TRAX UG en V02b

TRAX
Transformer and Substation Test System
User’s Manual
WWW.MEGGER.COM
Art No. ZP-AJ01E Doc. AJ0383BE V02b 2015

TRAX

Transformer and Substation Test System

User’s Manual
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT & PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

© 2015, Megger Sweden AB. All rights reserved.
The contents of this manual are the property of Megger Sweden AB. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, except as permitted in written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made every reasonable
attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this document. However, the information contained in this manual is subject to change
without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached hardware schematics and technical
descriptions, or software listings that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only. Reproduction in whole or in part to create
working hardware or software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly prohibited, except as permitted by written license
agreement with Megger Sweden AB.
TRADEMARK NOTICES
Megger® and Programma® are trademarks registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other brand and product names mentioned in this
document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Megger Sweden AB is certified according to ISO 9001 and 14001.
Postal address: Visiting address:

Megger Sweden AB Megger Sweden AB
Box 724 Rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 17 DANDERYD SE-182 36 DANDERYD
SWEDEN SWEDEN
T +46 8 510 195 00 seinfo@megger.com
F +46 8 510 195 95 www.megger.com
AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 3

Contents
1 Introduction Power transformer turns-ratio measurements............. 25

................................................................ 6 CT excitation current.................................................. 25
CT ratio with voltage.................................................. 25
1.1 Product description.......................................6
CT ratio with current.................................................. 26
1.2 Features and benefits....................................6
Voltage withstand measurements............................... 26
User interface............................................................... 6
Applications................................................................. 6
4.4 Contact Resistance .....................................27
Safety........................................................................ 27
1.3 Warranty......................................................7
Settings...................................................................... 27
Receiving Instructions................................................... 7
Connection for measurement..................................... 28
Warranty repair............................................................ 7
Dual ground measurements....................................... 28
2 Safety 4.5 Winding resistance .....................................28
................................................................ 8 Safety........................................................................ 28
2.1 General.........................................................8 Controls for tap changer operation............................ 28
Symbols ...................................................................... 8 Settings...................................................................... 29
Warning and Caution Notices...................................... 8 Connection for measurement..................................... 30
Open ground detection................................................ 8 4.6 Demagnetization........................................31
Instrument safety......................................................... 8 Safety........................................................................ 31
2.2 Safety instructions.........................................9 Step-by-step instructions............................................ 31
Maintenance.............................................................. 10 4.7 Transformer turns ratio...............................32
3 Controls, indicators and connectors... 12 Safety........................................................................ 32
3.1 Side panel...................................................12 Settings...................................................................... 32
Step-by-step instructions............................................ 33
3.2 Top panel....................................................13
Screen and knob........................................................ 13 4.8 Excitation current .......................................34
Communication and safety........................................ 13 Safety........................................................................ 34
Transducer, binary outputs and timing........................ 13 Settings...................................................................... 34
Analog inputs............................................................ 14 Step-by-step instructions............................................ 34
4 Operating instructions 4.9 Short-circuit impedance / Leakage

.............................................................. 16 reactance.................................................35
Safety........................................................................ 35
4.1 Start-up screen...........................................16
Step-by-step instructions............................................ 35
Turn off TRAX............................................................ 16
Global settings........................................................... 16 5 Data handling and reporting.............. 36
GUI Settings............................................................. 16 5.1 General.......................................................36
Instruments................................................................ 17 5.2 Test object configuration.............................36
4.2 Manual Control .........................................19 No configuration – ”quick mode”.............................. 36
Safety........................................................................ 19 Test configuration...................................................... 36
Control knob............................................................. 20 5.3 Save and report..........................................37
Generator settings..................................................... 20 Save a test in a report file........................................... 37
Instrument settings.................................................... 20 Load a report............................................................. 37
4.3 Manual control application examples .........23 Report view................................................................ 38
Safety........................................................................ 23 5.4 TRAX logfile................................................39
Resistance measurements........................................... 23
6 Remote control and communication
Excitation current (impedance) measurements............ 24
ports..................................................... 40
Short-circuit/leakage reactance measurements........... 24
Zero-sequence impedance measurements.................. 24
6.1 Communication ports.................................40
4 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

6.2 Remote control...........................................40

Connecting a device to TRAX..................................... 40
Simulation mode........................................................ 40
7 Upgrading TRAX
.............................................................. 42
7.1 Upgrading..................................................42
Upgrading via Internet............................................... 42
Upgrading via USB..................................................... 42
8 Specifications
.............................................................. 44
Specifications TRAX..........................................44
Index........................................................ 46

1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Product description 1.2 Features and benefits

TRAX is a unique test system for testing power ▪▪Multi function system for transformer/substation
transformers, CTs, VTs, and many other substation testing
components. A variety of voltage and current levels
▪▪Outstanding flexibility for selecting output current
can be generated and measured with high precision or voltage signals for various tests
which allows the test system to be used for a wide
range of applications such as ratio, excitation, resist- ▪▪State of art measurement methods for advanced
ance, impedance and primary measurements of power diagnostic testing
system components. ▪▪Compact and lightweight
User interface
TRAX user interface architecture is based on a number
of individual apps/instruments dedicated for a specific
measurements or application. For manual testing,
a generic instrument, Manual Control, is available
where the user selects output, measurement inputs
and how the data should be processed. For testing
complete power products e.g. power transformers,
measurement results from different instruments can
be stored and reported for the specific object.
Applications
A variety of voltage and current levels can be
generated and measured with high precision which
allows the test system to be used for a wide range of
applications. Examples are:
▪▪Power transformer
▪▪Current transformer
▪▪Voltage transformer
▪▪Resistance testing
▪▪Primary testing

1 Introduction
1.3 Warranty
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for a period of
one year following shipment.
Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or
repairing, at our option, defective equipment.
This warranty does not include batteries, lamps or
other expendable items, where the original manufac-
turer’s warranty shall apply.
We make no other warranty. The warranty is void
in the event of negligence abuse (failure to follow
recommended operating procedures) or failure by the
customer to perform specific maintenance as indicat-
ed in this manual.
Receiving Instructions
▪▪Check the equipment received against the packing
list to ensure that all materials are present. Notify
Megger of any shortage.
▪▪Examine the instrument for damage received in
transit. If damage is discovered, file a claim with the
carrier at once and notify Megger, giving a detailed
description of the damage.
▪▪This instrument has been thoroughly tested and
inspected to meet rigid specifications before being
shipped. It is ready for use when set up as indicated
in this user manual.
Warranty repair
Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be
shipped prepaid and insured.
Contact your Megger representative for instructions
and a return authorization (RA) number.
Please indicate all pertinent information, including
problem symptoms.
Also specify the serial number and the catalog
number of the unit.

2 Safety
2 Safety
2.1 General
Caution
Important Caution, as used in this manual, is defined as
Read and comply with the following in- a condition or practice which could result in
structions. damage to or destruction of the equipment or
Always comply with local safety regula- apparatus under test.
tions.
Open ground detection

Symbols 1. The unit has an open ground detection circuit
Caution, refer to accompanying docu- with gives alarm if the mains outlet ground
ments. is missing or different from the station/test
specimen ground. The alarm can be configured
by the user to give an alarm only or actually lock
Protective conductor terminal. the unit and prohibit any test signal generation.
2. The mains outlet must have a PE, protective
earth (ground) connected to station ground.
Normally mains outlet PE is connected to station
Ground
ground. If that is not the case there are two
For connecting an additional
ground between the main unit and alternatives:
accessories or to ground external
objects e.g. optional trolley. ▪▪In compliance with local safety regulations
and permits, use an isolation transformer
Open ground = the ground Loop
where the secondary side Earth/Ground is
Detector will indicate that the separate
GROUND on the side panel is not con- to be connected to station ground using a
nected to ground. separate ground cable (not via TRAX unit!)
▪▪In compliance with local safety regulations
and permits, use a temporary grounding and
WEEE, Waste Electrical and Electronic
connect mains outlet ground with station
Equipment. Please utilize your local
WEEE collection facilities in the dispo- ground.
sition of this product and otherwise
observe all applicable requirements.
Instrument safety
1. This instrument operates from a single-phase
Warning and Caution Notices
power source. It has two-pole terminal with
Warning and caution notices are used throughout ground connector and requires a two-pole, 16A,
this manual where applicable and should be strictly three-terminal, live, neutral, and ground type
observed. These notices appear in the format shown connector. The voltage of the power source
below and are defined as follows: must be within the following rated operating
voltage: 100-240 V ± 10 %, 47 / 63 Hz.
Warning 2. Before making connection to the power source,
Warning, as used in this manual, is defined as determine that the instrument rating matches
a condition or practice which could result in the voltage of the power source and has a suita-
personal injury or loss of life. ble two-pole terminal with ground connector.

2 Safety
3. The power input plug must be inserted only 2.2 Safety instructions
into a mating receptacle with a ground contact.
Do not bypass the grounding connection. Any 1. The test set and the specimen to which it is
interruption of the grounding connection can connected are a possible source of high-voltage
create an electric shock hazard. Determine that electrical energy and all persons making or
the receptacle is properly wired before inserting assisting in tests must use all safety practice
the plug. precautions to prevent contact with energized
parts of the test equipment and related circuits.
2. Persons actually engaged in the test must stand
clear of all parts of the complete high-voltage
circuit, including all connections, unless the
test set is de-energized and all parts of the
test circuit are grounded. Persons not directly
involved with the work must be kept away from
test activities by suitable barriers, barricades, or
warnings.
3. Treat all terminals of high-voltage power
equipment as a potential electric shock hazard.
There is always the potential of voltages being
induced at these terminals because of proximity
to energized high-voltage lines or equipment.
4. Always ground both sides of the test specimen
before connecting any leads from the test set.
Whenever possible, always keep one side of the
test specimen grounded at all times. Always use
a safety ground stick to ground any high-volt-
age conductor. Always disconnect test leads
from power equipment before attempting to
disconnect them from the test set. The ground
connection must be the first made and the last
removed. Any interruption of the grounding
connection can create an electric shock hazard.
5. It is not possible to eliminate all potential
hazards from, and in using, electrical test
equipment. For this reason, every effort has
been made to point out in this instruction
manual the proper procedures and precautions
to be followed by the user in operating this
equipment and to mark the equipment itself
with precautionary warnings where appropriate.
It is not possible to foresee every hazard which
may occur in the various applications of this
equipment. It is therefore essential that the user,
in addition to following the safety rules in this
manual, also carefully consider all safety aspects
of the test before proceeding.
6. High-voltage discharges and other sources of
strong electric or magnetic fields may interfere
with the proper functioning of heart pacemak-
ers. Persons with heart pacemakers should
obtain expert advice on the possible risks before
operating this equipment or being close to the
equipment during operation.

2 Safety
7. All persons making or assisting in tests must Maintenance

use all practical safety precautions to prevent
1. DISCONNECT the MAINS plug before any
contact with energized parts of the test equip-
cleaning or maintenance.
ment and related circuits. Also follow all local
and company safety requirements. Persons 2. Maintenance should be performed only by
actually engaged in the test must stand clear of qualified personnel familiar with the hazards
all parts of the complete high- voltage circuit, involved with high-voltage test equipment.
including all connections, unless the test set is 3. Read and understand Safety in the User Manual
de-energized and all parts of the test circuit are before performing any service.
grounded. Persons not directly involved with the 4. Routine maintenance is all that is required for
work must be kept away from test activities by these test sets. The cables and connector panel
suitable barriers, barricades, or warnings. should be inspected frequently to be sure all
8. Safety is the responsibility of the user. connections are tight and all ground connec-
9. Misuse of this high-voltage equipment can be tions intact.
extremely dangerous. 5. The appearance of the test set can be main-
10. The purpose of this equipment is limited to use tained by occasional cleaning of the case,
as described in this manual. Do not use the panel and cable assemblies. The outside of the
equipment or its accessories with any device carrying case can be cleaned with detergent and
other than specifically described. water. Dry with a clean, dry cloth. The control
panel can be cleaned with a cloth dampened
11. Make sure that the instrument is properly
with detergent and water. Do not allow water
grounded, both through its AC power cord and
to penetrate panel holes, because damage to
through the ground connector. The AC power
components on the underside may occur. A
cord is the disconnecting device.
household all-purpose spray cleaner can be used
12. Before making any connections, make sure that
to clean the panel. Polish with a soft, dry cloth,
the instrument is de-energized and that all parts taking care not to scratch the display screen
of the test circuit are properly grounded. cover. The cables and mating panel receptacles
13. Never connect more than one output at the can be cleaned with isopropyl or denatured
time. All outputs are energized by the same alcohol applied with a clean cloth.
amplifier and therefore all outputs are energized
simultaneously.
14. Always disconnect test leads from test specimen
before attempting to disconnect them at the
test set.
15. The ground connection on the test set must
be the first made and the last removed. Any
interruption of the grounding connection can
create an electric shock hazard.
16. Operation is prohibited in rain or snow.
17. Do not use the test set in an explosive
atmosphere.
18. A qualified operator should be in attendance
at all times while the test equipment is in
operation.
19. Observe all safety warnings marked on the
equipment.
20. Corrective maintenance must only be performed
by qualified personnel who are familiar with the
design and operation of the test set and the
hazards involved.

3 Controls, indicators and connectors

3 Controls, indicators and

connectors
3.1 Side panel
7
1
8
2
3
4
9
5
10
11
12
6
13
1. 0-2200 V AC 11. Mains >265 V AC

1 A (max 1 minute). The output is additionally LED is lit if mains voltage exceeds 265 V. An elec-
disconnected with a relay and the output is “live” tronic protection switches off the generation.
only when this generator is selected. 12. MAINS INPUT 100-240 V AC, 16 A, 50/60 Hz
2. 0-250 V AC / 0-10 A Single phase + Ground.
10 A (max 1 min)
3. 0-16 A DC 13. Safety ground
0-16 A continuous For connecting an additional ground between
4. 0-300 V DC the main unit and accessories or to ground exter-
Rectified AC, max 10 A for 1 minute nal objects e.g. optional trolley.
5. 0-100 A DC
100 A (max 2 minutes, continuous 70 A)
WARNING
6. 0-200 A AC / 0-800 A AC
TRAX 220: 0-200 A (6 V), TRAX 208: 0-800 A (6 V)
The outputs 2 and 6 are connected inter-
7. AUX CONTROL nally to the same output transformer and
Ethernet communication and power (54 V DC) to should be considered “live” when one of
accessories. the outputs is activated.
8. F1 F2 Never connect more than one output at a
Main fuses 25 A time.
9. POWER
Output 0-235 V AC directly from power amplifier All test objects must be grounded at one
for powering accessories, TRAX TDX and TRAX
end at all times to minimize risks for high
TCX.
voltage interference entering the instru-
10. Ground ment.
To be connected to the test object ground before
connecting any other cables to the unit.

3.2 Top panel 3. INTERLOCK 2

Manual interlock. If activated, the power amplifi-
er shuts off when the interlock is open.
Screen and knob Note Interlock 2 can not be deactivated for 2.2 kV
output and when using the TDX120 acces-
sory.
4. Ground Loop Indicator
This yellow LED will indicate if the GROUND con-
nector on the side panel is not connected to the
same external ground as the mains outlet. See
section “Safety” for details.
5. INTERLOCK 1
Fixed interlock with key switch. If the key is in
the OFF position, or is not in the unit, the power
amplifier is OFF.
6. Connector for Wifi antenna, making it possible
to run the instrument wireless from a PC or tab-
let (option).
1 2
7. Communication Speaker
1. Capacitive touch screen. Beeper under the panel for sound indicator.
2. Knob for controlling selected output generator. 8. ON / OFF
Press to change value for the incremental steps Press button for 1 second and the instrument will
(e.g. 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 0.1 V). start. Press for 3 seconds and the instrument will
Also used as pairing device when connecting shut off.
TRAX for external control via Ethernet or Wifi.
9. STROBE
External strobe is optional, but when connected,
Communication and safety it will flash while generating voltage/current.
10. SAFE
Green LED indicates that the instrument is in a
safe state for connecting and disconnecting of
1 6
cables.
2 11. ACTIVE Indicator
Red LED continuous light – Instrument is ready
7 for generating voltage/current (armed).
Red LED flashes – Instrument is generating a
voltage or current or discharging an inductive
circuit after a DC test (winding resistance meas-
urements).
8 12. EMERGENCY
Stop button
Transducer, binary outputs and

3 9
timing
10
4 11
5 12
1 2 3 4
1. Ethernet port for running the instrument from
an external PC or connect it to an external net- 1. TRANS
work. General input for analog transducers and low
level analog signals e.g. motion transducers,
2. Three USB ports for multipurpose use: USB mem- Rogowski output etc.
ory stick, external mouse or keyboard.
2. CONTROL
close/open contacts for OLTC and circuit-breaker
control (up-down, close-trip)

3. TRIG IN
External trig input
4. TIMING
Binary inputs for timing measurements in timer
and relay testing applications. A and B inputs
dedicated for Start and Stop.
Analog inputs
1 2
1. VOLTAGE INPUTS
Four channels 0-250 V AC, 0-350 V DC
2. CURRENT INPUTS
Four channels 0-10 A AC, 0-10 A DC
Note Voltage and current cannot be measured on
the same channel simultaneously.
3. FUSES
4 x 500 mA/25 V AC fast, can be changed from
the outside, protects the low current gain shunt.
Inside the top panel, there are 4 x 15 A/250 V AC
fast fuses for the high current gain step
4. DC INPUTS
These two channels (R1 & R2) are designed for
measuring low DC voltage when measuring con-
tact and winding resistance, using the 100 A or
16 A DC current outputs. If the units are used for
measuring AC, max input is 40 V RMS.
5. LED INDICATORS
Red LED’s indicate which channel to connect
to depending on what software instruments is
used.

4 Operating instructions

4.1 Start-up screen Restart the TRAX SW (but not the HW)
1] Press for one second to turn on TRAX. Note When TRAX is operated from a
Restart PC, shortcut key F5 can also be
used for restart
Information; SW version, internal

temperatures etc
About
Turn off TRAX

1] Press for 3 seconds to turn off TRAX.
Global settings
1] Press for the global settings.
2] Press the button “+ GUI Settings”
A window with the following fields opens.
Selecting test instrument. If this is the
first instrument selected after starting
the unit, TRAX prepares itself for a new
Instrument test session. If previous tests are per-
formed, TRAX continues with the same
session (see section “Data handling and
reporting”)
New test file/report
New
Load a previous test session/report
Load
Opens the dialog for reading and
downloading TRAX logfiles with single
measurements (see section “Data GUI Settings
Logging handling and reporting”)
Global settings for all instruments
Generic
Standards ANSI or IEC
Bushing ANSI, IEC, Australian IEC, Custom
Global labels naming
settings Keypads Virtual keyboard can be turned on
or off (e.g. when using external
computer).
Theme Change GUI color scheme

Line 60, 50, 25 or 16 2/3 Hz Network

frequency Settings for TRAX remote operation. Not available
Test by Test tables are organized by tap or in offline mode.
winding.
Reversed Test tables are organized with mid-
Report
order for phase in reversed tap order.
next tap Test object Define naming for The first ID fields in
the report.
Buzzer On/Off
Headers Select fields to be used for identifica-
Autosave On/Off
fields tion in TRAX.
In autosave mode every measurement
result and test table are automatically
saved to file/report. If off, measure-
Safety
ments and tests are saved by the Interlock Interlock 2 can be selected as manda-
user. If changes are not saved, TRAX tory for all TRAX generators/outputs. If
will ask for saving before closing an turned off, interlock 2 is only mandato-
app or report. ry for 2 kV generator.
Remember Remember last means that TRAX Ground Can be turned on/off for all generators
settings starts with settings and configuration loop except 2 kV
as in the last performed individual detector
measurements and configuration. Note: Settings are not available in offline mode
In default setting, TRAX starts with
factory settings.
About
(Not visible in offline mode).
HW and SW version information
Internal temperature information (not available in offline
Regional mode)
Language Select language Legal information
Keyboard Select language for on-screen
keyboard Instruments
Decimal Select point or comma
1] Press to access the different instru-
separator
ments.
Time Hours:minutes:seconds in 24 or 12
format hour format
Date Select yyyy-mm-dd or mm/dd/yyyy
format
Custom labels
Define specific terminal naming
Updates
Release Select release version
Advanced Opens a list of available versions
Download Get the selected file
Create Copy the update file to USB (remote
PC only)
Install Selected update is installed (TRAX only)

My TRAX In “My TRAX”you can place TRAX Excitation current instrument is

your favourite instruments used for measuring current and im-
for easy access. pedance on one side of a transformer
Power Transformer Instruments suitible for Exitation with the opposite windings open.
testing power transformers. current
Current Transformer Instruments suitible for TRAX Short-circuit Impedance/Leakage
testing current transformers. Reactance instrument is intended for
Voltage transformer Instruments suitible for impedance measurements on the HV
testing voltage transformers. Short side of the transformer with the LV
Substation Instruments suitible for gen- circuit side shorted.
eral testing in substations. impedance
Demagnetization of transformer
2] The instruments shown under each tab can core, recommended before and after
be selected by pressing testing a transformer and in particular
Demag before excitation current and/or SFRA
measurements.
Manual Control is used to operate
TRAX in manual mode.
Manual
Control
Top menu buttons
Home
Report view
For selecting instruments to be shown under

respectively menu tab.
Short instrument description

The winding resistance instrument
is used for measuring DC resistance
in transformer windings and other
Winding objects with high inductance.
resistance
Turns ratio measurements on trans-
former windings (TTR).
Turn ratio
Contact resistance is used for DC low
resistance measurements on resistive
loads.
Contact
resistance

4.2 Manual Control

Measurement channel selection
Safety
Calculated parameters
Important
Read and comply with the safety instruc-
tions “2 Safety” on page 8. Oscilloscope
Always comply with local safety regula-
tions. Information; SW version, internal tempera-
tures etc.
1] Press
Output generators and input channels can be selected Help on screen e.g. wiring diagrams.
to perform a variety of measurements.
Saves the test results to report/file.
If it is the first test TRAX will ask for filename
TIP and location
All generators and analog measurement
Starts a new test for the same test session.
channels except transducer and timing
The new test will be reported as a new Table
channels can be accessed from Manual
if Manual Control is used for various tests
Control.
that you want to save and report as separate
tests.
Displays the individual measurements in the
test in a table format. Click one more time
to return to the control view.
Tick the checkbox to hold /
freeze values for reading with-
out capture data to the test.
The + button operate the output contact Ch 1.
The – button operate the output contact Ch 2.
Activating + or – buttons closes the contact
for about 500 ms. After one operation the
contacts are blocked for about 2 seconds
before the next operation is possible.
When the button is pressed, TRAX performs
a measurement while the test signal
continues
Start and stop the generator.
Output signals and selected measurement
signals are continuously displayed and
Home updated on the analog meters and in the
results.
When the generator is stopped, meas-
Report urement data and calculated parameters
are (default) automatically captured and
displayed and added to the test.
Instruments
Generator settings
Instrument settings

Control knob decreased back to zero. Ramp and hold times are
selectable.
Note The Manual Control is not designed for

resistance measurements on inductive loads.
If Manual Control is used for this, manual
setting with small and slow adjustment of test
current should be used. For measuring highly
The on screen knob is used in a similar way as the inductive loads, e.g. transformer windings, the
knob on panel. winding resistance instrument should be used.
1] Press to change value for the incremental
steps (e.g. 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 0.1 V). Instrument settings
2] Press and drag acording to the arrows to in- 1] Press
crease / decrease the value.
Generator settings
1] Press to make the generator settings.
2] Press the “Output” button to select generator
output.
Integration / Integration time for the individual

measurement measurement record
time time
Averaging Number of averaged measurement
records in the measured value
Display update Time interval for updating dis-
frequency played values
The following outputs are connected internally to the
Example: 1,1,1 means that a measurement is per-
same output transformer and should be considered
formed over 1 s, no additional averaging and the
“live” when one of the outputs is activated.
display is updated every second. 3,2,1 means that
▪▪0-250 V / 10 A AC a measurement is performed over 2 seconds and 3
▪▪0-800 (200) A AC measurements are averaged. The display shows a
running average every second.
The 2.2 kV output is additionally disconnected with a
relay and the output is “live” only when this genera-
Data capture and hold at generator stop
tor is selected.
Make desired action at generator stop, “Hold on
The 1, 16 and 100 A DC current outputs are intended
stop” and/or “Store on stop”.
for resistance measurements.
3] Make settings for “Fequency”. Instrument channel selection
4] Select “Manual” or “Ramp”. 1] Press to select measurement channels.
In manual mode the generator is started instantly. A
max generating time can be set.
In ramp mode, the output signal amplitude is
increased continuously, hold at the set value and

Scaling factor 1 / 0.01

Unit A
Phase Phase deviation as stated in datasheet
R
R1
R2
Voltage measurement channels intended for DC resist-
ance measurements
Int
Channels
Gen U
Ch 1 Gen I
Ch 2
Ch 3 Internal measurement channels. Always active show-
Ch 4 ing numerical RMS values in combination with values
in the analog meters. Needs to be selected to be
External multi-purpose AC/DC voltage or current captured and hold and/or used for calculations
measurement channels that are separately activated.
The measurement data can be selected to be dis-
Transducer played and used in calculations as:
AC RMS RMS value of the AC component in
Transducers can be used to convert a measurement
the test signal
signal to an appropriate current or voltage signal to be
measured by TRAX, e.g. active current clamps (current Freq Narrow-band data for the selected
to voltage). frequency
RMV Rectified Mean Value of signal
multiplied by 1.11 to equivalent RMS
value
DC DC value
Calculated parameters
1] Press
Voltage measurement channels
▪▪Voltage to voltage
▪▪Current to voltage
▪▪Custom to voltage
Current measurement channels
The dialog activates mathematical operations on test
▪▪Current to current data. Measured data can be used to calculate one or
▪▪Voltage to current two selected parameters out of the following list:
▪▪Custom to current
Conversion data for the transducer is entered in two
fields; Output entity and input entity (+ phase devia-
tion if applicable, default = 0)
Example:
Active current clamp, labeled 10 mV/A
Selected type A/V

For phase measurements, the lowest channel number 2] Press to stop the generator.
is reference (e.g. phase difference between Ch 1 and
Ch 2 is calculated as Ch 2 lag). Measurement data and calculated parameters are
captured and held. Pending instrument settings, the
For phase related measurements e.g. Z, X etc, the results are stored in the results table.
value is calculated with voltage reference.
Oscilloscope
1] Press
The oscilloscope can be used to monitor measurement
signals.
2] Press “Inputs” (red square) and select meas-
urement channels for display
3] Press “Freeze” to hold and show the oscillo-
scope picture
Start/Stop measurements
1] Press to start the measurement.
Output signals and selected measurement signals are
continuously displayed on the analog meters and in
the results fields.

4.3 Manual control

application examples
Safety
Important
Read and comply with the safety instruc- 6] Press “OK”.
tions “2 Safety” on page 8. 7] Press
tions. 8] Select resistance calculation “R DC (Ω)” using
“R1” and “Gen I”.
Note Manual Control is not designed for resistance

measurements on inductive loads e.g. trans-
former windings. If Manual Control is used
for this, manual setting with small and slow
adjustment of test current should be used.
For measuring highly inductive loads, e.g.
transformer windings, the winding resistance
instrument should be used.
The circuitry for safe discharge of inductive

loads is activated in Manual Control as well 9] Connect current and voltage leads to the test
as in the winding resistance instrument. object.
Discharge is performed via the current output
and the R1/R2 voltage measurement inputs. Note This is a 4-wire method. Connect voltage
sense leads “inside” the current leads connec-
tors. The connectors must NOT touch each
Resistance measurements other.
1] Press 10] Select an appropriate test current suitable
2] Select a DC current generator 1, 16 or 100 A for the test object.
output (pending the resistance of the test Always use as high current as possible but
object. Max resistance is about 10 kΩ when avoid unintentional heating of the test object.
generating 5 mA from the 1 A generator). 11] Press
Recommended test current ranges 12] Wait for results to stabilize.
1A 5 mA – 1 A Resistance range 13] Press and read the results.
generator 1 mΩ – 10 kΩ
16 A 100 mA – 16 A Resistance range
Warning
generator 160 μΩ – 500 Ω
When measuring inductive objects e.g.
100 A 10 A – 100 A Resistance range power transformers, do not remove any
generator 10 μΩ – 5 Ω cables until the winding is discharged and
3] Press the TRAX “active” indicator stops flash-
ing.
4] Select “R” > “R1” > “DC” In case of a power breakdown during
a measurement or a discharge process,
TRAX will still continue discharging.
Note For measuring high resistances it is possible to

use a simplified 2-wire technique. Connect the
1A DC outputs directly to the R1 inputs and
connect from R1 inputs to the resistor. Please
observe that maximum compliance voltage is
5] Select “Int” > “Gen I” > “DC”. about 50 V so select a very low current when
measuring in the kohm range.

Excitation current (impedance) 2] Select Gen I measurement channel, set to

freq, to capture an hold the excitation cur-
measurements rent and use the data for calculations.
1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending
3] Select Ch 1, set to freq, for voltage meas-
the expected saturation voltage of the test
urement. (Gen U can be used for the meas-
object.
urement but for higher accuracy a separate
2] Select “Gen I” and “Gen U” measurement voltage measurement using Ch 1 is recom-
channel set to frequency to measure the ex- mended).
citation voltage and current and use the data
4] Press and select e.g. Inductance, Imped-
for calculations.
ance, Power factor or other parameters to
3] Press and select e.g. “Inductance”, “Im- get appropriate data for the test.
pedance”, “Power factor” or other parame-
5] Connect current leads and voltage sense
ters to get additional information of the test
leads to 0-10 A output and channel 1 voltage
4] Connect the generator leads to the test input respectively. At sample, place voltage
object. sense leads “inside” current connectors.
5] Select an appropriate test voltage for the test 6] Short appropriate low voltage winding (e.g.
object or manually control the voltage (after first measurement of a YNyn0, measure 1U-
pressing ) and observe the excitation 1N, short 2U-2N).
current for e.g. determine saturation/knee-
7] Select an appropriate test current for the test
point.
object. For power transformer windings, typ-
6] Press to start the generator. ical test current are 1 to 5 A for short-circuit
impedance/leakage reactance measurements.
7] Wait for results to stabilize or manually con-
trol the voltage and observe the excitation 8] Press
current for e.g. determine saturation/knee-
9] Wait for results to stabilize.
point.
10] Press and read results.
8] Press and read the results.
Note The description above is using an internal cur- Zero-sequence impedance

rent measurement channel and measures the
total current generated into the test object.
measurements
(GST-GND) 1] Select 0-250V A generator and 55 Hz.
If the test object has two parallel parts e.g. a
winding in a delta configuration, the mea-
2] Select Gen I measurement channel, set to
sured value is the current going through one freq, to capture an hold the excitation cur-
winding in parallel with two series windings. rent and use the data for calculations.
For measuring excitation current on a single 3] Select Ch 1, set to freq, for voltage measure-
winding in a delta configuration, an external ment.
current measurement can be used and by
(Gen U can be also used for the measurement
grounding correctly a UST measurement can
but for higher accuracy on low inductances a
be perfromed.
separate voltage measurement using Ch 1 is
recommended).
Warning
When using 2.2 kV output and external 4] Press and select e.g. Inductance, Impedance,
ammeter, its is ABSOLUTELY MANDATORY Power factor or other parameters to get ap-
to ground black terminal and connect the propriate data from the test.
external current measurement channel 5] Connect generator leads and voltage sense
to the grounded side of the generator/ leads to 0-250V A output and Ch1 voltage
winding. input to one winding of the transformer.
6] Connect the other two windings of the
Short-circuit/leakage reactance transformer in parallel with the first winding
(e.g. for a YNyn transformer A-B-C should be
measurements connected in parallel).
1] Select 0-10 A generator.

7] Press to start the generato and adjust 7] Set a start voltage level at least 1% of max
the voltage to get an appropriate current, generator voltage, 2.5V and 22V for respec-
typically a few amps. tive generator.
8] Wait for results to stabilize. 8] Press to start the generating.
9] Press and read results. 9] Slowly increase voltage until knee point is
reached, or until a certain current level is
achieved e.g. 500 mA.
Power transformer turns-ratio Press data capture button to save a data
measurements point.
1] Select 0-250 V AC generator. Slowly decrease voltage in steps and after let
current stabilize, capture data points.
2] Select Ch 1 and Ch 2 for AC voltage measure-
ments set to freq. If excitation current needs 10] Press
to be recorded select Gen I measurement
channel set to Freq. CT ratio with voltage
3] Press and select ratio calculation “/ “
(division) between Ch 1 and Ch 2. If phase Caution
deviation is to be recorded select “Phase” Make sure that one side of primary side
between Ch 1 and Ch 2. winding is connected to ground at all
times. Otherwise, the measurement re-
4] Connect the generator cable to the HV wind-
sults will be affected and the instrument
ing.
may be damaged.
5] Connect the Ch 1 voltage measurement to
the HV winding and the Ch 2 voltage meas- 1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending
urement to the LV. the expected saturation voltage of the CT.
Select frequency, for highest accuracy 55Hz
Note This is a 4-wire method and the Ch 1 test frequency is recommended.
voltage measurement lead must NOT be 2] Activate Int Gen U, configure it to Freq.
connected “outside” or in contact with If excitation current of interest, also activate
the voltage generator lead. Int Gen I and configure it to AC RMS.
6] Select an appropriate test voltage for the 3] Activate Channel Ch 1, configure it to Volt-
test object. For power transformer windings, age (V) and Freq.
use 250 V for highest accuracy. 4] Press .
7] Wait for results to stabilize. For calculation 1, select ratio “/” (division)
between Gen U and Ch 1.
8] Press and read the results. If phase deviation is to be recorded, for
calculation 2, select “Phase” between Gen U
CT excitation current and Ch 1.
1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending 5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground.

the expected saturation voltage of the CT. 6] Connect black generator terminal to S2/X2
2] Select frequency, typically 50 or 60 Hz. and green (250V)/red (2200V) generator ter-
minal to CT terminal S1/X1.
3] Activate Int “Gen U”, configure it to RMV.
7] IMPORTANT
4] Activate Int “Gen I” configure it to AC RMS. Connect P1/H1 (or P2/H2) to ground.
5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground. Con- Connect Ch1 terminals to primary winding,
nect black generator terminal to S2/X2 and black terminal to P2/H2 and red terminal to
green (250V)/red (2200V) generator terminal P1/H1.
to CT terminal S1/X1.
8] Select an appropriate test voltage, best accu-
6] Make sure that one side of primary winding racy is achieved at about 75% of saturation
P1/H1 OR P2/H2 is floating (other side may be voltage.
connected to ground).
9] Press to start the generating.

10] Wait for results to stabilize 10] Press and read results.
11] Press and read results.
Voltage withstand measurements
TIP 1] Select 2.2 kV generator and 55 Hz.
If saturation voltage is unknown: start 2] Select Gen I and GenU measurement chan-
energize with a low voltage, approximate- nels set to Freq.
ly 1% of generator max voltage. Increase
the voltage slowly unit excitation current 3] If insulation properties are to be measured,
press and select e.g. Cp and PF.
start increase considerably (e.g. to 100
mA) and the lower voltage to about 75% 4] Connect generator leads to the test speci-
of its value result in high current. Now a men.
high accuracy measurement of “ratio with
5] Make sure the test object is connected to
voltage” is achieved. ground at one end (generator black)!
6] Set the test voltage as high as possible with
CT ratio with current respect to the test object. In most cases 2.2 kV
is used.
Caution 7] Press to start the generator
Make sure that one side of primary side
winding is connected to ground at all 8] Wait for results to stabilize.
times. Otherwise, the measurement re- 9] 7] Press and read results.
sults will be affected and the instrument
may be damaged. Note The test mode is GST-GND which means that
the total current to ground will be measured.
1] Select 0-200 A (or 0-800 A if TRAX 280) gen- The test result will be affected by all stray
erator. capacitors including e.g. cables and surface
Select frequency, typically 50 or 60 Hz. current. To estimate the effect of cables (typ-
ically 50-100 pF), measure the cables when
2] Activate Int GenI, configure it to Freq. not connected to the specimen.
3] Activate Cannel Ch 1, configure it to Current
(A) and Freq.
4] 4. Press
For calculation 1, select ratio “/” (division)
between Gen I and Ch 1.
If phase deviation is to be recorded, for cal-
culation 2, select “Phase” between Gen I and
Ch 1.
5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground.
Connect black Ch 1 terminal to terminal S2/
X2 and red Ch 1 to terminal S1/X1.
6] IMPORTANT
Connect P1/H1 (or P2/H2) to ground.
Connect 200A/800A current output terminals
to primary winding, black terminal to P2/H2
and red terminal to P1/H1.
7] Select an appropriate test current, usually
rated primary current or a fraction of rated
primary current.
Make sure expected resulted secondary cur-
rent is lower than 10A.
8] Press to start the generator.
9] Wait for results to stabilize

2] Set “Temperature correction” to “On” to

4.4 Contact Resistance enable the settings.
Safety Temperature correction

Temperature On/Off
Important correction Measured values will be
Read and comply with the safety instruc- automatically corrected to
tions “2 Safety” on page 8. the reference temperature
Object temp (°C) Enter the winding
tions.
temperature
Reference temp (°C) Reference temperature for
1] Press
the correction. 85, 75 or
customer defined.
Material coefficient For copper, aluminum or as
customer defined
Custom coefficient
DualGround
DualGround On/Off
Settings Clamp-on ammeter Set the ratio for the clamp-on
1] Press (mV/A) ammeter
Ramp
Integration
Ramp up time (s) 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 20
Integration/measure- 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 10
Constant current time (s) 3, 5, 10, 20, 60 or 3600
ment time
Ramp down time (s) 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 20
Averaging 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
Display update 1, 2, 3 or 4
frequency
3] Press “OK”.
4] Select desired “Test current” and “Genera-
tor”.
After selection the test current can be adjust-
ed within the actual current range.
5] Select “Continuous” if desired.
Single test is default.

Connection for measurement 4.5 Winding resistance

1] Connect to the test object and ground one
side. Safety
2] Press to start injecting current.
A) In single test, the measurement will be Important
performed automatically and the result is Read and comply with the safety instruc-
displayed. tions “2 Safety” on page 8.
B) In continuous mode, press to record Always comply with local safety regula-
each test and press to stop the gener- tions.
ator.
1] Press
Dual ground measurements
The DualGround feature is used in situations where
the current through the test object is not the same as
the generated current. A typical example is measuring
circuit breaker contacts while the circuit breaker is
grounded on both sides.
The winding resistance instrument is used for measur-

ing DC resistance in transformer windings and other
objects with high inductance. The instrument supports
single channel and dual channel measurements.
The parallel current is measured with an external Recommended test current ranges
clamp-on CT connected to channel R2 and a value for 1 A 5 mA – 1 A Resistance range 1 mΩ – 10 kΩ
the clamp-on ammeter in Volt / A is needed (settings 16 A 100 mA – 16 A Resistance range 160 µΩ – 500 Ω
page). This is used to calculate the current flowing in 100 A 10 A – 100 A Resistance range 10 µΩ – 5 Ω
the parallel path.
Note When testing transformer windings, the test
Measurements are performed as above and the current should be sufficient to saturate the
measured value is automatically adjusted for the core and thus minimizing inductance. This
parallel current. happens typically at about 1% of the rated
winding current. Avoid testing at > 15% of
rated current since this may cause heating
which will affect the accuracy. Typical test
currents are 1-15% and using 5-15% will give
fast and stable readings.
Controls for tap changer operation

The CONTROL contacts are used to remotely operate
the tap-changer.

+ / raise controls the left ch 1 contact.

- / lower controls the right ch 2 contact.
Buttons to use during operation Stability

Delta Select “Stability” or “Deviation” for
+ / raise displaying the difference between
actual and previous measurement
Autostop On/off
- / lower
Stability Select minimum values for stability
level
capture/measure data without stopping the
generator (for OLTC measurements). Stability Minimum time for stability before
time initiating measure/stop. E.g when
Activating + or - buttons closes the contact for about stability is > 99.99% for > 3 s the
500 ms. After one operation the contacts are blocked measurement is automatically
for about 2 seconds before the next operation is stopped.
possible. Demag When activated, TRAX suggest to
Run two wires from each contact and connect in warning do demagnetization when the WRM
parallel with the contacts for manually operating the app is to be closed.
tap-changer from the cabinet. Max carrying current
(short-term) is 35 A.
Note The tap-changer must be powered separately,

typically with 3-phase AC for the motor and a
DC control voltage.
Measurements can be performed on defined/
configured transformers or in “no configuration”.
Discharge is automatic when the generator is stopped
and performed via the current cables (primary) and
also (secondary) via the voltage measurement cables.
Discharge is also performed if the input power to
TRAX is accidentally lost.
CAUTION
The no power emergency discharge may Temperature correction
take significantly longer time due to Temperature On/Off
lower discharge voltage. Make sure to correction Measured values will be automat-
wait for a sufficient time (> 2 minutes for ically corrected to the reference
a large transformer) before removing any temperature
cables. Object temp Enter the winding temperature
(°C)
Reference Reference temperature for the correc-
Settings temp (°C) tion. 85, 75 or customer defined.
1] Press Custom ref
temp (°C)

Material For copper, aluminum or as customer

coefficient defined
Custom
coefficient
Connection for measurement

No configuration measurements
1] Ground one end of the test object.
2] Connect cables.
3] Select test current and start measurement.
4] When reading is stable, stop measurement
and the result is displayed.
5] Perform next measurement.
6] Discharge is automatic.
WARNING
Do not remove any cables until discharge
is finalized.
Winding resistance with transformer 4] Select test current and start measurement.
configuration
If no OLTC and no taps
1] Enter the transformer configuration. 1] When reading is stable, stop measurement
2] Ground one end of the winding and connect and the result is displayed.
the cables as described, e.g. current H1- X3 2] Reconnect cables and perform test on next
with H3X0 short, R1 H1-H3, R2 X0-X3. phase.
3] Pressing “?” will show the connection. Winding variation will be displayed when all phases
are measured.
If taps with DETC (de-energized tap changer)

Note In field tests, the transformer is often tested
with the DETC position “as found” and it may
not be recommended to change the DETC
selector switch. Make sure to confirm with
the transformer owner before making any
changes.
1] When reading is stable, stop measurement
and the result is displayed
2] Stop generator.
3] Operate tap changer.
4] Start generating, when reading is stable, stop
measurement and the result is displayed
5] Repeat from step 2 until last tap.
6] Reconnect cables and perform test on next
phase.

Winding variation will be displayed when all phases

are measured.
4.6 Demagnetization
If OLTC Safety
1] When reading is stable, Capture measure-
ment and the result is displayed. (Do not stop Important
generating until last tap is tested). Read and comply with the safety instruc-
2] Operate tap changer. If discontinuity, TRAX tions “2 Safety” on page 8.
will automatically stop the test and discharge Always comply with local safety regula-
the winding, if continuity TRAX is starting tions.
measurements on the next tap.
3] Continue until last tap. 1] Press
4] Stop generator/capture data when the read-
ing is stable.
5] Reconnect cables and perform test on next
phase.
Winding variation will be displayed when all phases
are measured.
Demagnetization is recommended before performing

any tests on the transformer and in particular before
excitation current and/or SFRA.
Demagnetization with TRAX is performed by injecting
an alternating and decreasing DC current to mag-
netize the core in two directions. Starting current is
normally selected as about the same as the last per-
formed winding resistance test and should be above
the DC saturation level of the actual winding (typically
1 % of rated winding current). Demagnetization is
normally done on the HV side of the transformer and
on the connection with the lowest excitation current
(the mid-leg for a YN configuration). For configura-
tions with no neutral demagnetization connection is
terminal-terminal.
The adaptive algorithm for the demagnetization pro-
cess is based on measuring and reducing Vs (voltage
* time). This implies that the voltage measurement R1
MUST be connected during demagnetization.
Step-by-step instructions
1] Connect generator cable and R1 measure-
ment cable to the transformer HV terminals.
If YN, connect to H2/V to neutral, if Y or D

connect H1/U to H2/V.

4.7 Transformer turns ratio
2] Select demagnetization current, normally the
same as the test current, about 1% of rated
Safety
winding current.
3] Press to start test Important
4] Demagnetization starts and stops automati- Read and comply with the safety instruc-
cally when finished. tions “2 Safety” on page 8.
tions.
1] Press
TRAX turns ratio app determines the transformer

turns-ratio as defined by international standards. The
instrument provides an excitation test voltage to the
primary windings of the transformer and measures
simultaneously the voltage at the corresponding
secondary winding. The voltage ratio is displayed and
compared with the expected target ratio.
TRAX measures ratio, phase deviation and excitation
current at the same time. Testing can be done at
power frequency, or preferably at a frequency differ-
ent from the power frequency to avoid interference.
Default test frequency is 55 Hz.
Settings
1] Press

Ratio Ratio can be displayed as TTR/

voltage ratio or nameplate ratio.
TTR/voltage ratio is calculated with
respect to the actual configuration
using common recalculation factors
for various configurations. When
selecting nameplate ratio, results
are calculated to reflect the ratio
between the transformers line-to-
line (nameplate) voltages.
Example: For a Dyn11 100 to 10 kV
transformer, the TTR/voltage ratio
is 10 x sqrt3, 100 kV to 10 kV/sqrt3
while the nameplate voltage is 10,
100 kV to 10 kV.
Phase deviation can be selected as degrees or
minutes
Max ratio error setting defines the limit where
(%) measured values should be
highlighted.
Frequency Test frequency selection; 50, 55
(default) or 60 Hz
4] Select test voltage.
No configuration
5] Press to start test
1] Connect cables.
6] Select next tap, operate tap changer and
2] Select test voltage. continue until all taps are measured.
3] Press to start test.
7] Reconnect cables to next phase. Press
4] Perform next measurement. to see connecting diagram.
5] Save results. 8] Measure all taps.
9] Continue with next phase.
With configuration
10] Save results.
1] Select transformer “Configuration” and en-
ter the first and last tap voltage values.
Note First tap voltage must be higher than nominal

voltage for the winding with taps and last tap
voltage lower.
In case the calculated tap voltage differs from
the nameplate it is possible to manually enter
the values in the table.
2] Press to display a connecting diagram.
3] Connect cables.

4.8 Excitation current Step-by-step instructions

No configuration
Safety
1] Select what generator to use, 250 V AC or
2200 V AC.
Important
Read and comply with the safety instruc- 2] Connect cables to the test object.
tions “2 Safety” on page 8. 3] Press to start the first test.
tions. 4] Readings will be displayed automatically
when stable and generator will stop.
5] Continue with next test. New tests will be
1] Press
added to the table. It is possible to re-meas-
ure a line in the table by activating the actual
row and start a new measurement.
6] When the test is finished the results can be
saved to a file/report.
With transformer configuration

1] Select transformer configuration and number
of taps.
2] Select what generator to use, 250 V AC or
2200 V AC.
3] Connect cables to the test object as described
TRAX Excitation current instrument is intended for
in the table and connection picture.
measuring current and impedance on one side of a
transformer with the opposite windings open. 4] Press to start the first test.
5] Readings will be displayed automatically
when stable and generator will stop.
WARNING 6] Continue with next test. New tests will be
The common practice is to measure added to the table. It is possible to re-meas-
excitation current on HV windings. If ure a line in the table by activating the actual
excitation current is to be measured on row and start a new measurement.
LV side on a transformer please note that
the HV side will be energized at a higher 7] When the test is finished the results can be
voltage that can be very dangerous. saved to a file/report.
Note The instrument is using an internal current

measurement channel and measures the total
Settings current generated into the test object (GST-
GND). If the test object has two parallel parts
e.g. a winding in a delta configuration, the
measured value is the current going through
one winding in parallel with two series wind-
ings.
For measuring excitation current on a single

winding in a delta configuration, Manual
Control with external current measurement
can be used and by doing correct grounding,
UST measurements can be performed.
Selection of calculated parameters to be displayed in

results table.

4.9 Short-circuit impedance nameplate. Three-phase equivalent works for Y and

delta configurations with the three LV terminals (but
/ Leakage reactance NOT the neutral) shorted. Make sure the shorts are
good with low resistance since LV current will be
test current multiplied with transformer ratio. Three-
Safety phase equivalent model does not work for Zigzag
configurations and the resulting impedance cannot be
Important compared with nameplate.
Read and comply with the safety instruc-
tions “2 Safety” on page 8.
tions. 1] Select transformer configuration (and num-
ber of taps, however this test is normally
done on nominal tap only).
1] Press
2] Enter required data for the transformer. For
“Impedance” and comparing with name-
plate, Nominal HV voltage (kV), Power (MVA)
and Impedance (%) must be entered.
3] Confirm cable connections/hook-up.
4] Select test frequency:
Default and recommended frequency for
short-circuit measurements is line frequen-
cy and winding variation is calculated for
Xs (leakage reactance). For higer frequen-
cy comparisons of Rs and Ls, select 500 Hz.
Please note that winding variation is still
TRAX Short-circuit Impedance/Leakage Reactance calculated for Xs.
instrument is intended for impedance measurements
on the HV side of the transformer with the LV side 5] Select test current (default 1 A). Short-circuit
shorted. impedance is not pending test current. Typ-
ical test current are 1-5 A. Note that maxi-
Without configuration you need to decide how to mum output voltage is 250 V which may be
connect and what to measure. With configuration, limiting the maximum test current.
the instrument supports short-circuit impedance/
leakage reactance measurement phase-by phase or by 6] Press to start the generator and meas-
using three-phase equivalent model. ure.
7] Reconnect cables to next phase.
Note Not all transformer configurations are sup-
ported in this app. Three phase equivalent 8] Save results.
impedance analysis is not supported for zig-
zag configurations. Per phase measurements
are not supported for configurations without
HV neutral (Dx, Yx and Zx). For measuring
these cofigurations on an individual basis with
custom connections and shorts, please use
Manual Control.
Per-phase measurements
When configuration is selected, TRAX suggest
measurements per-phase and the variation in leakage
reactance, Xs, is calculated and displayed.
Three-phase equivalent
By selecting “Impedance” the instrument auto-
matically selects three-phase equivalent model and
the results can be compared with the transformer

5 Data handling and reporting
5 Data handling and

reporting
5.1 General 5.2 Test object configuration
▪▪The data architecture in TRAX is based on tests
performed with a specific instrument where each No configuration – ”quick mode”
test can contain one or several measurements.
Several TRAX instruments are as default opened
▪▪Tests can be collected together in a test session without any test object configuration. This is a “quick
containing several tests on e.g. a power transformer. mode” that allows direct measurement without
▪▪Tests can be stored in files as separate tests or as a entering any specific information. You specify (and
file containing a complete session with several tests. can enter in the notes field) the connections and the
instrument displays the test results in the table. Any
▪▪A test session can only contain measurements for
number of measurements can be performed and if/
the same object/configuration. If a session is started
as “no configuration”, the consecutive tests in when the test is saved, the file will not contain any
the file are also without configuration. If a session test object information other than those entered
is started with configuration of e.g. a 2-w Dyn11 directly in the report file.
transformer with 17 taps, the consecutive tests will
automatically have the same configuration. Test configuration
▪▪A test session is started when TRAX is started and
In many situations it is advisable and sometimes
finished when TRAX is closed or when the user
mandatory to enter the test object configuration, e.g.
select “new” in the home view.
when measuring transformer turns ratio and compar-
▪▪Any test session can be saved in the report file ing with nameplate.
during the session, after the session or when closing
the session. This is defined as “active save” i.e. data When “Configuration” is selected, TRAX will ask for
is saved with an action e.g. with the “save” button information e.g. vector group, HV and LV voltage etc.
or when changing from one instrument to another. This information will be used in the consecutive tests
and stored in the report file.
▪▪If autosave mode is selected, TRAX will create a file
when the first (new) app is opened and contain one
first measurement, and ask for name and location.
After this, every measurement and/or change in the
instruments will be automatically saved.
▪▪Besides saving results from measurements and
tests, TRAXis automatically saving each individual
measurement in logfiles for each instrument. This is
to be considered as a back-up and not intended for
reporting

5.3 Save and report

A measurement or a test session can be saved to the
file/report during the session or after the session is
finalized. The report files can be viewed anytime by
loading a report file.
Save and Load – Menu buttons

Home
Return to previous report/file
Deleting file.
Can only be used if the file folder is
unlocked
Create new folder
Load files from TRAX or PC: (remote control

only).
5] Press “Filename” to enter the name.
Refresh folder content
6] Press “OK” button to save the file.
Lock/unlock folder for deleting files

Load a report
Save a test in a report file

1] Press to save.
If autosave is selected, TRAX automatically
ask for saving when the first app in the test
session is opened
2] Change/edit file name and press “OK”
1] Press the report button
2] Press to save.
1] Press
The “Load file” window will be shown.
3] To save in a new folder press .

4] Press to make a new folder.

Export TRAX file in *.xml format
Export TRAX report in text format for e.g. Excel

import
Activates / deactivates the buttons described in

the table below
The report may contain several tests

2] Press the actual icon to open the file in re- on multiple pages. The action buttons,
port view.
described below, are activated with the
setting button (upper right).
Report view Moves the test back to the actual instrument for
e.g. remaking or adding tests.
Starts a new test within the same test session.
Deleting a test from the session/report.
Copy the table in CSV/text format to a selected

destination e.g. a USB stick.
Note Deleting data in the file is not done until

question “Save changes?” is answered. If
deleting by mistake; Close/leave report view,
answer “No” on question to save changes.
3] To select another report, press to select The original report without any changes is
report/file. stored. Reload the report.
Report view – Menu buttons

Home
Return
Instruments
Load report / file
Save
Save changes in report
Save as
Save file to a new name and/or location e.g.
move from TRAX to PC
Print the report or save report as PDF (In PC only)

5.4 TRAX logfile

The logfiles are accessed via “Logging” in the home
menu. The files are organized by instruments.
Logfiles can be downloaded to USB or PC with the

upper right button. Filename is *.log. Format is tab
delimited text and the files can be directly imported as
data from text in Excel. See example below.
Time Winding Tap Current Resistance Delta Variation Resistance 2 Delta 2 Variation 2
11:52:51 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.924174187 39.56644257 0.000235426 0 0.973660409 0.000187598 0
11:53:03 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.076380386 32.28171063 0.121538153 0 0.237194891 1.840455434 0
11:54:04 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.106082446 38.84081864 3.44444E-05 0 0.983846815 1.26773E-05 0
11:54:32 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.083668884 32.63498291 0.016548239 0 1.170306359 0.076226851 0
11:54:42 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.055195139 54.94296597 0.342636801 0 2.317072453 1.146677321 0
11:55:02 H1-H3 / X0-X3 2 0.103727479 37.44032922 1.13043E-05 0 0.980653239 1.86864E-05 0
11:55:30 H1-H3 / X0-X3 3 0.104175874 36.3917319 1.05413E-05 0 0.979147993 1.69274E-05 0
11:56:07 H1-H3 / X0-X3 4 0.104941694 35.35998692 8.51567E-06 0 0.977370923 1.2129E-05 0
11:56:23 H1-H3 / X0-X3 5 0.081460103 30.02129672 0.015938011 0 1.179507766 0.085674521 0
11:56:45 H1-H3 / X0-X3 5 0.103032798 34.31936097 5.05995E-06 0 0.975768464 1.03729E-05 0
12:02:42 H2-H1 / X0-X1 1 0.103081662 38.04432664 3.98122E-06 0 0.966337894 9.31E-07 0
12:04:01 H3-H2 / X0-X2 1 0.103138932 37.95294625 4.37438E-06 0 0.990088735 4.14117E-06 0
12:05:06 H1-H3 / X0-X3 1 0.104439906 38.05558476 2.06672E-06 0 0.966084385 3.61709E-06 0
12:08:21 H3-H2 / X0-X2 1 0.103163203 37.9393904 3.97402E-06 0 0.989902723 1.38E-07 0
12:10:47 H1-H3 1 0.102972318 38.02995625 5.58813E-06 0 9.711347845 4.45106E-05 0
12:11:29 H2-H1 1 0.103699822 37.97597631 7.15273E-06 0 9.643218132 4.03315E-05 0
12:12:09 H3-H2 1 0.104708032 37.94920807 5.37002E-06 0 9.550365708 9.01596E-06 0
Note The logfiles are intended for emergency/back-

up use and are normally not used for report-
ing.

6 Remote control and communication ports
6 Remote control and

communication ports
6.1 Communication ports 6.2 Remote control
TRAX has the following data communication ports: TRAX220 and 280 can be used stand-alone or remote
control via an external device.
▪▪Ethernet port for running the instrument from an
external PC or connect it to an external network. TRAX219 is only used with remote control.
▪▪Wi-fi for running the instrument from an external
PC or other device. Connecting a device to TRAX
▪▪Three USB ports for multipurpose use: Transfer When connecting the device the first time, “TRAX
data and reports to PC, use an external mouse or Control” SW must be installed on the device. Find the
keyboard, upgrading the unit from a USB memory SW on the USB stick delivered with the unit and run/
stick etc. install on your device.
Connecting to TRAX:
1] Connect the Ethernet cable (or via WiFi) to
TRAX.
2] Wait until your device has discovered an un-
known unit (normally by displaying a “?” in
your network symbol)
3] Start TRAX Control.
4] After a while, the screen will display all TRAX
units found on the network.
5] Select the unit you want to connect to.
6] A dialog is started where you are asked to
confirm remote control by pressing and
holding the control knob on TRAX to allow
remote control.
7] Stop remote control by closing the program
and unlocking TRAX for stand-alone use.
Simulation mode
1] Start TRAX Control.
2] Select “Work offline” to access the TRAX SW
for demonstration/training purposes and for
working with TRAX reports.

7 Upgrading TRAX

7 Upgrading TRAX
7 Upgrading TRAX
7.1 Upgrading
TRAX SW can be upgraded via Internet or with a USB
stick.
Upgrading via Internet

1] Connect TRAX to an open Internet port with
unlimited access.
2] From the home page select “Settings” and
“Update”.
3] TRAX will start searching for available up-
dates and if/when an update is found, display
“Update available”.
4] Download the update.
5] Start the updating process.
Important
Do NOT interrupt the updating process.
Upgrading via USB

1] Insert the USB stick to one of the USB ports.
2] Select “Updates” and “USB”.
3] Download the update.
4] Start the updating process.
Important
Do NOT interrupt the updating process.

8 Specifications

8 Specifications
8 Specifications
Specifications TRAX 0-800 A AC 0-800 A/6 V, 30 s

0-250 A/10 V, 1 min
TRAX280
Specifications are valid at nominal input voltage and an ambient Frequency range:
temperature of +25°C ±5°, (77°F). Specifications are subject to 45-70 Hz
change without notice. 0-16 A DC 0-16 A, continuous
Evironment 0-1 A continuous
Application For use in high-voltage substations and industrial 0-300 VDC 0-10 A,1 minute Rectified DC. Intended to
field environments be used as e.g. auxiliary DC
Temperature supply
Operating -20°C to +55°C (-4°F to +131°F) 0-100 A DC 100 A, 1 minute
70 A, continuous
Storage -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to +158°F)
DC output Max 1000 VA ,
Humidity < 90%RH, non-condensing
power continuous
CE- marking Max 50 V compli-
EMC 2004/108/EC ance voltage
LVD 2006/95/EC Binary output 250 V / 35 A (max) Output contacts for LTC
2 x 0-10000 s and CB operation with
General
internal voltage and current
Mains input 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz (± 10%) measurements
Input current ≤ 16 A continuous
Short-term up to 30 A < 60 s
AUX
CONTROL 54 V DC Ethernet communication
Main fuses F1 and F2, 25 A
and power to accessories.
TEST GROUND
POWER 0-235 V AC Directly from power ampli-
To be connected to the test object ground before
fier for powering accesso-
connecting any other cables to the unit.
ries (TDX / TCX)
GROUND
With 12 kV AC
For connecting an additional ground between
TRAX TDX 0-12 kV, 1 min
the main unit and accessories or to ground exter-
0-12 kV / 300 mA,
nal objects e.g. optional trolley
4 min
Dimensions 475 x 315 x 330 mm (excl. handles) 0-12 kV / 100 mA,
(18.7” x 12.4” x 13”) continuous
Weight With 2000 A AC
TRAX 219 25 kg (55 lbs) TRAX TCX 0-2000 A/2.5 V,
TRAX 220 26 kg (57 lbs) 1 min
0-1000 A/5 V, 1 min
TRAX 280 30 kg (66 lbs)
Display Inputs
Size 10.4” ANALOG
Resolution 1024x768 XGA 1234
Type TFT touch Current 4 x 0-10 A AC / DC
Contrast ratio 1000:1 Voltage 4 x 250 / 350 V AC / DC
Nits 1000 R1 R2 2 x 0-50 V DC Intended for resistance
measurements but can be
Outputs used for AC voltage meas-
Item Specification Comment urement up to 60 V RMS
0-2200 VAC 1 A, 1 min The output is additionally TRANS Input for analog trans-
2500 VA (max) disconnected with a relay ducers and low level analog
Frequency range: and the output is “live” signals
5-70 Hz only when this generator is TRIG IN Contact or voltage sense
selected
TIMING 3 x 0-10000 s Binary inputs for timing
0-250 VAC / 10 A, 1 min measurements in timer and
0-10 A AC 20 A (short-term, relay testing applications. A
typically a few and B inputs dedicated for
seconds) Start and Stop.
Frequency range:
5-505 Hz
0-200 A AC 0-200 A/6 V, 1 min TRAX220
0-20 A/6 V, contin-
uous
Frequency range:
45-70 Hz

8 Specifications
Calculated / displayed parameters

Arithmetic +, -, *, /
Power P, VA, Q, S
Impedance R (DC), Z, Xp, Xs, Rs, Rp, Ls, Lp, Cs, Cp, phase
Time Binary start-stop-change, generator start-stop,
trig to event
User defined
formulas
Derating at lower mains voltage
TRAX specification is valid at 230-240 V mains voltage. Output
power is decreased at lower mains voltages.
Derating at high ambient temperature
TRAX specification is valid at 23 ±5°C. Max ouput current times
will be reduced when using TRAX in high ambient temperature
Measurement accuracy
External 0.05% of reading + 0.05% FS
AC / DC voltage
and current
Internal DC 0.1% of reading + 0.1% FS
current
Internal AC 0.2% of reading + 0.2% FS
current
Internal AC 0.2% of reading + 0.2% FS
voltage
COM
Ethernet port For running the instrument from an external PC
or connect it to an external network.
Connector for For running the instrument wireless from a PC or
Wifi antenna tablet. (Option)
USB 3 USB ports for multipurpose use

Index Oscilloscope................................................... 22
P
C Power transformer turns-ratio measurements.25
Communication.............................................. 13 Product description........................................... 6
Communication ports..................................... 40
R
Connectors..................................................... 12
Remote control............................................... 40
Contact Resistance........................................ 27
Reporting........................................................ 36
Control knob................................................... 20
Report view.................................................... 38
Controls.......................................................... 12
Resistance measurements............................. 23
CT excitation current...................................... 25
CT ratio with current....................................... 26 S
CT ratio with voltage....................................... 25 Safety............................................................... 8
D Safety instructions............................................ 9
Save and report.............................................. 37
Data handling................................................. 36
Save a test..................................................... 37
Demagnetization............................................ 31
Short-circuit Impedance................................. 35
Dual ground measurements........................... 28
Short-circuit measurements........................... 24
E Side panel...................................................... 12
Excitation current............................................ 24 Specifications................................................. 44
Excitation Current........................................... 34 Start-up screen............................................... 16
Symbols............................................................ 8
G
Generator settings.......................................... 20 T
GUI Settings................................................... 16 Test object configuration................................. 36
Top panel........................................................ 13
I
Transformer turns ratio................................... 32
impedance...................................................... 24
Turn off TRAX................................................. 16
Indicators........................................................ 12
Instrument description.................................... 18 U
Instruments..................................................... 17 Upgrading....................................................... 42
Instrument safety.............................................. 8
V
Instrument settings......................................... 20
Voltage withstand measurements.................. 26
L
W
Leakage Reactance....................................... 35
Warning and Caution Notices........................... 8
Leakage reactance measurements................ 24
Warranty........................................................... 7
Load a report.................................................. 37
Warranty repair................................................. 7
Logfile............................................................. 39
Winding resistance......................................... 28
M
Z
Maintenance................................................... 10
Zero-sequence impedance measurements.... 24
Manual control................................................ 23
Manual Control............................................... 19
O
Open ground detection..................................... 8
Operating instructions.................................... 16
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Postal address: Visiting address:

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Box 724 Rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 17 DANDERYD SE-182 36 DANDERYD
SWEDEN SWEDEN
T +46 8 510 195 00 seinfo@megger.com
F +46 8 510 195 95 www.megger.com
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TRAX

Transformer and Substation Test System

Art No. ZP-AJ01E Doc. AJ0383BE V02b 2015

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT & PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

Postal address: Visiting address:

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 3

1 Introduction Power transformer turns-ratio measurements............. 25

4 Operating instructions 4.9 Short-circuit impedance / Leakage

4 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

6.2 Remote control...........................................40

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 5

1.1 Product description 1.2 Features and benefits

6 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 7

Open ground detection

8 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 9

7. All persons making or assisting in tests must Maintenance

10 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 11

3 Controls, indicators and

1. 0-2200 V AC 11. Mains >265 V AC

12 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

3.2 Top panel 3. INTERLOCK 2

Transducer, binary outputs and

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 13

14 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 15

Information; SW version, internal

Turn off TRAX

16 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

Line 60, 50, 25 or 16 2/3 Hz Network

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 17

My TRAX In “My TRAX”you can place TRAX Excitation current instrument is

Top menu buttons

For selecting instruments to be shown under

Short instrument description

18 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

4.2 Manual Control

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 19

Note The Manual Control is not designed for

Integration / Integration time for the individual

20 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

Scaling factor 1 / 0.01

Voltage measurement channels

Selected type A/V

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 21

22 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

4.3 Manual control

Note Manual Control is not designed for resistance

The circuitry for safe discharge of inductive

Note For measuring high resistances it is possible to

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 23

Excitation current (impedance) 2] Select Gen I measurement channel, set to

Note The description above is using an internal cur- Zero-sequence impedance

24 TRAX ZP-AJ01E AJ0383BE

8] Wait for results to stabilize. 8] Press to start the generating.

1] Select 0-250 V or 0-2200 V generator pending 5] Connect CT terminal S2/X2 to ground.

AJ0383BE ZP-AJ01E TRAX 25