Types of Speech Styles

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
1. FROZEN STYLE
Used generally in very formal setting.
Most formal communicative style for respectful situation
Does not require any feedback from the audience
Usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary
The use of language is fixed and relatively static
Examples:
national pledge, anthem, school creeds,
marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony
2. FORMAL STYLE
Used in speaking to medium to large groups

May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older persons,
professional
Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered
Avoids using slang terminologies
language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary
that is well documented; is often of a standard variety.
Examples:
meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at a
swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in a classroom
3. CONSULTATIVE STYLE
Used in semi-formal communication
Happens in two-way participation
Most operational among other styles
Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say

Sentences end to be shorter ans spontaneous
Examples:
regular conversation at schools, companies, group discussion,
teacher-student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice
4. CASUAL STYLE
Language used between friends
Often very relaxed and focused on just getting the information out
Slangs are quite often used in these instances

This style is used in informal situations and language
Relationship between speaker and hearer is closed.
Examples:
casual conversations with friends, family members, chats, phone calls

and messages
5. INTIMATE STYLE
Completely private language used within family of very close friends or

group
Uses personal language codes
Grammar is unnecessary
Does not need complete language
Certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose meaning is
shared with a small subset of persons to person
Nomination
Speaker carries to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.

Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with
the people you are talking to
Restriction
Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. On some cases of

communication, there's instructions that must be followed. Those
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say
Turn-taking
Pertains to the process by which people decides who take the

conversational floor. Primarily, the idea is to give all communicators a
chance to speak
Topic Control
Covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development

of topic in conversation
Topic Shifting
Involves moving from one topic to another. It is where one part of a

conversation ends and where another begins
Repair
Refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening and

comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation
Termination
Refers to the conversation participants' close initiating expressions that

end a topic in a conversation
1. TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
2. 2. What the functions of communication? 1.To control / regulate 2.To
socialize 3.To motivate 4.To give/get information 5.To express emotions
3. 3. GROUP ACTIVITY
4. 4. TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
5. 5. Types of speech style range on a scale from most formal to most
informal. The five levels identified have been specialized names by
linguists…. 1.Frozen 2.Formal 3.Consultative 4.Casual 5.Intimate
6. 6. FROZEN • This style of communication rarely or never changes. It is
“frozen” in time and content. • Example: the Pledge of Allegiance, the
Lord’s Prayer, the Preamble of the Constitution, the Alma Mater, a
bibliographic reference, laws
7. 7. FORMAL • This language is used in formal settings and is one-way in
nature. • This use of language usually follows a commonly accepted
format. • It is usually impersonal and formal. • Examples: sermons,
rhetorical statements and questions, speeches, pronouncements made by
judges, announcements
8. 8. CONSULTATIVE • It is formal and societal expectations accompany the
users of this speech. • It is a professional discourse. • Examples:
communication between a superior and a subordinate, doctor and patient,
lawyer and client, lawyer and judge, teacher and student, counsellor and
client
9. 9. CASUAL • This is an informal language used by peers and friends. •
Slang, vulgarities and colloquialism are normal. • This is “group language.”
• One must be a member to engage in this register. • Examples: buddies,
chats and emails, blogs, letters to friends
10. 10. INTIMATE • This communication is private. • It is reserved for close
family members, or intimate people. • Examples: husband and wife,
boyfriend and girlfriend, siblings, and parent & children
A locution is the phrase or sentence that has meaning (vocabulary)

and structure (grammar). For example, the sentence Pass the salt involves 1)
the physical action of conveying from one person to another and 2) a crystalline
compound used to flavor food. That’s the meaning.
But it also has a structure, some of which, like word order, is obvious. We have
to say Pass the salt. We can’t say Pass salt the, Salt the pass, or any other
variation. (Unless you’re Yoda.)
Other parts of grammatical structure are less obvious (at least in English), such
as verb forms. Pass (not passes) is the imperative form.
The illocution is the intention of the speaker. The person saying Pass the
salt says so because—wait for it—she wants the salt. Her intent, in other words,
is to end up with the salt shaker in her hand so she can use it.
There’s a third part of speech acts called the perlocution, but I won’t get into it
here other than to say that it involves the listener. It’s the effect on the hearer of
the utterance, what is also called “uptake.”
 Locution--the semantic or literal significance of the

utterance;
 Illocution--the intention of the speaker; and
 Perlocution--how it was received by the listener.
locutionary act which is the basic production of meaningful utterance. This act is much
related to the hearer, if the hearer fails to understand what the speaker is saying then
the speaker has failed to do a locutionary act. For example, when a person from
Indonesia (he's in America for instance) talks to an American in bahasa 'apa kabar pak?'
in English this utterance will not produce what is called as a meaningful linguistic
expression. On the contrary when the speaker said 'how are you sir?' then the American
would understand and it is a form of locutionary act.
Illocutionary acts[edit]
The concept of an illocutionary act is central to the concept of a speech act.
Although there are several scholarly opinions regarding how to define
'illocutionary acts', there are some kinds of acts which are widely accepted as
illocutionary. Examples of these widely accepted acts are commands or
promises.
The first of these opinions is the one held by the man who coined the term
"speech act" in his book How to Do Things with Words (published posthumously
in 1962),[1] John L. Austin. According to Austin's preliminary informal description,
the idea of an "illocutionary act" can be captured by emphasizing that "by saying
something, we do something", as when someone issues an order to someone to
go by saying "Go!", or when a minister joins two people in marriage saying, "I
now pronounce you husband and wife." (Austin would eventually define the
"illocutionary act" in a more exact manner.)
An alternative to Austin's explanation of the illocutionary act is that given by John
R. Searle. According to Searle, a "speech act" is often meant to refer to exactly
the same thing as the term illocutionary act. Searle's work on speech acts is
understood to further refine Austin's conception. However, some philosophers
have pointed out a significant difference between the two conceptions: whereas
Austin emphasized the conventional interpretation of speech acts, Searle
emphasized a psychological interpretation (based on beliefs, intentions, etc.). [14]
Perlocutionary acts[edit]
While illocutionary acts relate more to the speaker, perlocutionary acts are
centered around the listener. Perlocutionary acts always have a 'perlocutionary
effect' which is the effect a speech act has on a listener. This could affect the
listener's thoughts, emotions or even their physical actions.[15] An example of this
could be if someone uttered the sentence "I'm hungry." The perlocutionary effect
on the listener could be the effect of being persuaded by the utterance. For
example, after hearing the utterance, the listener could be persuaded to make a
sandwich for the speaker.

Types of Speech Styles

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Types of Speech Styles

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Types of Speech Styles

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES

Used in speaking to medium to large groups

Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say

Slangs are quite often used in these instances

casual conversations with friends, family members, chats, phone calls

Completely private language used within family of very close friends or

Speaker carries to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.

Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. On some cases of

Pertains to the process by which people decides who take the

Covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development

Involves moving from one topic to another. It is where one part of a

Refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening and

Refers to the conversation participants' close initiating expressions that

A locution is the phrase or sentence that has meaning (vocabulary)

 Locution--the semantic or literal significance of the

You might also like