M.SC.

PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 1

I. Foundation Unit 5 : Relativity

Postulates of special theory of relativity −
F1 : Classical Dynamics and Relativity Lorentz transformation − Velocity addition vec-
tors and the metric tensor − Forces in the special
Unit 1 : Fundamental Principles and Lagrangian theory : Electromagnetism − Relativistic angu-
Formulation lar momentum − Lagrangian formulation of rela-
Mechanics of a particle and system of particles tivistic mechanics − Elements of general theory of
− Examples − Conservation laws − Constraints − relativity
Generalized co-ordinates − D’Alembert’s principle
and Lagrange’s equations − Hamilton’s principle Books for Study and Reference
− Lagrange’s equations of motion − Examples − Relevant chapters in
Conservation theorems and symmetry properties 1. H. Goldstein, C. Poole and J. Sofko, Classi-
cal Mechanics, 3rd Ed. (Pearson Education, New
Unit 2 : Lagrangian Formulation : Applications Delhi, 2002).
Motion under central force : General features 2. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd Ed.
− The Kepler problem − Scattering in a central (Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1980).
force field. 3. M. Lakshmanan and S. Rajasekar, Nonlin-
Rigid body motion : Euler angles − Moments ear Dynamics: Integrability, Chaos and Patterns
and products of inertia − Euler’s equations − (SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 2003).
Symmetrical top − Applications. 4. T. L. Chow, Classical Mechanics (John-Wiley,
Small oscillations : Theory of small oscilla- New York, 1995).
tions − Frequencies of free vibrations − Normal
modes − Two coupled oscillators − Linear tri-
atomic molecule F2 : Mathematical Methods − I
Unit 1 : Vector Analysis
Unit 3 : Hamilton’s Formulation
The scalar and vector fields − Gradient, Diver-
Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion − gence, curl and Laplacian − Orthogonal and curvi-
Hamilton’s equations from variational principle − linear co-ordinates − Rectangular, cylindrical and
Principle of least action − Canonical transforma- spherical co-ordinates. Vector integration − Line
tions − Symplectic approach − Poisson brackets integrals, surface integrals and volume integrals −
Infinitesimal canonical transformations − Hamil- Gauss Divergence theorem − Stokes theorem and
ton − Jacobi method − Action and angle variables Greens theorem.
− Kepler’s problem in action-angle variables
Unit 2 : Tensor Analysis
Unit 4 : Wave Motion Definition − Transformation of co-ordinates −
Continuous systems : Transition from discrete Summation convention − Contravariant, covari-
to continuous systems − Longitudinal vibrations ant and mixed tensors − Rank of a tensor − Sym-
in a long elastic rod − Lagrangian formulation for metric and antisymmetric tensors − Tensor ellip-
continuous systems − Hamiltonian formulation soid − Algebraic equation of a tensor. Associ-
Linear waves : Wave motion − Linear wave ated tensors − Raising and lowering of suffixes −
equations − Phase velocity − Dispersion − Metric tensor − Riemannian spaces − Christoffel’s
Fourier transform and wave packets − Group ve- three index symbols − Law of transformation for
locity Christoffel’s symbols − Examples from physics.
Nonlinear motion : Periodic motion − Per-
Unit 3 : Matrix and Vector Space
turbations and KAM theorem − Attractors −
Chaotic trajectories and Liapunov exponents − Matrix : Characteristic equation of a matrix −
Poincare maps Eigenvalues and eigenvectors − Cayley − Hamil-
2 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

ton theorem − Inverse of a square matrix − Re- Diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors − Linear
duction of a matrix to diagonal form. and digital ICs − LSI, MSI.
Vector Space : Linear Vector Space − Basis −
Change of basis − Inner product − Schmidt’s or- Unit 2: Applications of Semiconductor Devices
thogonalization process − Schwartz inequality. Amplifiers: Junction (Bipolar) transistor ampli-
Unit 4 : Differential Equations fiers in three configurations − Types of coupling:
DC, RC and transformer couplings − FET and
Linear ordinary differential equations − Ele- MOSFET amplifiers − DC amplifier − Power am-
mentary methods − Linear second order differen- plifiers: Class B − Push-pull amplifier − Two-port
tial equations with variable coefficients − Frobe- Newton analysis using ’h’ parameters − CE, CC,
nius method − Variation of parameters − Sturm CB amplifiers − Measurement of ’h’ parameters.
− Liouville differential equation − Linear partial Oscillators: General theory − Feed back re-
differential equations − Separation of variables − quirements − Phase shift oscillator − Crystal con-
Examples : the wave equation, Laplace equation trolled oscillator − Negative resistance oscillator
and diffusion equation. − Relaxation oscillators.
Unit 5 : Special Functions
Unit 3: Operational Amplifier and its Applications
Orthogonal functions − Bessel, Legendre, Her-
mite and Laugerre differential equations − Their Linear ICs − OPAMPS − Characteristics −
series solutions − Recursion relations − Gamma Basic applications − Inverting and noninverting
and Beta functions − Dirac delta function. amplifiers − Adder − subtracter − Integrator
− Differentiator − Phase shifter − Comparator
Books for Study and Reference − Butterworth active filters − Waveform gener-
ator − Multivibrators: Bistable, Monostable −
Relevant chapters in
Schmitt trigger − Solutions of differential equa-
1. M. R. Spiegel, Vector Analysis, Schaum’s out-
tions − Analog computation.
line series (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974)
2. I. A. Pipes and L. R. Harvill, Applied Math-
Unit 4: Digital Principles, Analog and Optical
ematics for Engineers and Physicists (McGraw
Communication
Hill, London, 1970).
3. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Mathematical Physics Flip-flops − R-S, J-K, D-T, Master-Slave flip-
(Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1992). flops, Shift registers − Counters − A/D, D/A
4. E. Kveyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathemat- Converters − Memory devices − Structure and
ics (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1983). operations of RAM − ROM − PROM, EPROM
5. R. Bronson, Differential Equations (Schaum’s − Microprocessor Architecture (Qualitative ideas
outline series, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973). only).
6. H. K. Dass, Mathematical Physics (S. Chand & Modulation − Demodulation − Principles of
Co, New Delhi, 2003). Amplitude, Frequency and Phase modulations −
7. A. W. Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics Simple circuits for amplitude and frequency mod-
(Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1995). ulation and demodulation − Digital modulation:
Pulse modulation − PAM, PPM, PDM, PCM
modulators.
F3T: Electronics − Theory Optical communication: Fundamentals − Opti-
Unit 1: Semiconductor Devices cal fibres − Optical sources: Lasers − character-
Semiconductor diodes − Characteristics − istics.
Zener diode − Schottky − Tunnel − Junction
Unit 5: Linear and Nonlinear circuits
transistors − UJT−SCR − JFET − MOSFET
− Opto electronic devices − Photodiode − Solar V-I characteristic of two terminal linear and
Cell − LED, LCD and phototransistor − Princi- nonlinear elements − resistors, capacitors, induc-
ple of integrated circuits − Fabrication processes: tors − example − PWL circuit elements − Chua’s
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 3

diode − nonautonomous and autonomous nonlin- 8. Multivibrator using 555 IC & sine wave gener-
ear circuits − Nonlinear oscillations − Dynamics ator
of Murali-Lakshmanan-Chua(MLC) and Chua’s 9. (i) Truth table verification for NOT, AND, OR,
nonlinear circuits. NAND, NOR & XOR (ii) NAND & NOR as uni-
versal gates
Books for study and Reference 10. Half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full
1. J. Millman & C. C. Halkias, Electronic Devices subtractor, using gates
and Circuits (McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1972). 11. Shift register using 7476 IC serial in − serial
2. A. P. Malvino, Electronic Principles (TMH out
Edition, New Delhi, 1995). 12. 7490 Counter decoder, 7-segment display stud-
3. A. P. Malvino & D. P. Leech, Digital Principles ies
and Applications (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 13. Multiplier & demultiplier using AND and
1994). NOT gates
4. Robert Bolyestad and Louis Nashelsky Elec- 14. LCR circuit and study equivalent oscillator
tronic Devices and circuit theory, (Prentice−Hall
of India, New Delhi, 1996).
5. George Kennedy, Electronic Communication F4T : Numerical Methods and Computer
Systems (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995). Practicals: Theory
6. L. O. Chua, C. A. Desoer & E. S. Kuh Linear Unit 1: Programming in Fortran 77 and other
and Nonlinear circuits (McGraw Hill, Singapore, Languages
1987).
Fortran constants and variables − Arithmetic
7. M. Lakshmanan and K. Murali, Bifurcation and
expressions − Input − Output statements − Con-
Chaos: Controlling and Synchronization (World
trol statements − Subscripted variables − Do
Scientific, Singapore, 1995).
statement − Logical expressions − Functions and
subroutines − Simple computer programmes.
F3P : Electronics − Practice
Unit 2 : The Solution of Numerical, Algebraic and
List of Experiments Transcendental Equation
A. Workshop The iteration method − The method of false po-
1. Lathe Work-Step turning sition − Newton-Raphson method − Convergence
2. Lathe Work-Tapper turning and rate of convergence − FORTRAN program for
3. Welding-Butt-Jointt finding roots using Newton-Raphson method and
4. Glass blowing by the method of false positions
Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations −
B. Electronics Lab Gauss elimination method − Jodan’s modification
1. Characteristics of (a) LED (b) Phototransistor − Computation of the inverse of a matrix by Gauss
(c) Photo diode elimination method − Iterative methods − Jacobi
2. Characteristics of FET & FET oscillator method of iteration - Gauss − Seidel method of
3. Characteristics of UJT and relaxation oscilla- iteration − FORTRAN program for solutions of
tors using UJT linear equations using Gauss elimination method
4. Construction of 12v-Dual and variable power
suppliers Unit 3 : Interpolation
5. OP-AMP − Mathematical operations (1) In- Linear interpolation − Lagrange interpolation
verting (2) Summing (3) Difference (4) Integration − Gregory-Newton forward and backward inter-
(5) Differentiation polation formulas − Error in interpolation - Cen-
6. OP-AMP − Solving simultaneous equations tral difference interpolation formula − Gauss’s for-
7. OP-AMP − filters (1) Low pass (2) High pass ward as well as backward interpolation formula −
(3) Band pass (4) Notch filter and D/A Converter Bessel’s formula − Lalplace-Everett’s formula −
− Ladder Type Relation between Bessel’s and Everett’s formula
4 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

− Interpolation with unequal intervals − Divided F4P : Numerical Methods and Computer
differences − properties − Newton’s interpolation Practicals: Practice
formula for unequal intervals − FORTRAN pro- List of experiments
gram for Lagrange interpolation − FORTRAN
program to construct a divided difference table − 1. False Position Method (to solve an algebraic
FORTRAN program for interpolation in uniformly equation)
spaced table using Newton-Gregory Formula 2. Newton-Raphson Method (to solve an algebraic
equation)
3. Jacobi Method (system of equations)
Unit 4 : Numerical Differentiation and Integration
4. Gauss-Seidal Method (system of equations)
Newton’s forward and backward difference for- 5. Simpson’s rule (to solve an integration)
mulas to compute derivatives Numerical Integra- 6. Trapezoidal rule (to solve an integration)
tion. The trapezoidal rule − Simpson’s rule − 7. Lagrange interpolation
Extended Simpson’s one-third rule − Truncation 8. Euler Method (to solve a differential equations)
error − Practical applications of Simpson’s rule − 9. Runge-Kutta (second order) method (to solve
FORTRAN Program to evaluate integrals using a differential equations)
Simpson’s and Trapezoidal rules 10. Runge-Kutta (fourth order) method (to solve
a differential equations)
Unit 5 : Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differ-
ential Equations II. Core
Nth order Ordinary Differential Equations −
Power series approximations − Pointwise method C1 : Mathematical Physics − II
− Solutions by Taylor Series − Euler’s method Unit 1 : Group Theory
− Improved Euler’s method − Modified Euler’s Basic definitions − Subgroups − Cosets − Fac-
method − Runge-Kutta method II, III and IVth tor groups − permutation groups − Cyclic groups
orders − R-K Method for solving first order differ- − Homomorphism and isomorphism − Classes of
ential equations − FORTRAN Program for solv- the group − Group representations − Reducible
ing ordinary differential equations using Runge- and irreducible representations − Schur’s lemnas
Kutta method − Orthogonality theorem − Character of repre-
sentation − Construction of character table − C2V
Books for Study and Reference and C3V point groups − Group theoretic applica-
tion to molecular physics and crystallography.
Relevant chapters in :
1. V. Rajaraman, Computer Programming in For- Unit 2 : Green’s Function Techniques and Integral
tran 77, 3nd Ed. (Prentice Hall of India, New Equations
Delhi, 1993) Green’s Functions − Properties − Methods of
2. M. K. Venkataraman, Numerical Methods in solutions in one, two and three dimensions − Ap-
Science & Engineering (The National Publishing plications − Linear integral equations − Hilbert-
Co., Madras, 1993) Schmidt kernels − Fredholm alternative − Neu-
3. M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar & R. K. Jain, mann series − Eigen function expansion − Appli-
Numerical Methods for Scientific & Engineering cations.
Computation (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1990)
4. V. Rajaraman, Computer Oriented Numerical Unit 3 : Complex Analysis
Methods (Prentice Hall of India , New Delhi, 1989) Complex functions and variables − Condition
5. V. N. Vedamurthy, N. ch. S. N. Iyengar, Nu- for a function to be analytic − Complex integra-
merical Methods (Vikas Publishing House, New tion − Cauchy’s theorem − Cauchy’s integral for-
Delhi, 1998) mula − Taylor expansion − Laurent expansion
− Residue and contour integration − Cauchy’s
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 5

residue theorem − Computations of residue − states and energy spectra − Particle in a square
Evaluation of integrals. well potential.
General Formulation : The fundamental postu-
Unit 4 : Fourier Series and Fourier Transform lates of wave mechanics − Dirac notation : Bra
Fourier Series : Determination of Fourier coef- and Ket − Hilbert space − Hermitian operators
ficients − Fourier series for periodic functions − and their properties − Commutator relations and
Half range series − Fourier cosine and Fourier sine uncertianity principle − Schrodinger, Heisenburg
series − Physical Applications. and interaction pictures.
Fourier Transform : Fourier Integral Theorem
Unit 2 : Exactly Solvable Bound State Problems
− Fourier cosine and sine − Integrals − Fourier
transforms − Fourier cosine and sine Transforms Linear harmonic oscillator : Eigen function by
− Physical applications − Heat equation (one di- solving the one dimensional Schrodinger equation
mension) − Solution of parial differential equa- − Abstract operator method − Orbital angular
tions by Fourier transform. momentum and parity commutation relations −
Rigid rotator − Particle in a central potential −
Unit 5 : Laplace Transform Hydrogen atom.
Properties of Laplace transform − Inverse Unit 3 : Approximation Methods
Laplace transform − Laplace transform deriva-
tives − Convolution theorem − solution of second- Time Independent Problems : Non degenerate
order linear ordinary differential equations by and degenerate perturbation theory − Stark effect
Laplace transform − Applications. − Variational method − WKB Approximation :
Application to tunneling problem and quantiza-
Books for study and reference tion rules.
Time Dependent Problems : Time dependent
Relevant chapters in perturbation theory − Harmonic perturbation −
1. E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathemat- Transition probability.
ics (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1983)
2. Pipes and L. R. Harvill, Applied Mathematics Unit 4 : Angular Momentum and Matrix Repre-
for Engineers and Physicists (McGraw Hill Book sentation and all that
Company, Singapore, 1970)
Matrix Representation of angular momentum J
3. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Mathematical Physics
and Spin angular momentum − Commutation re-
(Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1992)
lations − Eigen values − Addition of angular mo-
4. M. Hammernesh, Group Theory (Addision −
menta − Clebsch-Gordan coefficients (basic ideas
Wesley, New York, 1962)
only).
5. Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics
Scattering Theory: The scattering cross section
(Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1993)
− Born Approximation − Differential and total
6. H. K. Dass, Advanced Engineering Mathematics
cross sections
(S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 1998)
7. K. Dass, Mathematical Physics, (S. Chand & Unit 5 : Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Co., New Delhi, 2003)
Klein − Gordon equation for a free particle and
in an electromagnetic field − Dirac equation for a
C2 : Quantum Mechanics free particle and in electromagnetic field − Dirac
matrices − Plane wave solutions − Negative en-
Unit 1 : The Schrodinger Equation and Stationary ergy states
States
Physical basis of quantum mechanics − The Books for Study and Reference
Schrodinger Equation − Physical meaning and Relevant chapters in
conditions on the wave function − Expectation 1. L. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics (Tata McGraw
values and Ehrenfest’s theorem − Stationary Hill, New Delhi, 1968)
6 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

2. P. M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan A Text Book Unit 5 : Applications of Quantum Statistical Me-
of Quantum Mechanics (Tata McGraw Hill, New chanics
Delhi, 1987) a. Ideal Bose gas : Photons − Black body and
3. V. K. Thankappan, Quantum Mechanics Planck radiation − Photons − Specific heat of
(Wiley-Eastern, New Delhi, 1985) solids − Liquid Helium.
4. Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Me-
chanics, 3rd Ed. (Addison − Wesley, New York, b. Ideal Fermi gas : Properties − Degeneracy −
1998) Electron gas − Pauli paramagnetism
5. Jaspirit Singh, Quantum Mechanics : Funda- c. Ferromagnetism : Ising and Heisenberg models.
mentals and Applications to Technology (John-
Wiley, New York, 1997) Books for study and Reference
6. Amit Goswami, Quantum Mechanics (Won C. Relevant chapters in
Brown, Dubuque, 1992)
1. K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics (Wiley East-
ern Limited, New Delhi, 1963)
C3 : Thermal and Statistical Physics 2. B. K. Agarwal and M. Eisner, Statistical Me-
chanics (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1994)
Unit 1 : Thermodynamics 3. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Ther-
Laws of Thermodynamics − Some consequences mal Physics (McGraw Hill International Edition,
of the laws of thermodynamics − Entropy − Cal- Singapore, 1985)
culation of entropy changes in reversible processes. 4. N. Sears and L. Salinger, Thermodynamics, 3rd
The principle of increase of entropy − Thermo- Ed. (Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1989)
dynamic potentials − Ehthalpy, Helmholtz and 5. W. Greiner, L. Neise and H. Stocker, Thermo-
the Gibbs functions − Phase transitions − The dynamics and Statistical Mechanics (Springer Ver-
Clausius-Clayperon equation − Van der Waals lag, New York, 1995)
equation of state.
Unit 2 : Kinetic Theory C4 : Atomic and Molecular Physics
Distribution function and its evolution − Boltz-
Unit 1 : Atomic Spectra
mann transport equation and its validity − Boltz-
mann’s H-theorem − Maxwell-Boltzmann distri- Quantum states of electron in atoms − Hy-
bution − Transport phenomena − Mean free path- drogen atom spectrum − Electron spin − Stern-
Conservation laws − Hydrodynamics (No deriva- Gerlach experiment − Spin-orbit interaction −
tion). Lande interval rule − Two electron systems −
LS − JJ coupling schemes − Fine structure −
Unit 3 : Classical Statistical Mechanics Spectroscopic terms and selection rules − Hyper-
Review of probability theory − Macro and mi- fine structure
cro states − Statistical equilibrium − Phase space Exchange symmetry of wave functions − Pauli’s
ensembles − Density function − Liouville’s theo- exclusion principle − Periodic table − Alkali type
rem − Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law − Mi- spectra − Equivalent electrons − Hund’s rule
crocanonical ensemble − Ideal gas − Entropy −
Partition function − Principle of equipartition of Unit 2 : Atoms in External Fields and Quantum
energy − Canonical and grand canonical ensem- Chemistry
bles. Zeeman and Paschen Back effect of one and two
electron systems − Selection rules − Stark effect −
Unit 4 : Quantum Statistical Mechanics Inner Shell vacancy − X-ray − Auger transitions
Basic concepts − Quantum ideal gas − Bose − Compton effect
Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics − Distribution Quantum Chemistry of Molecules : Covalent,
laws − Sackur-Tetrode equation − Equations of ionic and van der Waal’s interactions − Born-
state − Bose-Einstein condensation. Oppenheimer approximation − Heitler- London
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 7

and molecular orbital theories of H2 − Bonding 1991)

and anti bonding MOs − Huckel’s molecular ap- 5. A. K. Chandra, Introductory Quantum Chem-
proximation − Application to butadine and ben- istry (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1989)
zene 6. F. Pilar, Elementary Quantum Chemistry (Mc-
Graw Hill, New York, 1968)
Unit 3 : Microwave & IR Spectroscopy 7. Manas Chanda, Atomic Structure and Chemi-
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules − In- cal Bond (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1991)
tensity of spectral lines − Effect of isotopic substi-8. Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry (Prentice-
tution − The non-rigid rotor − Rotational spec- Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994)
tra of poly atomic molecules − Linear, symmet- 9. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics
ric top and asymmetric top molecules − Experi- (McGraw Hill, New York, 1995)
mental techniques − Vibrating diatomic molecule
− Diatomic Vibrating rotator − Linear and sym-
metric top molecules − Analysis by infrared tech- C5 : Electromagnetic Theory
niques − Characteristic and group frequencies − Unit 1 : Introduction to Electrostatics

Unit 4 : Raman Spectroscopy and Electronic Spec- Coulomb’s law − Electric field − Gauss Law −
troscopy of Molecules Scalar potential − Surface distribution of charges
Raman effect − Polarizability theory − Pure ro- and dipoles − Poisson and Laplace Equations −
tational Roman’s Spectrum : vibrational Raman Green’s theorem − Dirichlet and Neumann bound-
Spectrum diatomic molecules :- Structure deter- ary conditions − Electrostatic boundary value
mination from Raman & IR Spectrometer − Ex- problems : Solution using Green’s function −
perimental Techniques Method of Images − Illustrations : Point charge in
the presence of (i) a grounded conducting sphere
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules − In-
(ii) a charged, insulated, conducting sphere and
tensity of spectral lines − The Franck- Condon
(iii) near a conducting sphere at fixed potential
principle − Dissociation energy and dissociation
and (iv) conducting sphere in a uniform electric
products − Rotational fine structure of electronic
field − Green’s function for the sphere − Solu-
vibration transitions − Predissociation
tion of Laplace equation in cartesian, spherical and
Unit 5 : Masers and Lasers cylindrical coordinates
Spontaneous and stimulated emission − Ammo- Unit 2 : Electrostatics of Macroscopic Media
nia maser − Interaction of radiation with atomic
systems − Einstein coefficients − Population in- Multipole expansion − Elementary treatment of
version − Laser threshold condition − Rate equa- electrostatics with ponderable media − Boundary
value problems with dielectrics − Illustrations :
tions for 3 and 4 level lasers − Laser resonators −
Ruby laser − He- Ne laser − CO2 laser − Semi- (i) a point charge embedded at a distance away
conductor lasers − Laser applications from a dielectric interface (ii) dielectric sphere in
a uniform electric field (iii) spherical cavity in a
Books for study and Reference dielectric medium with applied electric field −
Relevant chapters in Molecular polarizability and electric susceptibility
1. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular − Electrostatic energy in dielectric media
Spectroscopy (McGraw Hill, New York, 1981)
Unit 3 : Magnetostatics
2. B. P. Straughan & S. Walker Spectroscopy: Vol.
I (Chapman and Hall, 1976) Biot and Savart law − Force between current
3. R. P. Feynman et al. The Feynman Lectures carrying conductors − Differential equations of
on Physics: Vol. III. (Narosa Book Distributors, magnetostatics and Ampere’s law − Vector po-
New Delhi, 1989) tential − Magnetic field of a localized current dis-
4. H. S. Mani and G. K. Mehta, Introduction to tribution, magnetic moment − Force and torque
Modern Physics (Affiliated East West, New Delhi, and energy of a localized current distribution in an
8 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

external magnetic induction − Macroscopic equa- Bonding of common crystal structures − NaCl-
tions − Boundary conditions on B and H − Meth- CsCl & ZnS, Diamond − hcp, ccp, random stack-
ods of solving boundary value problems in magne- ing and polytypism.
tostatics − Uniformly magnetized sphere
Unit 2 : Lattice Vibrations and Thermal Proper-
Unit 4 : Electromagnetics ties
Faraday’s law of induction − Maxwell’s dis- Vibration of monoatomic lattices − Lattices
placement current − Maxwell equations − with two atoms per primitive cell − Quantization
Maxwell equations in terms of vector and scalar of lattice vibrations − Phonon momentum − In-
potentials − Gauge transformations − Lorentz elastic scattering of neutrons by phonons.
gauge, Coulomb gauge − Poynting’s theorem − Lattice heat capacity − Einstein model −
Conservation of energy and momentum for a sys- Density of mode in one-dimension and three-
tem of charged particles and electromagnetic fields Dimension − Debye model of the lattice heat ca-
pacity − Thermal conductivity − Umklapp pro-
Unit 5 : Plane Electromagnetic Waves and Wave cess.
Propagation
Plane waves in a nonconducting medium − Lin- Unit 3 : Free Electron Theory, Energy Bands and
ear and circular polarization − Stokes parame- Semiconductor Crystals
ters − Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic Energy levels and density of orbitals − Fermi-
waves at a plane interface between dielectrics − Dirac distribution − Free electron gas in three di-
Fields at the surface of and within a conductor mensions − Heat capacity of the electron gas −
− Propagation of electromagnetic waves in hollow Electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law − Motion
metallic cylinders : Cylindrical and rectangular in magnetic fields − Hall effect − Thermal conduc-
wave guides − TM and TE modes − Wave prop- tivity of metals − Electron in a periodic potential
agation in optical fibers − Semiconductors − Band gap − Effective mass
− Intrinsic carrier concentration.
Books for Study and Reference
Relevant chapters in Unit 4 : Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferro-
1. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wi- magnetism and Antiferromagnetism
ley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1999) Langevin classical theory of Diamagnetism and
2. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics Paramagnetism − Weiss theory − Quantum the-
(Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1999) ory of Paramagnetism − Demagnetization of a
3. R. P. Feynman et. al., The Feynman Lectures paramagnetic salt − Paramagnetic susceptibility
on Physics: Vol. II (Narosa Book Distributors, of conduction electrons − Hund’s rules − Kondo
New Delhi, 1989) effect
Ferroelectric order − Curie point and the ex-
change integral − Temperature dependence of sat-
C6 : Condensed Matter Physics
uration magnetization − Magnons − Ferromag-
Unit 1 : Crystal Structure netic order − Antiferromagnetic order − Ferro-
Crystal classes and Symmetry − 2D, 3D, lat- magnetic domains − Origin of domains − Coer-
tices − Bravais lattices − Symmetry point groups cive force and hysteresis.
− Space groups − Reciprocal lattice − Ewald’s
Unit 5 : Dielectrics, Ferroelectrics and Supercon-
sphere construction − Bragg’s law − Systematic
ductivity
absences − Atomic scattering factor − Diffraction
− Structure factor − Experimental techniques − Macroscopic electric field − Local electric field
Laue, Powder, and Rotation methods − Phase at an atom − Dielectric constant and polarizabil-
problem − Electron density distribution (elemen- ity − Clausius-Mossotti equation − Polarizaion
tary ideas only). catastrophe − Ferroelectric domains
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 9

Occurrence of Superconductivity − Meissner ef- Unit 2 : Radioactive Decays

fect − Thermodynamics of Superconducting tran-
Alpha emission − Geiger − Nuttal law −
sition − London equation − Coherence length −
Gamow theory − Neutrino hypothesis − Femi the-
BCS theory − Flux quantization − Type-I and
ory of beta-decay − Selection rules − Nonconser-
Type-II Superconductors − Josephson tunneling
vation of parity − Gamma emission − Selection
effect − DC and AC Josephson effect − SQUID −
rules − Transition probability − Internal conver-
Recent developments in high Temperature Super-
sion − Nuclear isomerism
conductivity − Application of superconductors.
Detection of Nuclear Radiations : Interaction of
charged particles and X-rays with matter − Basic
Books for study and Reference principles of particle detectors − Ionization cham-
ber − Proportional counter and G.M counters −
Relevant chapters in Solid state detectors − Scintillation and semicon-
1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, ductor detectors
5th Edition (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1977)
2. N. W. Ashcrof and N. D. Mermin, Solid Unit 3 : Nuclear Reactions
State Physics (International Edition, Philadel- Q-values and kinematics of nuclear cross sec-
phia, 1976) tions − Energy and angular dependence − Reci-
3. J. S. Blakemore, Solid State Physics, Second procity theorem − Breit-Wigner formula − Com-
Edition (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pound nucleus − Resonance theory − Optical
London, 1974) model
4. A. J. Dekker, Solid State Physics (Mac Millan, Nuclear Models : Shell model − Liquid drop
Madras, 1971) model − Collective model
5. M. M. Woolfson, An Introduction to X-
ray Crystallography (Cambridge University Press, Unit 4 : Accelerators
Cambridge, 1991)
6. Thomas P. Sheahen, Introduction to High- Cyclotron − Synchrocyclotron − Betaron −
Temperature Superconductors (Plenum press, New Synchrotron − Linear accelerators
York, 1994) Nuclear Fission and Fusion : Characteristics of
7. S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics (New Age In- fission − Mass distribution of fragments − Ra-
ternational (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1995) dioactive decay processes − Fission cross section
− Energy in fission − Bohr-Wheeler’s theory of
nuclear fission − Fission reactors − Thermal re-
actors − Homogeneous reactors − Heterogeneous
C7 : Nuclear and Particle Physics reactors − Basic fusion processes − Characteris-
tics of fusion − Solar fusion − Controlled fusion
Unit 1 : Basic Nuclear Properties
reactors − Cold fusion
Nuclear size, shape, mass − Charge distribution
− Spin and parity − Binding energy − Semi em- Unit 5 : Elementary Particles
pirical mass formula − Nuclear stability − Mass Building blocks of nucleus − Nucleons, leptons,
parabola mesons, baryons, hyperons, hadrons, strange par-
Nuclear Forces : Nature of nuclear forces − ticles − Classification of fundamental forces and
Ground state of deuteron − Magnetic dipole mo- elementary particals − Basic conservation laws −
ment of deuteron − Proton-neutron scattering at Additional conservation laws : Baryonic, leptonic,
low energies − Scattering length, phase shift − strangeness and isospin charges/quantum num-
Proton-proton scattering at low energies − Prop- bers − Gell-Mann − Nishijima formula − Multi-
erties of nuclear forces − Spin dependence − plets − Invariance under time reversal (T), charge
Charge symmetry − Charge independence − Re- conjugation (C) and parity (P) − TCP theorem −
pulsion at short distances − Exchange forces − Parity nonconservation in weak interactions − CP
Meson theory violation − Eight fold way and supermultiples −
10 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

SU(3) symmetry and quark model − Basic ideas Unit 3 : Crystal Growth Techniques
on the theories of weak and strong interactions.
Nucleation − Concept of formation of the crit-
ical nucleus − Spherical and cylindrical shapes of
Books for Study and Reference nucleus − Melt-growth − Bridgman method −
Relevant chapters in Czochralski method − Growth by vapour − Ba-
sis of vapour growth − Chemical vapour trans-
1. K. S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics port method − Low temperature solution growth
(John-Wiley, New York, 1987) − Solubility diagram − Slow cooling method −
2. S. B. Patel, Nuclear Physics : An Introduction Slow evaporation method − Gel growth method −
(Wiley-Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1991) Structure and property of gel − Different methods
3. B. L. Cohen, Concepts of Nuclear Physics (Tata
Me-Graw Hill, New Delhi, 1988) Unit 4 : Nonlinear Optics
4. H. S. Hans, Nuclear Physics : Experimental
and Theoretical (New Age International Publish- Wave propagation in an anisotropic crystal −
ers, New Delhi, 2001) polarization response of materials to light − Sec-
5. D. C. Cheng and G. K. O’Neill, Elementary ond order nonlinear processes − Sum and differ-
Particle Physics : An Introduction (Addison − ence frequency generation − Optical parametric
Wesley, New York, 1979) oscillations − Third order nonlinear optical pro-
6. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Par- cess − Third harmonic generation − Intensity de-
ticles, (Wiley International Edition, New York, pendent refractive index − Selffousing − Phase
1987) matching − optical bistability − Two photon ab-
sorption − Stimulated Raman scattering

Unit 5 : Resonance Spectroscopy

C8T : Experimental Techniques and
Instrumentation − Theory Nuclear magnetic resonance − Principle and
theory − Chemical shift − Spin-spin and spin −
Unit 1 : Error Analysis Lattice relaxation − Simple applications − Nu-
clear quardrupole resonance − Principle and ap-
Types of errors − Systematic and random er- plication to study of crystals − Electron spin res-
rors − Accuracy and Precision − Significant fig- onance − Theory − Hyperfine splitting in some
ures and round-off − Uncertainties and probable simple systems − Moessbauer spectroscopy −
error − Random variable − Mean, variance and Theory and application
standard deviation, Standard Deviation of Stan-
dard Deviation − Normal distribution − Sampling Books for study and Reference
technique − Propagation of errors − Estimates
of mean and errors: Instrumental uncertainties − Relevant chapters in
Statistical fluctuations − Chi square test − Good- 1. B. C. Nakra and K. K. Chaudry, Instrumena-
ness of fit tion, Measurement and Analysis (Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 1985)
Unit 2 : Basic Principles of some important in- 2. Austin E. Fribance, Industrial Instrumentation
struments Fundamentals (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1982)
Cathode ray oscilloscope − Its operation − 3. A. D. Helfrickand W. D. Cooper, Modern Elec-
Sweep, signal and function generators − Ideal and tronic Instrumentation and Measurement Tech-
real voltage sources − Local current − Load volt- niques (Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1995)
age − Thevinin’s theorem − Norton’s theorem − 4. A. Carrington and A. D. Mc Lachlan, Introduc-
troubleshooting − shorts and opens in a circuit − tion to Magnetic Resonance (Chapman and Hall,
Impedance and capacitance − Frequency analysis New York, 1980)
of reactive circuits − Measurement of magnetic 5. J. C. Brice, Crystal Growth Processes (John
field − Hall probe − SQUID Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986)
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 11

6. H. K. Henisch, Crystals in Gels and Liesegang E1 : Nonlinear Dynamics

Rings (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
Unit 1 : Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics
1986)
7. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spec- The notion of nonlinearity − Superposition
troscopy (TMH Edition, New Delhi, 1979) principle and its validity − Linear and nonlin-
8. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganice Chem- ear oscillators − Autonomous and nonautonomous
istry (East West Press, New Delhi, 1965) systems − Equilibrium points − Phase space −
9. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analy- Classification of equilibrium points − Limit cycle
sis for the Physical sciences (McGraw-Hill Book motion − Lorenz equations
Company, New York, 1969)
10. William T. Silfvast Laser Fundamentals Unit 2 : Bifurcation and Chaos in Dissipative Sys-
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998) tems
11. D. L. Mills, Nonlinear Optics − Basic Con- Some simple bifurcations − The Logistic map:
cepts (Springer, Berlin, 1998) Period doubling phenomenon − Onset of chaos −
Bifurcation scenario in Duffing oscillator − Non-
C8P : Experimental Techniques and linear electronic circuits : chaos in Chua and MLC
Instrumentation − Practice circuits

List of experiments Unit 3 : Chaos in Conservative Systems

A. Condensed Matter Physics Poincare cross section − Possible orbits in con-
1. Determination of Planck’s Constant servative systems − Henon-Heiles system − Char-
2. Crystal Growth acterization of regular and chaotic motions : Lya-
3. Determination of Wavelength of He-Ne Laser punov exponents − Numerical computation −
4. Determination of Melting Point Power spectrum and dynamical motion
5. Refractive Index using He-Ne laser
6. Forbidden Energy gap in Pn junction Unit 4 : Finite Dimensional Integrable Nonlinear
7. Determination of Circular aperture Diameter Dynamical Systems
8. Density Measurement The notion of integrability − complete integra-
9. Identification of Functional Groups using FTIR bility − How to detect integrability : Painleve
spectroscopy analysis − Examples − Symmetries and integra-
10. X-Ray Powder diffraction bility − Integrals of motion − Integrable discrete
11. Particle size determination using He-Ne Laser systems
12. Determination of wavelength of He-Ne Laser
using Michelson interferometer Unit 5 : Soliton and Complete Integrability
13. Determination of width of single slit
Nonlinear dispersive systems − Cnoidal and
B. Biophysics solitary waves − The Scott Russel phenomenon
and K-dV equation − Fermi − Pasta − Ulam
1. pH titration of an amino acid
numerical experiment − Numerical experiment of
2. Preparation of caesin from milk
Zabusky and Kruskal − Birth of soliton − Lax pair
3. Separation of leaf pigments on calcium carbon-
− Inverse scattering transform method for K-dV
ate
equation − Explicit soliton solutions − Bilineari-
4. Conductivity measurements of a given solution
sation method − Applications
5. Viscosity measurements of a given solution
6. Ultrasonic interferometry of a given solution
Books for Study and Reference
7. Polarimetry study of sugar solutions
Relevant chapters in
1. M. Lakshmanan and S. Rajasekar, Nonlin-
III. Elective ear Dynamics : Integrability Chaos and Patterns
(Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003)
12 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, BHARTHIDASAN UNIVERSITY

2. M. Lakshmanan and K. Murali, Chaos in Non- Unit 3 : Structure and Function of Carbohydrates
linear Oscillators (World Scientific, Singapore, Classification − Nomenclature − L and D sug-
1996) ars − Monosaccharides − Stereoisomerism of sug-
3. P. G. Drazin, Nonlinear Systems (Cambridge ars − Confirmation of pyranoid rings − Disaccha-
University Press, Cambridge, 1992) rides − Types of linkages in poly saccharides −
4. A. J. Lichtenberg and M. A. Lieberman, Regu- Structure of maltose, celloboise, lactose and lami-
lar and Stochastic Motion (Springer−Verlag, Hei- narabiose − Ramachandran map for disacharies −
delberg, 1992) Conformational energy map − polysaccharides −
5. P. G. Drazin and R. S. Johnson, Solitons: An Carbohydrate peptide linkages − Functions glyco-
Introduction (Cambridge University Press, Cam- proteins − Muco polysaccharides − Functions −
bridge, 1989) Bacterial cell wall − Structure of peptidoglycan −
6. M. J. Ablowitz and P. A. Clarkson, Solitons, Mode of penicillin action
Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Inverse Scat-
tering (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Unit 4 : Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids
1991)
Conformations of monomer nucleosides and nu-
cleotides − Structure of oligon nucleotides − Base
pairing and base stacking − Structure of DNA −
E2 : Molecular Biophysics Watson and Crick model − Variations in DNA
structure − Polymonphism − A, B and Z DNA
Unit 1 : Cellular Basis of Life − Structure of RNA and t RNA − Usual DNA
structures − High order DNA structures − Ge-
Structure and constitution of animal cell − netic code − Protein biosynthesis − Origin of life
Plant cell and bacterial cell − Molecular con- − Reverse Principles of Macromolecular assembly:
stituents of cell (elementary ideas) Structure of viruses − Types − packing of protein
Stereochemistry and conformation : Asymmet- subunits − Structure of TMV − HIV viruses
ric carbon − Isomerism − Types − Constitution,
Configuration and Conformation − Chirality − Unit 5 : Crystallography
Fisher convention − L and D system R-S system X-rays − Generation − Detecion of X-rays −
− Torision angles − Conformation of ethane and Crystal diffraction − Data collection − Weis-
n butane − Barrier to rotation senberg, Precession and diffractometer methods
of recording and measurement of X-ray intensity
Unit 2 : Structure and Function of Proteins − Data reduction p Wilson plot − Scale factor
and temperature factor − Crystal Structure de-
Amino acids − Peptide bond − Rigid planar termination − Space group determination − Sys-
peptide − cis and trans configuration − Allowed tematic absences − Phase problem − Methods of
conformation of a pair of linked peptide units − solution − Patterson and heavy atom method −
Torsion angles − Phi and Psi − Steric hindrance Isomorphous and anomalous scattering methods
− Hardsphere approximation − Contact criteria − Direct methods − Sayre’s relation − Tangent
− Ramachandran diagram − Map for glycine and formula − Structure solution and structure refine-
alanine residues − Conformational energy − Non ment − Fourier and least squares methods − R-
covalent forces − Description of various interac- factor − Interpretation of results − Bond length
tions by potential functions − Energy map − − Bond-angle, torison-angle − Conformation
Minimisation of energy − Functions of Proteins Elementary theory of the diffraction − Protein
− Classification of proteins into globular and fi- modelling and drug design
brous − Levels of structural organisation − Types
of secondary structures − Helix − b sheet − Books for Study and Reference
Turns − Super secondary and domain structure 1. A. I. Lehninger, D. I. Nelson and M. M. Cox,
− Structure of collagen and silk − Bioinformatics Principles of Biochemsitry (CBS Publishers, New
− Biomolecular data bases − applications Delhi, 1993)
M.SC. PHYSICS (AUTONOMOUS) COURSE : SYLLABUS 13

2. I. Stryer, Biochemsitry (W. H. Freeman and Unit 3 : Exhaust Fan

Co., New York, 1995) Different parts of exhaust fan, opening the ex-
3. G. E. Schulz and R. H. Schirmer, Principles of haust fan, assembling exhaust fan, precautions
Protein Structure (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984) motor of exhaust fan, Fault finding of exhaust fan.
4. C. R. Cantor and P. R. Schimmel, Biophysical
Chemistry: Part I, II and III (W. H. Freeman and Unit 4 : Room Cooler
Co. New York, 1980)
Cooler pump, motor of cooler pump, capacity
5. C. Branden and J. Tooze, Introduction to Pro-
of cooler pump, open the cooler pump, rewind-
tein Structure (Garland Publishing, 1991)
ing cooler pump motor, Coil connections of cooler
6. Thomas E. Creighton, Protein Structure and
pump, checking of induced of magnetic field in the
Molecular Properties (W. H. Freeman and Com-
motor, working procedure of cooler fan motor.
pany, New York, 1993)
7. V. S. R. Rao, P. K. Qasba, P. V. Balaji and Unit 5 : Electric mixy
R. Chandrasekaran, Conformation of Carbohy-
drates (Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsteer- Different part of mixy, motor of mixy, chang-
dam, 1998) ing the direction of mixy motor, sparking on the
8. M. M. Woolfson, An Introduction to X- commutator, testing the armature, rewinding the
ray Crystallography (Cambridge University Press, armature, checking armature after removing de-
Cambridge, 1980) fective winding, Fault finding of mixy.
9. M. F. C. Ladd and R. A. Palmar, Structure Unit 6 : Electric Geyser
Determination by X-ray Crystallography (Plenum
Press, New York, 1977) Types of electric geyser, testing and repairing of
10. T. L. Blundell and L. N. Johnson, Pro- geyser, Fault finding of Geyser.
tein Crystallography (Academic Press, New York,
1976)

IV. Extra Disciplanary

ED1 : Electronic and Electrical Home

Appliances
Unit 1 : Heater
Room Heater, Electric Stove(heater), Making
heater element, method of making element, Test-
ing, Fault finding, precautions, general faults of
immersion heater.

Unit 2 : Electric Iron

Common electric press or nonautomatic elec-
tric press, Main parts of common electric press,
method of opening the press, re-assembling the
electric press, Testing the electric press, Fault find-
ing of common electric press, automatic press,
Thermostat, circuit diagram of automatic press,
Working procedure of thermostat, Steam press.