Hyperbolic functions are defined in terms of exponential functions. The hyperbolic cosine of t is defined as (et + e-t)/2 and the hyperbolic sine of t is defined as (et - e-t)/2. Some basic properties of hyperbolic functions are presented, including differentiation formulas and trigonometric-like identities relating hyperbolic cosine and sine. Hyperbolic functions can be used to evaluate integrals involving radicals by performing substitutions of hyperbolic functions for radicals.
Hyperbolic functions are defined in terms of exponential functions. The hyperbolic cosine of t is defined as (et + e-t)/2 and the hyperbolic sine of t is defined as (et - e-t)/2. Some basic properties of hyperbolic functions are presented, including differentiation formulas and trigonometric-like identities relating hyperbolic cosine and sine. Hyperbolic functions can be used to evaluate integrals involving radicals by performing substitutions of hyperbolic functions for radicals.
Hyperbolic functions are defined in terms of exponential functions. The hyperbolic cosine of t is defined as (et + e-t)/2 and the hyperbolic sine of t is defined as (et - e-t)/2. Some basic properties of hyperbolic functions are presented, including differentiation formulas and trigonometric-like identities relating hyperbolic cosine and sine. Hyperbolic functions can be used to evaluate integrals involving radicals by performing substitutions of hyperbolic functions for radicals.
Hyperbolic functions are defined in terms of exponential functions. The hyperbolic cosine of t is defined as (et + e-t)/2 and the hyperbolic sine of t is defined as (et - e-t)/2. Some basic properties of hyperbolic functions are presented, including differentiation formulas and trigonometric-like identities relating hyperbolic cosine and sine. Hyperbolic functions can be used to evaluate integrals involving radicals by performing substitutions of hyperbolic functions for radicals.
et + e−t et − e−t Hyperbolic cosine: cosh t = Hyperbolic sine: sinh t = 2 2 The following equations are easy to check:
cosh t + sinh t = et cosh t − sinh t = e−t
(cosh t)0 = sinh t (sinh t)0 = cosh t
e2t + 2 + e−2t e2t + e−2t 1 cosh(2t) + 1
(cosh t)2 = = + = 4 4 2 2
e2t − 2 + e−2t e2t + e−2t 1 cosh(2t) − 1
(sinh t)2 = = − = 4 4 2 2
(cosh t)2 − (sinh t)2 = 1 sinh t cosh t = 1
2 sinh(2t)
√ √ If sinh t = x, then cosh t = x2 + 1 and t = ln(x + x2 + 1). √ √ If cosh t = x and t ≥ 0, then sinh t = x2 − 1 and t = ln(x + x2 − 1).
Examples of substitution √ Hyperbolic functions are great for dealing with radicals x 2 ± a2 . √ Let x = cosh t. Then x2 − 1 = sinh t, dx = sinh t dt, and we have Z √ Z Z 2 x2 − 1 dx = sinh t dt = 2 (cosh(2t) − 1) dt = 14 sinh(2t) − 21 t + C 1
√ √ = 12 x x2 − 1 − 12 ln(x + x2 − 1) + C
√ Let x = sinh t. Then x2 + 1 = cosh t, dx = cosh t dt, and we have Z √ Z Z 2 x + 1 dx = cosh t dt = 2 (cosh(2t) + 1) dt = 14 sinh(2t) + 21 t + C 2 1
