ICC C35D: Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits

ICC C35D:
Sheath Bonding of
Multi-Conductor /
ICC Spring Meeting
Parallel Circuits
Seattle, March 2012
Cigr references with induced voltages,

IEC 60287-3-1 Standard calculations,
and EMF considerations
Frdric LESUR
Cigr Electra 128 Publication:
"Guide to the protection of specially

bonded cable systems against sheath
overvoltages"
Cigr WG B21.07, 1990
Revision of two previous Electra
publications (#28,1973 and #47, 1976)
Main contents
Types of sheath voltage limiter (SVL) in use
Use of SVL
Qualification tests for SVL
Selection of SVL
Insulation coordination
+ Appendix 2: Calculation of 50 Hz sheath
overvoltages due to system faults in a
specially bonded cable system
2 C35D (Sheath Bonding of Multi-Conductor / Parallel Circuits): Cigr, IEC and general practices
Cigr Technical Brochure 283
"Special bonding of high voltage power

cables"
Cigr WG B1.18, 2005
Convener: Ray Awad (Canada)
US Member: Mike Buckweitz
Main contents (106 pages)
Power frequency applications
o 3.1.3 (power frequency impedance model) with
methodology, structure of equation system,
complex impedance matrix
Transient overvoltage applications
Special considerations
Recommendations
Can be downloaded at www.e-cigre.org
(for free for Cigr members)
Cigr Technical Brochure 347
"Earth potential rises in specially

bonded screen systems"
Cigr TF B1.26, 2008
Convener: Eric Dorison (France)
Canada Member: Yves Rajotte
Increasing number of configurations with
underground cables inserted in overhead
line systems (siphons)
Assumption of low earth resistance at both
ends is no longer valid
Earth potential rises in case of single-phase
fault cannot be neglected
Calculation methods
Typical situations
Internal faults
Worked examples
IEC 60287-1-3 Standard
"Current sharing between parallel

single-core cables and calculation of
circulating current losses"
IEC, 2005
Scope
Normative references
Description of method
Example calculations
IEEE P575/D Draft Guide
"Draft guide for bonding shields and

sheaths of single-conductor power
cables rated 5 kV through 500 kV"
ICC C02W, work in progress
Chair: Mike Buckweitz
Annex F: Mohamed Chaaban
Shield optimization
Special bonding techniques
Sheath voltage limiters
Effect on parallel communication and control
cables
Current practice for shield/sheath standing
voltages
Calculation of induced voltages
Current and voltage distribution on cable
shields/sheaths with multiple cables per
phase
Cigr work in progress
WG B1.30 "Cable characteristics"

Technical brochure will be published in 2012
Convener: Christian Royer (Canada)
Canada Members: Yves Rajotte, Deepak Parmar (corresponding)
US Member: Thomas Wilki
Main contents
Definition of cable systems electrical characteristics
Cable system types
Formulae for cable systems electrical characteristics
Measurement techniques
Case studies
WG C4.502 "Power system technical performance issues related to the

application of long HVAC cables"
Adequate modelling of AC cable lines, more focused on transients
Double cable system model: IEEE P575/D11 figures
Figure F.1 - Example of 6 parallel cables; Figure F.2Loops formed by the

2 cables per phase shields/sheaths of the installation
shown in figure F.1
Equations and Kirchhoff's law
Ground
Phase R Phase S Phase T Sheaths
conductors
Voltages 1 p p+1 2p 2p+1 3p 3p+1 6p 6p+1 6p+q
V1 Z1,1 I1 Z1,2 I2 Z1,3 I3 Z1,4 I4 Z1,5 I5 Z1,6 I6 Z1,7 I7 Z1,8 I8 Z1,9 I9 Z1,10 I10 Z1,11 I11 Z1,12 I12 Z1,13 I13 Z1,14 I14
Ph R
Ph S
Ph T
Sheaths
Ground V13 Z13,1 I1 Z13,2 I2 Z13,3 I3 Z13,4 I4 Z13,5 I5 Z13,6 I6 Z13,7 I7 Z13,8 I8 Z13,9 I9 Z13,10 I10 Z13,11 I11 Z13,12 I12 Z13,13 I13 Z13,14 I14
conductors V14 Z14,1 I1 Z14,2 I2 Z14,3 I3 Z14,4 I4 Z14,5 I5 Z14,6 I6 Z14,7 I7 Z14,8 I8 Z14,9 I9 Z14,10 I10 Z14,11 I11 Z14,12 I12 Z14,13 I13 Z14,14 I14
Example of 6 parallel cables (2 cables per phase, p = 2)

Currents and 2 ground continuity conductors (q = 2)
IR [ ] I1 I2
IS [ ] I3 I4
IT [ ] I5 I6
[ ] I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13 I14
Methodology
Prepare the symmetric matrix

Sort the Zi,jIj for conductors connected to the same phase (RST or ABC),
sheaths and ground continuity conductors
Calculate the impedances Zi,jIj
Matrix is symmetric (mutual influence of metallic conductors, value linked to the axial
distance between metallic conductors di,j = dj,i)
Subtract two adjacent rows of same voltage drop V
Leading to Zi,jIj - Zi+1,jIj = 0
Write equations of currents of conductor loops
Ik = IR, respectively Is and IT
Write equation of currents of sheaths and grounded conductors
Ik = 0
Solve the equation system [Q]=[Z][I]
With classical matrix algebra [I]=[Z]-1[Q]
Unique solution, no iterative converging process
Calculation of impedances
General formula of mutual impedance between two metallic conductors

(i,j)
Applied to cores, shields/sheaths, ground continuity conductors, per unit length
0 0 D
Z i, j = R i, j ++ jX i, j = R i, j + + j 0 ln
8 8 2 di, j
: angular frequency of system (2f), [s-1]
0 : magnetic permeability of free space = 4.10-7, [H/m]
D : distance to earth return fictitious path by an equivalent conductor
o No need to be calculated, is eliminated by the subtraction of two adjacent rows
Self resistance Ri,i= AC resistance of conductor (i=j)
Mutual resistance Ri,j= 0 (ij)
Subtraction of two adjacent rows
D is eliminated
0 D 0 D di+1, j
X i, j X i+1, j = ln ln = 2.10 -7 ln

2 di, j 2 di+1, j
di, j
Calculation of inductances
Special cases (on the matrix diagonal)

Self inductance of the conductor
0 1 2D 0 D
Xc = ln + =
ln
2 4 d c 2 d c
dc : diameter of the conductor [mm]
: coefficient depending on the construction of the conductor, to represent the mean
radius of the core (see Table 1 in IEC 60287-1-3 + annex for hollow cores)
Self inductance of the sheath
0 D
Xs = ln ds = ds(inner) .ds(outer)
2 ds
ds : mean diameter of the shield/sheath [mm]
Self inductance of the ground continuity conductor
Same expression for Xg than for Xc with dg instead of dc
Mutual impedance between conductor and shield of the same cable
Involves mean distance between core and sheath
Same expression for Xi,j than for Xs with mean diameter of sheath ds
Calculation of loss factor
IEC 60287-1-3 Standard
IEC 60287-1-3 example 1
More digits to check your own calculation tool

Results: magnitude (A) and angle of currents I, and sheath loss factor 'p
1) (x,y) = 0.0000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 0.00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 28.7177 (A) / -138.79 lambda1 = 2.0362
2) (x,y) = 0.2000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / -120.00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 25.2974 (A) / 121.16 lambda1 = 1.5800
3) (x,y) = 0.4000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 120.00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 34.8026 (A) / -4.50 lambda1 = 2.9905
4) (x,y) = 0.6000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 120.00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 34.8026 (A) / -4.50 lambda1 = 2.9905
5) (x,y) = 0.8000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / -120.00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 25.2974 (A) / 121.16 lambda1 = 1.5800
6) (x,y) = 1.0000 ; -1.0000 ; Icalc -> 50.0000 (A) / 0.00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 28.7177 (A) / -138.79 lambda1 = 2.0362
1,00
Laying depth = 1.0 m

Axial distance between conductors = 0.20 m
-1 0 1 2 3
-1,00
IEC 60287-1-3 Results
50
T1,T2
40
30
S1s, S2s 20
1,00
10 Laying depth = 1.0 m

R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
T1s, T2s
-10
-1,00
R1s, R2s -20
-30
-40
S1, S2
-50
Influence of phase rotation (example 1 rotation reversed)

1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 34,3695 (A) / -122,59 lambda1 = 2,9165
2) (x,y) = 0,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 24,4600 (A) / -0,91 lambda1 = 1,4772
3) (x,y) = 0,4000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 29,9388 (A) / 101,45 lambda1 = 2,2130
4) (x,y) = 0,6000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 29,9388 (A) / 101,45 lambda1 = 2,2130
5) (x,y) = 0,8000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 24,4600 (A) / -0,91 lambda1 = 1,4772
6) (x,y) = 1,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 34,3695 (A) / -122,59 lambda1 = 2,9165
1,00

-1 0 1 2 3
Same data as example 1,
phase rotation has been reversed
-1,00
50
S1, S2
40
T1s, T2s
30
20
1,00
10 Laying depth = 1.0 m

R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
S1s, S2s Same data as example 1,
-10 phase rotation has been reversed
-1,00
-20
R1s, R2s -30
-40
T1,T2
-50
Trefoil formation leads to balanced currents

1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 13,7617 (A) / 134,48 lambda1 = 0,4676
2) (x,y) = 0,0300 ; -0,9480 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 13,8587 (A) / -107,03 lambda1 = 0,4742
3) (x,y) = 0,0600 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 14,1229 (A) / 14,06 lambda1 = 0,4925
4) (x,y) = 0,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 120,00 ph[2]
Icalc -> 14,1229 (A) / 14,06 lambda1 = 0,4925
5) (x,y) = 0,2300 ; -0,9480 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / 0,00 ph[0]
Icalc -> 13,8587 (A) / -107,03 lambda1 = 0,4742
6) (x,y) = 0,2600 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,0000 (A) / -120,00 ph[1]
Icalc -> 13,7617 (A) / 134,48 lambda1 = 0,4676
1,00
Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m

-1 0 1 2 3
Trefoil formation
-0,98
50
T1,T2
40
30
20
1,00
S1s, S2s 10 Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m

T1s, T2s Axial distance between conductors = 0.06 m
R1, R2
0
-1 0 1 2 3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Trefoil formation
-10
R1s, R2s
-0,98
-20
-30
-40
S1, S2
-50
Conductors of one phase placed together (flat as example 1)

1) (x,y) = 0,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 46,3082 (A) / 1,13 ph[0]
Icalc -> 38,3598 (A) / -149,88 lambda1 = 4,2354 current sharing
2) (x,y) = 0,8000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 44,5950 (A) / -124,53 ph[1] between phase
Icalc -> 37,4186 (A) / 105,13 lambda1 = 4,3457 conductors is not equal,
3) (x,y) = 1,6000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 50,7573 (A) / 115,11 ph[2]
Icalc -> 43,7042 (A) / -20,53 lambda1 = 4,5762 sheath losses for this
4) (x,y) = 0,4000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 53,7086 (A) / -0,98 ph[0] cable arrangement are
Icalc -> 36,4617 (A) / -150,17 lambda1 = 2,8448 very high,
5) (x,y) = 1,2000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 55,6564 (A) / -116,37 ph[1]
Icalc -> 34,8476 (A) / 101,88 lambda1 = 2,4198 This arrangement
6) (x,y) = 2,0000 ; -1,0000 ; Icalc -> 49,6166 (A) / 125,00 ph[2] must be avoided
Icalc -> 44,4178 (A) / -23,21 lambda1 = 4,9468
1,00

0 1 2 3 4
Same geometry as example 1,
Conductors of one phase placed together
-1,00
current sharing
between phase
conductors is not equal,
60
sheath losses for this

T1 cable arrangement are
very high,
T2 S1s 40
S2s This arrangement
must be avoided
20 1,00

R1
0
0 1 2 3 4
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 R2 60
Same geometry as example 1,
Conductors of one phase placed together
R2s T1s
-20 -1,00
R1s T2s
S1
-40
S2
-60
EMF mitigation technique: shields/sheaths make a
passive loop to compensate the magnetic field
Example 1 of IEC 60287-1-3
Shielding factor SF = 1.44
Electrom agnetic Field 50 Hz

0,5
0,45 Laying depth = 1.0 m

0,4
MF calculated 1 m above ground surface,
0,35 with (red) and without (blue) solid bonding,
Max Field rms (T)
I = 50 A in each cable
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
x-distance from axis power line (m)
Work in progress
Features IEC 60287-1-3 Current tool
number of circuits in
2 n1
parallel
multiple of 3
number of phases 3 (RST or ABC) (possibility of
independent circuits)
number of ground
0 q0
continuity conductors
3 and 2-phase circuits
no
mixed in parallel
single bonding
other grounding mode (calculation of induced
no
than solid bonding voltages)
coupling with EMF

no yes
calculations
Further work for next ICC Meeting
ICC Fall Meeting in Saint Pete (FL), November 2012

Presentation of new case studies
Parallel independent circuits (connected to different busbars with different current
ratings)
Single bonded circuits and calculation of induced voltages
Call for worked examples!

Send to frederic.lesur@rte-france.com
Future prospects
Transposed conductors
Crossbonded shields/sheaths
Transposed ground continuity conductors

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ICC C35D:

Cigr references with induced voltages,

"Guide to the protection of specially

"Special bonding of high voltage power

"Earth potential rises in specially

"Current sharing between parallel

"Draft guide for bonding shields and

WG B1.30 "Cable characteristics"

WG C4.502 "Power system technical performance issues related to the

Figure F.1 - Example of 6 parallel cables; Figure F.2Loops formed by the

Example of 6 parallel cables (2 cables per phase, p = 2)

[ ] I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13 I14

Prepare the symmetric matrix

General formula of mutual impedance between two metallic conductors

Special cases (on the matrix diagonal)

IEC 60287-1-3 Standard

More digits to check your own calculation tool

Laying depth = 1.0 m

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

10 Laying depth = 1.0 m

Influence of phase rotation (example 1 rotation reversed)

Laying depth = 1.0 m

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

10 Laying depth = 1.0 m

R1s, R2s -30

Trefoil formation leads to balanced currents

Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

S1s, S2s 10 Bottom trench laying depth = 1.0 m

Conductors of one phase placed together (flat as example 1)

Laying depth = 1.0 m

IEC 60287-1-3 Results

sheath losses for this

Laying depth = 1.0 m

Electrom agnetic Field 50 Hz

0,45 Laying depth = 1.0 m

coupling with EMF

ICC Fall Meeting in Saint Pete (FL), November 2012

Call for worked examples!

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