed at all, the owner/user should consider the following.
a) Likelihood of a material mix-up during previous project and maintenance activities. A key factor is the
effectiveness of the material verification program at the time of these activities.
b) Consequences of a failure. Some factors to be considered include flammability, fire potential, toxicity,
proximity to other equipment or community, temperature, pressure, mode of failure, and size of release.
c) Reason for alloy specification (i.e. corrosion resistance or product purity).
d) Historical data relating to inadvertent material substitutions. This may be related to previous experience with
material nonconformities in the process unit or within the operating plant.

10. ?
Solution: API 570-8.2.7
Pressure tests with longer hold times and observations of pressure gauges can be substituted for
insulation stripping when the risks associated with leak under the insulation are acceptable.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

11. A piping system was installed in February 1989 with initial thickness of 0.29 thickness measured 0.20 in
August 1999 and 0.17 in February 2001. The piping retirement thickness is 0.13. The remaining life of the
component is:
Answer: b) 2 years
Solution: API 570-7.1.1
ST= 0.20-0.17/1.5= 0.02
LT= 0.29-0.17/12= 0.01
RL= 0.17-0.13/0.02= 2 years

12. API 570 ?

Solution: API 570-1.2.1
Except as provided in 1.2.2, API 570 applies to piping systems for process fluids, hydrocarbons, and similar
flammable or toxic fluid services, such as the following:
a) raw, intermediate, and finished petroleum products;
b) raw, intermediate, and finished chemical products;
c) catalyst lines;
d) hydrogen, natural gas, fuel gas, and flare systems;
e) sour water and hazardous waste streams above threshold limits, as defined by jurisdictional regulations;
f) hazardous chemicals above threshold limits, as defined by jurisdictional regulations;
g) cryogenic fluids such as: LN2, LH2, LOX, and liquid air;
h) high-pressure gases greater than 150 psig such as: GHe, GH2, GOX, GN2, and HPA.

13. Injection point ?

14. ?
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

15. 000 .
Solution: API 570-8.2.2
The repair organization shall use welders and welding procedures qualified in accordance with ASME B31.3 or
the code to which the piping was built.

16. API 570 ?

Solution: API 570-4.3.4
When inspections, repairs, or alterations are being conducted on piping systems, an authorized piping
inspector shall be responsible to the owner/user for determining that the requirements of API 570 on
inspection, examination, quality assurance and testing are met. The inspector shall be directly involved in the
inspection activities which in most cases will require field activities to ensure that procedures are followed.
The inspector is also responsible for extending the scope of the inspection (with appropriate consultation with
engineers/specialists), where justified depending upon the findings of the inspection. Where non-conformances
are discovered, the inspector is responsible for notifying the owner-user in a timely manner and making
appropriate repair or other mitigative recommendations.

17. When a piping inspector notices deformation of a pressure vessel wall in the vicinity of a pipe attachment,
which of the following is the most appropriate action to take?
Answer: c) check for piping misalignment
Solution: API 574-10.1.3.b)
Piping should be inspected for misalignment, which can be indicated by the following conditions:
a) piping dislodged from one or more supports so that its weight is not being properly distributed on the
remaining hangers or saddles;
b) the deformation of a vessel or tank wall in the vicinity of a piping attachment;
c) piping supports forced out of plumb by expansion or contraction of the piping;
d) excessive replacement or repair of bearings, impellers, and turbine wheels of centrifugal pumps,
compressors, and turbine seals to which piping is connected;
e) the shifting of a base plate, breaking of a foundation, or shearing of foundation bolts of mechanical
equipment to which piping is attached;
f) cracks in connecting flanges or the cases of pumps or turbines to which piping is attached;
g) expansion joints that are excessively deformed or not performing properly.

18. ?
Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-283-1
Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the designated hole-type
IQI image and the essential hole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display the
IQI identifying numbers and letters.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

19. 11 ?
Solution: API 570-7.1.1
ST= 0.20-0.17/1.5= 0.02
LT= 0.29-0.17/12= 0.01
RL= 0.17-trequired/0.02= 2 years

20. A piping systems carrying a flammable petroleum process can be categorized as a Class 3 system if it
contains which of the following?
Answer: a) A finished product being pumped at a remote booster station.
Solution: API 570-6.3.4.4
Services that are flammable but do not significantly vaporize when they leak and are not located in high-
activity areas are in Class 3. Services that are potentially harmful to human tissue but are located in remote
areas may be included in this class.

21. Creep cracking ?

Solution: API 574-7.4.11.2
NDE methods of detecting creep cracking include PT, MT, UT, RT, ET and alternating current field
measurement (ACFM), in-situ metallography and dimensional verification (i.e. strapping pipe diameter) are
other common practices for detection. NDE volumetric examination methods, including profile RT and UT, can
be used for detection of creep cracking. AE can be utilized to identify active creep cracking.

22. / Gate Valve ?

Solution: API 570-5.10
If gate valves are known to be or are suspected of being exposed to severe or unusual corrosion-erosion,
thickness readings should be conducted on the body between the seats, since this is an area of high
turbulence and high stress.

23. Welder performance qualification record?

Solution: ASME SEC. 9-QW-301.4, API 577-8.2
The record of Welder/Welding Operator Performance Qualification (WPQ) tests shall include the essential
variables (QW-350 or QW-360), the type of test and test results, and the ranges qualified in accordance with
QW-452 for each welder and welding operator.
The WPQ addresses all essential variables listed in QW-350 of ASME Section IX. The performance qualification
test coupon is to be welded according to the qualified WPS, and the welding is supervised and controlled by
the employer of the welder. The qualification is for the welding process used, and each different welding
process requires qualification. A change in any essential variable listed for the welding process requires the
welder to re-qualify for that process. QW-352 through QW-357 in ASME Section IX, list the essential variables
and referencing code paragraphs for different welding processes. The variable groups addressed are: joints,
base metals, filler metals, positions, gas, and electrical characteristics. The record of the WPQ test includes all
the essential variables, the type of test and test results, and the ranges qualified.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

24. CML ?
Solution: API 570-5.7.1
When ultrasonic measurements are taken above 150 F (65 C), instruments, couplants, and procedures should
be used that will result in accurate measurements at the higher temperatures. If the procedure does not
compensate for higher temperatures, measurements should be adjusted by the appropriate temperature
correction factor.

25. The owner of a newly installed piping system does not have any data on piping systems in the same or a
similar service. After the system has been put into service, when must the initial thickness measurements be
made?
Answer: b) after no more than three months of service
Solution: API 570-7.1.2 c)

26. An external visual inspection of aboveground piping should always include:

Answer: a) bellows expansion joints and piping hangers, supports
Solution: API 570-5.5.4

27. Which of the following materials requires hydrostatic testing with potable water or stem condensate?
Answer: c) 300 series stainless steel
Solution: API 570-5.8.1

28. An imperfection of a type or magnitude exceeding the acceptable criteria is known as an:
Answer: b) defect
Solution:
1) Indication: a response or evidence resulting from the application of a non-destructive evaluation technique.
2) Defect: An imperfection of a type or magnitude exceeding the acceptable criteria.
3) Discontinuity: an interruption of the typical structure of material, such as a lack of homogeneity in its
mechanical, metallurgical or physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect.
4) Imperfections: flaw or other discontinuities noted during inspection that may be subject to acceptance
criteria during an engineering and inspection analysis.

29. During radiographic examination of a weld, the wire image quality indicator shall be placed:
Answer: c) on the weld so that the length of the wire is perpendicular to the weld
Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-277.1 [c]

30. ?
Solution: API 570-8.2.3.3
Local PWHT may be substituted for 360 banding on local repairs on all materials, provided the following
precautions and requirements are applied.
a) The application is reviewed, and a procedure is developed by the piping engineer.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

b) In evaluating the suitability of a procedure, consideration shall be given to applicable factors, such as base
metal thickness, thermal gradients, material properties, changes resulting from PWHT, the need for full-
penetration welds, and surface and volumetric examinations after PWHT. Additionally, the overall and local
strains and distortions resulting from the heating of a local restrained area of the piping wall shall be
considered in developing and evaluating PWHT procedures.
c) A preheat of 300 F (150 C), or higher as specified by specific welding procedures, is maintained while
welding.
d) The required PWHT temperature shall be maintained for a distance of not less than two times the base
metal thickness measured from the weld. The PWHT temperature shall be monitored by a suitable number of
thermocouples (a minimum of two) based on the size and shape of the area being heat treated.
e) Controlled heat also shall be applied to any branch connection or other attachment within the PWHT area.
f) The PWHT is performed for code compliance and not for environmental cracking resistance.

31. Undercut?
Solution: API 577-3.1.70
A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left unfilled by weld metal.

32. New connections installed on existing piping systems shall always be:
Answer: c) designed per the applicable code
Solution: API 570-8.2.4

33. progress pluggage ?

Solution: API 574-8.2.1.3
Thermal imaging inspections may be performed for various reasons but must be done under operating
conditions. Thermal images can show pluggage and/or maldistribution of flow that can affect corrosion
mechanisms. Thermal imaging can also show wet insulation that can lead to CUI. Thermal imaging can show
breakdown of internal insulating refractory which can lead to high-temperature corrosion of the pipe wall.
Thermal imaging may show malfunctions of heat tracing which could allow unexpected damage mechanisms
to operate. For instance, tracing that is too hot may cause caustic SCC of carbon steel carrying caustic
solutions, and tracing that is too cold may allow dew-point corrosion.

34. 000 LT?

Solution: API 570-7.1.1

35. ?
Solution: API 570-9.3.6
The external condition of buried piping that is not cathodically protected should be determined by either
pigging, which can measure wall thickness, or by excavating according to the frequency given in Table 5.
Significant external corrosion detected by pigging or by other means may require excavation and evaluation
even if the piping is cathodically protected. Piping inspected periodically by excavation shall be inspected in
lengths of 6 ft to 8 ft (2.0 m to 2.5 m) at one or more locations judged to be most susceptible to corrosion.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

Excavated piping should be inspected full circumference for the type and extent of corrosion (pitting or
general) and the condition of the coating.

36. ?
Solution: API 570-5.5.8
thermography to check for hot spots in refractory lined systems

37. ?
Solution: API 570-5.12
Flanged joints that have been clamped and pumped with sealant should be checked for leakage at the bolts.
Fasteners subjected to such leakage may corrode or crack (e.g. caustic cracking). If re-pumping is
contemplated, affected fasteners should be renewed first. Flange fasteners should be examined visually for
corrosion and thread engagement. Fasteners should be fully engaged. Any fastener failing to do so is
considered acceptably engaged if the lack of complete engagement is not more than one thread.

38. / ?
Solution: API 570-5.9
The owner/user shall assess the need for and extent of application of a material verification program
consistent with API 578 addressing inadvertent material substitution in existing alloy piping systems.

39. Measurements from an inspection of a Class 3 pipe reveal an actual metal thickness of 0.35. The
calculated minimum thickness is 0.25. With a corrosion rate of 2.4mils per year, when should the next
thickness measurement inspection be scheduled?
Answer: c) 10 years
Solution:
1) RL= 0.35-0.25/0.0024= 41.6 year/2= 20.8 years
2) Class 3= 10 years

40. welder ?
Solution: ASME SEC. 9-QW-461.9
Groove: 1G, 2G, 5G, 6G, 2G & 5G, Special Positions
Fillet: 1F, 2F, 2FR, 4F, 5F, Special Positions

41. ASME SEC. 9 A number ?

Solution: ASME SEC. 9-QW-404.5
(Applicable only to ferrous metals.) A change in the chemical composition of the weld deposit from
one ANumber to any other ANumber in Table QW-442.

42. Pipe Cap Local thinning ?

 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

43. ?
Solution: API 570-9.3.7
An alternative or supplement to inspection is leak testing with liquid at a pressure at least 10 % greater than
maximum operating pressure at intervals one-half the length of those shown in Table 5 for piping not
cathodically protected and at the same intervals as shown in Table 5 for cathodically protected piping.

44. Local tinning area ?

45. Wall thick 000 000 ?

Solution:

46. insert/flush patch ?

Solution: API 570-8.1.4.2
Insert patches (flush patches) may be used to repair damaged or corroded areas if the following requirements
are met:
a) full-penetration groove welds are provided;
b) for Class 1 and Class 2 piping systems, the welds shall be 100 % radiographed or ultrasonically tested using
NDE procedures that are approved by the inspector;
c) patches may be any shape but shall have rounded corners [1 in. (25 mm) minimum radius].

47. Shop PMI program ?

Solution: API 578-7.3
Those individuals performing PMI testing should obtain and follow the PMI test procedure approved by the
owner/user. This procedure should cover the technique used, equipment calibration, the qualification
requirements of PMI test personnel, the testing methodology, and documentation requirements.
When documentation, such as drawings, is used in lieu of physical marking, the documentation should allow
the owner/user to identify which components were tested.

48. ?
Solution: API 570-6.2.2
If the service conditions of the piping system are changed, i.e. will exceed the current operating envelope (e.g.
process contents, maximum operating pressure, and the maximum and minimum operating temperature),
inspection intervals shall be established for the new service conditions.
If both the ownership and the location of the piping are changed, the piping shall be inspected before it is
reused. Also, the allowable service conditions and the inspection interval shall be established for the new
service.

49. When may temporary repairs be allowed to remain in service beyond the next maintenance opportunity?
Answer: a) when approved by a piping engineer and properly documented
Solution: API 570 8.1.4.1
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

50. 2/3 2 SBP ?

Solution: API 570-6.6.1
SBP that is secondary process piping has different minimum requirements depending upon service
classification. Class 1 secondary SBP shall be inspected to the same requirements as primary process piping.
Inspection of Class 2 and Class 3 secondary SBP is optional. SBP deadlegs (such as level bridles) in Class 2 and
Class 3 systems should be inspected where corrosion has been experienced or is anticipated.

51. Welding operator ?

Solution: ASME SEC. 9 QW-305
Each welding operator who welds under the rules of this Code shall have passed the mechanical and visual
examinations prescribed in QW-302.1 and QW-302.4, respectively. Alternatively, welding operators may be
qualified by volumetric NDE per QW-191 when making a groove weld using SMAW, SAW, GTAW, PAW, EGW,
and GMAW (except shortcircuiting mode for radiographic examination)

52. ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A is which of the following type of document?
Answer: b) a document covering NDE personnel qualifications
Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-120

53. Deadlegs in a piping system should be:

Answer: b) eliminated whenever possible
Solution: API 574-7.4.3

54. When inaccessibility prevents placing the image quality indicator(s) (IQI) manually on the source side of a
weld being radiographe, what identification is placed on the radiograph to indicate that film side IQI(s) were
used.
Answer: c) F
Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-277.1 [b]

55. Vertical supports constructed of pipe components should be checked to determine if they are filled with
water, because water inside a support may cause:
Answer: a) internal corrosion of the support
Solution: API 570-5.5.4
Vertical support dummy legs also shall be checked to confirm that they have not filled with water that is
causing external corrosion of the pressure piping or internal corrosion of the support leg.

56. Evaluation of data from the inspection of an injection point yields a remaining life of 16 years. When
should the next set of thickness measurements be performed?
Answer: a) three years
Solution: API 570-Table 2, API 570-6.3.3
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

57. ?
Solution: API 570-7.8
Results of external piping system inspections shall be documented. A narrative or checklist format is
recommended when documenting inspection results. The location of CUI inspections, either by insulation
removal or NDE, should be identified. The location may be identified by establishing a CML on the appropriate
inspection ISO or with marked-up construction ISOs and narrative reports.

58. ?
Solution: API 570-6.6.3
Threaded connections associated with machinery and subject to fatigue damage should be periodically
assessed and considered for possible renewal with a thicker wall or upgrading to welded components.
The schedule for such renewal will depend on several issues,

59. Environmental cracking noted during an in-service examination of welds should be assessed by the:
Answer: a) piping engineer
Solution: API 570-5.11
Environmental cracking shall be assessed by an engineer in accordance with API 579-1/ASME
FFS-1 and/or corrosion specialist.

60. What is the cause for rejection of the B image on a film due to excessive backscatter?
Answer: c) A light image
Solution: ASME SEC.5-T-284
If a light image of the B, as described in T-223, appears on a darker background of the radiograph,
protection from backscatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.
A dark image of the B on a lighter background is not cause for rejection.

61. Which inspection method is most appropriate for detecting external chloride stress corrosion cracking is
austenitic stainless steel piping systems?
Answer: b) Liquid penetrant
Solution: API 574-7.4.4

62. ?
Solution: API 570-5.7.1
Factors that can contribute to reduced accuracy of ultrasonic measurements include the following:
a) improper instrument calibration;
b) external coatings or scale;
c) significant surface roughness;
d) rocking of the probe (on the curved surface);
e) subsurface material flaws, such as laminations;
f) temperature effects [at temperatures above 150 F (65 C)];
g) improper resolution on the detector screens;
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

h) thicknesses of less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) for typical digital thickness gauges;
i) improper coupling of probe to the surface (too much or too little couplant).

63. WPS vertical position ?

Solution: ASME SEC. 9 QW-461.9

64. Brittle Fracture ?

Solution: API 570-5.8.3
Most brittle fractures, however, have occurred on the first application of a high stress level (the first hydrotest
or overload).
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

65. In-service UT measurements indicate thinning in the HAZ of an elbow-to-weld neck flange on a 30 vapor
line. What is the best method to determine the extent of deterioration during the next scheduled downtime?
Answer: a) internal inspection
Solution: API 570-5.5.1
Internal visual inspections are not normally performed on piping. When possible and practical, internal visual
inspections may be scheduled for systems such as large-diameter transfer lines, ducts, catalyst lines, or other
large diameter piping systems.

66. An inspection reveals that the pipe shoes on a line have moved off the primary supports and are hanging
on the beams, preventing the line from returning to its cold position. What is the most appropriate action for
the inspector to take?
Answer: a) consult a piping engineer to evaluate the stress on the pipe.
Solution: API 570-7.5

67. ?
Answer: SNT-TC-1A
Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-120
(1) SNT-TC-1A, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
(2) ANSI/ASNT CP-189, ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel

68. 000 .
Solution: API 570-8.2.6
Acceptance of a welded repair or alteration shall include NDE in accordance with the applicable code and the
owner/users specification, unless otherwise specified in API 570.

69. What is the threshold temperature above which special ultrasonic testing instruments and procedures are
recommended?
Answer: b) 150
Solution: API 570-5.7.1 f)

70. welding procedure & welder ?

Solution: API 570-8.2.2
The repair organization shall use welders and welding procedures qualified in accordance with ASME B31.3 or
the code to which the piping was built. See API 577 for guidance on welding procedures and qualifications.
The repair organization shall maintain records of welding procedures and welder performance qualifications.
These records shall be available to the inspector prior to the start of welding.

71. Arc Blow?

Solution: API 577-3.1.4
The deflection of an arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

72. RT ?
Solution: API 570-5.7.1
Radiographic profile techniques are preferred for pipe diameters of NPS 1 and smaller. Ultrasonic
thickness measurements taken on small bore pipe smaller (NPS 2 and below) may require specialized
equipment (e.g. miniature transducers and/or curved shoes as well as diameter specific calibration blocks).
Radiographic profile techniques may be used for locating areas to be measured, particularly in insulated
systems or where non-uniform or localized corrosion is suspected. Where practical, UT can then be used to
obtain the actual thickness of the areas to be recorded. Following ultrasonic readings at CMLs, proper repair of
insulation and insulation weather coating is recommended to reduce the potential for CUI. Radiographic profile
techniques, which do not require removing insulation, may be considered as an alternative

73. Surface conditions of buried pipeline paths should be visually surveyed approximately every:
Answer: a) 6 months
Solution: API 5709.3.1

74. What is the most common form of corrosion under insulation on carbon steel pipe?
Answer: b) localized corrosion
Solution: API 574 7.4.4
The two forms of CUI are localized corrosion of carbon steel and chloride SCC of austenitic stainless steels.
e) carbon steel piping systems, including ones insulated for personnel protection, operating between 10 F (
12 C) and 350 F (175 C); CUI is particularly aggressive where operating temperatures cause frequent or
continuous condensation and re-evaporation of atmospheric moisture;
h) austenitic stainless steel piping systems operating between 120 F (60 C) and 400 F (205 C) (susceptible
to chloride SCC);

75. Which of the following defines auxiliary small-bore piping (SBP)?

Answer: d) SBP associated with instruments and machinery
Solution: API 570-3.1.86, Piping that is less than or equal to NPS 2.

76. / ?
Solution: API 570 6.3.3
The owner/user or the inspector shall establish inspection intervals for thickness measurements and external
visual inspections and, where applicable, for internal and supplemental inspections.

77. 1 00, 3 000, 000 ?

Solution: API 571-6.3.3
Thickness measurements should be scheduled at intervals that do not exceed the lesser of one half the
remaining life determined from corrosion rates indicated in 7.1.1.1 or the maximum intervals recommended in
Table 2. Shorter intervals may be appropriate under certain circumstances.
1) Class 1= 5 year, LT, ST, RL= (tactual-trequired)/(LT or ST)
2) 5 years RL/2 Shorter intervals may be appropriate
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

78. PMI 0000000 .

Solution: API 578-4.2.6
When welding is conducted, one electrode or wire sample from each lot or package of alloy weld rod should
be positively identified. The remainder of the lot should be compared to the sample to verify that the
markings of the wires/electrodes are correct. Some weld rods have the alloying elements contained in the flux,
and do not meet the alloy specification until welded. PMI testing of weld metal (e.g. deposited weld metal or
undiluted weld buttons) is a permissible alternative to PMI testing of an electrode or wire sample provided it
is conducted immediately prior to welding or during the welding process.

79. ?
Answer: Arc Length
Solution: API 577-3.1.5
The distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool.

80. 1 RBI / ?
Answer: 5 years (thickness measurement, visual inspection)
Solution: API 570-6.3.2
These RBI assessments shall be reviewed and approved by a piping engineer and authorized piping
inspector at intervals not to exceed the respective limits in Table 2, or more often if warranted by process,
equipment, or consequence changes.

81. RT film density?

Solution: ASME SEC. 5-T-282.1
The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the designated hole-type IQI
adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-type IQI and the area of interest shall
be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for
radiographs made with a gamma ray source. For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each
film of the composite set shall have a minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either
single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer
readings.

82. RBI ?
Solution: API 570-6.3.3
If RBI is not being used, the interval between piping inspections shall be established and maintained using the
following criteria:
a) corrosion rate and remaining life calculations;
b) piping service classification (see 6.3.4);
c) applicable jurisdictional requirements;
d) judgment of the inspector, the piping engineer, the piping engineer supervisor, or a materials specialist,
based on operating conditions, previous inspection history, current inspection results, and conditions that may
warrant supplemental inspections covered in 5.5.6.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

The owner/user or the inspector shall establish inspection intervals for thickness measurements and external
visual inspections and, where applicable, for internal and supplemental inspections.

83. Fatigue, Creep, Stress Corrosion Crack, Brittle Fracture?

Solution: API 574-7.4.10
7.4.10 Fatigue Cracking
7.4.10.1 Fatigue cracking of piping systems can result from excessive cyclic stresses that are often well below
the static yield strength of the material. Preferred NDE methods of detecting fatigue cracking include PT,
magnetic particle examination technique (MT), and angle beam UT when inspecting from the OD for ID
cracking. Suggested locations for UT on elbows would include the 3 and 9 oclock positions.
Acoustic emission examination technique (AE) also may be used to detect the presence of cracks that are
activated by test pressures or stresses generated during the test.
7.4.11 Creep Cracking
7.4.11.1 Creep is dependent on time, temperature, and stress. Creep cracking can eventually occur at design
conditions since some piping code allowable stresses are in the creep range. Cracking is accelerated by creep/
fatigue interaction when operating conditions in the creep range are cyclic. Particular attention should be
given to areas of high stress concentration. If excessive temperatures are encountered, mechanical property
and microstructural changes in metals can also take place, which can permanently weaken equipment.
An example of where creep cracking has been experienced in the industry is in 1 1/4 Cr steels above 900 F
(482 C). NDE methods of detecting creep cracking include PT, MT, UT, RT, ET and alternating current field
measurement (ACFM), in-situ metallography and dimensional verification (i.e. strapping pipe diameter) are
other common practices for detection. NDE volumetric examination methods, including profile RT and UT, can
be used for detection of creep cracking. AE can be utilized to identify active creep cracking. T
7.4.12 Brittle Fracture
7.4.12.1 Carbon, low-alloy, and other ferritic steels can be susceptible to brittle failure at or below ambient
temperatures. Most brittle fractures have occurred on the first application of a particular stress level (that is,
the first hydrotest or overload) unless critical defects are introduced in service. The potential for a brittle
failure should be considered when pressure testing or more carefully evaluated when pressure testing
equipment pneumatically or when adding any other additional loads. Special attention should be given to low-
alloy steels (especially 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo material), because they can be prone to temper embrittlement, and to
ferritic stainless steels.

84. 000, 000, 000 , RBI

?
Solution:
Tact-Treq/CR= ?/2= ??
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

85. ?
Solution: API 574-4.2.16.5
4.2.16.5 Appearance or Morphology of Damage
a) The signature mark of a fatigue failure is a clam shell type fingerprint that has concentric rings
called beach marks emanating from the crack initiation site (Figure 4-50 and Figure 4-51). This
signature pattern results from the waves of crack propagation that occur during cycles above the
threshold loading.

86. Internal visual inspection of piping is:

Answer: d) not normally performed
Solution: API 570-5.5.1

87.

88.

89. Brittle Fracture ?

Solution: API 574-7.4.12
Carbon, low-alloy, and other ferritic steels can be susceptible to brittle failure at or below ambient
temperatures. In some cases, the refrigerating effect of vaporizing liquids such as ammonia or C2 or C3
hydrocarbons can chill the piping and promote brittle fracture in material that may not otherwise fail. Brittle
fracture usually is not a concern with relatively thin wall piping. Most brittle fractures have occurred on the first
application of a particular stress level (that is, the first hydrotest or overload) unless critical defects are
introduced in service. The potential for a brittle failure should be considered when pressure testing or more
carefully evaluated when pressure testing equipment pneumatically or when adding any other additional loads.
Special attention should be given to low-alloy steels (especially 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo material), because they can be
prone to temper embrittlement, and to ferritic stainless steels.

90. 1 t_actual 000, t_required 000, 000 ?

Solution:
1) RL= t_actual-t_required/CR= 000, 000/2= 000 year
2) Class 1= 5
3) 1), 2)
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

91. fillet welding patch ?

Solution: API 570-8.1.4.1
For temporary repairs, including on-stream, a full encirclement welded split sleeve or box-type enclosure
designed by the piping engineer may be applied over the damaged or corroded area.
Longitudinal cracks shall not be repaired in this manner unless the piping engineer has determined that
cracks would not be expected to propagate from under the sleeve.
The design of temporary enclosures and repairs shall be approved by the piping engineer.
If the repair area is localized (for example, pitting or pinholes) and the SMYS of the pipe is not more than
40,000 psi (275,800 kPa), and a Fitness-For-Service analysis shows it is acceptable, a temporary repair may be
made by fillet welding a properly designed split coupling or plate patch over the pitted or locally thinned area
(see 8.2.3 for design considerations and Annex C for an example). The material for the repair shall match the
base metal unless approved by the piping engineer. A fillet-welded patch shall not be installed on top of an
existing fillet-welded patch. When installing a fillet-welded patch adjacent to an existing fillet-welded patch,
the minimum distance between the toe of the fillet weld shall not be less than:

Where
D is the inside diameter in inches (millimeters);
t is the minimum required thickness of the fillet-welded patch in inches (millimeters).

For minor leaks, properly designed enclosures may be welded over the leak while the piping system is in-
service, provided the inspector is satisfied that adequate thickness remains in the vicinity of the weld and the
piping component can withstand welding without the likelihood of further material damage, such as from
caustic service. Temporary repairs should be removed and replaced with a suitable permanent repair at the
next available maintenance opportunity. Temporary repairs may remain in place for a longer period of time
only if approved and documented by the piping engineer.

92. The owner of a newly installed piping system does not have any data on piping systems in the same or
similar service. After the system has been put into service, when must the initial thickness measurements be
made?
Answer: b) after no more than 3 months of service
Solution: API 570-7.1.2 c)

93. ?
Solution: API 570-5.9
This material verification program should be consistent with API 578. Using risk assessment procedures,
the owner/user can make this assessment by 100 % verification, A material verification program consistent with
API 578 may include procedures for prioritization and risk ranking of piping circuits.
 API Closed Book (2011) by SC Kim

94. API 570 / ?

Solution: API 570-8.2.2
The repair organization shall maintain records of welding procedures and welder performance qualifications.
These records shall be available to the inspector prior to the start of welding.

95. ?

96. / HOLD POINT ?

Solution: API 570-8.1.2
The inspector will designate any inspection hold points required during the repair or alteration sequence.

97. MT YOKE ?
Solution: API 577-9.4.1
The yoke is placed parallel on the weld to detect discontinuities transverse to the weld.

98. Raised Face Flange ?

Solution: ASME B16.5-6.4.1
Classes 150 and 300 pipe flanges and companion flanges of fittings are regularly furnished with 2 mm (0.06
in.) raised face, which is in addition to the minimum flange thickness, tf. Classes 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500
pipe flanges and companion flanges of fittings are regularly furnished with 7 mm (0.25 in.) raised face, which is
in addition to the minimum flange thickness, tf.

99. RBI 2 000 ?

Solution:
1) Class 2= 10 years,
2) RL= 000, RE/2= 000/2
3) 1), 2)