Concrete Mix Design Calculation For M20, M25, M30 Concrete With Procedure & Example

Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20,
M25, M30 Concrete with Procedure &

Example
Home/ Concrete Technology / Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20, M25, M30 Concrete with Procedure
& Example
Concrete mix design is the process of finding right proportions of cement, sand and
aggregates for concrete to achieve target strength in structures. So, concrete mix
design can be stated as Concrete Mix = Cement:Sand:Aggregates.
The concrete mix design involves various steps, calculations and laboratory testing to
find right mix proportions. This process is usually adopted for structures which
requires higher grades of concrete such as M25 and above and large construction
projects where quantity of concrete consumption is huge..
Benefits of concrete mix design is that it provides the right proportions of materials,
thus making the concrete construction economical in achieving required strength of
structural members. As, the quantity of concrete required for large constructions are
huge, economy in quantity of materials such as cement makes the project construction
economical.
Concrete Mix design of M20, M25, M30 and higher grade of concrete can be
calculated from example below.
Concrete Mix Design
Data Required for Concrete Mix Design
(i) Concrete Mix Design Stipulation
(a) Characteristic compressive strength required in the field at 28 days grade
designation — M 25
(b) Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20 mm
(c) Shape of CA — Angular
(d) Degree of workability required at site — 50-75 mm (slump)
(e) Degree of quality control available at site — As per IS:456
(f) Type of exposure the structure will be subjected to (as defined in IS: 456) — Mild
(g) Type of cement: PSC conforming IS:455
(h) Method of concrete placing: pump able concrete
(ii) Test data of material (to be determined in the laboratory)

(a) Specific gravity of cement — 3.15
(b) Specific gravity of FA — 2.64
(c) Specific gravity of CA — 2.84
(d) Aggregate are assumed to be in saturated surface dry condition.
(e) Fine aggregates confirm to Zone II of IS – 383
Procedure for Concrete Mix Design of M25 Concrete

Step 1 — Determination Of Target Strength
Himsworth constant for 5% risk factor is 1.65. In this case standard deviation is taken
from IS:456 against M 20 is 4.0.
ftarget = fck + 1.65 x S

= 25 + 1.65 x 4.0 = 31.6 N/mm2
Where,
S = standard deviation in N/mm2 = 4 (as per table -1 of IS 10262- 2009)

Step 2 — Selection of water / cement ratio:-
From Table 5 of IS 456, (page no 20)
Maximum water-cement ratio for Mild exposure condition = 0.55

Based on experience, adopt water-cement ratio as 0.5.
0.5<0.55, hence OK.
Step 3 — Selection of Water Content

From Table 2 of IS 10262- 2009,
Maximum water content = 186 Kg (for Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20

mm)
Table for Correction in water content

Values as per Standard Values as per Correction in
Parameters Departure
reference condition Present Problem Water Content
Slump 25-50 mm 50-75 25 (+3/25) x 25 = +3
Shape of
Angular Angular Nil –
Aggregate
Total +3
Estimated water content = 186+ (3/100) x 186 = 191.6 kg /m3
Step 4 — Selection of Cement Content
Water-cement ratio = 0.5
Corrected water content = 191.6 kg /m3

Cement content =
From Table 5 of IS 456,
Minimum cement Content for mild exposure condition = 300 kg/m3

383.2 kg/m3 > 300 kg/m3, hence, OK.
This value is to be checked for durability requirement from IS: 456.
In the present example against mild exposure and for the case of reinforced concrete
the minimum cement content is 300 kg/m3 which is less than 383.2 kg/m3. Hence
cement content adopted = 383.2 kg/m3.
As per clause 8.2.4.2 of IS: 456
Maximum cement content = 450 kg/m3.

Step 5: Estimation of Coarse Aggregate proportion:-
From Table 3 of IS 10262- 2009,
For Nominal maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm,
Zone of fine aggregate = Zone II

And For w/c = 0.5
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.62
Table for correction in estimation of coarse aggregate proportion

Values as
Correction in
per
Values as per Coarse
Parameter Standard Departure Remarks
present problem Aggregate
reference
proportion
condition
W/c 0.5 0.5 Nil – See Note 1
pump able
Workability – – -10% See Note 2
concrete
Total -10%
Note 1: For every ±0.05 change in w/c, the coarse aggregate proportion is to be
changed by 0.01. If the w/c is less than 0.5 (standard value), volume of coarse
aggregate is required to be increased to reduce the fine aggregate content. If the w/c is
more than 0.5, volume of coarse aggregate is to be reduced to increase the fine
aggregate content. If coarse aggregate is not angular, volume of coarse aggregate may
be required to be increased suitably, based on experience.
Note 2: For pump able concrete or congested reinforcement the coarse aggregate
proportion may be reduced up to 10%.
Hence,
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.62 x 90% = 0.558
Volume of fine aggregate = 1 – 0.558 = 0.442
Step 6: Estimation of the mix ingredients

a) Volume of concrete = 1 m3
b) Volume of cement = (Mass of cement / Specific gravity of cement) x (1/100)
= (383.2/3.15) x (1/1000) = 0.122 m3

c) Volume of water = (Mass of water / Specific gravity of water) x (1/1000)
= (191.6/1) x (1/1000) = 0.1916 m3

d) Volume of total aggregates = a – (b + c ) = 1 – (0.122 + 0.1916) = 0.6864 m3
e) Mass of coarse aggregates = 0.6864 x 0.558 x 2.84 x 1000 = 1087.75 kg/m3
f) Mass of fine aggregates = 0.6864 x 0.442 x 2.64 x 1000 = 800.94 kg/m3
Concrete Mix proportions for Trial Mix 1
Cement = 383.2 kg/m3
Water = 191.6 kg/m3
Fine aggregates = 800.94 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate = 1087.75 kg/m3
W/c = 0.5
For trial -1 casting of concrete in lab, to check its properties.
It will satisfy durability & economy.
For casting trial -1, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube
assuming 25% wastage.
Volume of concrete required for 4 cubes = 4 x (0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3

Cement = (383.2 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 6.47 kg
Water = (191.6 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.23 kg
Coarse aggregate = (1087.75 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =18.36 kg
Fine aggregates = (800.94 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 13.52 kg
Step 7: Correction due to absorbing / moist aggregate:-
Since the aggregate is saturated surface dry condition hence no correction is required.
Step 8: Concrete Trial Mixes:-

Concrete Trial Mix 1:
The mix proportion as calculated in Step 6 forms trial mix1. With this proportion,
concrete is manufactured and tested for fresh concrete properties requirement i.e.
workability, bleeding and finishing qualities.
In this case,
Slump value = 25 mm
Compaction Factor = 0.844
So, from slump test we can say,
Mix is cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 25 mm and it is free from
segregation and bleeding.
Desired slump = 50-75 mm
So modifications are needed in trial mix 1 to arrive at the desired workability.

To increase the workability from 25 mm to 50-75 mm an increase in water content by
+3% is to be made.
The corrected water content = 191.6 x 1.03 = 197.4 kg.

As mentioned earlier to adjust fresh concrete properties the water cement ratio will not
be changed. Hence
Cement Content = (197.4/0.5) = 394.8 kg/m3

Which also satisfies durability requirement.
Volume of all in aggregate = 1 – [{394.8/(3.15×1000)} + {197.4/(1 x 1000)}] =

0.6773 m3
Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.6773 x 0.558 x 2.84 x 1000 = 1073.33 kg/m3
Mass of fine aggregate = 0.6773 x 0.442 x 2.64 x 1000 = 790.3 kg/m3
Concrete Mix Proportions for Trial Mix 2
Water = 197.4 kg/m3
Fine aggregate =790.3 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate = 1073.33 kg/m3

Cement = (384.8 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 6.66 kg
Water = (197.4 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.33 kg
In this case,
Slump value = 60 mm
Mix is very cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 60 mm.
It virtually flowed during vibration but did not exhibit any segregation and bleeding.
So , it has achieved desired workability by satisfying the requirement of 50-75 mm

slump value .
Now , we need to go for trial mix-3 .

In case of trial mix 3 water cement ratio is varied by +10% keeping water content
constant. In the present example water cement ratio is raised to 0.55 from 0.5.
An increase of 0.05 in the w/c will entail a reduction in the coarse aggregate fraction
by 0.01.
Hence the coarse aggregate as percentage of total aggregate = 0.558 – 0.01 = 0.548
W/c = 0.55
Water content will be kept constant.
Cement content = (197.4/0.55) = 358.9 kg/m3

Hence, volume of all in aggregate
= 1 – [{(358.9/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] =0.688 m3

Mass of fine aggregate = 0.688 x 0.452 x 2.64 x 1000 = 821 kg/m3
Concrete Mix Proportions of Trial Mix 3
Water = 197.4 kg/m3
FA = 821 kg/m3
CA = 1070.75 kg/m3

Cement = (358.9 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 6.06 kg
Water = (197.4 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.33 kg
Fine aggregates = (821 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 13.85 kg
In this case,
Slump value = 75 mm
Mix is stable, cohesive, and workable and had a true slump of about 75 mm.
So , it has achieved desired workability by satisfying the requirement of 50-75 mm

slump value .
Now , we need to go for trial mix-4.

In this case water / cement ratio is decreased by 10% keeping water content constant.
W/c = 0.45
A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by
0.01.
Coarse aggregate fraction = 0.558 +.01 =.568
W/c = 0.45 and water content = 197.4 kg/m3

Volume of all in aggregate
= 1 – [{438.7/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] = 0.664 m3

Concrete Mix Proportions of Trial Mix 4
Water = 197.4 kg/m3
FA = 757.28 kg/m3
CA = 1071.11 kg/m3

Cement = (438.7 x 0.016878) kg/m3 = 7.4 kg
Water = (197.4 x 0.016878) kg/m3 =3.33 kg
A local correction due to moisture condition of aggregate is again applied on this
proportions. With corrected proportions three concrete cubes are cast and tested for 28
days compressive strength.
A summary of all the trial mixes is given in the following Table.
Recommended mix proportion of ingredients for

grade of concrete M25:
From Compressive Strength vs. c/w graph for target strength 31.6 MPa we get,
W/c = 0.44
water content = 197.4 kg/m3

Volume of all in aggregate
= 1 – [{448.6/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] = 0.660 m3

A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by
0.01.
Coarse aggregate fraction = 0.558 +.01 =.568
Volume of fine aggregate = 1 – 0.568 = 0.432

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Concrete Mix Design Calculation for M20,

M25, M30 Concrete with Procedure &

(b) Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20 mm

(c) Shape of CA — Angular

(d) Degree of workability required at site — 50-75 mm (slump)

(e) Degree of quality control available at site — As per IS:456

(g) Type of cement: PSC conforming IS:455

(h) Method of concrete placing: pump able concrete

(ii) Test data of material (to be determined in the laboratory)

(b) Specific gravity of FA — 2.64

(c) Specific gravity of CA — 2.84

(d) Aggregate are assumed to be in saturated surface dry condition.

(e) Fine aggregates confirm to Zone II of IS – 383

Procedure for Concrete Mix Design of M25 Concrete

ftarget = fck + 1.65 x S

S = standard deviation in N/mm2 = 4 (as per table -1 of IS 10262- 2009)

Maximum water-cement ratio for Mild exposure condition = 0.55

0.5<0.55, hence OK.

Step 3 — Selection of Water Content

Maximum water content = 186 Kg (for Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20

Table for Correction in water content

Slump 25-50 mm 50-75 25 (+3/25) x 25 = +3

Corrected water content = 191.6 kg /m3

From Table 5 of IS 456,

Minimum cement Content for mild exposure condition = 300 kg/m3

Maximum cement content = 450 kg/m3.

For Nominal maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm,

Zone of fine aggregate = Zone II

Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.62

Table for correction in estimation of coarse aggregate proportion

W/c 0.5 0.5 Nil – See Note 1

Volume of fine aggregate = 1 – 0.558 = 0.442

Step 6: Estimation of the mix ingredients

= (383.2/3.15) x (1/1000) = 0.122 m3

= (191.6/1) x (1/1000) = 0.1916 m3

For trial -1 casting of concrete in lab, to check its properties.

It will satisfy durability & economy.

Volume of concrete required for 4 cubes = 4 x (0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3

Step 8: Concrete Trial Mixes:-

Compaction Factor = 0.844

So, from slump test we can say,

Desired slump = 50-75 mm

So modifications are needed in trial mix 1 to arrive at the desired workability.

Concrete Trial Mix 2:

The corrected water content = 191.6 x 1.03 = 197.4 kg.

Cement Content = (197.4/0.5) = 394.8 kg/m3

Volume of all in aggregate = 1 – [{394.8/(3.15×1000)} + {197.4/(1 x 1000)}] =

Volume of concrete required for 4 cubes = 4 x (0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3

Compaction Factor = 0.852

So, from slump test we can say,

Desired slump = 50-75 mm

So , it has achieved desired workability by satisfying the requirement of 50-75 mm

Now , we need to go for trial mix-3 .

Concrete Trial Mix 3:

Water content will be kept constant.

Cement content = (197.4/0.55) = 358.9 kg/m3

= 1 – [{(358.9/(3.15 x 1000)} + (197.4/1000)] =0.688 m3

Volume of concrete required for 4 cubes = 4 x (0.153 x1.25) = 0.016878 m3