L296

® L296P

HIGH CURRENT SWITCHING REGULATORS

.. 4 A OUTPUT CURRENT

.. 5.1 V TO 40 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

0 TO 100 % DUTY CYCLE RANGE

.. PRECISE (±2 %) ON-CHIP REFERENCE

SWITCHING FREQUENCY UP TO 200 KHz

.. VERY HIGH EFFICIENCY (UP TO 90 %)

VERY FEW EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

.. SOFT START
RESET OUTPUT
EXTERNAL PROGRAMMABLE LIMITING
Multiwatt 
(15 lead)

.. CURRENT (L296P)
CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR CROWBAR SCR
INPUT FOR REMOTE INHIBIT AND
ORDERING NUMBERS :
L296 (Vertical) L296HT (Horizontal)

. SYNCHRONUS PWM
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
L296P (Vertical) L296PHT (Horizontal)

DESCRIPTION
The L296 and L296P are stepdown power switching The L296 and L296P are mounted in a 15-lead Mul-
regulators delivering 4 A at a voltage variable from tiwatt plastic power package and requires very few
5.1 V to 40 V. external components.
Features of the devices include soft start, remote in- Efficient operation at switching frequencies up to
hibit, thermal protection, a reset output for micro- 200 KHz allows a reduction in the size and cost of
processors and a PWM comparator input for syn- external filter components. A voltage sense input
chronization in multichip configurations. and SCR drive output are provided for optional
The L296P incudes external programmable limiting crowbar overvoltage protection with an external
current. SCR.

PIN CONNECTION (top view)

June 2000 1/22

L296 - L296P

PIN FUNCTIONS
N° Name Function
1 CROWBAR INPUT Voltage Sense Input for Crowbar Overvoltage Protection. Normally connected to the
feedback input thus triggering the SCR when V out exceeds nominal by 20 %. May
also monitor the input and a voltage divider can be added to increase the threshold.
Connected to ground when SCR not used.
2 OUTPUT Regulator Output
3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE Unrergulated Voltage Input. An internal Regulator Powers the L296s Internal Logic.
4 CURRENT LIMIT A resistor connected between this terminal and ground sets the current limiter
threshold. If this terminal is left unconnected the threshold is internally set (see
electrical characteristics).
5 SOFT START Soft Start Time Constant. A capacitor is connected between this terminal and ground
to define the soft start time constant. This capacitor also determines the average
short circuit output current.
6 INHIBIT INPUT TTL – Level Remote Inhibit. A logic high level on this input disables the device.
7 SYNC INPUT Multiple L296s are synchronized by connecting the pin 7 inputs together and omitting
the oscillator RC network on all but one device.
8 GROUND Common Ground Terminal
9 FREQUENCY A series RC network connected between this terminal and ground determines the
COMPENSATION regulation loop gain characteristics.
10 FEEDBACK INPUT The Feedback Terminal on the Regulation Loop. The output is connected directly to
this terminal for 5.1V operation ; it is connected via a divider for higher voltages.
11 OSCILLATOR A parallel RC networki connected to this terminal determines the switching frequency.
This pin must be connected to pin 7 input when the internal oscillator is used.
12 RESET INPUT Input of the Reset Circuit. The threshold is roughly 5 V. It may be connected to the
feedback point or via a divider to the input.
13 RESET DELAY A capacitor connected between this terminal and ground determines the reset signal
delay time.
14 RESET OUTPUT Open collector reset signal output. This output is high when the supply is safe.
15 CROWBAR OUTPUT SCR gate drive output of the crowbar circuit.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 L296 - L296P

CIRCUIT OPERATION 0.4V. The output stage is thus re-enabled and the
(refer to the block diagram) output voltage rises under control of the soft start
network. If the overload condition is still present the
The L296 and L296P are monolithic stepdown
limiter will trigger again when the threshold current
switching regulators providing output voltages from
is reached. The average short circuit current is lim-
5.1V to 40V and delivering 4A.
ited to a safe value by the dead time introduced by
The regulation loop consists of a sawtooth oscillator, the soft start network.
error amplifier, comparator and the output stage. An
The reset circuit generates an output signal when
error signal is produced by comparing the output
the supply voltage exceeds a threshold pro-
voltage with a precise 5.1V on-chip reference (zener
grammed by an external divider. The reset signal is
zap trimmed to ± 2 %). This error signal is then com-
generated with a delay time programmed by an ex-
pared with the sawtooth signal to generate the fixed
ternal capacitor. When the supply falls below the
frequency pulse width modulated pulses which drive
threshold the reset output goes low immediately.
the output stage. The gain and frequency stability of
The reset output is an open collector.
the loop can be adjusted by an external RC network
connected to pin 9. Closing the loop directly gives an The scrowbar circuit senses the output voltage and
output voltage of 5.1V. Higher voltages are obtained the crowbar output can provide a current of 100mA
by inserting a voltage divider. to switch on an external SCR. This SCR is triggered
Output overcurrents at switch on are prevented by when the output voltage exceeds the nominal by
the soft start function. The error amplifier output is 20%. There is no internal connection between the
initially clamped by the external capacitor Css and output and crowbar sense input therefore the crow-
allowed to rise, linearly, as this capacitor is charged bar can monitor either the input or the output.
by a constant current source. A TTL - level inhibit input is provided for applications
Output overload protection is provided in the form of such as remote on/off control. This input is activated
a current limiter. The load current is sensed by an by high logic level and disables circuit operation. Af-
internal metal resistor connected to a comparator. ter an inhibit the L296 restarts under control of the
When the load current exceeds a preset threshold soft start network.
this comparator sets a flip flop which disables the The thermal overload circuit disables circuit opera-
output stage and discharges the soft start capacitor. tion when the junction temperature reaches about
A second comparator resets the flip flop when the 150 °C and has hysteresis to prevent unstable con-
voltage across the soft start capacitor has fallen to ditions.
Figure 1 : Reset Output Waveforms

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L296 - L296P

Figure 2 : Soft Start Waveforms

Figure 3 : Current Limiter Waveforms

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Vi Input Voltage (pin 3) 50 V
Vi – V2 Input to Output Voltage Difference 50 V
V2 Output DC Voltage –1 V
Output Peak Voltage at t = 0.1 µsec f = 200KHz –7 V
V1, V12 Voltage at Pins 1, 12 10 V
V15 Voltage at Pin 15 15 V
V4, V5, V7, V9, V13 Voltage at Pins 4, 5, 7, 9 and 13 5.5 V
V10, V6 Voltage at Pins 10 and 6 7 V
V14 Voltage at Pin 14 (I14 ≤ 1 mA) Vi
I9 Pin 9 Sink Current 1 mA
I11 Pin 11 Source Current 20 mA
I14 Pin 14 Sink Current (V14 < 5 V) 50 mA
Ptot Power Dissipation at Tcase ≤ 90 °C 20 W
Tj, Tstg Junction and Storage Temperature – 40 to 150 °C

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 L296 - L296P

THERMAL DATA
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Rth j-case Thermal Resistance Junction-case Max. 3 °C/W
Rth j-amb Thermal Resistance Junction-ambient Max. 35 °C/W

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(refer to the test circuits Tj = 25oC, Vi = 35V, unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Fig.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS (pin 6 to GND unless otherwise specified)
Vo Output Voltage Range Vi = 46V, Io = 1A Vref 40 V 4
Vi Input Voltage Range Vo = Vref to 36V, Io ≤ 3A 9 46 V 4
Vi Input Voltage Range Note (1), Vo = VREF to 36V Io = 4A 46 V 4
∆Vo Line Regulation Vi =10V to 40V, Vo = Vref, Io = 2A 15 50 mV 4
∆Vo Load Regulation Vo = Vref mV 4
Io = 2A to 4A 10 30
Io = 0.5A to 4A 15 45
Vref Internal Reference Voltage (pin 10) Vi = 9V to 46V, Io = 2A 5 5.1 5.2 V 4
∆ Vref Average Temperature Coefficient Tj = 0°C to 125°C, Io = 2A 0.4 mV/°C
∆T of Reference Voltage
Vd Dropout Voltage Between Pin 2 Io = 4A 2 3.2 V 4
and Pin 3 Io = 2A 1.3 2.1 V 4
I2L Current Limiting Threshold (pin 2) L296 - Pin 4 Open, 4.5 7.5 A 4
Vi = 9V to 40V, Vo = Vref to 36V
L296P - Vi = 9V to 40V, Vo = Vref A 4
Pin 4 Open 5 7
RIim = 22kΩ 2.5 4.5
ISH Input Average Current Vi = 46V, Output Short-circuited 60 100 mA 4
η Efficiency Io = 3 A % 4
Vo = Vref 75
Vo = 12V 85
SVR Supply Voltage Ripple Rejection ∆Vi = 2 Vrms, fripple = 100Hz 50 56 dB 4
Vo = Vref, Io = 2A
f Switching Frequency 85 100 115 kHz 4
∆f Voltage Stability of Switching Vi = 9V to 46V 0.5 % 4
∆ Vi Frequency
∆f Temperature Stability of Switching Tj = 0°C to 125°C 1 % 4
∆ Tj Frequency
fmax Maximum Operating Switching Vo = Vref, Io = 1A 200 kHz –
Frequency
Tsd Thermal Shutdown Junction Note (2) 135 145 °C –
Temperature
DC CHARACTERISTICS
I3Q Quiescent Drain Current Vi = 46V, V7 = 0V, S1 : B, S2 : B mA
V6 = 0V 66 85
V6 = 3V 30 40
– I2L Output Leakage Current Vi = 46V, V6 = 3V, S1 : B, S2 : A, 2 mA
V7 = 0V

Note (1) : Using min. 7 A schottky diode.

(2) : Guaranteed by design, not 100 % tested in production.

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L296 - L296P

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Fig.
SOFT START
I5 so Source Current V6 = 0V, V5 = 3V 80 130 150 µA 6b
I5 si Sink Current V6 = 3V, V5 = 3V 50 70 120 µA 6b
INHIBIT
Input Voltage Vi = 9V to 46V, V7 = 0V, V 6a
V6L Low Level S1 : B, S2 : B – 0.3 0.8
V6H High Level 2 5.5
Input Current Vi = 9V to 46V, V7 = 0V, µA 6a
with Input Voltage S1 : B, S2 : B
– I6L Low Level V6 = 0.8V 10
– I6H High Level V6 = 2V 3
ERROR AMPLIFIER
V9H High Level Output Voltage V10 = 4.7V, I9 = 100µA, 3.5 V 6c
S1 : A, S2 : A
V9L Low Level Output Voltage V10 = 5.3V, I9 = 100µA, 0.5 V 6c
S1 : A, S2 : E
I9 si Sink Output Current V10 = 5.3V, S1 : A, S2 : B 100 150 µA 6c
– I9 so Source Output Current V10 = 4.7V, S1 : A, S2 : D 100 150 µA 6c
I10 Input Bias Current V10 = 5.2V, S1 : B 2 10 µA 6c
V10 = 6.4V, S1 : B, L296P 2 10 µA 6c
Gv DC Open Loop Gain V9 = 1V to 3V, S1 : A, S2 : C 46 55 dB 6c
OSCILLATOR AND PWM COMPARATOR
– I7 Input Bias Current of V7 = 0.5V to 3.5V 5 µA 6a
PWM Comparator
– I11 Oscillator Source Current V11 = 2V, S1 : A, S2 : B 5 mA
RESET
V12 R Rising Threshold Voltage Vref Vref Vref V 6d
Vi = 9V to 46V, -150mV -100mV -50mV
V12 F Falling Threshold Voltage S1 : B, S2 : B 4.75 Vref Vref V 6d
-150mV -100mV
V13 D Delay Thershold Voltage 4.3 4.5 4.7 V 6d
V13 H Delay Threshold Voltage V12 = 5.3V, S1 : A, S2 : B 100 mV 6d
Hysteresis
V14 S Output Saturation Voltage I14 = 16mA, V12 = 4.7V, S1, S2 : B 0.4 V 6d
I12 Input Bias Current V12 = 0V to Vref, S1 : B, S2 : B 1 3 µA 6d
V13 = 3V, S1 : A, S2 : B 6d
– I13 so Delay Source Current V12 = 5.3V 70 110 140 µA
I13 si Delay Sink Current V12 = 4.7V 10 mA
I14 Output Leakage Current Vi = 46V, V12 = 5.3V, S1 : B, S2 : A 100 µA 6d
CROWBAR
V1 Input Threshold Voltage S1 : B 5.5 6 6.4 V 6b
V15 Output Saturation Voltage Vi = 9V to 46V, Vi = 5.4V, 0.2 0.4 V 6b
I15 = 5mA, S1 : A
I1 Input Bias Current V1 = 6V, S1 : B 10 µA 6b
– I15 Output Source Current Vi = 9V to 46V, V1 = 6.5V, 70 100 mA 6b
V15 = 2V, S1 : B

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 4 : Dynamic Test Circuit

C7, C8 : EKR (ROE)

L1 : L = 300 µH at 8 A Core type : MAGNETICS 58930 - A2 MPP
N° turns : 43 Wire Gauge : 1 mm (18 AWG) COGEMA 946044
(*) Minimum suggested value (10 µF) to avoid oscillations. Ripple consideration leads to typical value of 1000 µF or higher.

Figure 5 : PC. Board and Component Layout of the Circuit of Figure 4 (1:1 scale)

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L296 - L296P

Figure 6 : DC Test Circuits.

Figure 6a. Figure 6b.

Figure 6c.

1 - Set V10 FOR V9 = 1 V

2 - Change V10 to obtain V9 = 3 V
DV9 2V
3 - GV = =
∆V10 ∆V10

Figure 6d.

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 7 : Quienscent Drain Current vs. Supply Figure 8 : Quienscent Drain Current vs. Supply
Voltage (0 % Duty Cycle - see fig. 6a). Voltage (100 % Duty Cycle see fig. 6a).

Figure 9 : Quiescent Drain Current vs. Junction Figure 10 : Quiescent Drain Current vs. Junction
Temperature (0 % Duty Cycle - Temperature (100 % Duty Cycle -
see fig. 6a). see fig. 6a).

Figure 11 : Reference Voltage (pin 10) vs. VI Figure 12 : Reference Voltage (pin 10) vs. Junction
(see fig. 4). Temperature (see fig. 4).

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L296 - L296P

Figure 13 : Open Loop Frequency and Phase Figure 14 : Switching Frequency vs. Input
Response of Error Amplifier Voltage (see fig. 4).
(see fig. 6c).

Figure 15 : Switching Frequency vs. Junction Figure 16 : Switching Frequency vs. R1

Temperature (see fig. 4). (see fig. 4).

Figure 17 : Line Transient Response (see fig. 4). Figure 18 : Load Transient Response (see fig. 4).

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 19 : Supply Voltage Ripple Rejection vs. Figure 20 : Dropout Voltage Between Pin 3 and
Frequency (see fig. 4). Pin 2 vs. Current at Pin 2.

Figure 21 : Dropout Voltage Between Pin 3 and Figure 22 : Power Dissipation Derating Curve.
Pin 2 vs. Junction Temperature.

Figure 23 : Power Dissipation (device only) vs. Figure 24 : Power Dissipation (device only) vs.
Input Voltage. Input voltage.

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L296 - L296P

Figure 25 : Power Dissipation (device only) vs. Figure 26 : Power Dissipation (device only) vs.
Output Voltage (see fig. 4). Output Voltage (see fig. 4).

Figure 27 : Voltage and Current Waveforms at Pin 2 Figure 28 : Efficiency vs. Output Current.
(see fig. 4).

Figure 29 : Efficiency vs. Output Voltage. Figure 30 : Efficiency vs. Output Voltage.

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 31 : Current Limiting Threshold vs. Rpin 4 Figure 32 : Current Limiting Threshold vs. Junction
(L296P only). Temperature.

Figure 33 : Current Limiting Threshold vs.

Supply Voltage.

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L296 - L296P

APPLICATION INFORMATION
Figure 34 : Typical Application Circuit.

(*) Minimum value (10 µF) to avoid oscillations ; ripple consideration leads to typical value of 1000 µF or higher L1 : 58930 - MPP COGEMA
946044 ; GUP 20 COGEMA 946045

SUGGESTED INDUCTOR (L1)

Core Type No Turns Wire Gauge Air Gap
Magnetics 58930 – A2MPP 43 1.0 mm –
Thomson GUP 20 x 16 x 7 65 0.8 mm 1 mm
Siemens EC 35/17/10 (B6633& – G0500 – X127) 40 2 x 0.8 mm –
VOGT 250 µH Toroidal Coil, Part Number 5730501800

Resistor Values for Standard Output Voltages

V0 R8 R7
12 V 4.7 KΩ 6.2 KΩ
15 V 4.7 KΩ 9.1 KΩ
18 V 4.7 KΩ 12 KΩ
24 V 4.7 KΩ 18 KΩ

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 35 : P.C. Board and Component Layout of the Circuit of fig. 34 (1:1 scale)

SELECTION OF COMPONENT VALUES (see fig. 34)

Recommended Allowed Rage
Component Value Purpose Notes
Min. Max.
R1 – Set Input Voltage – Vi min
R2 100 kΩ Threshold for Reset. 220kΩ R1/R2 −1
5
If output voltage is sensed R1 and
R2 may be limited and pin 12
connected to pin 10.
R3 4.3 kΩ Sets Switching Frequency 1 kΩ 100kΩ
R4 10 kΩ Pull-down Resistor 22kΩ May be omitted and pin 6 grounded
if inhibit not used.
R5 15 kΩ Frequency Compensation 10kΩ
R6 Collector Load For Reset VO Omitted if reset function not used.
Output 0.05A
R7 – Divider to Set Output – – VO − VREF
R8 4.7 kΩ Voltage – 1kΩ R7/R8 = -
VREF
Riim – Sets Current Limit Level 7.5kΩ If Riim is omitted and pin 4 left open
the current limit is internally fixed.
C1 10 µF Stability 2.2µF
C2 2.2 µF Sets Reset Delay – – Omitted if reset function not used.
C3 2.2 nF Sets Switching Frequency 1 nF 3.3nF
C4 2.2 µF Soft Start 1 µF – Also determines average short
circuit current.
C5 33 nF Frequency Compensation
C6 390 pF High Frequency – – Not required for 5 V operation.
Compensation
C7, C8 100 µF Output Filter – –
L1 300 µH 100µH
Q1 Crowbar Protection The SCR must be able to withstand
the peak discharge current of the
output capacitor and the short
circuit current of the device.
D1 Recirculation Diode 7A Schottky or 35 ns trr Diode.

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L296 - L296P

Figure 36 : A Minimal 5.1 V Fixed Regulator. Very Few Components are Required.

Figure 37 : 12 V/10 A Power Supply.

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 38 : Programmable Power Supply.

V o = 5.1 to 15 V
I o = 4 A max. (min. load current = 100 mA)
ripple ≤ 20 mV
load regulation (1 A to 4 A) = 10 mV (V o = 5.1 V)
line regulation (220 V ± 15 % and to I o = 3 A) = 15 mV (V o = 5.1 V)

Figure 39 : Preregulator for Distributed Supplies.

(*) L2 and C2 are necessary to reduce the switching frequency spikes.

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L296 - L296P

Figure 40 : In Multiple Supplies Several L296s Figure 41 : Voltage Sensing for Remote Load.
can be Synchronized As Shown.

Figure 42 : A 5.1 V/15 V/24 V Multiple Supply. Note the Synchronization of the Three L296s.

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 L296 - L296P

Figure 43 : 5.1V/2A Power Supply using External sistor may be added, as shown in Figure 45 ; with
Limiting Current Resistor and Crow- this circuit discharge times of a few microseconds
bar Protection on the Supply Voltage may be obtained.
(L296P only)
Figure 45

SOFT-START AND REPETITIVE POWER-ON

When the device is repetitively powered-on, the soft-
start capacitor, CSS, must be discharged rapidly to
ensure that each start is "soft". This can be achieved
economically using the reset circuit, as shown in Fig- HOW TO OBTAIN BOTH RESET AND
ure 44. POWER FAIL
In this circuit the divider R1, R2 connected to pin 12 Figure 46 illustrates how it is possible to obtain at the
determines the minimum supply voltage, below same time both the power fail and reset functions
which the open collector transistor at the pin 14 out- simply by adding one diode (D) and one resistor (R).
put discharges CSS. In this case the Reset delay time (pin 13) can only
Figure 44 start when the output voltage is VO ≥ VREF - 100mV
and the voltage accross R2 is higher than 4.5V.
With the hysteresis resistor it is possible to fix the in-
put pin 12 hysteresis in order to increase immunity
to the 100Hz ripple present on the supply voltage.
Moreover, the power fail and reset delay time are
automatically locked to the soft-start. Soft-start and
delayed reset are thus two sequential functions.
The hysteresis resistor should be In the range of
aboit 100kΩ and the pull-up resistor of 1 to 2.2kΩ.
Figure 46

The approximate discharge times obtained with this

circuit are :
CSS (µF) tDIS (µs)
2.2 200
4.7 300
10 600

If these times are still too long, an external PNP tran-

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L296 - L296P

mm inch
DIM.
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX. OUTLINE AND
A 5 0.197 MECHANICAL DATA
B 2.65 0.104
C 1.6 0.063
D 1 0.039
E 0.49 0.55 0.019 0.022
F 0.66 0.75 0.026 0.030
G 1.02 1.27 1.52 0.040 0.050 0.060
G1 17.53 17.78 18.03 0.690 0.700 0.710
H1 19.6 0.772
H2 20.2 0.795
L 21.9 22.2 22.5 0.862 0.874 0.886
L1 21.7 22.1 22.5 0.854 0.870 0.886
L2 17.65 18.1 0.695 0.713
L3 17.25 17.5 17.75 0.679 0.689 0.699
L4 10.3 10.7 10.9 0.406 0.421 0.429
L7 2.65 2.9 0.104 0.114
M 4.25 4.55 4.85 0.167 0.179 0.191
M1 4.63 5.08 5.53 0.182 0.200 0.218
S 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102
S1 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102 Multiwatt15 V
Dia1 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152

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 L296 - L296P

mm inch
DIM.
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX. OUTLINE AND
A 5 0.197
MECHANICAL DATA
B 2.65 0.104
C 1.6 0.063
E 0.49 0.55 0.019 0.022
F 0.66 0.75 0.026 0.030
G 1.14 1.27 1.4 0.045 0.050 0.055
G1 17.57 17.78 17.91 0.692 0.700 0.705
H1 19.6 0.772
H2 20.2 0.795
L 20.57 0.810
L1 18.03 0.710
L2 2.54 0.100
L3 17.25 17.5 17.75 0.679 0.689 0.699
L4 10.3 10.7 10.9 0.406 0.421 0.429
L5 5.28 0.208
L6 2.38 0.094
L7 2.65 2.9 0.104 0.114
S 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102
S1 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102 Multiwatt15 H
Dia1 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152

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L296 - L296P

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license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specification mentioned in this
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