Syrups
Syrups
SYRUPS
Introduction:
Due to the inability of some children and elderly people to swallow solid dosage
forms, it is fairly common today for a pharmacist to be asked to prepare an oral liquid
dosage form of a medication available in the pharmacy.
Definition:
Syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations of 85% of sugar or sugar substitute
with or without flavoring agents and medicinal substances.
OR
Types:
There are three types of syrups:
1. Simple Syrup:
2. Flavoured Syrups:
They are mostly used to improve the taste of salty, bitter, or otherwise unpleasant
mixtures.
3. Medicated Syrups:
Here, the fluid extract of the respective medicines is mixed with the syrup.
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D16M137
PUCP
ii. Made from Chemicals:
This can be either by simple solution or by chemical reaction and solution. Here
the taste of the medicinal agents is greatly modified.
Examples:
Components of Syrups:
Most of the syrups contain the following components in addition to the purified
water and any medicinal agents present:
1. Sweetening Agent (the sugar, usually sucrose, or sugar substitute used to provide
sweetness and viscosity)
2. Antimicrobial Preservatives
3. Viscosity Modifier
4. Flavorants
5. Colorants
Many types of syrups, especially those prepared commercially, contain special
solvents, solubilizing agents, thickeners, or stabilizers.
Preparation of Syrups:
Pharmaceutical syrups are produced by mixing purified water, sweeteners, active
ingredients (API), aromas, flavours and other ingredients (thickeners) etc.
There are four methods. Based on the physical and chemical properties on the
ingredients, the choice of the method is selected:
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D16M137
PUCP
Solution with heat
Agitation without heat
Addition of sucrose to liquid medicament
Percolation method
1. Solution with Heat:
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D16M137
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The process consists of mixing the fluid extract or tincture with the water,
allowing the mixture to stand to permit the separation of the insoluble constituent.
The filtration is done.
After that the sucrose is dissolved in the filtrate.
Many such tinctures and fluid extract contain alcohol soluble constituents and are
prepared with alcoholic vehicles.
4. Percolation Method:
Invert Syrup:
Definition:
Invert syrup is a sugar syrup composed of equal parts glucose (C6H12O6) and
fructose (C6H12O6), derived from splitting a solution of sucrose (C12H22O11) in water
(H2O) into these component parts.
Name Derivation:
The concentration of sugar syrup can be measured by passing polarized light (light
whose waves are all aligned in a single plane which can be measured before and after it
enters the syrup) through the solution and measuring the degree of light wave rotation
upon exiting. A solution of pure sucrose will rotate the light 66.5 degrees to the right,
and as the sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose the exiting light will begin
rotating to the left. A fully converted sugar will have an exit rotation of 39 degrees to the
left. This inversion of the rotation from right to left gives the converted syrup its name.
Other Names:
Inverted syrup
Trimoline
Process:
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D16M137
PUCP
hydrolysis reaction is induced which splits the disaccharide into its two component parts.
By adding an acid catalyst such as lemon juice (10ml per kg sugar) or cream of tartar (1g
per kg sugar), the reaction can be accelerated. Pastry chefs often make invert syrup by
cooking sucrose syrup with an acid until thicker syrup is formed (e.g., boiling a
sucrose/acid solution for 20 minutes at 237°F). Invert syrup can be made in varying
thicknesses based on the ratio of sugar to water, and can be converted to varying degrees
(up to about 85% glucose/fructose) based on the reaction time.
Honey
Jams
Color:
Taste:
Advantages:
Packaging of Syrup:
Syrup, as a pharmaceutical product requires safe, secure and tamper - proof
handling while packaging. Packaging of syrups needs to ensure complete protection from
contamination and microbial growth. Our inevitable packaging support assures the safe
and secure packaging of syrups so as to ensure their extended shelf life.
Filling
Sealing
Capping
Coding & labeling
Wrapping
Advantages of Syrups:
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D16M137
PUCP