SMG-2 INPUT DETAILS FOR LINE PROTECTION

1 System Voltage : 220 kV

2 Voltae transformer primary : 220 kV

3 Voltae transformer secondary : 110 V

4 CT ratio Pri : 600 A

5 CT ratio sec : 1 A

6 Maximum power flow : 230 MVA

7 System frequency : 50 Hz

8 3Ø Fault Current : 50000 A

9 Line Details : ACSR Drake

Line Data's
Details Parameters Actual shortest Longest

Length KM 86 40 157

Resistance 0.0804 0.0804 0.0804

+ve sequence
Reactance 0.3999 0.3999 0.3999

Resistance 0.229 0.229 0.229

zero sequence
Reactance 1.246 1.246 1.246
 SMG-2 Distance Protection(21)

Relay details
Relay Type : 7SA522
Make : SIEMENS
Rated current : 1A

CT Details
CT Ratio : 600 A
Adopted Ratio : 600
CT Secondary : 1A

System Details
VT Primary : 220kV
VT Secondary : 110V
Voltage Level : 220kV
Frequency : 50Hz

Zone Reach Details

Main-1 Protection - Distance Protection - Make SIEMEN'S-7SA522
The relay shall work in Permissive Over Reach (POR) mode with the following settings:

Zone Details (As per CEA specifications)

Zone 1 : 80% of the protected Line

Zone 2 : 100% of the protected Line + 50% of Adjacent shortest line
Zone 3 : 100% of the protected Line + 100% of Adjacent Longest line
Zone 4 : 20% of protected line (reverse reach)

VT Ratio : 220x1000 / 110

: 2000
CT Ratio : 600 / 1 A
: 600
Transformation Ratio N = CT Ratio / VT Ratio
= 0.300

Calculated Sec Impedance Zsec = N x Z prim in ohm

Zprim = Primary Impedance in ohm

OHL Data:
BASE kV : 220kV
BASE MVA : 230.0 MVA
Line Length : 86.0Km

ARC and Tower Footing Resistance

A separate arc Resistance tolerance can be set for earth faults.An resistance of 4.9 Ohms
and Tower footing resistance of 9.5 Ohms (Primary Values)

Arc Resistance : 4.9 Ohm(Primary)

Tower footing Resistance : 9.5 Ohm(Primary)
Calculation
Setting for Earth Impedance Ratio

Resistance Ratio RE/RL = 1/3((R0/R1)-1)

R0 = 0.229
R1 = 0.0804
= 0.62

Reactance Ratio XE/XL = 1/3((X0/X1)-1)

X0 = 1.246
X1 = 0.400
= 0.705

Line Angle Setting Tan φ = XL/RL

φ = Tan -1 (X1/R1)
= 78.63 Degree

Zone 1 Reach Values:

Positive Sequence Reactance = X1 x N x Line length x (% )of zone 1
X(Z1) = 8.2539
Set at X(Z1) = 8.2539 ohm

Positive Sequence Resistance = ((R1 x (%) of zone 1 x KM) + (1/2*Rarc)) X N

R(Z1) 2.394
Set at R(Z1) = 2.394 ohm

Combination of Arc Resistance and Tower footing Resistance

RE (Z1) = ((R1 x (%) of zone 1 x KM) + (Rarc + RT)) X N
Set at RE (Z1) = 5.979 ohm

Zone 2 Reach Values:

Positive Sequence Reactance = ((X1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (X1 x 50% of
Adjacent Shortest Line)X N)
X(Z2) = 12.717
Set at X(Z2) = 12.717 ohm

Positive Sequence Resistance = ((R1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (R1 x 50% of
the Adjacent shortest Line)+(1/2*Rarc)) x N

R(Z2) 3.292
Set at R(Z2) = 3.292 ohm

Combination of Arc Resistance and Tower footing Resistance

RE (Z2) = ((R1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (R1 x 50% of
the Adjacent shortest Line)+(Rarc + RT)) x N

Set at RE (Z2) = 6.877 ohm

Zone 3 Reach Values:
Positive Sequence Reactance = ((X1 x 100% of the protected line)+(X1 x 100% of
the Adjacent Longest line) x N)
X(Z3) = 29.153
Set at X(Z3) = 29.153 ohm

Positive Sequence Resistance = ((R1 x 100% of the protected line) + (R1 x 100%
Adjacent longest Line) + (1/2*Rarc)) x N
R(Z3) 6.596
Set at R(Z3) = 6.596 ohm

Combination of Arc Resistance and Tower footing Resistance

RE (Z3) = ((R1 x 100% of the protected line) + (R1 x 100%
Adjacent longest Line) + (Rarc + RT)) x N
Set at RE (Z3) = 10.181 ohm

Zone 4 Reach Values:

Positive Sequence Reactance = X1 x N x Line length x (% )of zone 4
X(Z4) = 2.063
Set at X(Z4) = 2.063 ohm

Positive Sequence Resistance = ((R1 x KM x (%) of zone 4) + (1/2*Rarc)) x N

R(Z4) 1.150
Set at R(Z4) = 1.150 ohm

Combination of Arc Resistance and Tower footing Resistance

RE (Z4) = ((R1 x KM x (%) of zone 4) + (Rarc + RT)) x N
Set at RE (Z4) = 4.735 ohm

Zone Z1B Reach Values: (POTT)

Positive Sequence Reactance = ((X1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (X1 x 50% of
Adjacent Shortest Line)X N)
X(Z1B) = 12.717
Set at X(Z1B) = 12.717 ohm

Positive Sequence Resistance = ((R1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (R1 x 50% of
the Adjacent shortest Line)+(1/2*Rarc)) x N

R(Z1B) 3.292
Set at R(Z1B) = 3.292 ohm

Combination of Arc Resistance and Tower footing Resistance

RE (Z1B) = ((R1 x 100% of the protected Line) + (R1 x 50% of
the Adjacent shortest Line)+(Rarc + RT)) x N

6.877
Set at RE(Z1B) = 6.877 ohm

Zone Timer Setting:

ZONE 1- t1 PP : 0.00 sec

ZONE 1- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE Z1B- t1 PP : 0.00 sec
ZONE Z1B- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PP : 0.40 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PE : 0.40 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PP : 0.80 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PE : 0.80 sec
ZONE 4- t1 PP : 1.20 sec
ZONE 4- t1 PE : 1.20 sec
 Power Swing:

Set to Z2 and Higher Zones blocked and no trip during Power swing

Load Impedance and Load Angle Calculation

Maximam Load current = 603.611 A

120% of Maximam Load current = 724.330 A
Minimum Operating Voltage = 0.9 x Un
= 198000
= 198000 V
Load Impedance ZLoad = Umin / sqrt(3) x Imax
= 198000 / sqrt(3) x 724.33
RLoad Primary Ph-Ph = 157.82 Ohm
RLoad Secondary = 47.35 Ohm
RLoad Secondary = 47.35 ohm
Rload (Ph-Ph) = RLoad Secondary - Security Margin 10%
Rload (Ph-Ph) = 42.6150 Ohm

IE POLE OPEN / IMAX = 0.4

For the double circuit lines, Ph-E load impedance will be
Ratio between Healthy Line IE and Imax when parallel line with Single pole Open condition

THE RATIO FOR THE LINE LENGTH ABOVE 25KM = 0.4 (As per Manual)
THE RATIO FOR THE LINE LENGTH BELOW 25KM = 0.6

RL PRIMARY PH-E = RL PRIMARY/(1+((IE POLE OPEN/IMAX)*(1+(RE/RL))))

= 95.856 Ohm

RL SECONDARY PH-E = 28.757 Ohm

Rload (Ph-E) = Rload(PH-E) Secondary - Security Margin 10%
= 26 Ohm

Minimum Power Factor Cosφmin = 0.85

φmin = 31.78 deg
Set Load Angle = φmax + 5
= 31.78 + 5"
= 37.0 deg

Line Reactance per Unit Length X' = Positive Seq reactance * CTR/PTR

X' = 0.11997 Ohms

HIGH SPEED SOTF OVER CURRENT

SOTF CURRENT SETTING SHOULD BE SET 2.5 TIMES OF RATED CT CURRENT

OF THE FEEDER
RATED CURRENT PRIMARY = 600 A
RATED CURRENT SECONDARY = 1 A
SOTF CURRENT SETTING = 2.5 A
DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT
THE EARTH FAULT CURRENT SETTING IS CONSIDER 30% OF FULL LOAD CURRENT

EARTH FAULT CURRENT = 30% OF FULL LOAD CURRENT

= 180 A
= 0.30 A
RELAY MINIMUM CURRENT = 0.05 A
CORRESPONDING PRIMARY = 30 A
TIME DIAL
THE TIME DELAY SHOULD BE CHOOSEN GREATER THAN ZONE-3 DELAY.
WE KEPT ZONE 3 TIME DELAY IS 0.8 sec

SO WE KEEP THE TIME DELAY OF 1 SEC WITH SAFETY MARGIN.

ADOPTED CURVE = IEC NORMAL INVERSE

PRIMARY FAULT CURRENT = 50000 A

SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT = 83.333 A

THE IDMT CURVE SHALL SATURATE 20 TIMES OF PICKUP CURRENT.SO WE HAD TAKEN THIS
CURRENT FOR TMS CALCULATION
20 TIMES OF PICKUP CURRENT = 20*180 A
= 3600 A
TMS = 0.53
Directional Angle = -45˚

50BF - BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION = 0.2 A

Ip> pickup setting = 0.1 Sec

T1 Delay after 1Pole start = 0.1 Sec

T1 Delay after 3Pole start = 0.2 Sec

T2 Delay os 2hd stage = Parallel with delay Time T1

T2 Start criteria

FUSE FAIL MONITORING

MEASURMENT SUPERVISION = ON
IF THE FUSE FAIL FUNCTION OPERATES, IT WILL BLOCK THE DISTANCE PROTECTION.
MINIMUM VOLTAGE THRESHOLD U> = 30 V
MAXIMAM CURRENT THRESHOLD I< = 0.1 A
MINIMUM VOLTAGE THRESHOLD U< = 15 V
DELTA CURRENT THRESHOLD = 0.1 A
VOLTAGE FAILURE SUPERVISION = WITH CURRENT SUPERVISION
DELAY VOLTAGE FAILURE SUPERVISION = 3 SEC
DIRECT TRIP SEND

DT SEND FOR OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 AND DEF

DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE = 0.02 Sec

TIME DELAY AFTER RECEIVED THE DT RECEIVE INPUT

OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION- PH-PH

STAGE -1 = 110% OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE
STAGE -1 = 121 V
TIME DELAY = 5 Sec

STAGE-2 = 140% OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE

STAGE-2 = 154 V
TIME DELAY = 0.1 Sec

AUTO RECLOSING FUNCTION

79 Auto Reclosing Function = ON
52-Ready interrogation at 1st trip = ON
Reclaim time after successful AR cycle = 20 Sec
AR Blocking during after manual close = 1 Sec
Evolving fault recognition = With Trip
Evolving fault (during the dead time) = Starts 3pole Ar-cycle
AR start - signal monitering time = 0.2 Sec
Circuit breaker (CB) Supervision time = 3 Sec
Send delay for remote close command = oo
Maximum dead time extention = oo
Start od AR Allowed in this cycle = YES
Action time = 0.2 Sec
Deat time after 1pole trip = 1 Sec
Deat time after 3pole trip = 1 Sec
Deat time after evolving fault = 1 Sec
52-Ready interrogation before reclosing = NO
Request for synchro check after 3pole AR = NO
Start AR with 21 (Distance protection) = YES

SYNCHRONIZING SETTINGS
MINIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT = 99 V (90% OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE)
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT = 121 V (110% OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE)
THRESHOLD V1,V2 WITHOUT VOLTAGE = 5.5 V
THRESHOLD V1,V2 WITH VOLTAGE = 88 V (80% OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE)
SWITCHING AT SYNCHRONOUS CONDITION = YES
ON COMMAND AT V1< AND V2> = YES
ON COMMAND AT V1> AND V2< = YES
ON COMMAND AT V1< AND V2< = NO
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE = 11 V
MAXIMUM FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE = 0.1 Hz
MAXIMUM ANGLE DIFFERENCE = 10 Deg
RELEASE DELAY AT SYNCH CONDITIONS = 0 Sec

NOTE:
These settings are applicable if the protection is enabled only in the configuration
If the protection is disabled in the configuration menu please ignore.