A accelerator

Aa

A = ampere: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä z abutment n. (a) part which

doøng ñieän another part comes up against so
AA = automotive association: Hieäp that its motion is stopped; a more
hoäi oâtoâ formal word for ‘stop’: Ñieåm
AAA = american automotive döøng
association: Hieäp hoäi oâtoâ nöôùc (b) making of contact, especially
Myõ by gear teeth: Choã tieáp xuùc
A-arm n. US = wishbone: Caùnh tay z abutting edge n. edge of a
ñoøn hình chöõ A panel where it joins another:
abrasion n. removal of surface Goùc noái
material from any solid, through z AC = alternating current: Doøng
friction action: Söï maøi moøn ñieän xoay chieàu
z abrasive n. substance used for A/C = air-conditioning: Maùy ñieàu hoøa
the removal of matter: Chaát lieäu khoâng khí
maøi moøn ACC = accelerate (used mostly on
z abrasive cleaner = cleaner cruise control): Taêng toác (nuùt
which removes a certain amount trong heä thoáng ga töï ñoäng)
of the surface: Maùy maøi z accelerate v. to go faster or
z abrasive disc = rotating disc of make faster: Taêng toác
sanding or grinding tool: Ñóa ñaù z accelerated test procedure =
maøi test which has been made quicker,
z abrasive paper = paper with a by leaving out or shortening
rough surface for the removal of certain items: Qui trình kieåm tra
matter: Giaáy nhaùm nhanh (bôùt moät soá coâng ñoaïn)
ABS = anti-lock braking system: Heä z accelerating agent =
thoáng phanh choáng haõm cöùng accelerator: Chaân ga, baøn ñaïp ga
z ABS override button = button z acceleration n. increase of
which cuts out the anti-lock speed: Söï taêng toác
braking system, for drivers who z sluggish acceleration =
want to take threshold braking into increase speed slowly: Söï taêng
their own hands: Nuùt ngaét heä toác chaäm chaïp
thoáng ABS z acceleration enrichment =
z ABS relay valve = electrically providing a richer fuel/air mixture
operated valve controlling the air is needed to provide extra power
pressure in an ABS system: Van and smooth response: Söï laøm
rôle ABS giaøu hoãn hôïp hoaø khí ñeå taêng toác
abut v. to make contact, especially of z accelerator n. (a) chemical
gear teeth: Tieáp xuùc agent which makes a reaction
happen more quickly, for instance

1
 in plastics production an additive which promotes the hardening
accelerator pump Ackermann steering

process of resins: Taùc nhaân laøm accident damage n. damage to the

taêng nhanh hoùa hoïc body-work of a vehicle resulting
(b) pedal which controls the from an accident: Söï hö hoûng
opening of the throttle: Baøn ñaïp thaân xe do tai naïn.
ga accumulator n. (a) storage battery,
z depress the accelerator or especially for an electrically
step on the accelerator = cause driven vehicle: Bình aéc quy
the throttle to open to make the (b) pressure reservoir for a
vehicle go faster : Nhaán ga, ñaïp suspension system with automatic
ga leveling: Tích aùp cho heä thoáng
z ease up on the accelerator = treo töï ñoäng
reduce the throttle opening to go (c) part of a hydraulic system
less fast: Giaûm ga which is charged by the fluid
z take one’s foot off the pump, absorbs fluctuating fluid
accelerator = close the throttle in delivery, stores fluid at pressure,
order to slow down: Buoâng chaân and can provide a rapid flow of
ga fluid sure pressure: Boä tích aùp
(NOTE: also called accelerator accumulator battery n. = storage
pedal or throttle pedal) battery: Bình aéc quy
z accelerator pump = carburetor z accumulator-drier n. device
device that improves acceleration on the low side of an air-
by injecting an additional amount conditioning system, usually at the
of fuel when the accelerator pedal evaporator outlet on the bulk-head
is depressed: Bôm taêng toác which store excess refrigerant; it
z acceptance test n. test of a consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
part or assembly for acceptable agent and a vapour return tube:
quality: Kieåm tra chaát löôïng chi Bình chöùa vaø loïc gas (laïnh)
tieát z accumulator system n.system
z access n. means of reaching in an automatic transmission
something: Söï tieán ñeán, söï daân comprising a hydraulic
leân. accumulator controlled by a valve,
z access hole = hole through and a running time throttle: Heä
which something can be reach, thoáng tích aùp (hoäp soá)
also a hole through which sealant z accumulator valve n.valve
is injected into cavities: Loã thoâng controlling hydraulic accumulator:
accessories n. additional items of Van tích aùp
equipment which can be fitted to a AC generator n. = ALTERNATOR:
vehicle or used with a basic tool: Maùy phaùt xoay chieàu
Ñoà phuï tuøng acid rain n. rain containing
pollutants from industrial waste
and vehicle exhaust gases
 dissolved in the atmosphere: Ackermann steering n. from of
Möa axit double-pivot steering in which
Ackermann angle active suspension

the front wheels turn on kingpins granular, or powdered,

and are connected by inclined characterized by fine pores
steering arms and a track rod, so resulting in a very large surface
arranged angle than the outer: Heä area per unit volume, hence able
thoáng laùi kieåu Ackermann to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than
z Ackermann angle = toe-out or hoaït tính
toe-in with the wheels in the z activated carbon canister =
straight-ahead position: Goùc ñaët filter which absorbs fuel vapours
baùnh xe kieåu Ackermann from the tank and fuel system
z Ackermann axle = fixed- when the engine is not running,
position, steerable front axle and when the engine running is
within two pivot points, one on regenerated by purging the
each end of the axle, with vertical charcoal bed with hot air, using
kingpin: Truïc Ackermann engine vacuum to draw the
across corners = A/C: Ngaõ tö released vapours into the intake
across flats = A/F: Maët caét air stream: Baàu loïc hôi xaêng
ngang baèng than hoaït tính
acrylate n. polymer, such as ethyl activated charcoal n. = activated
acrylate, used in rubber carbon: Than hoaït tính
toughening: Loaïi nhöïa daùn cao z activated charcoal trap =
su activated carbon canister: Baàu loïc
acrylic (paint) n. paint with pigments than hoaït tính
mixed in a solution based on z activator n. material or
acrylic resin: Sôn acrylic mixture added to an accelerated
z acrylic finish = finish using curing system to enhance the
acrylic paints, often a two-pack effect of the vulcanization
finish: Sôn boùng baèng sôn acrylic accelerator in tyre production:
z acrylic resin = any Phuï gia ñaåy nhanh quaù trình löu
thermoplastic synthetic polymer hoaù (saûn xuaát voû xe)
made by the polymerization of z activated braking time n.
acrylic derivatives such as acrylic time required to come to a
acid, ethyl acrylate and standstill after the brakes have
methacrylate, used for adhesives, been applied, i.e not including the
protective coatings, and finishes: driver’s reaction time: Thôøi gian
Nhöïa acrylic (duøng cho sôn loùt kích hoaït phanh
vaø sôn boùng) z active noise control (system)
ACT = air charge temperature: Nhieät n. = anti-noise system: Heä thoáng
ñoä khoâng khí naïp choáng tieáng oàn
activated carbon n. highly porous z active safety n. active
carbon, usually in pellet from, measures taken to prevent

3
 accidents, such as more powerful z active suspension n. suspension
brakes and safer handling
characteristics: An toaøn chuû ñoäng
actuate adjustable spanner

system which uses properties, such as upper cylinder

microprocessors to control lubricant: Chaát phuï gia
electronically adjustable shock adhere v. to remain attached or stick
absorbers which adapt (to something): Baùm chaët, dính
automatically to the road surface z adhesion n. ability to remain
and load: Heä thoáng treo chuû attached (to something),
ñoäng especially the ability of a tyre to
actuate v. to bring a part into grip the road surface: Söï baùm, ñoä
operation: Khôûi ñoäng, ñöa vaøo baùm
hoaït ñoäng z adhesive n. substance used to
z an actuating lever or switch = join together two or more solids so
a lever or switch brings a part into that they from a single piece, such
operation: Coâng taéc (caàn) khôûi as resins, formaldehyde, glue,
ñoäng cement, etc.: Chaát keát dính
z actuator n. controlling or z adhesive bonding = joining
operating device, e.g. a vacuum together of two or more solids by
mechanism for opening flaps in air the use of glue, cement, or other
conditioning systems: Cô caáu adhesives: Söï daùn
chaáp haønh z adhesive tape = sticky tape
z actuator arm = arm usually with one shiny side and
connecting the diaphragm to the one side coated with adhesive:
contact breaker platform in a Baêng keo
vacuum advance mechanism: Caàn z adhesive weight = a small lead
daãn ñoäng (ñaùnh löûa sôùm aùp weight used to balance a wheel:
thaáp) Troïng löôïng chì baám vaøo baùnh
adapter or adaptor n. device for xe ñeå caân baèng
connecting two parts of different adiabatic a. niether losing nor
sizes, especially an accessory for gaining heat, therefore thermally
joining a socket and a drive efficient: Ñoaïn nhieät
handle with different sizes drives: z adiabatic engine = engine
OÁng noái, caây noái which makes the best use of
z adapter plate = plate which combustion heat by reducing heat
allows the mounting of a different loss due to coolant: Ñoäng cô ñoaïn
part from the original: Ñóa tieáp nhieät
hôïp, ñóa noái adjust v. to put (something) into the
additive n. substance added to fuel or correct position: Ñieàu chænh
engine oil to enhance its z adjust the ignition timing =
performance and to improve its cause the spark to occur at the

4
 correct moment: Ñieàu chænh thôøi z adjustable shock absorber =
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa shock absorber which can be
z adjustable a. that can be made harder or softer: Boä giaûm
changed or made different: Coù
theå ñieàu chænh
adjuster spanner advance curve

chaán coù theå ñieàu chænh ñöôïc or reduce toe-out: Thanh ñieàu
z adjustable spanner = open– chænh goùc chuïm baùnh xe
end spanner with a single smooth z adjustment n. (a) altering or
jaw that can be adjusted to fit nuts correcting the position of
and bolts of different sizes: Moû something or the position or valve
leách achieved: Söï ñieàu chænh
z adjuster n. device for moving (b) possibility of altering or
something into a different or the correcting the position of
correct position: Thieát bò ñieàu something; clearance or play:
chænh (vò trí) Khaû naêng thay ñoåi hoaëc hieäu
z seat adjuster = mechanism for chænh vò trí cuûa moät vaät
moving a seat backwards and z there is no adjustment left =
forwards: Cô caáu ñieàu chænh the adjusting screw or nut is at the
khoaûng caùch gheá ngoài end of its travel: Chænh heát côõ
z adjuster cam = cam in a drum z to take up the adjustment = to
brake which acts on the shoes to obtain the correct position, usually
take up the adjustment, i.e. bring by reducing a clearance: Hieäu
the shoes closer to the drum: Cam chænh ñuùng (khe hôû)
chænh (phanh troáng) a-drier n. paint drier with heating
z adjusting gauge n. tool such as elements below the stoving line:
a feeler gauge used to check Boä saáy sôn
distances and clearances between adsorption n. bonding of a solid with
parts for adjustment purposes: a gas or vapour which touches its
Thieát bò ño khe hôû (laù côõ) surface: Söï huùt baùm
z adjusting screw = screw for (NOTE: opposite is desorption)
altering e.g. the idling speed of z adsorption canister n. =
the engine or for brake ACTIVATED CARBON
adjustment: Vít ñieàu chænh caàm CANISTER: Baàu huùt hôi xaêng
chöøng advance 1 v. to cause (something) to
z adjusting shim = shim for occur earlier: Tröôùc, sôùm
reducing clearances especially in z to advance the spark or
adjusting valve tappets: Shim ignition or timing = to cause the
(mieáng cheâm) ñieàu chænh spark and therefore combustion to
(suùpaùp) occur earlier: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm .
z adjusting sleeve = sleeve on 2 n. extent to which the ignition
the end of the tie rod which spark is made to occur earlier:
shortens or lengthens it to increase Goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm

5
 z the ignition needs more z advance curve n. curve
advance = the spark is occurring showing how the amount of
too late: Caàn ñaùnh löûa sôùm ignition advance increase with the
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
z advance capsule n. = vacuum
advance (unit): Boä ñaùnh löûa sôùm
chaân khoâng
advance weight after-start enrichment

inlet manifold: Ñöôøng ñaëc tính power: Nhöõng chieác xe hôi coù
ñaùnh löûa sôùm sôùm hình daùng khí ñoäng hoïc keùm laøm
z the ignition is (over-) laõng phí coâng suaát
advanced = the spark is occurring (NOTE: sense (a) is singular,
(too) early: Ñaùnh löûa quaù sôùm sense (b) is plural)
(NOTE: opposite is retard) aerofoil n. wing-like structure, used
z advance weight n. either of on racing cars to achieve negative
the two weights in a centrifugal lift or down-force: Caùnh giaûm löïc
advance mechanism: Quaû vaêng naâng xe ñua
cuûa cô caáu ñaùnh löûa sôùm ly taâm A/F = air/fuel: Tæ soá giöõa gioù vaø
aeration n. foaming due to the nhieân lieäu
introduction of air into hydraulic z Three-way catalytic
fluid or the oil of a shock converters demand close a/f
absorber: Söï taïo boït (giaûm xoùc) control = the air/fuel mixture has
aerial n. long metal tube for to be carefully controlled when
receiving radio signals: Aênten using three-way catalytic
(NOTE: US English is antenna) converters: Boä xuùc taùc TWC yeâu
aerodynamic a. 1 relating to the caàu hoaït ñoäng trong cheá ñoä ñieàu
flow of air round a moving body: khieån kín hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
Khí ñoäng löïc thaân xe A/F (dimension) n. width across the
2 (of a car, bodywork, etc .) flats (of a hexagon, square drive,
streamlined, offering low wind etc.): Chieàu roäng maët caét ngang.
resistance: Hình daùng khí ñoäng A-frame n. a-shape chassis frame,
löïc typically of a trailer or caravan:
z aerodynamics n. (a) branch Khung xe hình chöõ A
of dynamics dealing with the afterburning n. completion of the
motion of air and with the forces combustion of incompletely burnt
acting on bodies moving through mixture in the exhaust system: Söï
the air: Khí ñoäng löïc hoïc chaùy tieáp.
(b) aerodynamic properties: Ñaëc z CO and HC levels can be
ñieåm khí ñoäng löïc hoïc reduced by afterburning =
z The poor aerodynamic of emissions of carbon monoxide and
early cars resulted in wastage of hydrocarbons can be reduced by
power = early cars had too much burning incompletely burnt
wind resistance which wasted

6
 mixture: Möùc CO vaø HC coù theå systems, regulated by the
giaûm nhôø chaùy tieáp electronic control unit ; it is
z aftercooler n. heat exchanger reduced either at a fixed rate or as
in a diesel engine which cools the engine temperature increases: Sö
intake of air before it enters the
cylinders: Boä giaûi nhieät khoâng
khí naïp.
after-start enrichment n.
enrichment of the air/fuel mixture
on starting the engine, especially
in electronic fuel injection
aged catalyst air-conditioning

laøm ñaäm hoãn hôïp sau khi khôûi aimer n. tool for aiming headlights:
ñoäng Duïng cuï caân ñeøn ñaàu
aged catalyst n. catalyst which has aiming n. adjusting the direction of
been used: Xuùc taùc ñaõ qua söû headlight beams: Söï caân ñeøn
duïng ñaàu.
(NOTE: opposite is fresh air n. mixture of gases forming the
catalyst) atmosphere: Khoâng khí
z age-hardening n. hardening of z put some air in the tyres =
aluminium or metal alloys as a inflate the tyres: Bôm baùnh xe.
result of ageing: Söï ñoâng cöùng z Here is too much air in the
z ageing n. change of mixture = the mixture is too
characteristics in some metal after weak: Hoãn hôïp loaõng.
heat treatment or cold working: air bag n. bag in the fascia region
Söï thay ñoåi tính chaát khi xöû lí which inflates on impact and thus
nhieät saves the occupants of the vehicle
aggressive agent or medium n. from injury caused by being
corrosive material which attacks thrown against the interior
metals: Taùc nhaân (moâi tröôøng) structure in a collision: Tuùi khí.
aên moøn kim loaïi z air bag module or unit = the air
agitation cup n. type of paint pot for bag plus inflator and cover: Cuïm
spray guns fitted with an integral tuùi khí
agitator: Coác troän (sôn) z air bag restraint system =
z agitator n. device for mixing system using an air bag to restrain
paint by shaking: Bình troän sôn occupants in a collision: Heä thoáng
baèng caùch laéc baûo veä baèng tuùi khí
a.h. = AMPERE-HOUR (NOTE: this is also called a
AH rim n. rim design able to run passive restraint system)
with a flat tyre and with increased air bellows n. rubber vessel or sleeve
safety in case of sudden air loss: filled with compressed gas or to
Nieàng xe kieåu AH (coù theå chaïy act as a compression spring in air
khi xì voû) suspensions: Giaûm chaán khí

7
 z air brake n. brake z air compressor n. device for
mechanism in which compressed supplying compressed air, e.g. for
air acting on a piston or diaphragm paint spraying or in an air brake
is used to apply the brakes; mainly system: Maùy neùn khí
found in commercial vehicles: z air-conditioning n. system of
Phanh hôi filtering air and keeping it at a
z air charge temperature (act) desirable temperature and
n. temperature of the air sucked humidity level: Maùy ñieàu hoaø
into the carburettor or fuel khoâng khí
injection system: Nhieät ñoä khoâng
khí naïp.
z air cleaner n. = AIR
FILTER: Loïc gioù
air-cooled air induction

air-cooled a. cooled by a current dirt and dust in the air drawn into
of air as opposed to water, etc.: the engine: Maøng loïc gioù
Laøm maùt baèng khí z airflow n. flow of air past a
(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled) moving object, especially a
z air correction jet n. jet vehicle, or through a duct: Löu
admitting air into the emulsion löôïng khoâng khí
tube of a carburettor: Giclô khoâng z airflow sensor = sensor in an
khí (gioù) electronically controlled fuel
z air cushion n. = AIR BAG: injection system which has a flat
Tuùi khí that is deflected by the intake air
z air dam n. spoiler under the and thus governs the amount of
front bumper to reduce wind fuel delivered; it also incorporates
resistance: Taám giaûm löïc caûn gioù a temperature sensor: Caûm bieán
z air deflector n. US = AIR löu löôïng khoâng khí
SHIELD: Taám chaén gioù air/fuel (A/F) a. relating to the
z air duct n. any passage combination of air and fuel in the
conducting air, particularly for charge for combustion: Tæ soá gioù
heating and ventilation: OÁng daãn vaø nhieân lieäu
khoâng khí (heä thoáng ñieàu hoøa) z a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture
z air filter n. device for filtering = a mixture containing little or a
dust and dirt out of the air drawn lot of fuel in relation to air: Moät
into the carburettor or fuel hoãn hôïp hoøa khí giaøu hoaëc
injection system through the air ngheøo.
intake: Loïc gioù z variations in the air/ fuel ratio
z air filter element = element of = variations in the amount of fuel
absorbent paper or felt inserted in relation to air, more air
into the air filter, which catches resulting in a lean or weak
mixture, less air in a rich mixture:

8
 Söï thay ñoåi cuûa tæ soá hoãn hôïp pressure: Duïng cuï ñoùng suùpaùp
hoøa khí baèng khí neùn
air gulp system n. system in vehicles air horn n. motor horn in which a
with secondary air injection or blast of compressed air through a
induction, which prevents an over- reed: Keøn hôi.
rich mixture being supplied to the z air induction or injection
inlet manifold during system n. secondary air system
deceleration, resulting in unburnt without air pump, using aspirator
fuel being carried over to the hot valves and the pulse air principle
exhaust system where it cause to introduce fresh air into the
uncontrolled detonations: Heä exhaust system to promote
thoáng caáp gioù khi giaûm toác. afterburning of unburnt
air hold fitting n. special tool for hydrocarbons and carbon
work on OHV-engine used to monoxide: Heä thoáng bôm khoâng
keep valves closes by mean of air
air injection manifold air silencer

khí vaøo oáng thaûi (b) compressed air supply for

z air injection manifold = duct inflating tyres, driving compressed
inside or a tube outside the air tools, etc.: Bôm baùnh xe
cylinder head feeling secondary z air micrometer n. precision
air into the exhaust ports: Ñöôøng control for adjusting the air
oáng daãn khoâng khí vaøo oáng thaûi. quantity delivered by a spray gun:
z air intake n. opening through Boä chænh gioù trong suùng phun
which air enters, especially for the z air outlet n. opening from
carburetor or fuel injection which air exits, especially for
system, for the radiator or for the ventilation and demiting: Cöûa
heating and ventilating system: thoâng gioù
Ñöôøng daãn khoâng khí z air pressure n. pressure
z airless spraying n. spraying exerted by air, e.g. on the
process in which the coating diaphragm of a brake servo: Aùp
material is not atomized by a löïc khoâng khí (leân maøng)
stream of air, but is subjected to air ratio n. air/air ratio, i.e. the ratio
high pressure, which cause it to of the actual intake air volume to
pass through a jet or nozzle the air volume theoretically
allowing it to be atomized and needed for complete combustion
projected: Phun sôn baèng aùp löïc of the fuel content of air/ fuel
z air less spray gun = spray gun mixture: Heä soá dö löôïng khoâng
used for air–less spraying: Suùng khí
sôn neùn air receiver n. = AIR TANK: Baàu
air line n. (a) pipe hose or duct which chöùa khoâng khí, bình khí neùn
conveys air or vaccum: OÁng daãn z air select valve n. valve in a
khí hoaëc chaân khoâng. two stage catalytic converter with
secondary air injection, which is

9
 solenoid-operated and is triggered intended to improve air-flow:
by the electronic control module Caùnh höôùng gioù
to direct air to the exhaust valve (NOTE: US English is air
ports or to the catalytic converter, defector)
depending on operating z air shock absorber n. shock
conditions: Van ñieàu khieån bôm absorber incoporating a rubber
khoâng khí (vaøo oáng thaûi) boot filled with compressed air
z air sensor n. sensor which serving as an auxiliary pneumatic
monitors the air quantity inside spring ; mainly used for lever
the car, checks it for the presence control purposes on the rear axle
of pollutants, and operates flaps to of a vehicle, e.g. when towing
cut off the external air to the air heavy trailers: Boä giaûm chaán khí
conditioning system if the z air silencer n. device usually
pollutant concentration is too high:
Caûm bieán khoâng khí trong xe
z air shield n. sloping panel on
the roof of a vehicle, especially a
commercial vehicle or trailer,
air spring alloy

incorporated in the air filter to cut ignition system inoperative: Heä

out induction hiss: Boä phaän giaûm thoáng choáng troäm.
thanh trong loïc gioù alarmed a. protected by an alarm:
z air spring n. = AIR Ñöôïc (gaén) choáng troäm
BELLOWS: Giaûm chaán baèng khí align v. to bring into line or be in line
z air suspension n. vehicle (with something): Canh thaúng
suspension in which air or gas in haøng
compression is the principal or z aligning punch n. tool use to
only spring medium: Heä thoáng align holes, e.g. for inserting a
treo khí screw or bolt or to centre round
(NOTE: also called pneumatic components with other parts: Muõi
suspension) ñoät canh loã
z air tank n. container for z alignment n. state of being in
compressed air, especially for a line or act of bringing into line: söï
compressor: Baàu chöùa khí neùn canh thaúng haøng.
z air volume n. quantity of air: z alignment mark = mark, e.g.
Theå tích khoâng khí on a timing gear or camshaft
Al = ALUMINIUM: nhoâm pulley, which must be brought into
alarm (system) n. theft protection line with another mark too give
system, which typically provides the correct position: Daáu chæ thò,
the following function : exterior daáu caân chænh
and interior protection; locking the alkaline battery n. secondary battery
boot and bonnet; making the using an alkaline electrolyte
(dilute potassium hydroxide) and

10
 used for driving electric cars: Aéc alligator clip n. US = CROCODILE
quy kieàm CLIP: Loaïi keïp caù saáu
z alkaline degreasing n. all-out braking n. using the
removal of any greasy substances maximum braking effort
with an alkaline solution: Dung available: Söû duïng heát khaû naêng
dòch (kieàm) taåy. phanh
all-alloy engine n.engine in z the car loses directional
which the cylinder head, block, stability under all-out braking =
crankcase and sump are all of the car tends to swerve when the
light alloy: Ñoäng cô hôïp kim brakes are applied as hard as
z all-aluminium body n. body possible: Xe bò maát höôùng
shell made almost entirely of chuyeån ñoäng khi phanh heát côõ
aluminium: Khung nhoâm z alloy n. (a) any metallic
allen key n. key (in effect a spanner) substance of various elements:
for recessed hexagon screws and Hôïp kim
bolts, consisting of a bar with a (b) any light metal, typically
right angle bend and six flats in aluminium: Kim loaïi maøu saùng
the end: Chìa khoùa luïc giaùc
z allen screw = type of recessed
hexagon screw: Vít luïc giaùc
alloy piston ambient temperature

z alloy piston = piston made z all-wheather tyre n. tyre

primarily of aluminium: Pittoâng suitable for use in rain and on
hôïp kim nhoâm snowy or icy roads as well as in
alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n. warm and dry conditions: Voû xe
wheels made of light alloy, mainly chaïy moïi thôøi tieát
aluminium but also magnesium, z all-wheel drive n. & a. = four
for sports and other high-speed wheel drive: Boán baùnh chuû ñoäng,
cars: Baùnh xe hôïp kim xe hai caàu.
all-steel body n. body shell made z all-wheel steering = four-
almost entirely of steel, asopposed wheel steering: Heä thoáng laùi boán
to a body with a wooden frame baùnh.
and panels made of steel or alternating current (AC) n. a
aluminium: Khung theùp continuous electric current that
z all-terrain a. for use on any periodically reverses direction:
kind of surface: Cho moïi ñòa hình Doøng ñieän xoay chieàu
(xe) (NOTE: opposite is direct current)
z all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly alternator (ALT) n. generator which
for off-road vehicles: Voû xe chaïy produces three-phase alternating
moïi ñòa hình current inside its stator winnings:
z all-terrain vehicle = OFF- Maùy phaùt (xoay chieàu)
ROAD VEHICLE: Xe ñòa hình z alternator charging light =
warning light on the instrument

11
 panel which comes on when the z aluminium wheel = alloy
alternator is not charging: Ñeøn wheel: Baùnh xe hôïp kim nhoâm
baùo saïc (naïp) z aluminized a. coated with
altimeter n. instrument showing aluminium or aluminium paint:
height above sea level: Duïng cuï Phuû nhoâm
ño ñoä cao (so vôùi maët nöôùc bieån) z aluminium n. US =
alumina n. form of aluminium oxide ALUMINIUM: Nhoâm
used as substrate for ceramic ambient air n. air outside and
catalysts: alumin (moät daïng cuûa surrounding the vehicle: Khoâng
nhoâm oxit ñöôïc söû duïng nhö khí beân ngoaøi
chaát xuùc taùc cho vaät lieäu goám). z ambient temperature n.
z alumina beads = tiny beads of outside temperature: Nhieät ñoä
alumina used in some catalytic moâi tröôøng
converters: Boät nhoâm cho boä xuùc zambient temperature switch
taùc = switch which delays compressor
aluminium (AL) or US n. silvery action in an air-conditioning
lightweight metallic element system when the outside
resistant to corrosion: Nhoâm temperature is low: Caûm bieán
z aluminium alloy = metal nhieät ñoä moâi tröôøng
containing aluminium mixed with
another metal or metals: Hôïp kim
nhoâm
ambulance angle-nose pliers

ambulance n. vehicle designed for Ñieän löôïng cuûa moät doøng ñieän 1
for carrying sick or injured ampere chaïy qua vaät daãn trong
people: Xe caáp cöùu. 1 giôø
ammeter n. instrument for measuring z a 36 a.h. battery = a battery
(in amperes) the electrical current with a capacity of 36 ampere-
flow in a circuit: Ampe keá hours: Dung löôïng cuûa aéc quy laø
amp = AMPERE 36 a.h
amperage (rating) n. strength of an z ampere-hour capacity =
electric current in amperes, used quantity of electricity which a
e.g. for making fuses: Ñoä lôùn, battery can deliver under given
cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän. conditions such as temperature,
z ampere n. the basic unit for rate of discharge, and final
measuring electric current, voltage, depending on the number
usually abbreviated to amp: Ñôn of plates used: Dung löôïng cuûa
vò ño cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän vieát moät aéc quy (tính baèng
taéc laø amp. ampere/giôø).
z ampere-hour (a.h.) n. unit of amplifier n. device used to produce
the quantity of electricity flowing a larger electrical signal, as to
in one hour through a conductor amplify sound signals in radios,
carrying a current of 1 ampere: etc.: Thieát bò khueách ñaïi.

12
 z ignition amplifier = device ancillaries n. components placed
used to increase the electrical close to or fitted on the engine,
signal in an electronic ignition such as alternator, power steering
system: Boä khueách ñaïi tín hieäu pump, supercharger, fuel pump
ñaùnh löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa) and water pump, and driven by the
amplitude modulation (AM) n. form engine: Caùc thieát bò phuï treân
of radio transmission in which ñoäng cô
the frequency of the carrier wave aneroid-type thermostat n.
is uncharged, but its amplitude thermostat consist of a metallic
varies in accordance with the bellows partially filled with
input signal: Soùng AM trong acetone, alcohol or similar volatile
radio liquid: Van haèng nhieät loaïi khí
analogue cluster n. instrument panel aùp
display using dials and numbers: angle grinder n. power tool (either
Baûng ñoàng hoà, tableau kim electric or driven by compressed
(NOTE: opposite is electronic air) with abrasive discs, especially
cluster) for removing old paintwork and
anchorage n. fixing point for a seat smoothing the surface prior to
belt , seat or other stress-bearing spraying: Maùy maøi goùc
item which is not part of the z angle-nose pliers n. pliers
structure: Söï coá ñònh, söï ñònh vò.
anchor bolt n. = THROUGH
BOLT: Bu-loâng ñònh vò, bu-loâng
choát
angle of lock anti-corrosive

with jaws having a right-angle angles to the shank: Tuoác nô vít

bend, for gripping e.g. items in a chöõ Z
recess, etc.: Keàm muõi vuoâng. z angular motion n. =
z angle of lock n. angle between ROTATION: Söï xoay voøng, quay
the line through the centre of a anneal v. to treat (a metal, alloy, or
wheel seen from above when glass) with heat and then cool it to
taking a corner and the same line remove internal stress and to
when going straight: Goùc laùi giôùi make the material less brittle: Toâi
haïn. (theùp)
z angle parking n. parking at z annealing furnace n. oven or
an angle to the pavement or furnace with controllable
parking line: Goùc ñaäu xe. atmosphere in which metal, an
(NOTE: also called echelon alloy, or glass is annealed: Loø toâi
parking) annular a. in the form of a ring:
z angle screwdriver n. Hình voøng, hình khuyeân.
screwdriver usually having two z annular gap = circular gap:
blades at either end, both at right Khe hôû voøng.

13
 z annulus (gear) n. hollow ANSI (short for) American National
gear-wheel in the form of a ring Standard Institute: Vieän tieâu
with either internal teeth, as in chuaån quoác gia Hoa Kyø
epicyclic or planetary antenna n. US aerial: Anten
transmissions, or external teeth: anti-chip coating n. resilient
Voøng raêng. intermediate coat between the
anode n. positive electrode in an primer and the top coat, applies to
electrolytic cell: Cöïc döông. the protect the body shell from
z anodic coating or film or oxide chip-ping damage cause by gravel
layer n. protective, decorative, or stones: Lôùp sôn loùt choáng traày
or functional coating, formed in an z anti-chipping primer or filler
anodizing process: Maøng (lôùp) = a resilient primer protecting
oxít ôû cöïc döông. paintwork from chipping cause by
z anodize v. to deposit a hard, gravle or stones: Lôùp sôn loùt
non-corroding oxide layer on choáng traày
(aluminium or light alloy): Lôùp z anti-corrosion a. combating
oxít hoùa anoát. and protecting against corrosion,
z anodizing n. process by which especially rust: Choáng aên moøn
a hard, non-corroding oxide layer z anti-corrosion warranty = a
is deposit on aluminium or light warranty, usually limited to
alloys: Oxít hoùa anoát. corrosion damage, valid for an
z anodizing bath or tank = tank average of 6 years: Giaáy baûo
in which the anodising process is haønh khoâng bò aên moøn
performed: Boàn oxít hoùa anoát. z anti-corrosive a. inhibiting
ANS = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM: Heä
thoáng giaûm thanh

anti-dazzle mirror anti-thief (security) system

corrosion: Haïn cheá söï aên moøn inside of panels to reduce noise
z anti-dazzle mirror n. = due to vibration or ‘druming ’:
DIPPING MIRROR: Göông Vaät lieäu choáng rung
choáng choùi. antifreeze n. chemical, such as
z anti-dive (system) n. front ethylene glycol, added to the
suspension arrangement that cooling water of an engine to
converts the down-ward force in lower its freezing point: Chaát
the suspension links cause by choáng ñoâng.
braking into a vertical force that antifriction bearing n. any bearing
tends to lift the body, thus supporting its load on rolling
reducing dive under braking: Heä surfaces, such as balls, rollers or
thoáng choáng chuùi ñaàu xe. needles, to minimize friction: Baïc
z anti-drum compound n. loùt giaûm ma saùt.
sticky material, usually based on anti-knock additive or agent n.
bitument or rubber, applied to the petrol additive preventing

14
 premature ignition (i.e. knocking z anti-spin regulation (ASR) n.
or pinking ) of the mixture in the control or prevention of wheel
combustion chamber, e.g. spin under power, normally by
tetraethyl lead or tetramethyl means of electronic sensing and in
lead: Chaát choáng kích noå. conjunction with anti-lock
z anti-knock index n. measure braking: Söï ñieàu khieån löïc keùo.
of the antiknock properties of the z anti-squat system n. rear
petrol, particularly in north suspension arrangement that
american, where it is defined as converts the downward force
half the sum of the research cause by acceleration into a
octane number and motor octane vertical force that tends to lift the
number: Chæ soá choáng kích noå. rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’
anti-rattle spring n. = SPREADER under acceleration: Heä thoáng
SPRING: Loø xo choáng soác. naâng ñuoâi xe khi taêng toác
z anti-roll bar n. steel torsion z anti-squeal shim n. shim
bar running across the car as part places behind the brake piston (or
of the front and, less frequently, behind the brake pad in disc
rear suspension layout and used to brakes) to reduce squeal: Mieáng
reduce body roll during cornering: ñeäm choáng oàn khi phanh
Thanh choáng xoaén. z anti-sway bar n. US = ANTI-
z anti-rust treatment n. ROLL BAR: Thanh choáng laéc
treatment of iron and steel, i.e. (ñaûo) xe
using sealant, for the purpose of z anti-thief (security) system n.
corrosion protection: Söï choáng ræ either an alarm system, or an
seùt.
(NOTE: also called rust proofing)
z anti-skid braking system (AS-
BS) n. = ANTI-LOCK
(BRAKING) SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
phanh choáng tröôït
anti-vibration mounting armature

additional locking device question to the chassis: Giaù

(especially for the steering (khung) choáng rung.
wheel), or an electric circuit anvil n. heavy iron block on which
immobilizing the car by something is placed for forging:
disconnecting the start and /or Caùi ñe
ignition: Heä thoáng choáng troäm A-pillar or A-post n. upright
z anti-vibration mounting n. member in front of the front door,
flexible (typically rubber) a major structural part of the body
mounting for an engine, gearbox frame: Truï ñô õ khung cöûa phía
or other mechanical item, that cöûa tröôùc.
reduces the amount of noise and
vibration passed from the item in

15
application n. use to which arcing n. (a) sparking and discharge
something is put : söï ñaët vaøo, söï at the contact breaker points in the
tra vaøo. distributor, a cause of premature
z applicator n. tool for putting wear of the points: Söï phoùng tia
something onto a surface, such as löûa treân vít löûa
spreader for filler: Duïng cuï raéc, (b) faulty spraying technique
treùt where the spray gun is not moved
z apply v. to put (something) on along the panel surface at a
(to something): Ñaët leân uniform distance, but is moved
apron n. panel extending towards the panel when starting
downwards, typically forming a and is moved away again towards
skirt along the side of the car or an the end of the panel ; this results
air dam at the front: Taám chaén in an uneven thickness of paint
buøn. being applied: Sôn khoâng ñeàu
AQL (short for ) acceptable quality arc welding n. welding process
level: Möùc chaát löôïng coù theå widely used for do it yourself
chaáp nhaän. repairs (as the required equipment
aquaplaning n. loss of contact is fairly cheap) in which the
between the tyre and a wet road welding current is generated by a
when it rides up on a layer of transformer, and the circuit is
surface water: Söï tröôït treân closed when the electrode held in
ñöôøng öôùt the welding rod holder touches the
aqueous solution n. water-based metal surface ;the electrode burns
solution: Dung dòch neàn. off as the rod holder is moved
arbor n. rotating shaft or spindle in a along: Haøn hoà quang ñieän
machine tool on which, for armature n. coil or coils of wire
example, a grinding wheel or around a metal core in which
electric current is induced in a
piece for machining is fitted: Truïc
generator, or in which the input
chính, ñaàu laép
arc v. to jump across a gap,
especially of an electric current
forming a discharge: Hoà quang
ñieän.
armature brake asymmetric rim

current interacts with a magnetic z armature shaft n. shaft on

field to produce torque in a motor: which the armature is mounted in
Phaàn öùng a starter or generator: Truïc (loõi)
z armature brake n. mechanical phaàn öùng.
or electrical component in a armour-plated a. made bullet-proof,
starter used to stop armature e.g. with extra-thick body panels
movement after the starter motor and glass: Boïc theùp
has been switched off: Cô caáu articulated a. made in two separate
haõm truïc phaàn öùng. sections, with a joint or coupling

16
 between them; especially of assemble v. to put together or build
commercial vehicles consisting of up (something) from a number of
a tractor or towing unit and a parts: Laép raùp.
trailer, having a swivelling z assembled crankshaft = build
coupling giving better up crankshaft: Truïc khuyûu ñöôïc
manoeuvrability: Khôùp noái, baûn raùp töø nhieàu ñoaïn
leà. z assembly n. the process or
z articulated bus = bus in two result of putting together a number
sections, usually a single-decker, of components: Söï laép raùp, quaù
with passenger accommodation in trình laép raùp
both sections: Xe buyùt hai z assembly line = production line
khoang where a vehicle is progressively
asbestos-free a. Khoâng coù amiaêng built up from its individual
ASBS= ANTI-SKID BRAKING components: Daây chuyeàn laép raùp
SYSTEM asymmetric(al) a . not having
ASC see ANTI-SPIN REGULATION parts that correspond, not uniform
ascending stroke n. = UP-STROKE: (especially in distribution):
kyø ñi leân. Khoâng ñoái xöùng.
ASD=AUTOMATIC SLIP-CONTROL zasymmetric power distribution
DIFERENTIAL: Vi sai töï ñoäng or split = transmitting more
kieåm soaùt tröôït power to the front or rear wheels
aspect ratio n. ratio between the in a four wheel drive: Söï phaân
height and the width (e.g. of a phoái coâng suaát khoâng ñoái xöùng
tyre): Tæ soá giöõ chieàu cao vaø z asymmetric beam = a
chieàu roäng loáp xe. headlight beam which has greater
aspiration n. sucking in of the air/ intensity on one side than the
fuel mixture or breathing process other: Chuøm aùnh saùng khoâng ñoái
of an internal combustion engine: xöùng
Söï huùt (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí) z asymmetric rim = wheel rim
aspirator valve n. check valve in air where the well is located outside
induction systems: Van huùt. the centreline of the wheel:
ASR = ANTI-SPIN REGULATION: Nieàng xe khoâng ñoái xöùng
Heä thoáng oån ñònh xe. (NOTE: opposite is symmetric
ATC automatic

rim) ATF = AUTOMATIC

ATC = AUTOMATIC TEMPERA- TRANSMISSION FLUID: Daàu
TURE CONTROL: Ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï ñoäng
nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng atmospheric corrosion n. gradual
ATDC (short for ) After Top Dead destruction or alteration of metals
Center: Sau ñieåm cheát treân or alloys by contact with substance
ATE = AUTOMATIC TEST present in the atmosphere, such as
EQUIPMENT: Thieát bò kieåm tra oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
töï ñoäng vapour, and sulphur and chlorine

17
 compounds: Söï aên moøn hoùa hoïc authorized dealer n. firm selling and
trong khoâng khí servicing a particular make of
z atmospheric pressure n. vehicle, appointed by the
pressure exerted by the manufacture: Ñaïi lyù uûy quyeàn
atmosphere at the earth’s surface: auto 1 n. & a. = AUTOMATIC n. :
Aùp suaát khí quyeån Töï ñoäng
atomize n. to produce a fine spray, 2 US = AUTOMOBILE: OÂtoâ, xe
e.g. of paint: Söï taùn nhuyeãn, hôi
phun. z auto bonnet = car cap: Capoâ
z atomizer n. device for oâtoâ
producing a fine spray e.g. on a z autochoke n. = AUTOMATIC
spray gun: Cô caáu laøm mòn tia CHOKE: Caùnh böôùm gioù töï
phun (sôn) ñoäng.
z atomizing pressure n. autoclave n. sealable high-pressure
pressure needed to atomize a container used for polymerisation
liquid such as a paint: Aùp suaát taùn and in tyre production: Noài haáp
nhuyeãn (sôn) (trong coâng nghieäp nhöïa vaø loáp
atramentizing n. corrosion protection xe)
process in which steel is coated automatic n. colloquial short form
with phosphate using a zinc for automatic transmission, or a
phosphate solution at 900C: Phuû car with automatic transmission:
keõm Töø vieát taét ñeå chæ hoäp soá töï ñoäng
attachment n. a fitting or accessory hoaëc xe coù hoäp soá töï ñoäng
to be used in conjunction with a z automatic air conditioning
tool such as a grinding disc for use (system) = air-conditioning
with an electric drill: Ñoà gaù system which automatically
attack n. example of corrosion or maintains a preset temperature:
another damaging, especially Heä thoáng ñieàu hoøa khoâng khí töï
chemical, action: Söï taùc ñoäng. ñoäng
attenuation n. reduction, especially z automatic air recirculation
of noise or emissions: Söï caét (control) system = heating and
giaûm oâ nhieãm hoaëc tieáng oàn ventilation subsystem which
ATV = ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE:
Xe ñòa hình.
automatic choke automatic transmission fluid

automatically switch to the doors again to let some fresh air

recirculation mode when the in, even if its quality is still
pollutant levels of the air inside questionable: Heä thoáng tuaàn
the vehicle exceed certain levels hoaøn khoâng khí töï ñoäng.
(e.g. in rush-hour nose-to-tail z automatic choke = device in
traffic), but after a certain period the carburetor intake which
of recirculation (typically after 3 positions the choke valve
minutes), opens the intake air automatically in accordance with

18
 engine temperature or time: automatic locking differential
Böôùm gioù töï ñoäng developed by Mercedes-Benz: Cô
z automatic closing system = caáu khoùa vi sai töï ñoäng.
system which automatically z automatic speed control =
closes doors windows and sunroof: cruise control: Ñieàu khieån ga töï
Heä thoáng ñoùng cöûa töï ñoäng ñoäng.
z automatic frequency control z automatic temperature
= automatic retuning of stations on control (ATC) = device for
the FM waveband when subject to maintaining a constant
drift: Doø ñaøi FM töï ñoäng temperature in the vehicle
z automatic gearbox = gearbox interior: Thieát bò ñieàu khieån
in an automatic transmission nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng (ñieàu hoøa)
system which changes gear z automatic test equipment
automatically: Hoäp soá töï ñoäng. (ATE) = usually electronic
z automatic level control or equipment for testing ignition,
levelling system = suspension wiring, fuel injection systems, etc:
system that automatically adjust Thieát bò kieåm tra töï ñoäng.
front and rear ride heights to automatic transmission n.
compensate for changes in axle transmission which changes the
loads ; this can either be achieved gear ratio without assistance from
by adding air absorbers to a the driver and without
conventional suspension system, interruptionof power flows, the
or by incorporating the system in a changes being governed by
sophisticated pneumatic or factors such as engine load and
hydropneumatic suspension vehicle road speed (although the
system: Ñieàu khieån ñoä cöùng heä driver usually has a manual
thoáng treo töï ñoäng. override): Hoäp soá töï ñoäng
z automatic muting = car radio z automatic transmission fluid
circuit which automatically (ATF) = special oil used
cancels noise output during inautomatic transmissions: Daàu
tuning: Maïch trong radio töï
ñoäng loaïi boû nhieãu khi doø ñaøi
z automatic seat belt =
INERTIA REEL SEAT BELT:
Ñai an toaøn töï ñoäng.
z automatic slip-control
differential (ASD) =
electronically controlled,
automatic volume control (AVC) auxiliary drive shaft

hoäp soá töï ñoäng. to the noise level in the car: Söï
automatic volume control (AVC) n. ñieàu chænh aâm löôïng töï ñoäng.
car ratio circuit which z automic wear adjuster n.
automatically adjusts the volume device that compensates

19
 automatically for wear, e.g. in the z automotive electronics =
brakes or clutch: Cô caáu ñieàu applications of modern electronics
chænh ñoä moøn töï ñoäng (phanh, ly to the motor vehicles: Ñieän töû
hôïp) oâtoâ.
z automatic wire stripper n. z automotive electrician =
wire striper that automatically electrician working on and
adjusts to the size of the wire to be designing systems for motor
stripped and removes the vehicles: Thôï ñieän oâtoâ.
insulation without damaging the z automotive emissions = all
wires inside: Kìm tuoát daây töï types of release into the
ñoäng. atmosphere from motor vehicles,
automobile n. dated or formal word including exhaust gas, fuel and
for motor car in British english, crankcase fumes, and noise: Chaát
but still widely used in american thaûi oâtoâ.
english: Xe hôi, oâtoâ. z automotive engineering = the
z automobile association = design and construction of motor
major motoring organization, vehicles: Kyõ thuaät (coâng ngheä)
specially the automobile oâtoâ
association (AA) in great British z automotive tool = tool for use
and the american automobile in the construction or repair of
association (AAA): Hieäp hoäi oâtoâ. motor vehicles: Duïng cuï söûa
z automobile engineering = chöõa oâtoâ (ñoà ngheà)
automotive engineering: Kyõ AUX = AUXILIARY: Thieát bò phuï,
thuaät oâtoâ phuï tuøng.
z automobile industry = motor (NOTE: an abbreviation often
industry: Coâng nghieäp oâtoâ. used to label fused)
z automobile manufacture = auxiliary a. additional, upplementary:
motor manufacture: Nhaø saûn xuaát Thieát bò phuï.
oâtoââ. z auxiliary brake lights =
z automobile mechanic = motor additional brake lights mounted at
mechanic: Thôï söûa chöõa oâtoâ. eye level in the rear window to
z automobile polish = car polish: reduce the risk of being run into
Söï ñaùnh boùng oâtoâ. from behind: Ñeøn phanh phuï.
automotive a. relating to or z auxiliary drive shaft =
occurring in motor vehicles: secondary drive shaft driving for
Thuoäc veà oâtoâ, trong oâtoâ example, the fuel or water pumps
z automotive adhesive =
adhesive used in the manufacture
of motor vehicles: Keo söû duïng
trong saûn xuaát oâtoâ

auxiliary driving lamp axle shaft

or distributor: Baùn truïc phuï.

20
 z auxiliary driving lamp = lamp axle n. transverse bar, tube, shaft or
suplementing the light from the beam which carries wheels at
headlamps, such as a fog lamp or their end: Truïc, vi sai (caàu xe).
spot lamp: Ñeøn laùi phuï. z axle casing = external,
z auxiliary gearbox = extra basically tubular housing
gearbox used in conjunction with containing the differential and
the main (manual) gearbox to half-shafts and with bearings at
provide an additional range of either end for the hubs: Voû vi sai.
speeds: Hoäp soá phuï. z axle housing = AXLE
z auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in CASING: Voû caàu xe (vi sai).
a leaf spring): Laù nhíp phuï z axle load = AXLE WEIGHT:
AVC = AUTOMATIC VOLUME Taûi troïng caàu xe.
CONTROL z axle stand = tripod which is
average 1 n. mean value or rate: Tyû adjustable for height and used for
leä trung bình (giaù trò trung bình). supporting the vehicle for longer
2 v. to achieve a certain mean jobs: Con ñoäi cheát 3 chaân
value or rate: Ñaït giaù trò trung z axle tramp = rocking or
bình. oscillation of an axle under heavy
3 a. found by calculating the acceleration or braking due to
mean value or rate: Giaù trò trung inadequate damping: Söï rung
bình ñoäng cuûa caàu khi taêng toác hoaëc
z average speed or fuel phanh
consumption = the distance z axle tube = that part of the axle
covered divided by the time taken casing enclosing the half-shaft, or
or the fuel used: Toác ñoä trung the tube forming a tubular rigid
bình (möùc tieâu thuï nhieân lieäu axle: Voû caàu (vi sai) phaàn baùn
trung bình). truïc
aviation fuel n. fuel suitable for z axle weight = that part of the
aircraft: Nhieân lieäu cho maùy bay. weight of a vehicle resting on the
awl n. tool with a sharp point and a wheels of an axle: Taûi troïng caàu
fluted blade for piercing holes: xe.
Caùi duøi. z axle drive n. final drive:
awning n. roof of canvas or similar Truyeàn ñoäng cuoái cuøng.
material stretched out from e.g. a z axle shaft n. short shaft
caravan for protection from the connecting the differential and the
sun and rain: Maùi che, mui xe. drive shaft on each side in an
axis n. centreline about which a body independent suspension layout:
can or could rotate, or which Baùn truïc caàu xe.
divides a figure into two
symmetrical parts: Truïc (quay)

21
Babbitt metal back-voltage

Bb
Babbitt metal n. alloy of tin, copper, backing light n. US = REAR
antimony, and lead still WINDOW: Kính sau.
occasionally used for bearing z US backing heater or
surfaces: Hôïp kim choáng maøi defogging system = heated rear
moøn trong beà maët baïc loùt window: Kính söôûi, heä thoáng
baby seat n. seat for babies weighing xoâng kính.
up to about 20lbs, normally z back panel n. = REAR PANEL:
installed facing backwards on the Taân sau xe
front seat and allowing a half backplate n. fixed heavy-gauge
upright seating position: Gheá daønh metal plate attached to the
cho treû em suspension and carrying the brake
BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Noàng shoes and brake operating
ñoä coàn trong maùu. mechanism of a drum brake, or the
back axle n. rear axle, usually on a plate carrying the brake pad in a
four wheel vehicle: Caàu sau. disc brake: Maâm phanh
z back axle ratio = FINAL (NOTE: US - English is backing
DRIVE RATIO: Tæ soá truyeàn plate)
ñoäng cuoái cuøng. back pressure n. any pressure holding
backbone chassis n. chassis based on back the flow of the gases in an
a single central spine carrying or exhaust system: AÙp suaát ngöôïc
containing the drive train, the body cuûa khí thaûi
shell being mounted on outriggers: backrest n. back of a seat: Löng gheá
Khung chính back up v. US = REVERSING: De
backfire 1 n. explosion either at the xe, luøi xe.
wrong time in the cylinder, or of back up alarm n. US reverse
unburnt or only partly burnt warning signal: Keøn baùo luøi xe.
mixture in the exhaust system, z back-up light n. US =
causing a loud bang: Tieáng noå ôû REVERSING LIGHT: Ñeøn luøi xe.
oáng thaõi back-voltage n. voltage which
2 v. to make a loud bang as a result opposes the current when the
of unburnt or only partly burnt current in an inductive circuit
mixture exploding in the exhaust changes and the magnetic fields
system or in the cylinder: Gaây ra cuts the conductors: Ñieän aùp
tieáng noå lôùn ôû poâ ngöôïc.
backlash n. excessive play in a z self-induction back-voltage =
mechanical system such as gears back-voltage produced by self-
or linkages, due to looseness induction; this induced electro-
or flexing: Khoaûng cheát, khe hôû. motive force opposes the change

21
badge ball

in current and enhancing it if the control which adjusts the level of

current is decreasing: Ñieän aùp the left and right speakers of a
ngöôïc töï caûm. stereo system: Nuùt caân baèng aâm
badge n. typically, the maker’s logo thanh giöõa loa traùi vaø phaûi.
in coloured enamel on chrome z balance disc n. balance device
plate but can also be letters or in centrifugal pumps, in the front of
symbols indicating a particular a disc fitted to the pump shaft,
type or model, such as V-12, 16V, which lifts when a force is
fiesta, etc.: Bieåu töôïng, huy hieäu. generated on the underside of the
baffle (plate) n. usually transverse disc, leaking pressure until the
steel plate reducing the flow or axial forces are balanced: Ñóa caân
motion of gases or liquids, e.g. in a baèng (bôm ly taâm)
silencer, in the sump of an engine z balance pipe n. in a twin
or in a fuel tank: Taám chaén (giaûm carburetor layout, a pipe joining
doøng chaûy) the inlet tracts or choke tubes of
bake v. to dry or cure (a paint or other the two carburetors to even out
finish) using heat: Nung, saáy. differences in flow: OÁng caân baèng
bakelite n. proprietary, hard, brittle (boä cheá hoøa khí).
plastic used in the early days of z balance shaft n. additional
plastic engineering, esp. for rotating shaft in the crankcase
electrical parts because of its good fitted with counterweights, esp. in
insulating properties: Nhöïa caùch single and twin cylinder engines,
ñieän, nhöïa bakeâlit. to reduce vibration: Truïc caân
balance 1 n. state in which weight is baèng.
evenly distributed: Söï caân baèng. z balance weight n. small lead
2 v. to fix weights, e.g. to the rim weight fitted to the wheel rim to
of a wheel or to a crankshaft in restore wheel balance: Mieáng chì
order to correct weight distribution baám nieàng xe
and thus reduce vibration: Laøm z balancer n. wheel balancer:
caân baèng. Thieát bò caân baèng baùnh xe.
z balance crankshaft = z balancing n. adjustment of
crankshaft with extended webs to incorrect and uneven weight
form counterbalances or a distribution: Ñieàu chænh ñeå caân
vibration damper: Truïc khuyûu ñaõ baèng ñoäng.
ñöôïc caân baèng ñoäng (nhôø ñoái z balancing weight = balance
troïng) weight
z balanced engine = engine in bald tyre n. tyre on which the tread
which all reciprocating parts such is completely worn away: Loáp xe
as pistons and connecting rods are quaù moøn
adjusted to exactly the same balk ring n. =baulk ring: Voøng caûn
weight: Ñoäng cô ñaõ caân baèng ball n. (a) spherical part, e.g. in a ball
z balance control n. knob or slide bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi

22
ballast ignition system banger

(b) = TOWBALL: Khôùp noái caàu. giaùc coù voøng bi.

z ball and nut steering n. = z ball joint n. mechanical coupling
recirculating ball steering: Heä in which ball on the end of one part
thoáng laùi kieåu bi tuaàn hoaøn moves freely within a recessed
z ball and socket (joint) n. = ball spherical socket in the end of
joint: Khôùp caàu. another, often used in suspension
ballast ignition system n. ignition and steering linkages: Khôùp caàu.
system incorporating a ballast z ball joint separator = tool for
resistor connected in series with forcing out ball or tapered joints,
the coil primary winding and either in the from of the simple
bypassed when the starter is fork with wedge–shaped jaw
operated, ensuring improved cold which is struck with a hammer to
starting performance and spark separate the joint,or a tool using
efficiency: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa coù direct pressure from a screw–
ñieän trôû phuï. activated lever action to split the
z ballast resistor = resister in joint: Thieát bò thaùo khôùp caàu.
which the resistance increase as ball peen hammer n. hammer with a
the current passing through it head having one flat and one
increases, use in motor vehicles to rounded end: Buùa ñaàu troøn.
control the output from the coil at z ball socket n. recessed spherical
high engine speeds and provide a socket for receiving the ball in a
better spark for starting: Ñieän trôû ball joint: Hoác caàu.
phuï. z ball valve n. non-return valve
ball bearing n. most common type of comprising a recessed spherical
antifriction bearing, comprising seating into which a ball fits to
two rings or races between which cover a hole, closing if the flow of
hardened steel balls run in tracks, liquid is reversed: Van bi caàu
and able to absorb both axial and (moät chieàu)
radial loads: Baïc ñaïn bi, voøng bi, bal res = BALLAST RESISTOR:
oå bi Ñieän trôû phuï.
z ball bearing puller = puller for band brake n. brake consisting of a
removing ball bearings that sit on a steel band with a friction lining
shaft and in a housing: Caûo oå bi passing round a drum, which
(baïc ñaïn) contracts and grips the drum, when
z ball cage n. circular frame the brake is applied: Ñai phanh
which holds the balls in place in a (phanh)
ball bearing: Voøng (reá) bi. bandwidth n. range of audio
z ball end hexagon screwdriver frequencies an audio component
n. screwdriver with a ball type such as a car stereo can handle:
hexagon tip allowing it to be used Baêng taàn (radio).
at an angle of up to 300 from the banger n. (informal) old, cheap and
screw head: Tua nô vít ñaàu luïc well-worn car, which may however

23
banger racing basic ignition setting

still be serviceable: OÂtoâ cuõ of the hands and prevent skin

z banger racing = racing beat-up infections or allergic reactions
old saloons from which the glass when working with substance such
and trim has been removed on as oils, thinners, paints, etc.: Kem
small tracks, with aggressive baûo veä da.
driving and frequent contact z barrier effect n.the effect
between the car: Cuoäc ñua oâtoâ cuõ. produced by coatings sheilding
banjo n. (a) type of right-angled union especially metal surfaces from
for a pipe or flexible hose, corrosive agents: Taùc duïng choáng
comprising a ring–shaped piece on aên moøn
the end of the pipe through which a z barrier paint n. primer which
threaded hollow bolt is passed: Ñai isolates a top coat from a surface
sieát oáng or other finish with which it is
(b) drum-shaped central part of an incompatible: Sôn loùt.
axle casing containing the base n. lowest supporting part of a
differential: Baùn caàu vi sai. usually upright member, or bottom
z banjo axle = rear axle with a layer or coating in a paint system:
drum-shaped differential casing: Neàn, ñeá, beä, caên baûn
Voû caàu vi sai daïng baùn caàu. z base coat n. first coat in a paint
bar n. unit of pressure; one bar equals system,either an undercoat or
100 kilopascals or 14.5 pound- primer, or a coloured coat to be
force per square inch: Ñôn vò ño cover in a coat of clear lacquer:
aùp suaát. Lôùp sôn loùt
bar clamp n. tool with a fixed head z base material n. material under
and a sliding foot for clamping a coating or which is to be coated:
purposes: Thanh keïp. Vaät lieäu neàn
barometric pressure sensor or baro z base metal n. metal under a
n. sensor in an engine management coating or which is to be coated:
system providing information on Kim loaïi neàn, kim loaïi cô baûn
ambient barometric pressure for z base metal attack = corrosion
the adjUStment of mixture etc., of the metal under a finish: Söï aên
which is important for the moøn kim loaïi neàn
maintenance of good engine z baseplate n. strong metal plate
performance at different altitudes: which forms the base of
Caûm bieán ño aùp suaát khí quyeån. something: Taám ñeá kim loaïi.
barrel n. main tubular section of a basic ignition setting or timing n.
carburetor including the air intake position to which the ignition is set,
and choke tube: Hoïng khueách taùn which is then varied by the
boä cheá hoøa khí. automatic advance system: Thôøi
barrier cream n. special cream ñieåm ñaùnh löûa cô baûn
recommended for use when z basic price n. minimum list
working on cars to reduce soiling price of a centain car model, to

24
basic timing battery discharge controller

which must be added any tax or saïc, naïp bình.

extras, the charge for delivery, (NOTE: also called state of
number plates, etc.: Giaù goác charge)
(chöa thueá vaø phí) z battery charge indicator =
z basic timing n.=basic ignition instrument showing the state of
timing: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa cô charge of the battery: Ñeøn baùo saïc
baûn z battery charger = device which
batch n. 1 number of things can be plugged into the mains and
produced as a group: Moät löôït, connected to a store battery to
moät ñôït. restore its state of charge: Maùy
2 mixture of natural and/ or (cuïc) saïc bình.
synthetic rubbers, and vulcanizing z battery charging station =
agents, used in tyre production: centre with high capacity battery
Hoãn hôïp cao su vaø chaát löu hoaù chargers for recharging batteries,
bath n. process of immersion or the esp. of electric cars: Traïm saïc
container used: Boàn, beå, chaäu. bình.
battery n. on most cars, a lead-acid z battery compartment n.
storage-battery, usually of 12 separate space provided for the
volts: Aéc quy, bình ñieän battery, usually under bonnet but
z the battery is flat or dead = sometimes below the rear seat or
there is no current left in the in the boot: Ngaên ñaët aéc quy.
battery: Aéc quy heát ñieän z battery condition n.= battery
z check the battery and top up if charge: Tình traïng aéc quy.
necessary = check the level of the z battery connector n. plug on
battery acid in the battery cells and battery-powered vehicle to connect
add distilled water to restore the the batteries to a charging station:
level if needed: Kieåm tra möïc Daây noái bình.
dung dòch vaø chaâm nöôùc z battery cover n. one-piece
battery acid n. fluid in the cells of a cover permanently sealed to the
car battery, in fact sulphuric acid: battery case and with common
Dung dòch ñieän phaân batteries provided with one
z battery capacity n. = ampere opening for each of the individual
hour capacity: Dung löôïng aéc quy cells for filling and topping-up
z battery case n. housing make purposes, such openings are
of polypropylene used to usually closed by plugs but are
accommodate the cells of a battery absent on modern maintenance–
with their plates and seperators, free batteries: Naép ñaäy bình ñieän
and the battery acid: Voû bình ñieän, z battery discharge controller n.
voû aéc quy. device on vehicle with electric
z battery charge n. condition of motor drive, which triggers a
the battery in relation to the warning indicator and/ or turns off
amount of current stored unit: Söï the power supply when the battery

25
battery earth bead

voltage drop bellow a certain battery charge indicator

minimum level: Thieát bò baûo veä z battery terminal n. terminal on
aéc quy khoûi söï phoùng ñieän the battery either in the front of a
z battery discharge indicator = post or a lug with a hole; also used
instrument on vehicles with sometimes to mean the clamp on
electric motor drive which the end of the cable: Cöïc aéc quy
indicates battery charge condition z battery tester n. voltage meter
in percent of full charge: Ñoàng hoà or hydrometer for checking the
baùo ñoä phoùng ñieän state of charge of a battery: Thieát
z battery earth n. earth provided bò kieåm tra aéc quy.
by a braided earth strap or a heavy z battery tray n. metal ledge
–duty cable leading from the supporting the battery, usually on
negative terminal (or the side of the engine bay: Khay
exceptionally, in positive earth ñöïng aéc quy.
systems, from the positive baulk ring n. part in a synchromesh
terminal) to a suitable point on the gearbox which prevents a gear
body or chassis: Noái mass aéc quy being engaged too soon: Voøng
z battery filler n. device with a ñoàng toác.
suction ball which can suck up bayonet cap n. cylindrical base of an
liquid and discharge it into the electric light bulb, usually with two
battery: Thieát bò chaâm dung dòch. pins projecting on either side,
z battery fluid n. = battery acid: which engage in j-shaped slots to
Dung dòch ñieän phaân lock the bulb securely in its socket:
z battery ignition (system) n. Ñuoâi ñeøn
general term for any battery- z bayonet fitting or socket =
powered ignition system where socket with either twin contacts or
battery voltage by an ignition coil a single contact and j-shaped slots
or transistorized ignition unit: Heä on either side to receive the pins of
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baèng aéc quy. the bulb: Raõnh chuïp ñuoâi ñeøn
z battery master switch n. BDC = BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:
switch which disconnects the Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
battery completely and cuts off bead n. (a) the part of a tyre which is
power to all electrical components: shaped to fit the rim, made of steel
Coâng taéc ngaét mass aéc quy. wires wrapped and reinforced by
z battery post n. round terminal the plies of the tyre: Tanh (gaân)
on a battery to which cable is voû xe.
attached, USually by a clamp: Coïc (b) any small ball-like part, such as
bình. the glass beads used in bead
(NOTE: to avoid confusion, the blasting or the pellets used in
positive post is usually of larger contains catalytic converters: Haït
diameter than the negative post) xuùc taùc.
z battery state indicator = z bead base n. the part of the tyre

26
bead blasting bearing separator

bead in contact with the rim bead bearing, as in the main bearings of
seat: Tanh chính. an engine: Naép ñaàu to thanh
z bead blasting n. cleaning truyeàn (bieân).
process using glass beads that is bearing clearance n. space between
fairly slow, but gives a high quality the bearing surface and its journal:
finish since paint and Khe hôû giöõa bieân vaø baïc loùt.
contamination can be removed z check the con rod for big-end
without affecting the critical bearing clearance = check the
tolerances of parts being blasted: gap between big-end and crankpin:
Söï xöû lí beà maët (sôn) Kieåm tra khe hôû giöõa ñaàu to
z bead core n. ring of steel wires thanh truyeàn vaø coå truïc khuyûu.
in the tyre bead: Loõi tanh voû. z bearing cone n. = taper roller
bead seat mat n. seat cover made of a bearing: OÅ bi coân
network of wood beads: Thaûm boïc z bearing cup = bearing shell:
gheá baèng caùc mieáng goã nhoû Baïc loùt hai nöûa
beam axle n. now used for any rigid z bearing housing n. housing for a
axle, but the original sense was a bearing, such as the centre section
nondriven axle form of an I-section of a turbocharger which supports
beam: Daàm caàu bò ñoäng daïng chöõ compressor and turbine housings
I. and the shaft to which the
beam indicator n. light on the compressor and turbine wheels are
instrument panel which comes on attached: Thaân ñôõ baïc loùt (taêng
usually only when the main aùp)
headlight beam is in use: Ñeøn baùo z bearing material n. metal layer
ñeøn pha forming the surface of a plain
bearing n. device which supports or bearing, typical of white metal:
positions a usually rotating or Lôùp kim loaïi beà maët baïc loùt.
reciprocating part such as a shaft, z bearing puller n. tool used to
esp. in such a way that little or no remove different types of bearings
friction results: Baïc loùt, oå bi. by pulling action: Duïng cuï thaùo
bearing assembly n. assembly of baïc ñaïn
more than one bearing for the z bearing race n. in balls or
same component, where more than rollers bearings, one of two steel
one load has to be supported: Cuïm rings between which the balls or
oå bi (2 voøng trôû leân) rollers run in tracks: Voøng (trong
z bearing cage n. circular frame hoaëc ngoaøi) baïc ñaïn
which holds the balls or rollers in z bearing separator n. special
place in a ball or roller bearing: tool used to separate double
Voøng caùch oå bi. bearings or close fitting gear, esp.
z bearing cap n. rigid, when a conventional jaw-type
semicircular part which encloses puller cannot be used, having
and holds the outer shell of a shell bevelled edges which allow

27
bearing shell belted bias tyre

insertion behind the bearings and

gears to be separated: Duïng cuï beetle n. (informal) the original rear
thaùo baïc ñaïn ñaëc bieät. engined volkswagen: Teân goïi cuûa
z bearing shell n. one of a pair of xe Volkswagen.
thin semicircular steel cups lined bell housing n. circular housing
with an alloy such as copper-lead between the crankcase and
or lead-indium, which together gearbox containing the flywheel
enclose a shaft or other rotating and clutch, or the torque converter
member, and are held in a circular in the case of automatic
housing which can be divided into transmission: Caùcte baùnh ñaø hay
two halves: Baïc loùt hai nöûa ñaàu traâu hoäp soá.
z bearing spread n. diameter belt n. (a) loop of strong material
slightly greater than that of the passed round two or more pulleys
housing with which almost all main and transmitting drive from one to
and big-end bearings are the other, such as a fan belt or
manufactured; this means that the timing belt: Daây ñai (truyeàn
bearing shell has to be force into ñoäng)
place, and so can not rotate; there (b) = seat belt: Daây ñai an toaøn
is also total contact between its (c) reinforcing layer or layers of
back and the housing: Söï caêng steel or nylon strands in the carcass
löng baïc loùt. of a radial fly tyre: Lôùp boá voû xe.
z bearing surface n. area of the z belt anchorage n. point where
bearing actually in contact with the the end of a seat belt is attached to
shaft or other member being the body of a car: Maáu giöõ ñai an
supporting: Beà maët tieáp xuùc cuûa toaøn
baïc loùt. belt drive n. system for transmitting
bed n. flat area used as a support: power by means of a belt passing
Neàn moùng. round pulleys: Truyeàn ñoäng daây
z bed in v. to make parts fit ñai.
together accurately: Chaïy raø. belted bias tyre n. hydrid tyre which
z it take a while for new brake is a mixture between cross-ply and
pads to bed themselves in = new radial-ply designs, with added
brake pads have to wear slightly to belts (as in radial tyres) on
be a perfect fit on the discs: Toán diagonal body plies (as in cross-ply
thôøi gian ñeå nhöõng boá phanh aên tyres), resulting in stiffer sidewalls
khôùp hoaøn toaøn vôùi ñóa phanh. than with straight radial tyres:
z bedding-in oil n. engine oil for Loaïi voû vôùi lôùp boá xieâng (cheùo)
use when run in new bearings: z belt end n. part of the seat belt
Daàu chaïy raø maùy. carrying the buckle and attached to
beefed up a. (informal) made the floor pan, increasing replaced
stronger, e.g. for heavy loads: by buckle attached directly to the
Maïnh ñeå taêng taûi car seat: Ñaàu giöõ ñaây ñai an toaøn

28
belt mounting binnacle

belt mounting n. = belt anchorage: test bed and run for a period of
Maáu giöõ ñai an toaøn time ;checks being made with the
z belt retractor n. device which aid of instruments on e.g. power
automatically pulls the seat belt output , fuel consumption and
back into its reel: Cô caáu ruùt ñai emission levels: Kieåm tra ñoäng cô
an toaøn treân baêng thöû
z belt sander n. power sanding bench vice n. vice for mounting on a
tool with a rotating belt lined with workbench: Baøn eâtoâ.
abrasive: Maùy ñaùnh boùng baèng bending pliers n. pliers with flat
baêng vaûi nhaùm. smooth jaws used to hold sheet
z belt slacker n.looseness of a metal in place,e.g. for welding:
drive belt: Söï giaõn daây ñai Kìm moû cong duøng trong kyõ
z belt slip n. slipping of a drive thuaät haøn
belt on its pulleys due to z bending strength n. ability of a
insufficient tightness, so that no material to resist the bending
power is transmitted: Söï tröôït ñai. moment: Söùc (ñoä) chòu uoán
z belt tensioner n.arrangement Bendix drive n. form of drive mainly
for tightening a drive belt, often used for starter motors, where a
comprising an idler pulley whose pinion is mounted on a shaft with a
position can be adjusted: Thieát bò helical screw and rushes down the
caêng ñai. shaft into engagement with the
z belt transmission n. = BELT starter teeth in the flywheel when
DRIVE the shaft is spun: Truyeàn ñoäng
z belt up n. to put on one’s seat baèng baùnh raêng Bendix trong
belt: Khoaùc daây ñai an toaøn maùy khôûi ñoäng.
(NOTE: US English is buckle up) (NOTE: also called inertia drive,
z belt webbing n. strong webbing due to the heavy piston moving
material used for seat belts: Ñai along the shaft under the
vaûi momentum of its own weight or
bench n. workbench, also used to inertia when the shaft turns inside
mean a test bed for engines: Baøn it)
thôï maùy, baêng thöû ñoäng cô z Bendix screw = the form of
z bench grinder n. power grinder helical screw on the shaft of a
for mounting on a workbench, with starter motor: Raõnh xoaén oác (ñeà)
two grinding wheels for grinding z Bendix starter = starter motor
and sharpening purposes: Baøn with a bendix drive: Maùy khôûi
maùy maøi. ñoäng söû duïng baùnh raêng Bendix.
bench seat n. seat in one piece benzene (C6H6) n. fluid constituent of
tretching across the full width of petrol: Benzen-loaïi hydrocacbon
the car: Gheá daøi trong xe thôm, maïch voøng
bench test n. stationary test, esp. of an binnacle n. cluster of instruments
engine, in which it is mounted in a and/or switches mounted in a

29
bio-degradable bihexagonal

usually circular casing fixed on or bias belted tyre n. = cross–ply tyre:

near the steering column: Duïng cuï Voû coù lôùp boá xieân
ño hay coâng taéc ñaët treân voâ laêng bicycle carrier n.device attached to
laùi the rear of a car, often supported
bio-degradable a. cable of being on a towbar, for carrying a bicycle:
made to rot by bacteria: Coù theå bò Giaù treo xe ñaïp (treân xe hôi)
thoái röõa do vi khuaån big-block engine n. US typical large
bit n. part of a tool for boring or american V-8 engine of the 1960s
cutting, esp. the interchangeable and 70s, with a simple and robust
tip of a drill or the blade of a design including cast-iron block
screwdriver: Muõi (caét, xoaùy) and heads and conventional
z bit adapter or holder = tool carburetors, and giving ample
with a female square drive at one power and enormous torque: Ñoäng
end to accept hexagon bits: Boä cô lôùn cuûa Myõ
phaän gaù tuyùp big end n. end of the connecting rod
bevel differential n. differential which fits round the crankpin: Ñaàu
which bevel gear for its main to thanh truyeàn
element, which allows the input z big-end bearing = bearing of
and output shaft to be at right the connecting rod on the crankpin,
angles to one another: Boä vi sai now nearly always in the form of
baùnh raêng noùn replaceble shell bearings, but
bevel drive shaft n. shaft with a bevel formerly of white metal deposited
gear at one ends, used esp. for on fixed shells: Baïc loùt ñaàu to
driving an overhead camshaft: thanh truyeàn
Truïc daãn ñoäng baùnh raêng noùn z big-end bolt = one of the bolts
bevel gear n. gear shaped in the fixing the big–end cap to the
form of a frustum of a cone, used connecting rod: Buloâng ñaàu to
to transmit motion through an thanh truyeàn
angle: Baùnh raêng noùn (coân). z big-end cap = the detachable
z bevel gear drive or end of the connecting rod which
transmission = form of fits on the crankpin: Naép ñaàu döôùi
transmission used to drive shafts thanh truyeàn
which do not align with the output bihexagon n. & a. (figure) having
shaft: Söï truyeàn ñoäng vuoâng goùc. twelve angles ; the shaft of some
beverage holder n. circular clip for nuts, botls heads and their
holding a beaker or glass, typically corresponding sockets: Coù möôøi
on the centre console: Voøng giöõ hai caïnh.
bezel n. circular metal surround or rim z bihexagon socket = socket
of an instrument, headlamp: Ñai which will it a standard hexagon
giöõ. bolt head or nut: Tuyùp möôøi hai
BHP = BRAKE HORSEPOWER: caïnh.
Coâng suaát phaùt ñoäng (haõm). z bihexagonal a. (of a nut, bolt

30
bimetallic corrosion blood alcohol (level or content)

head, etc.) having twelve angles or z bladed impeller n. rotating

points: Coù möôøi hai caïnh. member of a centrifugal pump
bimetallic corrosion n. corrosion of fitted with blades or vanes: Caùnh
two different metal exposed to an bôm.
electrolyte while in electrical z blanking plug n. rubber plug for
contact: Söï aên moøn ñieän hoùa cuûa filling holes in the floorpan: Nuùt
löôõng kim. bòt baèng cao su
binding n. (a) rubbing of brake shoes blast cleaning n.remove of corrosion,
against the drum or of brake pads dirt, scale, etc., by a blast of
against the disc: Söï boù phanh. abrasive particles: Söï laøm saïch
(b) strip material turned over along baèng chaát nhaùm.
the edge of a carpet or mat: Rìa bleed v. to drain fluid from (a
bao, vieàn hydraulic system) usually to
bituminuos paint n. black or dark remove any air which may have
coloured tarry paint which contain found its way in: Xaû gioù.
bitumen ; used for the protection of z bleed(er) screw = screw which
exposed metal parts: Sôn coù chöùa when slacked off allows hydraulic
nhöïa fluid to escape: Vít xaû gioù.
black box n. (informal) (a) = crash z bleed(er) valve = valve which
recorder: Hoäp ñen when opened allows hydraulic
(b) = control unit: Cuïm ñieàu khieån fluid to escape: Van xaû gioù.
z black chromium plating n. blind rivet n. = pop rivet: Ñinh taùn
electrolytic deposition of a black ñaàu chìm.
chronium layer for decorative z blind spot n. area not visible
purpose: Maï croâm ñen from the driver’s seat: Ñieåm muø.
z blackening n. = bulb blister n. bubble in the paintwork
blackening: Boùng ñeøn hoûng (ñen cause by trapped moisture or air
tim) under the paint or by rust: Bong
blade n. straight, narrow flat part, troùc, gioäp leân, phoàng leân (sôn).
such as the end of a screwdriver, blistering n. formation of blisters due
the part of the windscreen wiper in to rust or air or moisture trapped
contact with the windscreen, or one under the paint: Söï bong troùc.
of the vanes of a rotor or impeller: z blocking ring n. = baulk ring:
Löôõi, caùnh, maùi, phieán Voøng ñoàng toác.
z blade connector = plain metal block n. = cylinder block: Khoái
tongue for forming electrical xylanh.
connections: Phieán giaéc noái (daây z block sanding n. sanding the
ñieän) bodywork with a sanding block
z blade rubber = rubber strip which gives even sanding
fitted into the arm of a windscreen pressure: Phun caùt
wiper: Mieáng cao su lau kính (laù blood alcohol (level or content) n.
mía). amount of alcohol in the blood due

31
blooming blow-out

to drinking: (Noàng ñoä) coàn trong exhaust port opening and transfer
maùu. port opening: Söï queùt khí.
blooming n. formation of an z blowdown period = in a two-
undesired thin surface film or a stroke engine, the period between
milky white haze or mist on exhaust port opening and transfer
paintwork, which can occur when port opening which should be
paint is applied during humid, cold sufficiently long to drop below
conditions and is caused by time for the cylinder pressure, so
moisture being trapped in the wet that the exhaust gases can be
film: Söï ngöng tuï hôi nöôùc treân expelled more easily: Chu kyø
lôùp sôn khi sôn xe trong thôøi tieát queùt khí.
laïnh aåm z blower n. (a) (informal ) =
blow 1 v. to become defective, either SUPERCHARGER: Boä taêng aùp
by leaking or burning through: Bò (neùn khí)
hö vì roø hoaëc chaùy (b) fan for an interior heating and
2 n. leak of air or gases,e.g. from ventilation system, or more rarely
the exhaust: Söï roø ræ khí thaûi for an air-cooled engine: Quaït gioù
z the silence or exhaust gasket is (giaøn laïnh)
blowing = gases are leaking from z blower switch = switch for the
the silencer or exhaust gasket: Khí fan of a heating and ventilation
thaûi ñang roø ræ töø oáng giaûm thanh system: Coâng taéc quaït gioù
(poâ) z blow gun n. pressure–fed spray
z the short circuit caused the gun with a wide nozzle used to
fuse to blow = the fuse burnt blow out crevices, dust off large
through because of the overload areas, etc.: Suùng thoåi saïch (ñeå
caused by the short circuit: Ngaén sôn)
maïch gaây ra ñöùt caàu chì. z blowlamp n. tool giving an
z blowback n. forcing back of intense flame for burning off paint,
some of the air/fuel mixture brazing and soldering , and heating
through the carburetor due to a lead filter: Ñeøn ñoát sôn
sticking valve or as a result of the (NOTE: US English is blow torch)
inlet valve closing late: Noå doäi. z blow-off valve n. spring-loaded
z blow-by n. leakage of valve that prevents excessive boots
compressed air/ fuel mixture and pressure in a turbocharger or
gases (from combustion) past the supercharger: Van xaû khí (taêng
piston rings into the crankcase: Söï aùp)
loït khí. z blow out v. to clean (a blocked
z blowdown n. escape of gases pipe,etc.) by blowing or passing air
between the opening of the under high pressure through it:
exhaust valve and the piston Thoåi vôùi aùp suaát cao (ñeå thoâng
reaching bottom dead centre, or in oáng)
a two-stroke engine between z blow-out n. puncture in which

32
blue smoke body roll

the tyre bursts and often leaves the thaân xe.

rim: Noå voû. body construction n. manufacture
blue smoke n. exhaust smoke of a vehicle body: Söï cheá taïo thaân
indicating too rich a mixture: Khoùi xe.
xanh (hoãn hôïp quaù giaøu) z body fire n. hand tool for
BMC = BRITISH MOTOR smoothing body panels by
CORPORATION removing material from the
BMW n. German make of car, the surface, e.g. on filled areas,
letters standing for bayerishe consisting of a file blade held in an
motorenwerke: Xe hôi cuûa Ñöùc ( adjustable holder that may be
vieát taét cuûa chöõ Bayerishe adapted to convex or concave
Motoren Werke). surfaces: Duïng cu laøm phaúng beà
board n. = printed circuit board: Bo maët
maïch in z body filler n. filler: Thôï treùt
z board test = test of the printer ma tít
circuit board: Kieåm tra bo maïch z body framing n. assembly of
in the body components: Söï laép raùp
bodge 1 n. (informal) a hasty botched- khung xe.
up repair, not carried out with the z body glass n. windows and
proper tools or materials: Söï söûa windscreen of a car: Kính xe.
chöõa taïm thôøi, chaép vaù z body hammer n. hammer for
2 v. (informal) to do work badly,not knocking out dents: Buùa goø thaân
using the proper tools or materials: xe.
Söûa chöõa voäi vaõ z body-in-white n. bare body
body n. (a) main visible upper shell after welding but before
structure of a vehicle, as opposed painting: Thaân xe tröôùc khi sôn
to the chassis and running gear: z body jack n. hydraulic device
Thuøng, thaân xe. for proving the force to push or
(b) main part or housing, e.g. of a pull damaged body part into shape,
silencer: Voû boïc, thaân either directly or via straightening
(c) shank of a bolt: Thaân buloâng. equipment, e.g. pulling beams:
z body assembly n. building up of Con ñoäi duøng naén khung
the body from its various z body repair n. repair to the
components and panels: Söï laép bodywork of a car made necessary
thuøng xe. by accident damage or corrosion:
z body builder n. coach-builder: Söûa chöõa thaân xe (laøm ñoàng)
Thôï laøm ñoàng xe. z body repair shop = workshop
z body-coloured a. (of bumpers, specializing in the body repairs:
etc.) painted in the same colour as Xöôûng söûa chöõa thaân xe (xöôûng
the body: Sôn cuøng maøu thaân xe ñoàng sôn)
z body component n. structural z body roll n. rolling a vehicle’s
part of the body: Thaønh phaàn body when cornering: Söï laéc

33
body shell bonnet release

nghieâng thaân xe. bolt n. piece of metal bar with a screw

z body shell n. the bare skeleton thread and a usually hexagon head,
of a vehicle, stripped of all running for use with a nut or for screwing
gear, fittings, accessories and into a part with a matching female
detachable panels: Boä khung xe. thread: Buloâng.
z body shop n. (a) body assembly bond 1 n. state of adhesion: Traïng
shop in a factory: Xöôûng laép raùp thaùi gaén chaët.
thaân xe. 2 v. to join by means of an
(b) = body repair shop: Xöôûng laøm adhesive: Daùn, lieân keát, noái.
ñoàng sôn z bondung agent n. material that
z body stripe n. ornamental strip provides adhesive properties:
along the bottom of the side of the Chaát keát dính
body usually on sports cars and z bonding method n. method of
including the make and / or model joining two parts together with an
name in large letters: Ñöôøng vieàn adhesive: Phöông phaùp keát dính
thaân xe. bonnet n. hinged cover over the
z body tub n. bare body shell engine bay, usually of metal but
minus all removable panels such as now often of fibreglass: Naép capoâ,
doors and wings on cars featuring a naép ñaäy maùy.
separate chassis which is lowered (NOTE: US English is hood)
onto the chassis during assembly: bonnet badge n. badge usually stating
Boä khung xe (tröø caùc chi tieát coù the make in sometimes the model
theå thaùo ñöôïc). of vehicle in the centre of the front
z bodywork n. complete body edge of the bonnet: Bieåu töôïng
structure mounted on the chassis of haõng treân naép capoâ.
vehicles with separate chassis, and bonnet bump rubber or bonnet
the complete assembly of sheet bump n. rubber buffer mounted on
metal panels for car of unitary the vertical panel onto which the
construction: Thaân xe. bonnet is lowered: Ñeäm naép capoâ.
bogie n. assembly of four wheels on bonnet liner n. sound-absorbing
two axles with common material attached to the inside of
suspension, usually on heavy the bonnet to reduce engine noise:
commercial vehicles and trailers: Lôùp caùch aâm trong capoâ.
Rô mooùc bonnet lock n. locking mechanism
boil v. to bubble and change party to comprising a notched peg fixed to
vapour due to heat, said of engine front underside of the bonnet,
coolant and colloquially of a car or which fits into a hole with a sliding
its engine, also of brake fluid: latch in the panel above the grille:
Laøm soâi. Cô caáu khoùa naép capoâ.
z boiling point n. temperature at z bonnet release n. cable with a
which a liquid boils: Ñieåm soâi handle inside the vehicle which
(nhieät ñoä) releases the bonnet lock: Choát môû

34
bonnet (support) stay bore

capoâ (beân trong xe) indicated boost pressure: Thieát bò

z bonnet (support) stay n. rod ño aùp suaát taêng aùp.
which engages in a hole in the z boost pressure n. pressure in
bonnet to hold it in the open the intake system of the
position: Thanh choáng naép capoâ. superchargered engines when the
z bonnet tape n. double piping superchargered operates: Aùp suaát
with fabric covering used to keep taêng aùp
bonnet of on older-style cars from z boost sensor n. sensor located
rubbing in the paintwork of the in the choke tube which sends a
panels beneath them: Ñöôøng vieàn signal to the ignition control unit
naép capoâ. according to pressure conditions,
booming n. low-pitched resonance, and the control unit then adjusts
esp. in the exhaust: Tieáng noå the ignition timing for optimum
vang ôû oáng thaûi. performance: Caûm bieán aùp suaát
boost 1 n. addition power, pressure or taêng aùp
charge, esp. the pressure from a z boost valve n. valve in a
supercharger: Söï taêng aùp, taêng hydraulic system which amplifies
coâng suaát. pressure: Van taêng aùp (trong heä
(NOTE: also called boost thoáng thuûy löïc)
pressure) boot n. (a) separate area for lugguage
2 v. to increase (power, charge, behind the rear seats and mostly
pressure, etc.), amplify (an audio behind the rear window, or below
signal, etc.): Taêng, khueách ñaïi. the rear window in the case of
z boost control valve = blow-off fastback designs, with a hinged
valves: Van ñieàu khieån taêng aùp. cover: Ngaên haønh lyù (capoâ sau)
z booster n. amplifier unit which (b) = DUST BOOT: Voû chaén buïi,
increase the audio signal level at voû chuïp.
the loudspeakers, fitted between (c) = WHEEL CLAMP: Caùi keïp
the radio or stereo unit and the baùnh xe.
speakers, often mounted in the z booted version n. subsequent
boot: Boä khueách ñaïi (aâm ly) saloon version with boot of a
z booster battery n. additional model originally launch as a
battery connected in series to give hatchback: Ngaên haønh lyù rieâng
added power for starting: AÉc quy bieät.
ñöôïc maéc noái tieáp ñeå khôûi ñoäng z boot handle n. handle for
z booster cable = n. jump lead: opening the bootlid: Tay caàm môû
Daây noái aéc quy ngaên haønh lyù (capoâ sau)
z booster coil n. addition coil z bootlid n. hinged cover for the
which increase the strength of the boot: Naép ngaên haønh lí phía sau.
spark: Cuoän daây phuï ñeå taêng bore 1 n. (a) diameter of a cylinder,
ñieän aùp ñaùnh löûa especially of a cylinder in an
z boost gauge n. instrument internal combustion engine:

35
bossing mallet 36 bottoming

Ñöôøng kính xylanh ñoäng cô. cuøng.

(b) internal wall of a cylinder: 3 v. (a) (of suspension) to reach the
Vaùch xylanh. bottom end of its travel causing a
2 v. to bore and stroke an engine = jolt: Ñaït ñeán ñieåm cuoái.
to increase the bore and stroke of (b) (of a low part of vehicle) to
an engine: Laøm taêng ñöôøng kính make contact with the ground:
vaø khoaûng chaïy cuûa piston Ñieåm tieáp xuùc vôùi maët ñöôøng.
z to bore out an engine = to z bottom dead centre (BDC) n.
increase the bore of an engine: lowest point of travel of the piston
Taêng ñöôøng kính xylanh (leân coát) in a (vertical) piston-operated
z bore/ stroke ratio n. relation of combustion engine, from which the
the piston stroke to the diameter of piston starts to move up-wards
the cylinder of an engine, which again until it reaches the upper
provide information as to whether point of travel (top dead center):
the engine is a short stroke or a Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
long stroke unit: Tæ soá giöõa z the inlet valve closes 600 after
khoaûng chaïy vaø ñöôøng kính bottom dead centre or BDC = the
xylanh. inlet valve closes 600 after the
bossing mallet n. mallet with a pear- piston‘s lowest point: Van naïp
shaped wooden head commonly ñoùng sau ñieåm cheát döôùi 600.
used for shaping and stretching (NOTE: opposite is top dead
metal over a sandbag or wooden centre; the corresponding point (to
block: Caùi voà ñaàu loài. BDC) in a horizontally opposed or
botch 1 n. very badly executed piece ‘flat’ engine is that furthest from
of work: Söï laøm hoûng, söï laøm the combustion chamber, also
vuïng veà. called outer dead centre)
2 v. to do (a piece of work) very z bottom end n. (a) all moving
badly: Laøm hoûng, laøm vuïng veà. part in the crankcase and their
z botched-up job = (informal) bearings, or more narrowly, the
very badly executed repair which end of the connecting rod attached
is unlikely to last very long: Söûa to the crankshaft (the big end):
chöõa quaù toài Ñaàu to thanh truyeàn.
bottle jack n. small hydraulic jack in (b) lower range of engine
the shape of a bottle: Con ñoäi hình revolutions: Voøng quay ñoäng cô
chai. thaáp.
z bottleneck n. narrow stretch of z bottom end torque = pulling
road, or point on a road where power at low engine speed:
traffic is held up: Choã ñöôøng heïp Moâmen xoaén taïi toác ñoä thaáp.
deã bò taét ngheõn z bottom gear n. first gear: Soá
bottom 1 a. lower or lowest: Thaáp moät
nhaát. z bottoming n. contact between a
2 n. lowest point: Phaàn ñaùy, döôùi low part of a vehicle and the

36
bottom tank brake adjuster

ground: Ñieåm tieáp xuùc vôùi maët brace n. part providing support or
ñöôøng. reinforcement between two or
bottom tank n. bottom radiator tank more components: Giaù, khung,
in a thermosyphon water-cooling truï choáng, thanh giaèng.
system: Thuøng chöùa döôùi (cuûa boä z bracing n. (a) (action) stiffening
taûn nhieät) by mean of braces: Söï gia coá
bounce v. (a) (of valves or contact (b) brace; part used to provide of
breaker points) to chatter or support: Thanh giaèng.
bounce instead of closing properly bracket n. support usually made from
at high speeds: Naûy leân, baät leân metal strip for a part carried on or
(b) to put down and release a suspended from a vehicle, such as
conner of a vehicle : Söï haï xuoáng a fog lamp or exhaust system: Giaù
vaø baät leân cuûa moät goùc xe ñôõ, daàm coângxoân.
bowden cable n. control cable braided hose n. usually rubber pipe
consisting of a wire cable in a covered in woven material or
sheath, used especially for choke, braided wire, for fuel lines or
clutch, and accelerator cables: Caùp brake hoses: OÁng beän boá.
ñieàu khieån brake 1 n. (a) mechanism for slowing
bowser n. tanker for refuelling or stopping a vehicle in motion, or
especially military vehicles and for holding it when standing still:
aircraft: Thuøng tieáp teá nhieân lieäu. Cô caáu phanh, phanh.
box n. = silencer: Hoäp giaûm thanh. (b) device for measuring the power
z box spanner n. spanner in the of an engine: Thieát bò ño coâng
form of a tube with one or two suaát ñoäng cô.
hexagonal socket ends for fitting (c) = SHOOTING BRAKE: Phanh
over nuts and bolt heads, and with bò ñaâm.
holes in the sides to accept z to put on or apply the brakes =
crossbar called a tommy bar: OÁng to brake: Ñaïp phanh.
tuyùp z to stand on the brakes =
z box van n. van with a large (informal ) to brake hard: Keït
square-sectioned enclosed area for phanh.
goods behind the driver’s cab: Xe z to test an engine on the brake
coù thuøng chöùa haøng hoùa = to find out how much power an
z box wrench n. US = ring engine develops: Ño coâng suaát
spanner: Khoùa voøng. ñoäng cô.
B-pillar or B-post n. upright member (NOTE: the device used nowadays
behind the front door supporting is called a dynamometer)
the roof and carrying the striker 2 v. to operate the brakes in order
plate for the front door and, in the to slow down: Ñaïp phanh.
case of four-door models, the z brake adjuster n. device in a
hinges for the rear door: Truï giöõa drum brake system for moving the
ôû khung cöûa xe. shoes in relation to the drum: Cô

37
brake adjusting spanner brake fluid

caáu ñieàu chænh phanh (phanh phanh.

troáng) z brake cylinder n. = wheel
z brake adjusting spanner = cylinder: Xy lanh phanh.
special spanner with a square z brake disc = flat metal disc in a
cutout to fit over a square adjuster disc brake system, mounted on a
projecting from the brake wheel hub and rotating with the
backplate: Khoùa ñieàu chænh wheel until acted on by the brake
phanh. pads: Ñóa phanh.
(NOTE: US English is brake (NOTE: US English is disc brake
wrench) rotor)
z brake adjusting tool = lever- z brake dive n. dipping of a car’s
tyre tool for use on drum brakes front end or lifting of the rear end
with star wheel adjustment, which when the brakes are applies, due
fits through a slot in the backplate to a load transfer from the rear to
to turn the star wheel and adjust the front suspension: Söï chuùi ñaàu
the clearnce between the brake xe khi phanh.
shoe and the drum: Duïng cuï ñieàu (NOTE: opposite is squat)
chænh phanh. z brake drum n. metal drum
z brake band n. device used to mounted on a car hub to from the
hold one of the three turning outer shell of the brake, against
members of the planetary gear set which the brake shoes press to
in an automatic gearbox stationary slow or stop rotation of the drum
in order to change gear ratios, and wheel: Troáng phanh.
being replaced in more modern z brake fade n. loss of friction in
designs by, for example, and the brakes and thus of stopping
multiple-disc clutches: Ñai phanh. power due to overheating: Söï
z brake bleeder n. workshop tröôït phanh (do quaù nhieät)
equipment used to bleed air from z brake failure n. complete
hydraulic brake, clutch or steering failure of the brakes to function:
system on vehicles: Duïng cuï xaû Hö hoûng phanh.
gioù phanh. brake fluid n. special thin oil used in
z brake cable n. wire cable used hydraulic brake systems to transmit
to operate the brakes in some force through a closed system of
mechanical brake systems, still pipes (i.e. brake lines): Daàu
used for trailers and for the phanh.
handbrake on most cars: Daây caùp z brake fluid reservoir = usually
phanh. a translucent plastic tank located
z brake caliper n. assembly in a either directly on top of the master
disc brake system fitting over the cylinder or on a higher lever for
disc and containing the piston easier access, which contains two
which act on the brake pads, which chambers in dual-circuit braking
in turn press on the disc: Boä keïp systems, and may include a lever

38
brake horsepower brake shoe

sensor: Bình daàu phanh. z brake pad wear indicator =

brake horsepower n. power either a mechanical system which
developed by an engine which is produce screeching, squealing, or
measured by a brake or scraping noise when the pads are
dynamometer; often abbreviated worn, as the metal indicators
as bhp: Coâng suaát ñoäng cô. contact the brake discs, or an
z brake hose n. flexible, electrical system in which worn
reinforced high-pressure hose, pads close an electric circuit that
used to connect the fixed brake illuminates a warning light on the
pipes to the brake assemblies that instrument panel: Thieát bò baùo
move up and down with the moøn phanh.
wheels: OÁng daãn daàu phanh. z brake pedal n. pedal on the
z brake light n.red rear light floor of a vehicle in front of the
activated when the foot brake is driver which operates the brake:
applied; usually integrated in a tail Baøn ñaïp phanh.
light assembly: Ñeøn phanh. z spongy brake pedal = lack of
(NOTE: also called stop light) normal resistance when the pedal
z brake lining n. curved strip of is pressed often due to air in the
friction material usually containing hydraulic system: Baøn ñaïp phanh
asbestos attached to a brake shoe: bò troâi.
Boá phanh. z brake panel travel = free
z riveted or bonded brake movement of the brake pedal
linings = brake linings attached to before resistance is felt: Ñoä rô
the brake shoes with rivets or baøn ñaïp phanh.
glued on with adhesive: Boá phanh z brake pulling n. pulling to left
ñöôïc taùn riveâ hoaëc daùn or right as a result of uneven
z brake mean effective pressure braking effort: Phanh bò ñaâm
(BMEP) n. average pressure in the (sang traùi hoaëc sang phaûi)
cylinders of an engine divided by z brake rotor n. US = BRAKE
its mechanical efficiency, i.e. the DISC: Ñóa phanh.
ratio of the power actually z brake servo (unit ) n. apparatus
delivered at an output shaft to which supplement the driver’s
power developed in the cylinders; physical effort in providing most of
used as an indication of torque: AÙp the force required for braking,
suaát (tæ leä giöõa coâng suaát ôû truïc usually using vaccuum from the
ra baùnh xe vaø coâng suaát phaùt ra inlet manifold: Boä trôï löïc phanh.
töø xy lanh) hieäu quaû trung bình. z brake shoe n. curved part in
z brake pad n. pad of friction drum brake systems with T-shaped
material on a steel plate that is cross section, made of sheet steel
brought into contact with the disc or an alloy casting, to which the
under heavy pressure in a disc brake lining is riveted or bonded
brake: Boá phanh. with adhesive: Guoác phanh.

39
brake test break down

(NOTE: the term brake shoe is and rear wheels: Phaân boá löïc
often used for the complete shoe- phanh giöõa baùnh tröôùc vaø sau
and-lining assembly) z braking system = complete set
z brake shoe return spring = of braking equipment: Heä thoáng
spring whose ends are attached to phanh.
two brake shoes, bringing them brass punch n. brass tool used to
back into the off position after the drive bearing races, bushes, etc. in
brake has been applied: Loø xoø and out: OÁng loùt.
guoác phanh. z braze v. to join two metal
z brake test n. test of braking surfaces by fusing a layer of brass
efficiency, typically as part of a or high-melting solder between
roadworthiness test: Kieåm tra them: Haøn baèng hôïp kim ñoàng
hieäu quaû phanh. break v. (a) to separate into several
z brake warning light n. light parts: Raõ (maùy)
which can serve several purposes, (b) to separate: Taùch ra
such as indicating a low fluid lever z to break (up) a car for spares =
in the brake fluid reservoir, a to take a car to piece so that the
malfunction in one of two separate part can be used to repair other
braking circuits, executive wear of cars: Raõ chieác xe ra thaønh nhöõng
brake pads or linings, or when the boä phaän
handbrake is applied with the z point break 50 before TDC =
ignition switch on: Ñeøn baùo the contact breaker points open
phanh. (and the spark occurs) 50 before
z brake wrench n. US =brake top dead centre: Vít löûa môû ra
adjusting spanner: Khoùa ñieàu tröôùc ñieåm cheát treân 50
chænh phanh. break away v. (of a vehicle) to leave
braking n. operation or functioning of the desired line of travel due to
the brake: Söï phanh. loss of adhesion, especially when
z braking distance = distance cornering: Tröôït ngang khi quay
required for a vehicle to come to voøng
rest from the point where the break down v. (a) (of a mechanism or
brakes are first applied: Quaõng vehicle) to cease to operate:
ñöôøng phanh Hoûng, hö.
z braking effort or force = (b) (of insulation) to lose its
retarding power of a brake or effectiveness: Maát hieäu quaû.
brakes: Löïc phanh. z breakdown n. (a) failure of a
z braking performance = mechanism or a vehicle: Söï hoûng
behaviour of the brakes when hoùc (maùy moùc hoaëc xe coä).
operated or amount of braking (b) (of insulation) loss of
effort available: Ñaëc tính phanh effectiveness: Maát hieäu quaû.
z braking ratio = distribution of z breakdown across the sparking
braking effort between the front plug insulator cause missing = if

40
breakdown recovery (service) 41 breathalyse

the insulation of the sparking plug system with a pulse generator

becomes faulty, that cylinder will instead of a contact breaker: Boä
stop firing or fire only chia ñieän khoâng coù vít löûa
intermittently: Söù caùch ñieän cuûa z breakerless transistorized
bougie hoûng thì söï ñaùnh löûa seõ ignition (system) = electronic
döøng laïi hoaëc dieãn ra khoâng lieân ignition system with a pulse
tuïc. generator such as a magnetic or
z breakdown recovery (service) Hall effect pick-up instead of a
n. towing or transporting broken- contact breaker, processing the
down vehicles to a garage for signals generator in an electronic
repair or the owner’s home: Keùo control unit: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
xe hö veà söûa chöõa baùn daãn khoâng coù vít löûa (tieáp
z breakdown truck = vehicle ñieåm)
equipped for towing or sometime break in v. US = RUN IN: Chaïy thöû
transporting disabled vehicles: Xe ñoäng cô coøn môùi.
chuyeân duïng ñeå keùo caùc xe hoûng breakover n. area of a dent in a panel
hoùc. where the sheet metal is actually
breaker n. (a) person who breaks up buckled into the opposite direction
cars and sometimes other vehicles of the normal shape: Choã moáp,
which are worn out or no longer thuïng
roadworthy and will sell any break time n. period during which the
reusable parts: Thôï raõ xe ñeå baùn contact breaker points remain
phuï tuøng. open: Thôøi gian vít môû.
(b) = contact breaker: Vít löûa, (NOTE: opposite is dwell period)
coâng taéc tieáp ñieåm. break up v. to dismantle a vehicle and
z break-triggered transistorized sell the parts: Thaùo raõ (xe)
ignition (system) = transistorized (NOTE: US English is part out)
ignition system whose distributor is breathalyse or breathalyze v. to give
the same as that of a coil ignition (a driver) a breathalyser test:
system, but whose contact breaker Kieåm tra löôïng röôïu ñaõ uoáng
switch only the control current; qua hôi thôû.
usually not fitted as original z breathalyser or breathalyzer
equipment: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa n. device into which a driver blows
baùn daãn coù vít ñieàu khieån to determine the amount of alcohol
breaker cam n. cam that turns on the in his breath (and thus in his
distributor shaft and has as many blood): Thieát bò kieåm tra löôïng
lobes as there are engine röôïu ñaõ uoáng qua hôi thôû
cylinders: Cam vít löûa z breathalyser or breathalyzer
z breakerless a. having no test = test given by the police to
contact breaker: Khoâng coù vít löûa find out how much alcohol a driver
z breakerless distributor = has drunk: Kieåm tra löôïng röôïu
distributor in an electronic ignition ñaõ uoáng.

41
breather bulb holder

breather n. passage to the open air bucket seat n. rigid seat with slightly
from an enclosed space, especially raised sides to give the passenger
the crankcase, to provide or driver lateral support ; mainly
ventilation: OÁng thoâng hôi (cacte) used in sports cars: Gheá coá ñònh.
bridge igniter n. device for detonation buckle n. locking metal clasp of a seat
the air bag: Kíp noå tuùi khí. belt: Khoùa gaøi daây ñai an toaøn
bright a. (of finish or plating) shiny z buckle up v. ( informal US) =
and reflecting much light: Saùng BELT UP: Khoùa ñai an toaøn.
choùi. buffeting n. sort of severe, pulsating
(NOTE: opposite is matt) draught as experienced when
brinell harness n. hardness measured driving at high speeds with the
in a test by hydraulically pressing a windows open, or in convertibles
hard ball under standard load into with the top down: Söï rung laéc.
the specimen: Ñoä cöùng Brinell. buffing n. smoothing and polishing of
brush n. (a) paintbrush: Coï, choåi sôn a surface by means of a rotating
(b) rubbing electrical contact for flexible wheel to the surface of
use with rotating members, which fine, abrasive particles are
especially commutator in starters, applies in liquid or past form: Söï
alternators or generators: Choåi ñaùnh boùng.
than build quality n. quality of
z brush holder = in a starter workmanship and materials in the
motor, generator or alternator the construction of a vehicle: Chaát
part holding the carbon brushes löôïng laép raùp
and providing guidance for the z built-up crankshaft =
spring loaded brUShes to maintain crankshaft made from separate
their contact with the commutator parts rather than cast or forged in
or slip ring: Ñeá choåi than one piece: Truïc khuyûu gheùp
z brush spring = spring holding a bulb n. gas-filled, glass envelope
carbon brush in contact with the (often pear- shaped if not actually
commutator or slip ring: Loø xo pear-sized) containing a thin metal
choåi than filament which lights up when an
BSF = BRITISH STANDARD FINE electric current is passed through
z BSI = BRITISH STANDARDS it: Boùng ñeøn
INSTITUTION z bulb blackening = blackening of
z BSW = BRITISH STANDARD the bulb glass due to metal vapour
WHITWOTH deposition, often indicator that the
BTDC = Before Top Dead bulb is about to fail: Boùng ñeøn bò
Centre:Tröôùc ñieåm cheát treân chaùy
B thread n. = internal thread: Ren z bulb holder = usually a bayonet
trong. socket for a lighter bulb: Chui ñeøn
bubble n. small blister in the (NOTE: US English is lamp
paintwork: Choã doäp sôn (nhoû) socket)

42
bulkhead burr walnut

bulkhead n. panel at the rear of the z bumping hammer = hammer

engine compartment that spans the for coarse hammer work on bodies,
full width of the body and extends Used with dollies: Buùa goø
vertically from the scuttle down to bump start n. method of starting a car
the front edge of the floorpan or with a flat battery, by pushing it or
the toeboard ; also used for the letting it run down a hill and then
panel behind the rear seat letting in the clutch in second gear:
separating the passenger cabin Khôûi ñoäng baèng caùch ñaåy hoaëc
from the boot: Vaùch ngaên. cho xe xuoáng doác roài caøi soá 2 khi
(NOTE: US English is dash panel) aéc quy bò heát ñieän
bull bar n. upward extension of a (NOTE: only possible on a car with
bumper to protect lights and (at the a manual gearbox)
front of the car) the grille: Thanh z bump steer n. effect observed
caûn. when the movement of the
bump and rebound n. the two stages suspension caused by hitting a
of suspension movement requiring bump or hole in the road acts on
damping: Hai traïng thaùi chuyeån the steering to turn the wheels
ñoäng cuûa heä thoáng treo chaïm slightly sideways, which makes the
xuoáng vaø naûy leân car veer to one side ; this can be
bumper n. previously a separate metal felt by the steering wheel: Söï
bar or blade at the front or rear of a nghieâng tay laùi khi gaëp oå gaø
vehicle, now a reinforced impact- z bump stop n. rubber buffer
absorbing plastic moulding faired which limits the extent a vehicle
in to the bodywork and absorbing suspension can move on hitting a
impacts, at least at low speeds: Caùi bump: Caùi giaûm va ñaäp baèng cao
caûn, caùi chaén xe. su treân nhuùn
z bumper bar = usually tubular or burning n. (a) erosion or eating away,
curved section separate bumper: especially of contact breaker or
Thanh chaén xe. sparking plug points or exhaust
z bumper bracket = mounting valves: Söï baøo moøn
bracket for the bumper assembly, (b) = combustion: Söï chaùy
fixed to the body or chassis, now burnishing n. polishing process for
often designed to give way to a metal, usually a fine abrasive on a
certain extent on impact: Caùi giaù buffing wheel: Söï ñaùnh boùng (kim
thanh chaén. loaïi)
z bumper iron = bumper bracket: burnt a. (of points or valves) eroded
Caùi giaù thanh chaén or eaten away: Bò baøo moøn
bumping out n. first step in the panel burr n. rough edge or other small
beating process, in which the panel projection on metal: Gôø, rìa.
is roughly brought back into shape z burr walnut n. wood veneer
with a straightening hammer: Goø used for dashboards and door
thoâ (laøm ñoàng) cappings in luxury cars: Daàu

43
burst bypass valve

ñaùnh boùng goã trang trí treân caùc butt joint or weld n. welded joint
xe sang troïng where the panels or other parts to
burst v. (of tyre) to explode and lose be joined do not overlap: Moái haøn.
all its air very suddenly: Söï noå voû button head n. = round head (bolt):
xe Buloâng ñaàu troøn.
bus n. (short for omnibus) vehicle for bypass 1 n. (a) road going round and
carrying a fairly large number of thus avoiding a town or other
passengers, usually for payment, congested area: Ñöôøng voøng.
over a set route and with a fixed (b) means such as a passage
time schedule: Xe buyùt. through which the flow of a liquid
z single decker bus = bus with or gas is redirected in place of its
one story or deck: Xe buyùt moät original or main course: Ñöôøng
taàng. taét.
z double decker bus = bus with 2 v. to go round (an object) so as to
two storeys or decks: Xe buyùt hai avoid it: Ñi voøng, loái reõ.
taàng. z bypass air screw n. screw on
busbar n. rod or other electrical the airflow sensor of a fuel
conductor carrying a large current injection system, for adjusting the
at a constant voltage and amount of air in the mixture: Vít
connecting several circuits: Daây chænh hoãn hôïp (treân boä ño gioù)
ñieän vôùi doøng lôùn vaø ñieän aùp z bypass filter n. type of oil filter
khoâng ñoåi (daây caùp ñieän) through which only part of the total
bus or US busing n. thin metal sleeve lubricant passes (approximately
fitted into a circular hole and 10-20 %), the rest being supplies
acting as a bearing for a shaft or directly to the lubricating points:
similar inserted into it: Sô mi, oáng Boä loïc reõ.
loùt, baïc z bypass valve n. valve which,
butterfly nut n. = wing nut: Ñai oác coù when open, directs the flow of a
caùnh (oác böôùm) liquid or gas through a bypass;
z butterfly (valve) n. throttle such as the wastegate in the
valve in a tube, especially a exhaust of a turbocharger system:
carburettor air intake, comprising a Van reõ, van xaû.
disc pivoted along its diameter:
Böôùm ga.

44
C cadence braking

Cc
C (a) (short of) Celsius or connecting cable to their terminals,
centigrade: Ñoä baùch phaân. especially battery cables to the
(b) = COULOMB: Culoâng (ñôn vò terminal posts: Ñaàu keïp daây caùp.
ño ñieän tích). z cable clamps should be tight on
(c) = COMFORT: Söï tieän nghi. the terminal posts and free of
z C-4 System n. = COMPUTER corrocable covering = outer layer,
CONTROLLED CATALYTIC now nearly always of plastic,
CONVERTER: Heä thoáng maùy serving as electrical insulation for
tính ñieàu khieån boä xuùc taùc (hoaù cables: Ñaàu daây caùp phaûi ñöôïc
khöû khí thaûi) baèng maùy tính sieát chaët treân coïc aéc quy vaø
Cab n. (a) = TAXI (CAB ): Xe taéc xi. khoâng bò phuû bôûi oxít
(b) enclosed part at the front of a z cable brake = mechanical brake
commercial vehicle for the driver operated by levers and a cable,
and passenger(s): Buoàng laùi. either unsheathe or a bowden type,
z cabin n. = passenger now only used for a handbrake or
compartment: Khoang haønh on a trailer.: Daây caùp phanh
khaùch. z cable guide = tube section
z cabin forward design = bolted or spot-welded to a part of
passenger car design with a the body such as the floor pan for
relatively short front end, and routing an operating cable, e.g. for
footwells extending up to the front a bonnet release: OÁng daãn höôùng
axle, providing added passenger daây caùp
space: Thieát keá xe ñeå cabin roäng z cable-operated = brought into
cable n. (a) assembly of insulated operation by a cable: Hoaït ñoäng
electrical conductors, usually nhôø caùp
wires, laid together, often around a z cabriolet n. convertible with a
central core and surrounded by a soft top and windows, usually a
heavy insulation, for heavy duty four-seater: Xe mui traàn
applications such as battery cables: CACIS = CONTINUOUS AC
Daây caùp, daây ñieän to. IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
(b) assembly of wire strands ñaùnh löûa xoay chieàu lieân tuïc
twisted together used for a pulling CAD (short of) computer-aided
or sometimes a pushing or twisting design: Söï thieát keá treân maùy
action, either without a sheath ( as tính.
in some brake cables), or with a cadence braking n. emergency
sheath as in control cables and braking method in which the driver
drives such as speedometer cables: rapidly depresses and release the
Caùp beän, daây caùp meàm brake pedal: Söï nhòp phanh khi
z cable clamp = device for phanh khaån caáp

45
cadmium-plated cam roller

cadmium-plated a. covered in a Daây ñai (curoa) cam

coating of cadmium: Maï catmi. z cam chain n. = TIMING
CAE (short for) computer-aided CHAIN: Xích (seân) cam.
engineering: Kyõ thuaät vôùi söï hoã z cam design n. = CAM
trôï maùy tính PROFILE: Bieân daïng cam.
z CAL (shot for) computer-aided z cam face n. surface of a cam:
lighting: Heä thoáng chieáu saùng vôùi Beà maët cam.
söï hoã trôï cuûa maùy tính z measure the cam face from
calibration n. marking the measuring nose to heel = measure the cam’s
units on an instrument or checking surface from the highest point to
their accuracy: Söï ñònh côõ, ñieàu the lowest: Ño beà maët cam töø
chænh, caân chænh ñieåm cao nhaát ñeán ñieåm thaáp
caliper or calliper n. (a) measuring nhaát
tool with two legs usually mounted z cam follower n. (a) part of the
in a slide on a measuring bar, for valve stem-possibly equipped with
internal and external a roller mechanism-in a manner to
measurement; some designs allow prevent lateral forces acting on
depth and step measurement a either the pushrod or valve stem:
well; the different types include Baùnh xe tieáp xuùc vôùi cam.
vernier calipers, dial calipers, or (b) = TAPPET: Con ñoäi
digital calipers: Thöôùc keïp z cam heel n. lowest point of a
(b) = BRAKE CALIPER: Boä keïp cam opposite the lobe: Ñeá cam
phanh ñóa. (NOTE: also called base circle)
caliper frame = casting that holds the z cam lobe n. projecting part of a
brake caliper, either directly bolted cam which pushes an a pushrod,
to the suspension or to an adapter: valve stem, or follower, etc.: Vaáu
Maâm phanh cam.
z caliper gauge n. = caliper: z cam lubricator n. device, often
Thöôùc keïp in the from of a wick, for
cam n. (a) rotating part with a lubricating the contact breaker
projection or projections (called cam in the distributor: Baác boâi
lobes) used to push another part at trôn cam (trong boä chia ñieän).
precisely defined intervals: Cam z cam profile n. exact shape of
(bieán chuyeån ñoäng quay thaønh the cam face which determines the
chuyeån ñoäng thaúng). rate and extent of valve lift, i.e.
(b) (informal for ) camshaft: Truïc how fast and how far the valve
cam opens, and all other aspects of
z twin cam engine = engine with valve behaviour during the
two camshafts: Ñoäng cô cam keùp. opening and closing process: Bieân
z cam angle n. = DWELL: Goùc daïng cam.
ngaäm. z cam roller n. rotating wheel
z cam belt n. = TIMING BELT: acting as a cam follower: Baùnh xe

46
camber candela

quay tieáp xuùc vôùi cam. truïc cam.

camber n. (a) angle formed by the z camshaft drive = connection
plane of the wheel to the between crankshaft and camshaft –
perpendicular as viewed from the either via gears, chain, drive belt,
front: Goùc nghieâng cuûa baùnh xe shaft or eccentric shaft – that
khi nhìn höôùng vuoâng goùc töø phía ensures the require speed ratio of
tröôùc. 1:2: Söï truyeàn ñoäng cam (qua
(b) slightly arched contour of a truïc khuyûu).
road or other surface: Söï voàng leân, z camshaft drive belt = timing
choã loài leân belt: Ñai (curoa) truyeàn ñoäng
(c) curvature of a leaf spring: Ñoä truïc cam.
cong cuûa nhíp xe. z camshaft drive sprocket =
z positive camber = wheel sprocket mounted on the
leaning outwards at the top: Goùc crankshaft to drive the camshaft
camber döông (baùnh xe coù via the timing chain: Baùnh xích
khuynh höôùng ngaõ ra ngoaøi) khi treân coát maùy trong truyeàn ñoäng
nhìn töø treân truïc cam baèng xích
z negative camber = Goùc z camshaft end play = free
camber aâm. lateral movement of the camshaft:
camper n. motorized caravan, with a Khe hôû doïc cuûa truïc cam
body in appearance like a van, z camshaft housing = housing for
built on a small to medium-sized one of the camshaft of a twin
commercial vehicle chassis and overhead camshaft engine
offering sleeping, cooking and mounted on top of the cylinder
other facilities: Xe kieåu nhaø löu head, and containing the camshaft
ñoäng. and usually also the tappets: Naép
z camping trailer n. (a) trailer truïc cam.
containing camping equipment or z camshaft journal = part of the
fitted with a tent which can camshaft running in one of its
erected on arrival at the desired bearings: Coå truïc cam.
camping site: Toa mooùc theo nhaø z camshaft pulley = pulley on the
löu ñoäng. end of the camshaft for the
(b) US = caravan: Xe lôùn duøng camshaft drive belt: Puli cam.
laøm nhaø löu ñoäng. z camshaft sprocket = sprocket
camshaft n. shaft carrying the cams mounted on the camshaft driven
which operate the valves usually of by the timing chain which in turn
a four-stroke engine and rotating at driven by the crankshaft: Baùnh
half engine speed: Truïc cam, coát xích (nhoâng) treân truïc cam.
cam. can n. tube in a canned motor pump
z camshaft bearing = bearing which insulates the motor winding:
(usually a plain bearing) which Bình nhoû.
supports the camshaft: Baïc loùt candela n. basic unit of luminous

47
candy paint job captive

intensity: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä aùnh transformer when a thyristor is

saùng. triggered at the ignition point: Heä
candy paint job n. (informal us) thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung (baèng
custom paintwork using a tuï).
transparent colour medium applied capacity n. (a) amount which can be
over the base coat, which adds contained in a container such as a
translucence and richness to the fuel tank, sump, radiator, etc. and
paint, especially all shades of red: by extension the swept volume of
Lôùp sôn laøm boùng. an engine: Dung tích
cannibalize v. to the take parts from (b) output of an electric motor or
(a vehicle) to fit to another other electrical apparatus: Coâng
vehicle: Ñoåi phuï tuøng (laáy töø xe suaát ngoû ra cuûa thieát bò ñieän
naøy gaén qua xe khaùc). (c) volume of fluid handle through
cantilever spring n. (a) leaf spring a pump, usually in gallons per
mounted upside down and fixed to minute: Löu löôïng tính baèng theå
the vehicle at its mid-point, (now tích (cuûa bôm).
obsolete): Nhíp ngöôïc (xe cuõ). z capacity rating n.= rated
(b) quarter elliptic leaf spring: capacity: Dung löôïng ñònh möùc
Nhíp daïng moät phaàn tö elip. cuûa aéc quy
can trail n. = roof rail: Thanh ñôõ capillary (tube) n. tube with a very
mui xe. small bore used for temperature
canvas top n. US soft top for an open gauges: OÁng mao daãn
car, especially one made of a cap nut n. nut whose outer end is
natural fabric: Mui baèng vaûi baït. closed, covering the thread: Ñai oác
cap n. (a) protective cover, usually moät ñaàu bòt
round and such as can be screwed capping n. see door capping: Mieáng
or twisted on, e.g. radiator cap, roong cöûa
petrol cap: Caùi naép ñaäy (thuøng capstan screw n. screw with a round
xaêng, keùt nöôùc). head with a hole or holes passing
(b) base of a light bulb which fits through it, into which a tommy bar
into the socket: Ñuoâi ñeøn is inserted for tightening or
capacitor n. assembly of one or more loosening: Ñinh oác coù loã noái caàn
pairs of conductors separated by sieát
insulators, able to store an electric capstat n. wax-type thermostat at the
change where there is a voltage base of the jet of a SU carburetor,
difference: Tuï ñieän. which expands and reduces fuel
z capacitor discharge ignition flow when the under bonnet
(CDI) (system) = electronic temperature rises: Boä ñieàu chænh
ignition system whose ignition nhieân lieäu theo nhieät ñoä baèng saùp
energy is store in the electrical captive a. permanently located in
field of a capacitor, which the desired position: Coá ñònh, baét
discharge via the ignition chaët (vaøo vò trí mong muoán).

48
captive nut car theft

z bolt with captive plain washer and preserving especially the

= bolt with a plain washer trapped bodywork and interior: Caùc saûn
under its head: Bu loâng vôùi voøng phaåm chaêm soùc xe (lau chuøi,
ñeäm giöõ chaët ñaàu ñaùnh boùng).
captive nut = nut insert in a sheet z car cover = cover shaped to fit
metal cage spot-welded to the a car, usually waterproof for use
body in an inaccessible position, outdoors, but can also be for
so that the item fixed to it can protection against dust and
easily be removed: Ñai oác coá ñònh condensation during storage: Taám
(haøn vaøo khung). boïc xe.
car n. (a) US = TRAMCAR: Xe z car crash see CRASH: Tai naïn
ñieän xe hôi.
(b) = PASSENGER CAR: Xe du z car insurance = motor
lòch insurance: Baûo hieåm xe hôi.
z car accident = car crash: Tai z car key = key for the ignition,
naïn xe hôi. boot, doors or petrol cap, etc.:
z car alarm (system) = alarm Chìa khoùa xe.
system: Heä thoáng baùo ñoäng treân z car park = area or building
xe hôi. where cars may be parked: Baõi
z car banger = (informal ) person ñaäu xe.
or organization that fakes car z car phone = cellular telephone
accident and repair bills in order to installed in a car: Ñieän thoaïi
get the repair money from trong xe.
insurance companies: Ngöôøi nguïy z car polish = polish for the
taïo tai naïn xe coä (laáy baûo hieåm). exterior paintwork of a car: Söï
z car banging = (informal) ñaùnh boùng xe.
insurance fraud involving fake car z car sponge = large sponge for
accidents and repair bills: Söï giaû washing a car: Xoáp lau xe.
maïo tai naïn xe coä ñeå laáy tieàn baûo z car stereo = combination of a
hieåm. stereo radio with a cassette player
z car blind = blind for the rear or sometimes with a CD player,
window to prevent dazzle from for use in a car: Heä thoáng aâm
following vehicles’ head–lights: thanh xe.
Maøn che choáng choùi phía sau xe. z car tax = tax add to the price
z car burglar = person who steals of a new car, or tax payable
things from cars: Keû troäm ñoà töø annually or six-monthly for using a
xe hôi. caron the road: Thueá xe.
z car cap = waterproof cover for z car test = road test: Kieåm tra
the roof, windscreen and windows: xe treân ñöôøng tröôøng
Taám che xe. z car theft n. stealing cars or
z car care produce = preparation stealing items from cars: Söï aên
or article for cleaning, polishing caép xe hoaëc ñoà vaät trong xe

49
car thief carbon knock

z car thief = person who steals z carbon brush n. rubbing

cars: Keû troäm xe. electrical contact in the form of a
z car tyre = tyre suitable for a carbon block or rod which bears
passenger car: Voû xe. against another member, such as a
z car wash = (a) drive-in, commutator, collector ring or slip
automatic facility for washing a ring, to provide passage for an
car: Traïm röûa xe töï ñoäng. electric current, e.g. from an
(b) car cleaning agent for adding external source to the armature of
to water, containing a detergent a motor, as in a starter, or form the
and usually a wax: Chaát phuï gia rotor of an alternator via slip rings
ñeå röûa xe to an external circuit: Choåi than.
z car wax = non abrasive polish z carbon brush spring = BRUSH
containing wax for protecting a SPRING: Loø xo choåi than.
car’s finish: Saùp ñaùnh boùng xe. carbon build-up or deposits n.
caravan n. mobile home especially residues of burnt oil deposited in
for recreational purpose, for the combustion chamber, on the
towing behind a car commercial piston top and elsewhere in the
vehicle, usually with two wheels: course of the combustion process:
Nhaø löu ñoäng keùo theo xe. Muoâïi than (baùm trong buoàng
(NOTE: US English is camping ñoát)
trailer, mobile home) carbon-core leads n. HT or ignition
z caravanning n. traveling with leads with a tiny diameter core of
a caravan, usually as a holiday: Ñi carbon or graphite: Daây phin than,
du lòch vôùi nhaø löu ñoäng. daây cao aùp vôùi loõi cacbon.
carb n. = CARBURETTOR: Boä cheá z carbon dioxide (CO2) n.
hoøa khí. colourless, odourless, non-toxic
carbon n. (a) black material with good gas, a natural constituent of the
electrical properties of atmosphere and a product of
breathing and some combustion
conductivity: Than coác.
processes: Khí CO2.
(b) deposit with forms in the
combustion chamber, on the piston carbon fibre n. thin, light and very
crown and to a lesser extent in the strong fibre of pure carbon, used as
inlet and exhaust ports, resulting reinforcement with resins, metal
form incomplete combustion and other materials: Sôïi cacbon.
especially of oil: Muoäïi than. carbon fouling n. blockings of the
z carbon black n. engineering points of a sparking plug by
material, used as filler in plastic carbon, often causing intermittent
mouldings and in tyres, where it firing or complete failure: Söï ñoùng
improves the mechanical chaáu bougie.
properties of tyre rubber and z carbon knock n. type of engine
produces, as a side effect, the knock in internal combustion
typical black colour: Moà hoùng engines, caused by uncontrolled

50
carbon monoxide (CO) carpeting

ignition as a result of carbon air passage through the carburetor:

deposits in the combustion Loã gioù chính
chamber, especially in old engine: z carburettor engine n. engine
Söï roùc maùy (kích noå) vì muoäi fitted with a carburettor as opposed
than. to fuel injection: Ñoäng cô söû duïng
z carbon monoxide (CO) n. cheá hoøa khí.
poisonous but colourless and (NOTE: opposite is fuel injection
odourless gas resulting from engine)
incomplete oxidation or z carburetor icing n. formation
combustion of carbon, which is one of ice deposits in the carburettor
of the three major pollutants found intake during very damp and cool,
in the exhaust of spark ignition but not freezing weather: Söï ñoùng
engines: Khí CO. baêng trong boä cheá hoøa khí.
z carbon pin n. spindle-shaped z carburettor throat or
carbon brush in the centre of the carburettor venturi see venturi:
distributor cap, bearing on the Hoïng khueách taùn boä cheá hoøa khí
centre of the contact breaker arm: carburization n. process of increasing
Choát than trong naép boä chia the carbon content of steel to
ñieän. produce a desired degree of
z carbon tracking n. formatting hardness, yielding high carbon
of a leakage path for current,e.g. steel: Taêng haøm löôïng cacbon
inside the distributor cap, where trong saûn xuaát theùp.
there are carbon deposits: Raõnh roø carcass n. basic of a tyre consisting
ñieän cao aùp. various plies of cord (made of
carburation or US carburetion n. rayon, nylon, polyester or steel),
mixture of fuel which has been which are impregnanted with
vaporized with air in the correct rubber: Lôùp boá (voû xe).
proportions for combustion in an cardan joint n. most of common tyre
internal combustion engine: Cheá of a universal joint, in which two
hoøa khí yokes mounted on the two parts to
z carburetion n. US = be coupled, usually a shaft and a
CARBURATION driving or driven member, are
carburetor = CARBURETTOR: Boä connected with pivots to the arm of
cheá hoøa khí. a cross-shaped piece: Khôùp caùc
carburettor or carburetter or US ñaêng.
carburetor n. conventional, z cardan shaft n. shaft fitted
mechanical device in the engine with universal joints at each end:
fuel system, mixing fuel with air to Truïc caùc ñaêng.
produce a combustible mixture cargo area n. US load area of an
which is supplied to inlet manifold: estate car or pick-up truck: Vuøng
Boä cheá hoøa khí. chòu taûi.
z carburettor barrel n. the main carpeting n. carpet made to fit the

51
carriage bolt castor

front and rear footwells, and also alloy made by pouring the molten
the boot in better equipped metal into a sand or metal mould:
models: Thaûm loùt chaân. Hôïp kim nhoâm ñuùc.
carriage bolt n. mushroom-headed cast iron n. iron with a high carbon
bolt with a square neck which content and also containing much
holds it in position in a square cementite or graphite, so that it is
hole: Bu loâng thaân xe (ñaàu hình unsuitable as wrought iron: Gang.
naám, coå vuoâng). castle nut or castellated nut n.
cart spring n. (informal) = LEAF hexagon nut with slots cut in the
SPRING: Loø xo laù, nhíp xe. top of each face, two of which are
carvac n. small, easily portable lined up with a hole in the bolt or
vacuum cleaner that can be stud and a split pin inserted to
plugged into the cigarette light of a prevent loosening: Ñai oác coù loã ñeå
car: Maùy huùt buïi mini. gaøi choát.
casing n. (a) cover passing all the z castle section n. panel with
way round a piece of equipment, fairly shallow strengthening humps
such as an electric motor: Voû boïc. that are, however, deeper than
(b) tyre, especially in its basic normal stiffening ribs, e.g. in floor
form before the tread has been pans featuring beaded or offset
moulded on: Caïnh voû. areas: Phaàn gaân (thaân xe).
cassette compartment n. built-in z castor or US caster n. (a)
cassette storage space: Ngaên chöùa inclination or angle from the
caùt xeùt. vertical of the kingpin or steering
z cassette player = unit for axis on the ground between the
playing audio cassettes, usually extended vertical axis through the
incorporated in a stereo unit: Maùy wheel centre and the point where
caùt seùt. the extended steering axis would
cast 1 v. to produce (metal part) by meet the ground: Goùc nghieâng tay
pouring molten metal into a sand laùi, goùc caster.
or metal mould: Ñuùc (NOTE: also called castor angle)
2 a. produced by pouring molten (b) distance on the ground when
metal into sand or metal mould: viewed from the side, between the
Ñöôïc ñuùc point of contact of the tyre (which
z cast-alloy wheel = one-piece is also the extended vertical axis
wheel, as oppesed to two–piece through the wheel centre) and the
and three–piece forged wheels, point where a line through the
produced using the low-pressure inclined kingpin (or the extended
die casting process, which offers a steering axis) would meet the
great degree of design flexibility ground: Khoaûng caùch giöõa ñieåm
as to the styling of the wheel disc: tieáp xuùc cuûa voû xe vaø ñöôøng keùo
Baùnh xe vôùi maâm ñuùc. daøi cuûa truï quay laùi treân maët ñaát,
z cast aluminium = aluminium hay coøn goïi laø goùc caster trail.

52
castor action catalytic layer

(NOTE: also called castor offset, contaminating deposits: Söï laøm

trail) baån chaát xuùc taùc.
z castor action n. self-centering z catalyst degradation or
action resulting from castor which deterioration n. loss of catalytic
springs the steered wheels back to efficiency: Söï maát taùc duïng xuùc
the straight ahead position: Taùc taùc.
duïng cuûa goùc caster (tay laùi z catalyst efficiency n. catalyst
thaúng trôû laïi). efficiency: Hieäu quaû xuùc taùc.
z castor angle n. = CASTOR: z catalyst indicator n. indicator
Goùc caster. light in the instrument panel that
z castor offset n. = CASTOR: illuminates after a certain mileage,
Goùc caster e.g. after 25,000 miles, to remind
cat n. (informal) = catalytic the driver that the catalytic
converter: Boä xuùc taùc. converter should be replaced;
catalyst n. (a) substance that changes some older designs used a
the rate of a chemical reaction mechanical signal: Ñeøn baùo thay
without itself being used up; in a boä xuùc taùc.
catalytic converter the element z catalyst substrate or support n.
which reduces the toxicity of the base material carrying the catalytic
exhaust gases: Chaát xuùc taùc trong layer or coating: Söôøn ñôõ chaát xuùc
boä hoaù khöû khí thaûi. taùc.
(b) special agent added to a plastic catalytic converter n. device shaped
body filler or resin or two-pack like a silence for exhaust emission
paint to speed up the setting control installed in the exhaust
process of the basic material system as close to the engine as
applied: Chaát xuùc taùc laøm hình possible, in which a catalyst-coated
thaønh nhanh lôùp sôn loùt. substrate is enclosed in a sheet
z catalyst bed n. layer of catalyst- metal canister of stainless steel,
coated material such as pellets or protect against vibration by wire
ceramic in a catalytic converter mesh, its lower shell being
through which the gases pass: Lôùp provided with a heat shield: Boä
xuùc taùc. xuùc taùc.
z catalyst charge n. catalyst- catalytic activity n. rate at which a
coated materials such as pellets or given catalytic converter purifies
ceramic in a catalytic converter: the exhaust gas stream, usually
Khung phuû chaát xuùc taùc. expressed as a conversion rate: Söï
z catalyst coating n. = catalytic hoaït ñoäng cuûa chaát xuùc taùc.
layer: Lôùp xuùc taùc. z catalytic efficiency n.
z catalyst container n. = effectiveness of the catalyst in
converter housing: Voû boä xuùc taùc. purifying the exhaust gases: Hieäu
z catalyst contamination n. loss quaû cuûa chaát xuùc taùc.
of catalytic efficiency caused by catalytic layer n. very thin layer of a

53
cathode cell

catalyst, usually consisting of inhibitors: Chaát bòt loã.

platinum metals, supported by a CB (a) = CONTACT BREAKER:
ceramic or metal carrier material: Vít löûa.
Lôùp chaát xuùc taùc. (b) = citizens’ band: Baêng taàn
cathode n. negative electrode in an phoå bieán.
electrolytic cell: Cöïc aâm, catoát. CBR process n. controlled burnt rate,
cathodic electro painting or a method of improving fuel
cataphoretic painting n. process economy by controlling /
used to apply the first coat of paint accelerating the fuel burn rate:
to car bodies involving positively Phöông phaùp kieåm soaùt quaù trình
charging paint particles, in which chaùy.
the cleaned metal parts to be CC = CUBIC CENTIMETRES: Cm3.
coated are immersed in a tank of C-clamp n. screw-activated clocking
electrode position paint, and the clamp with long, C-shaped jaws:
current is then turned on, so that Caùi keïp hình chöõ C.
the positively charges particles are CCS = CONTROLLED
attracted by the negative metal COMBUSTION SYSTEM: Heä
parts: Sôn tónh ñieän. thoáng ñieàu khieån quaù trình chaùy.
cathodic protection n. protecting a CDI = CAPACITY DISCHARGE
metal from electrochemical IGNITION: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
corrosion by using it as the cathode ñieän dung.
of a cell with a sacrificial anode: CD player n. device for playing
Söï baûo veä (choáng aên moøn) catoát. compact disc: Maùy haùt ñóa
caustic etching n. removal of metal by compact.
dipping aluminium parts in caustic CD value n. coefficient of drag, a
soda: Laøm saïch nhoâm baèng xuùt. characteristic indicating the
cavitation n. formatting and resistance of a given car body to
subsequent collapse of vapour- air flowing against its front, at high
filled cavities in a liquid, such as speed, which is measured in a
bubbles, vapour-filled pockets or a wind tunnel, and unlike drag as
combination of both: Söï baøo moøn such, depend only on the shape or
(do boït khí). outline of the body, not on the
cavity n. (a) empty space in a body cross-sectional area, and being a
structure, either in a box section or coefficient has no unit of
a double-skinned area: Khoang, measurement: Heä soá caûn gioù (khí
hoác. ñoäng).
(b) holder and contact for fuses: cell n. (a) a system of negative and
Raõnh gaén caàu chì. positive plates for storage of
z cavity sealant n. sealant used electricity, either used singly or in
for protecting cavities against rust, combination to form a battery: Hoäc
usually consisting of film-forming bình ñieän, pin.
oils, waxes, solvents and rust (b) combustion chamber of a rotary

54
cellular phone centre gear

piston engine: Buoàng chaùy cuûa central position in relation to

ñoäng cô piston quay (Wankel). another part: Trung taâm, taâm.
cellular phone n. portable, wireless z to centre the clutch = to align
telephone, introduce in 1983 in the the centre hole in the clutch plates
USA and mainly used as a car with the end of the crankshaft, so
phone: Ñieän thoaïi di ñoäng söû that the gearbox shaft will fit easily
duïng treân xe hôi. into the splines: Ñònh taâm boä ly
z cellulose putty = filler for hôïp.
minor surface imperfections: Treùt z centre console n. centre section
matit choã moùp nheï of the dashboard which is extended
cementite (Fe3C) n. iron carbide, a downwards, with space for a radio
very hard substance found in cast or stereo unit and storage for
iron: Haït cementit. cassettes and the like: Khu vöïc
central gear change n. usual trung taâm cuûa tableau.
arrangement with the gear lever in z centre differential n.
the centre of the floor: Caàn soá differential located between two
ñaët ôû trung taâm. drive axles to balance the speed
z central chassis lubrication n. differences between the two axles,
lubrication of all chassis mainly used in vehicles with
component with oil or grease from permanent four-wheel drive: Vi sai
one central point: Boâi trôn caùc chi trung taâm.
tieát khung xe töø moät choã. z centre drive n. engine design
z central locking n. locking of with power take off between the
all doors by operating an electronic cylinders rather than at the end of
device or by turning the key in the the crankshaft: Ñoäng cô vôùi ñaàu
lock of the driver’s door: Khoùa truyeàn taûi giöõa caùc xy lanh
cöûa trung taâm (chính) z centre drive plate =
z central-locking hub n. = INTERMEDIATE (DRIVE)
splinted hub: Choát khoùa trung PLATE: Ñóa truyeàn ñoäng trung
taâm. gian.
z central locking wheel = wheel z centre electrode n. (a)
with splines in its centre which electrode projecting out of the
made with splines on the outside of insulator nose of a sparking plug
the hub, usually of the wire-spoke typically a compound electrode
type fixed with one central nut: with a copper core, or a silver
Baùnh xe daïng nan hoa vôùi moät oác platinum electrode: Ñieän cöïc
giöõ trung taâm.
z central reserve or reservation (b) = centre terminal: Cöïc trung
n. strip that separates the two taâm.
sides of a motor-way or dual z centre gear = SUN GEAR:
carriageway: Con löôn. Baùnh raêng trung taâm, baùnh raêng
z centre v. to place (a part) in a maët trôøi.

55
centreline cetane rating or number

z centreline n. imaginary straight which the friction elements are

line passing through the centre of, brought in contact with the clutch
e.g. a vehicle, from front to rear: face by centrifugal force again the
Ñöôøng taâm. friction plate as the clutch turns
z centre locking disc n. = HUB faster: Boä ly hôïp ly taâm.
CAP: Naép troøn ñaäy truïc baùnh xe. z centrifugal force n. force with
z centre lock nut = SPINNER: pushes a body outwards that is
Ñai oác khoaù chính. rotating about a centre: Löïc ly
z centre of gravity n. point about taâm.
with a weight of a body with act or z centrifugal governor n. device
pivot: Troïng taâm. controlling speed by means of
z centre pillar n. = B-PILLAR: centrifugal force in automatic
Coät truï trung taâm. transmissions and other
z centre punch n. tool with a applications: Boä ñieàu toác ly taâm.
sharp conical steel tip for punching z centrifugal oil filter n. filter in
an indentation where a hole is tube which suspended solids are
drilled: Muõi ñoät daáu. removed from the oil by
z centre section damage n. type centrifugal force created by
of frame damage where the car is spinning the oil at high speed in
hit from the side approximately in the rotating element: Loïc daàu
the middle, causing the centre part kieåu ly taâm.
of the car around the b-pillar to centrifugal pump n. impeller pump in
move inwards so that, seen from which the liquid is forced, by
the top, the frame is no longer either atmospheric or other
straight, but appears curved like a pressure, into a set off rotating
banana: Söï phaù huûy phaàn giöõa xe. vanes constituting an impeller:
z centre terminal n. spring– Bôm ly taâm.
loaded carbon pin or carbon brush centrifugal weight n. weight in
contact in the centre of the governor or other controlling
distributor cap acting and on device with is thrown outwards by
forming contact with the rotor: centrifugal force as speed increase
Cöïc trung taâm (than naép delco). and thus causes a control rod to be
z centrifugal advance n. moved or pressure to be exerted:
automatic mechanical ignition Troïng löôïng ly taâm, quaû vaêng.
advance by mechanism inside the ceramic honeycomb n. interior of a
distributor, controlled by monolithic converter which
centrifugal force supplies by supports the catalyst: Giaù ñôõ kieåu
advance weights which trunk the toå ong trong boä hoaù khöû.
distributor cam via yokes to cetane rating or number n. measure
advance the spark: Cô caáu ñaùnh of the ignition quality of diesel
löûa sôùm ly taâm. fuel, or how high a temperature is
z centrifugal clutch n. clutch in required to ignite it (the lower the

56
CFCS change

cetane number, the higher the object such as engines consisting

temperature required): Chæ soá of a chain and a block and tackle:
xeâtan. Caàn truïc xích.
CFCS or CFC gases n. = z chain run = section of a drive
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS: chain that runs between the
Khí laøm laïnh (coù haïi cho taàng sprockets: Böôùc xích.
ozone) z chain tensioner = component
cfm (short of ) cubic feet per minute usually comprising a spring steel
= ft3/min. strip pressing on the chain, used
chafer(strip) n. area between the mainly on four-stroke engines with
bead and sidewall of a tyre: Vuøng a chain-driven camshaft and
hoâng baùnh xe (veø). responsible for maintaining the
z chafing n. wearing away by proper chain tension: Boä caêng
rubbing: Moøn vì coï xaùt. xích.
chain n. series of flexibly connected z chain wrench = tool for
links formed into a loop so that it loosening and tightening round or
can be passed over sprockets irregularly shapes objects, having
whose teeth engage in the spaces chain which is passed around the
between the links, in order to object, and lever or key which at
transmit motion: Xích, seân the same time tightens and the
z chain case n. metal causing chain and turns the object: Khoùa
completely enclosing a drive chain xích duøng ñeå sieát, nôùi caùc vaät
and its sprockets: Hoäp xích. troøn.
z chain drive = form of chamber n. combustion chamber of a
transmission using a chain passing rotary piston engine, particularly
over sprockets: Truyeàn ñoäng xích. where non-cylindrical, as in a
(NOTE: chain drive is still the Wankel engine: Buoàng chaùy
most common form of transmission chamfered a. with a symmetrically
on motorcycles) beveled surface on an edge or
z chain filter wrench = chain corner: Vaït caïnh, maët vaït.
wrench whose chain passed round chamois leather n. piece of soft
and grips the body of an oil filter: bleached leather from sheep,
Caùi môû loïc nhôùt duøng xích. goats, etc. used especially for
z chain guard = inverted L- drying paintwork, chrome and
section metal guard placed usually glass after washing: Da thuù duøng
over the upper run of a chain: Voøm lau khoâ xe.
baûo veä xích. (NOTE: also called informally
z chain pipe wrench = chain shammy leather)
wrench whose chain passes round change 1 v. (a) to select and engage
and grips a pipe: Caùi môû oáng baèng a gear: Chuyeån, sang (soá).
xích. (NOTE: also more fully to change
z chain hoist = hoist for heavy gear)

57
change-speed gearbox charging current

(NOTE: US English is to shift tính.

gear) charge 1 n. (a) amount of air/ fuel
z to change up or down = to mixture supplied to the cylinder
engage a higher or lower gear: that is available for combustion:
Sang soá cao hay soá thaáp. Naïp.
z to change into second or top = (b) definite quantity of electricity,
to engage second or top gear: such as that contained in a storage
Chuyeån sang soá hai hay soá cao battery: Ñieän löôïng.
nhaát. 2 v. to supply electrical charge to
(b) to take away and put something (a battery): Naïp ñieän vaøo bình
new or different in its place: Thay ñieän.
theá z charge air n. air in the air/
2 n. engage of another gear: Söï fuel mixture: Söï naïp khoâng khí.
sang soá. z charge air cooling =
z change-speed gearbox n. INTERCOOLING: Laøm maùt
gearbox containing sets of gears khoâng khí naïp (trong ñoäng cô
which can moved in and out of taêng aùp).
different ratios between the speeds z charge air recycling (system) =
of the input and output shaft: Hoäp device on some turbocharger
soá nhieàu caáp. systems which serves to maintain
z change valve n. valve use to the speed of the compressor while
change gear in an automatic no boost is being delivered, so that
gearbox, operated by rising oil boost is more instantly available on
pressure at the vehicle speed up: demand: Heä thoáng tuaàn hoaøn khí
Van sang soá. naïp trong heä thoáng taêng aùp.
(NOTE: US English is shift valve) z charge changing or exchange
Chapman strut n. form of McPherson process n. removal of exhaust port
strut used in the rear suspension of an admission of a fresh charge
some car chapman: Heä thoáng treo through the transfer port in a two-
sau kieåu Chapman. stroke engine: Quaù trình queùt vaø
characteristic map n. usually three- naïp khí trong ñoäng cô hai thì.
dimensional representation of z charger n. = BATTERY
several interdependent quantities, CHARGER: Maùy naïp bình.
in most of which engine speed and z charger characteristic n.
load correspond to the x- and y- charger characteristic showing the
axes, and the third quantity, which dependence of the current on the
depends on the first two, is voltage during charge: Ñaëc tính
measured against the z- axis: Baûn naïp.
ñoà ñaëc tính ñoäng cô (naïp vaøo z charging current n. electric
ROM cuûa ECU). current supplies to the battery
charcoal canister n. = activated when the charging system is
carbon canister: Baàu loïc than hoaït operative: Doøng ñieän saïc (naïp).

58
charging efficiency check

z charging efficiency n. figure panel does not have a jointing

indicated the mass of charge flange: Giaù ñôõ ñeå haøn khung
retained in the cylinder of a two- z chassis dynamometer = test
stroke engine after the ports close, stand for a complete car to
divided by the actual swept determine, for example, its
volume: Hieäu suaát naïp. emission characteristics under a set
z charging piston n. additional of defined driving conditions:
piston formerly fitted to some two- Baêng thöû coâng suaát oâ toâ.
stroke engines, design to z chassis frame = frame usually
precompress the fresh charge and consisting of two longitudinal side
to supply it at excess pressure into members joined by a member of
the engine cylinders: Naïp khoâng cross-members, to which the
khí baèng piston (hai kyø). suspension and axles are attached,
z charging point n. = battery in goods vehicles and formerly in
charging station: Traïm saïc bình. cars: Khung söôøn xe.
z charging pressure n. = z chassis number = formerly the
BOOST PRESSURE: AÙp suaát manufacturer’s number identifying
taêng aùp a vehicle: Soá khung xe.
z charging rate n. amount of (NOTE: now called vehicle
current, usually in amperes, identification number)
delivered by the charging system: z chassis section = box or
Möùc saïc ñieän (doøng toái ña cuûa heä channel section forming part of the
thoáng naïp). chassis: Boä phaän khung xe.
z charging stroke n. = chatter v. to move jerkily especially
INDUCTION STROKE: Thì naïp. at high speed, making only
chassis n. originally, and today irregular contact: Rung ñoäng ôû toác
still in heavy goods vehicles, a ñoä cao.
separate structure consisting of a check 1 n. inspection to see whether
frame, springs and axles forming something is all right: Söï kieåm
the lower part of a vehicle, to tra.
which the bodywork is fitted, but z an engine oil level check =
with modern unitary construction looking at the dipstick to see if
there is no separate chassis and there is enough oil in the sump:
the term is used to refer to the Kieåm tra möïc daàu ñoäng cô.
running gear, i.e. suspension, 2 v. to inspect (something) to see
including control arms, spring, whether it is all right: kieåm tra.
shock absorbers steering z Check the plugs, and replace if
component, etc.: Khung gaàm oâtoâ. necessary = take the sparking
z chassis bracket set = set of plugs out and see whether they are
brackets to be welded under sill in good condition, if not fit new
prior to straightening the accident ones: Kieåm tra bougie neáu hö thì
damage when the standard sill thay theá.

59
check ball 61 chromate

z check ball n. ball in a ball- cöûa sau

type check valve: Bi trong van child restraint system n. general
moät chieàu term for child seats and
z check engine warning light n. accessories, often used at a
light which indicates a malfunction synonym for child seat: Gheá treû
of the engine system: Ñeøn baùo em
kieåm tra ñoäng cô. child seat n. combination of a seat
z check point n. (a) particular shell, a belt system and / or an
point on a piece of equipment impact cushion, especially suited
where it is possible to check if for children of the age groups 1
there is any malfunction: Ñieåm and 2: Gheá daønh cho treû em.
kieåm tra. chip v. (of stones) to cause damage to
(b) place on a road where vehicles (paintwork) in the form of small
are stopped, e.g. at a frontier or on pits: Laøm bong vuøng sôn nhoû.
a rally: Traïm kieåm tra. z chipping n. damage to
z check routine n. series of paintwork in the form of small pits
checks to be made when tracing a cause by stones being thrown
fault or when inspecting a new against it: Laøm hö sôn do ñaù
vehicle at the factory: Loä trình vaêng.
kieåm tra xe môùi raùp. chisel n. simple steel tool with a
check valve n. (a) non-return valve sharpen end used with a hammer
permitting flow in one direction to cut through metal and other
only, widely used in emission materials: Caùi ñuïc.
control systems: Van moät chieàu. chlorofluorocarbons n. gaseous
(b) residual pressure valve in a compounds used especially as
brake master cylinder: Van aùp propellants for aerosol cans and in
suaát dö trong xy lanh caùi cuûa heä refrigerants: Khí CFC
thoáng phanh. (NOTE: usually called CFCs)
chemical brightening or polishing n. chock n. = WHEEL CHOCK: Caùi
improvement of surface loùt truïc baùnh xe.
smoothness of a metal by choke n. (i) device which restricts
immersion in a suitable solution: the amount of air entering the
Söï laøm boùng baèng dung dòch hoùa carburetor in order to enrich the
hoïc. mixture when starting the engine
z chemical toilet n. portable and running cold: Böôùm gioù. (ii)
toilet for use in caravans or when choke knob: Nuùt keùo böôùm gioù.
camping: Nhaø veä sinh trong xe z choke control = system for
nhaø löu ñoäng. actuating a non-automatic choke,
childproof lock n. lock on rear doors usually a cable with a knob on the
which when activated prevents the fascia: Söï ñieàu khieån böôùm gioù.
door from being opened from z choked = (a) (of engine) running
inside the car: Khoaù choáng môû with the choke in operation: Ñoäng

60
choke knob chunking

cô hoaït ñoäng vôùi böôùm gioù hoaït caùch theâm croâm

ñoäng z chrome-plated or chromed =
(b) clogged: Böôùm gioù keït CHROMIUM-PLATED: Maï
z choke knob = knob on the croâm.
fascia for operating the choke: z chrome steel = steel containing
Nuùm keùo böôùm gioù. chromium for extra hardness an
z choke tube = CARBURETOR rust resistance: Inox (theùp croâm).
VENTURI: Hoïng khueách taùn. z chrome work = all the
z choke valve = valve restricting chromium-plated items on a car
the amount of air or liquid body: Caùc chi tieát maï croâm treân
admitted especially on a xe.
carburettor: Van gioù z chromic acid n. electrolyte used
chop shop n. us workshop or factory in anodising processed for
specializes in replacing the producing non-transparent, non-
standard steel roof of cars or pick- metallic oxide layers: Axit croâmic
up trucks with a convertible top: (dung dòch maï).
Xöôûng laøm mui xe. z chromium n. hard grey metallic
chromate 1 n. salt or ester of element used in electroplating and
chromic acid, often used as in steel production for extra
pigment: Croâmat. hardness and rust resistance:
2 v. to treat with a solution of a Croâm (Cr).
chromium compound to produce a z chromium-plated = coated with
protective coating of metal a thin layer of chromium by electro
chromate: Maï croâm. deposition for protection against
z chromate (conversion) coating corrosion, also with a thicker layer
= conversion coating produced by for wear resistance: Ñöôïc maï
chromating: Phuû croâm. croâm.
z chromate treatment = z chromium-plating = process of
treatment of metal with a solution coating metal with a layer of
of a chromium compound to chromium and also the result: Lôùp
produce a protective coating of maï croâm.
metal chromate: Quaù trình xöû lí z satin chromium plating =
baèng maï croâm. chromium plating with a soft matt
(NOTE: not to be confused with sheen: Lôùp maï croâm mòn.
chroming) z chromium steel = CHROME
z chromatize v. = CHROMATE STEEL
z chrome 1 n. = CHROMIUM chubby screwdriver n. screwdriver
2. to plate with chromium: Maï with a very short handle and blade
croâm. for use in confined spaces: Tua vít
z chrome-hardened = (of steel) cöïc nhoû.
hardened by the addition of chunking n. breaking away of pieces
chromium: Laøm cöùng theùp baèng of the tread of a tyre: Söï maát gai

61
CI clamp

voû. excess current flow: Boä ngaét ñieän

CI (a) = COMPRESSION IGNITION: duøng ñeå baûo veä.
Söï chaùy baèng caùch neùn (Diesel). z circuit diagram = diagram
(b) = COIL IGNITION showing the complete wiring
(SYSTEM): Cuoän daây ñaùnh löûa, system of a vehicle: Sô ñoà
boâbin. maïch ñieän.
CIH (short of) camshaft in head: Truïc z circuit tester = tool often
cam ñaët treân naép maùy. similar in appearance to a
z CIH engine = type of overhead screwdriver, with a light in the
valve (OHV) engine with the handle and a crocodile clip which
camshaft enclosed in, not on top of, can be attached to a suitable earth
the cylinder head: Ñoäng cô vôùi while the point touches the part or
truïc cam ñaët treân naép maùy. the wire which is to be tested; if
(NOTE: not to be with an overhead the light comes on, the circuit is
camshaft (OHC) engine) live at that point: Duïng cuï kieåm
CIM (short of) Computer-integrated tra maïch ñieän (baèng ñeøn).
manufacturing: Heä thoáng saûn xuaát circular headlamp n. tradition shape
ñieàu khieån baèng maùy tính. of headlamp as opposed to the
circlip n. retaining ring in the modern rectangular headlamp:
form of an incomplete circle and Ñeøn pha kieåu hình troøn.
made of spring steel, often with circulating pump n. centrifugal pump
eyes either side of the gap so that designed to generate forced
it can be opened for removal: circulation of a liquid in a closed
Voøng chaën, caùi phe. system, e.g. a water pump in an
(NOTE: US English is snap ring) internal combustion engine: Bôm
z circlip plies = special plies with tuaàn hoaøn.
jaw tips coming to point so that CIS = CONTINUOUS INJECTION
they can engage in the eyes of the SYSTEM: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
circlip in order to expand it for lieân tuïc kieåu K-jetronic.
removal: Keàm môû phe Citizens’ band see CB RADIO
z circuit n. (a) course forming a city car n. very compact car; usually
complete loop over which races 10-12 feet in length: Xe hôi loaïi
are held: Chu vi. nhoû.
(b) series of electrical connections z city cycle n. = URBAN CYCLE
forming a complete path for the CL (short of) comfort luxe, denoting a
current to flow through: Maïch model more luxurious than ‘L’ but
ñieän. not as grand as ‘GL’: Kieåu xe
z circuit breaker = protective sang troïng nhöng khoâng baèng
device which can be reset; it kieåu GL.
breaks an electric circuit to prevent clamp n. fastening which holds an
damage when the circuit is item or items in its jaws by strong
overloaded or overheated by pressure: Caùi keïp

62
clamping load click-type torque wrench

z clamping load n. pressure on the the lubrication points of engine, as

plates in a clutch or coupling: Taûi in some two-stroke engines: Söï
troïng eùp. boâi trôn baèng daàu saïch.
z class a-thread n. = EXTERNAL clearance n. gap between two parts:
THREAD: Ren ngoaøi. Khe hôû
z class b-thread n. = INTERNAL z piston clearance = gap between
THREAD: Ren trong. the piston and the cylinder: Khe
classic car n. specially applies to cars hôû giöõa piston vaø xylanh.
of the postwar era up to about 1970 z valve clearance = gap
or even 1980, but also used as a between the top of the valve stem
general term for all old cars: Xe and the tappet when the valve is
hôi coå closed and the tappet is not
z a classic car meeting = a pressing on it: Khe hôû xuùpaùp.
meeting to which enthusiasts bring z clearance height n. (a) =
their old cars to look at them and ground clearance: Khoaûng caùch
discuss them, often with a gaàm xe vôùi maët ñaát.
competition to decide which is the (b) maximum height of a vehicle
smartest (a concours): Ngaøy hoäi such that it can pass under a bridge
cuûa ngöôøi chôi xe coå. or similar obstruction: Khoaûng
z restoration of classic cars = saùng gaàm xe.
putting old cars back as near as z clearance (market) lamp n.
possible into as new condition: Söï lamp mounted on the roof of vans,
taân trang xe hôi coå lorries and other large vehicles at
classified (ad) n. small advertisement the left-hand and the right-hand
in a newspaper or magazine, corners to show the maximum
usually put in by a private person, height and width of the vehicle:
e.g. with a car for sale: Muïc rao Ñeøn baùo chieàu cao vaø beà roäng xe.
vaët (baùn xe). z clearance volume n. space
claw hammer n. hammer with two remaining above the piston of an
curved prongs at the back of the engine when it is at top dead
head for extracting nails, etc.: Buùa centre: Theå tích buoàng ñoát.
nhoå ñinh. clear coat or lacquer n. top coat of
clay model n. mock-up of a new base and clear systems: Laøm saïch
design made before an actual lôùp sôn ngoaøi.
prototype is built: Moâ hình maãu click-type torque wrench n. torque
xe môùi baèng ñaát seùt. wrench design to apply
clean oil n. fresh engine oil supplied predetermined torque, to which it
to engine from a container: Daàu is preset, automatically releasing
saïch töø bình chöùa. once the setting is reached; the
z clean oil lubrication = release action is normally
lubrication system in which clean accompanied by an audible click
engine oil is supplied directly to and/ or visible signal: Caàn sieát löïc

63
climate control cloth upholstery

töï ñoäng(baùo hieäu khi sieát ñuû löïc). kim ñoàng hoà.
climate control n. lever or similar clog v. to become obstructed with
that controls the heater and/ or air- debris, sludge or other matter:
conditioning system: Ñieàu khieån Laøm taéc ngheõn.
khí haäu (kieåm soaùt ñoàng thôøi söôûi close coils n. coils at the end of a
vaø ñieàu hoøa nhieät ñoä). spring which are closer together:
z climate control system = Phaàn cuoái loø xo.
combined heating and air- closed loop n. chain of control in
conditioning system: Heä thoáng which feedback, usually from a
ñieàu hoaø nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng. sensor or sensors, is used to
z climatic chamber n. test regulate mixture strength, dwell
chamber which can reproduce angle and other engine functions
extremes of temperature and by electronic means: Cheá ñoä ñieàu
humidity, as well as artificial khieån voøng kín (hoài tieáp).
ultraviolet rays: Buoàng khí haäu close–loop control = electronic
nhaân taïo (ñeå thöû nghieäm). control system using feedback to
climbing ability n. performance maintain correct mixture strength,
when climbing steep gradient: etc.: Cheá ñoä ñieàu khieån kín (duøng
Khaû naêng leo doác. caûm bieán oxi)
clip-on weight n. small lead weight close-ratio gearbox n. gearbox in
used to balance a wheel by which there is relatively little
clipping it onto the rim opposite a difference between the gear ratios,
heavy spot of the tyre/ wheel so that fast changes can be made:
assembly: Mieáng chì baám vaøo Hoäp soá coù söï cheânh leäch tæ soá
baùnh xe. truyeàn nhoû.
clock 1 n. (a) instrument showing z closing cam/ rocker n. cam/
time: Ñoàng hoà baùo giôø. rocker which is used to close the
(b) (informal) = odometer or valve in desmodromic valve
speedometer: Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng operation; unlike conventional
ñöôøng toång hoaëc toác ñoä xe. valve control systems, in which the
2 v. to record (a speed or time), or valves are closed by the valve
to time (a car): Ghi laïi toác ñoä hay spring: Caùc cam/ coø duøng ñeå
thôøi gian. ñoùng suùpaùp
z clocking n. putting back the z closing force n. force
mileage on a car’s odometer, so necessary for closing the valves,
that it shows a lower mileage than provide by the valve spring: Löïc
the car has in fact done (an illegal ñoùng van (löïc loø xo)
practice): Traû ngöôïc chæ soá km. z closing panel n. panel that
c/locking = central locking: Khoùa covers a gap in the body
cöûa trung taâm. framework: Taám bít (thaân xe)
clockwise ad. in the same direction cloth upholstery n. upholstery
as the hands of a clock: Cuøng chieàu covered in a fabric as opposed to

64
cluster gear clutch release

vinyl or leather: Neäm baèng vaûi z clutch drag n. failure of the

cluster gear n. lay shaft and/or the clutch to disengage completely
set of gears mounted on it: Cuïm when the pedal is depressed, with
truïc vaø baùnh raêng the result that gear changes
clutch n. mechanism for connecting or become difficult as the driven
disconnecting the drive between plate and input shaft continue to
two shafts while they are rotating rotate: Söï tröôït ly hôïp.
or at rest, placed between the z clutch facing n. = CLUTCH
engine and gearbox in vehicles LINING
with manual transmission, and z clutch fork n. clutch release
usually mounted on the flywheel: lever with a forked end which
Boä ly hôïp. presses on the release bearing to
clutch aligning set n. selection of disengage the clutch: Caàn nhaû ly
different tools used to align the hôïp (daïng næa)
clutch plate with the flywheel, z clutch housing n. = BELT
usually containing a shaft, pilot HOUSING: Voû boä ly hôïp vaø baùnh
bearing adapters, and tapered ñaø.
universal sleeves: Boä duïng cuï ñeå z clutch judder n. faulty
caân ly hôïp. condition in which the clutch does
z clutch aligning tool = special not take up smoothly but judders
tool, either in the form of a bar or a during engagement: Söï rung laéc ly
disc, with the aid of which clutch hôïp.
plate and flywheel can be z clutch lining n. ring of friction
precisely aligned on single disc material on the clutch plate: Beà
clutches: Duïng cuï caân ly hôïp. maët ñóa ma saùt ly hôïp
z clutch brake n. device for z clutch pedal n. pedal which
slowing down the clutch plate and operates the clutch usually either
hence the gears on the input shaft mechanically via a cable, or
in order to enable faster and hydraulically: Baøn ñaïp ly hôïp.
quieter engagement of gears: z clutch plate n. part of the clutch
Phanh ly hôïp. assembly which carries the clutch
z clutch cable n. operating cable lining and is squeezed between the
from the clutch pedal to the clutch flywheel and pressure plate when
release lever: Caùp ly hôïp. the pedal is released, thus
z clutch cover n. bowl-shaped transmitting power to the gearbox
cover house the rotating elements input shaft: Ñóa ly hôïp.
of a friction clutch, anchors the (NOTE: US English is clutch disc)
clutch spring(s), and is normally z clutch release or thrust
attached to the flywheel: Naép bearing n. bearing (usually a
(baàu) ly hôïp. roller bearing) that can be moved
z clutch disc n. US = CLUTCH by the release lever through clutch
PLATE: Ñóa ly hôïp. pedal action to disengage the drive

65
clutch release lever coarse pitch

from the engine to the coach n. a single-deck bus, usually

transmission: Baïc ñaïn ñaåy ly hôïp. with a luxurious specification, for
(NOTE: US English is throw out carrying passenger over long
bearing) distances, either from city to city
z clutch release lever = lever one regular schedules or in groups on
end of which presses on the clutch tours: Xe khaùch ñöôøng daøi.
release bearing, the other being coach bolt n. bolt with a mushroom
actuated mechanically or head underneath which it has a
hydraulically by the clutch pedal: square neck which holds it in a
Caàn ñaåy ly hôïp. matching square recess, e.g. in
(NOTE: US English is throw out wood, so that a spanner is only
fork, lever) needed for the nut: Bu loâng chìm.
z clutch shaft n. short gearbox coachbuilder n. firm specializing in
input shaft, rotating at engine the production of special bodies for
speed and coaxial with but not motor vehicles: Nhaø chuyeân saûn
connected to the main shaft, which xuaát thaân xe.
transmits power from the clutch to z coach construction = vehicle
the gearbox: Truïc boä ly hôïp. layout incorporating a separate
z clutch slip n. incomplete chassis frame which serves as a
engagement of a clutch, so that carrier of all drive train and
not all the drive torque is suspension parts, the vehicle body
transmitted even whenthe clutch itself not forming an integral
pedal is fully released and the structural part of the vehicle: Caáu
driven plate does not rotate as fast truùc toång thaønh
as the flywheel, engine speed coach lining n. thin, precisely
increase but road speed open does contoured lines, especially along
not: Söï tröôït ly hôïp. the whole side of the vehicle, also
z clutch spring n. one of the coil an motorcycle tanks, the most
springs (generally mounted in the common colours being gold and
clutch cover) which press the black: Ñöôøng vieàn chính.
pressure plate against the driven z coachwork n. = bodywork:
clutch plate to transmit the drive: Thaân xe.
Loø xo ly hôïp. coarse(-cut) file = file for the rapid
z clutch stop n. = CLUTCH removal of large amounts of
BRAKE material in a first rough shaping
C-matic transmission n. trade name stage: Caùi giuõa thoâ.
for a semi-automatic transmission (NOTE: opposite is smooth file)
developed by Citroen: Hoäp soá baùn z coarse pitch n. construction of
töï ñoäng. a gear or screw thread with
CNG = COMPRESSED NATURAL relatively wide gaps between the
GAS: Khí thieân nhieân neùn teeth or threads: Raêng hoaëc ren
CO = CARBON MONOXIDE thoâ.

66
coarse-thread cold-condensate corrosion
z coarse-thread = screw thread coil chimney n. = COIL TOWER
with relatively wide gaps between z coil coating n. process of coating
the threads, and hence fewer continuous metal strips with an
threads for a given length of organic finishing system for
screw: Böôùc ren thoâ. decoration and protection: Daùn
coast v. to run without any drive being ñöôøng vieàn.
transmitted to the wheels, either in coil ignition (CI) (system) n.
neutral or with the clutch out: inductive ignition system with an
Chaïy baèng quaùn tính (khi ñaïp ly ignition coil which stores the
hôïp) primary current from the battery
coat 1 n. layer of material, usually and steps it up to ignition (high
applied in liquid form, cover a tension) voltage, which is then
surface: Lôùp, maøng. transferred to the sparking plugs
2 v. to apply a layer of usually via the distributor and HT (high
liquid material: phuû (sôn). tension) leads in the engine firing
z coating n. (a) action of order: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän
applying a layer of material to a caûm.
surface: Söï taïo maøng. coil lead n. HT lead form the coil to
cock n. tap or shut-off valve the distributor : daây phin (cao aùp).
controlling the flow of water: Caùi (NOTE: US English is coil wire)
voøi nöôùc.
cockpit n. area comprising the driver’s z coil spring n. spiral of spring
seat and all instruments and steel wire, used in suspension
controls especially in a racing car: systems and clutches and as valve
Buoàng laùi. springs: Loø xo cuoän (xoaén).
z coefficient of friction n. ratio of z coil spring clutch = clutch in
the force needed to slide one which a ring of coil springs hold
surface over another to the force the pressure plate in position: Ly
preventing the motion: Heä soá ma hôïp loaïi loø xo cuoän.
saùt. z coil spring compressor =
cog n. (informal ) gear: Baùnh raêng spring compressor: thieát bò neùn loø
z cog-swapping = gear changing: xo.
Söï sang soá. z coil tower n. top of the standard
z cogged belt n. toothed belt: Ñai type of ignition coil in which the
raêng. socket for the ht lead to the
coil n. (a) device for generating high distributor is found, projecting
tension voltage consisting of upwards: Ñaàu thöù caáp cuûa boâbin.
primary and secondary windings z coil wire n. US = COIL LEAD
around a laminated iron core: coke n. CARBON: Than coác.
Cuoän daây (boâbin ñaùnh löûa) z coked up a. covered with a
(NOTE: also called ignition coil) thick carbon deposit: Ñoùng muoäi
(b) FIELD COIL/ WINDING: than daøy
Cuoän daây kích töø cold-condensate corrosion n.

67
cold cranking ability colour–coded

corrosion of the inside of exhaust working in much the same way as

systems by direct chemical attack a choke on a carburettor: Kim
resulting from an acidic, aqueous phun khôûi ñoäng laïnh.
solution that condenses from the collapsible spare tire n. US =
exhaust gas at the cooler rear SPACE SAVING SPARE
portions of the exhaust systems: WHEEL: Voû xe döï tröõ.
Söï aên moøn do ngöng tuï ôû poâ. z collapsible steering column n.
cold cranking ability n. criterion for steering column designed to fold or
assessing the performance of a telescope in a case of frontal
battery based on its ability to impact: Truïc tay laùi xeáp .
supply the considerable amount of z collar n. (a) washer fitted under
current need to turn the engine the head of a bolt or screw: Voøng
when cold: Khaû naêng khôûi ñoäng ñeäm.
laïnh. (b) raised area on a shaft to hold it
z cold galvanizing n. galvanizing in position, usually against a
with zinc-rich paint or similar, or bearing: Phaàn nhoâ cuûa truïc phía
by electroplating with zinc: Söï maï gaén oå bi
keõm nguoäi. collector’s car n. usually older car
z cold sparking plug n. sparking which is value to collectors: Xe
plug with a short insulator nose, cuûa ngöôøi söu taäp.
which absorbs less heat and collet n. removable collar fitting in a
dissipates heat quickly: Bougie groove to hold, for example, the
nguoäi (laïnh) valve spring on the stem: Voøng
z cold spraying n. spraying giöõ (loø xo suùpaùp)
method in which the paint is colour chart n. booklet containing
diluted with so much solvent details of paint name; codes and
evaporating after painting: Phöông samples of exact colours, for the
phaùp phun sôn vôùi nhieàu dung customer to choose from:
moâi Cataloge maøu
cold starting n. starting the engine z colour coat n. coat of paint
from cold: Khôûi ñoäng laïnh. which has desired final colour,
cold start enrichment n. increasing often but not always the top coat
the fuel content of the air /fuel (in the case of two-pack finishes a
mixture to compensate for clear lacquer is applied on top of
condensation losses in the intake it): lôùp sôn cuoái.
system when the engine is cold: Söï z colour–coded a. (a) finished in
laøm giaøu hoãn hôïp khi khôûi ñoäng the same colour as the main part of
laïnh. the bodywork: Truøng maøu vôùi
cold start injector n. device in fuel thaân xe
injection systems which injects (NOTE: also called colour-keyed
additional fuel during starter or colour-matched)
operation when the engine is cold, (b) (of wiring, etc.) finished in

68
colour scheme commutator

different colours to aid the cylinder head, in which the air/

recognition: Ky ùhieäu maøu daây. fuel mixture is burned: Buoàng
z colour scheme n. combination chaùy.
of colours, on the outside or inside z combustion chamber recess =
of the vehicle: Toå hôïp maøu trong area when combustion occurs in a
vaø ngoaøi thaân xe rotary piston engine: Vuøng chaùy
column (gear) change n. gear change trong ñoäng cô Wankel.
mechanism in which the gear lever z combustion pressure = pressure
is on the steering column, just created during the combustion of
below the steering wheel: Cô caáu the air/ fuel mixture in the
sang soá treân voâ laêng. cylinder, measure in pounds per
(NOTE: also called column shift square inch: AÙp suaát cuûa quaù
especially in the USA) trình chaùy.
z combination pliers n. typical z combustion residue(s) = carbon
general purpose pliers with and other deposits resulting from
serrated jaws, an oval recess and a combustion: Saûn phaåm baùm laïi
wire cutter, in the USA they also khi chaùy.
have a slip joint so that the jaws CO meter n. device for checking
can be opened wider: Kìm ña exhaust gas for carbon monoxide,
naêng. a high lever of which indicates an
z combination spanner n. over-rich mixture as well as
spanner with a ring spanner at one causing pollution: Thieát bò ño khí
end and an open end of the same CO.
size at the other: Chìa khoùa voøng comet head n. head with a swirl
mieäng. chamber for indirect injection
z combination valve n. pressure diesel engines: Naép maùy vôùi
regulating valve in braking buoàng xoaùy loác.
systems incorporating a failure comfort (C) n. fairly basic car model
warning switch and comprising two specification: Xe loaïi tieän nghi.
or more of the fowling valves; z Comfort Luxe (CL) = slightly
pressure differential valve, more luxurious specification than
metering valve, proportioning comfort: Tieän nghi vaø sang troïng.
valve: Van toå hôïp (heä thoáng commercial vehicle = vehicle for
phanh) carrying goods or large number of
combustion n.extremely rapid (but not passenger for money: Xe kinh
explosive) burning of the air/ fuel doanh (chôû haøng hoaëchaønh
mixture timed to occur when the khaùch)
piston is at the top of its stroke, so commutator n. series of copper bars
that it is forced down to turn the at one end of the dynamo or starter
crankshaft: Söï chaùy. motor armature, electrically
z combustion chamber = space insulated from one an other by
between the top of the piston and mica: Coå goùp ñieän.

69
compact car comprehension insurance

compact car n. american car category either a single piece, such as a

with a length of 14 ft 5 ins -17 ft brush, or an assembly such as a
and taking five passengers: Xe hôi starter or a fuel pump: Thaønh
loaïi nhoû 5 choã. phaàn, chi tieát
company car n. car provided by an component sharing = the use of the
employer for an employee’s same components (including major
business or private use: Xe coâng components such as engines) in
ty. different models and even in
z company logo n. emblem models from different
forming the whole or part of a manufacturers: Söï laép laãn chi tieát.
company’s trademark: Bieåu töôïng composite propeller shaft n.
cuûa coâng ty. innovative, single-piece propeller
compass (display) n. instrument with a shaft made of fibre-reinforced
magnetized needle which always epoxy in which the fibres are
point to the magnetic north: La usually glass and/ or carbon: Truïc
baøn. caùnh quay baèng vaät lieäu
compensating bar n. = composite.
COMPENSATOR compound carburettor n. carburettor
z compensating jet n. jet in a with more than one choke
fixed jet carburetor which supplies (normally two-a small throttle
other extra air or extra fuel to openings and a larger one for large
maintain the correct mixture throttle openings), but for fitting to
strength: Gíclô phuï. a single port: Boä cheá hoøa khí keùp
compensation port n. small hole in (2 hoïng)
the wall of the tandem master z compound (centre) electrode
cylinder with connect the brake n. electrode for a sparking plug
fluid reservoir to the pressure with a copper core and a jacket of
chamber: Loã buø (phanh) a nickel-based alloy: Ñieän cöïc
compensator n. horizontal bar which trung taâm baèng hôïp kim.
is pulled forward when the z compound glass n. = laminated
handbrake is applies at its central glass: Kính haït löïu.
point, which is pivoted, while it is z compound motor n. DC electric
connected, at each end to the motor with two separate fields
handbrake cable, enabling equal windings, one in parallel and the
force to be exerted on each rear other in series with the armature
brake: Thanh caân baèng trong circuit; used as a starter motor:
phanh tay. Moâtô ñaáu hoãn hôïp.
competition car n. car specially comprehension insurance n.
construct for taking part in insurance against most ricks,
competitions, such as races, hill including third-party liability, fire,
climbs and rallies: Xe hôi ñua. theft, and damage: Baûo hieåm toaøn
component n.part which may be dieän.

70
compress compression tester

compress v. to place under pressure ño söùc neùn.

or to squeeze into a small space: z compression ignition n. system
Ñeø, neùn, eùp on which the diesel engine works,
z compressed air = air at a where ignition is caused by the
higher than atmospheric pressure, heat of compression and not by a
used to drive tools and machinery: spark: Söï chaùy nhôø neùn (diesel)
Khí neùn. z compression ignition = DIESEL
z compressed-air spray gun = ENGINE: Chaùy nhôø neùn (Ñoäng
spray guy which atomizes the cô diesel).
coating material and projects it z compression leakage n. loss of
against a surface by mean of the compression due to the escape of
negative pressure occurring when gases usually part the piston and
a stream of air enters a pipe of due to wear of the bores and
smaller diameter: Suùng phun sôn. piston rings: Söï giaûm söùc neùn do
z compressed natural gas (CNG) hôû baïc…
see NATURAL GAS: Khí thieân z compression moulding n.
nhieân neùn. shaping of moulding by softening it
z compression n. (a) compressing under pressure and the action of
of the air/ fuel mixture drawn into heat, and forcing it through a hole
the combustion champer before into a hollow space which it
ignition takes place, either by the completely fills: Söï ñuùc baèng aùp
piston during its upward travel, or suaát.
in the case of rotating engines by z compression ratio (CR) n. ratio
the reduction of the volume in the of the volume between the piston
area between the rotor and the and cylinder head when the piston
epitrochoid housing: Söùc neùn. is at the top of its stroke (top dead
zcheck the engine’s compression centre): Tæ soá neùn.
= turn the engine and check that z compression ring n. upper
adequate resistance is felt when it piston ring of an internal
piston reaches the top of its combustion engine: Baïc löûa,
compression stroke; alternatively seùcmaênng khí
use a compression tester: Kieåm z compression stroke n. upward
tra söùc neùn ñoäng cô. stroke of the piston with both
zthe shock absorber is valves closed; as the piston
adjustable in both compression ascends, the air/ fuel mixture (in
and rebound = it is possible to diesel engines air only) is
adjust the resistance of the shock temperature of the charge before
absorber to both pressure and ignition: Thì neùn.
rebound: Boä giaûm chaán coù theå z compression tester n.
ñieàu chænh söï neùn vaø söï baät laïi. instrument for measuring engine
z compression gauge n. = compression when the running or
COMPRESSION TESTER: Maùy cranking the engine, usually

71
compressor condenser

inserted in the plughole on petrol with an integral microprocessor

engines: Thieát bò ño söùc neùn. determining the correct timing
z compressor n. (a) pump for using information from crankshaft
increase pressure used e.g. in air– and camshaft sensors: Thôøi ñieåm
conditioning or in forced induction ñaùnh löûa ñöôïc ñieàu khieån baèng
(supercharging or turbo charging): maùy tính.
Maùy neùn (taêng aùp) z concealed headlight n.
z compressor impeller = impeller headlight which are hidden under
of a turbocharger driven by the covers until required, when they
turbine at speed to 160.000 rpm, are raised into position: Ñeøn pha
which accelerates by centrifugal xeáp.
force the charge air which enters (NOTE: also called pop-up
axially and leaves radially at very headlight)
high velocity: caùnh turbine taêng concept car n. car incorporating new
aùp. ideas, of which only one example
(b) tool for compressing a coil is usually made primarily as a
spring, such as a valve spring: design exercise, but also to
Thieát bò neùn loø xo. impress the public: Xe thöû nghieäm
Compress (pressure wave) (thöôøng laø model môùi ñeå tröng
supercharger n. supercharger baøy)
using the pressure waves reated by concourse n. a meeting to which
the expanding exhaust gases to enthusiasts bring their classic cars
compress the inlet charge: Heä to show, including a competition
thoáng taêng aùp baèng soùng aùp suaát to decide which is the smartest:
computer aided a. (of process) in Ngaøy hoäi xe hôi coå ñieån.
which computers are used for condensation n. liquid, especially
calculations, etc.: Hoã trôï baèng water, formed due to cooling of
maùy tính. moist air or vapour, also the
z computer controlled a. process of its formation: Söï ngöng
regulated by a computer: Ñieàu tuï.
khieån baèng maùy tính. z condense v. to increase in
z computer controlled catalytic density and (of a vapour) to
converter = system in which become a liquid: ngöng tuï.
exhaust emissions are controlled z condensed water = water
by close regulation of the a/ f ratio resulting from condensation: nöôùc
and by the use of a three-way ngöng tuï.
catalytic converter: Boä xuùc taùc z condenser n. device in an air-
ñieàu khieån baèng maùy tính. conditioning system mounted in
(NOTE: opposite is open-loop front of the car’s radiator with coils
catalytic converter) and turns to liquid: Boä ngöng tuï
z computer controlled ignition (giaøn noùng)
timing = electronic ignition system (NOTE: opposite is evaporator)

72
conductive contact

conductive a. capable of conducting con rod n. ( informal) =

or carrying electricity: Daãn ñieän. CONNECTING ROD
(NOTE: opposite is resistivity) console n. small fascia and/ or storage
z conductor n. material which space between the front seats in a
conducts electricity due to the fact car, which may serve as a support
that it has many free electrons: for additional instruments: Khung
Vaät daãn ñieän. ñeå gaén tableau.
(NOTE: opposite is insulator) constantan n. nickel and copper
cone clutch n. early type of clutch in alloy, used as resistance wire or in
which the driving and driven thermocouples: Hôïp kim cuûa
elements have conical surfaces, ñoàng vaø nikel
still used in the synchronizing constant-mesh gearbox n. most
mechanisms of synchromesh commonly used transmission type
transmissions: Ly hôïp coân. in which forward gear pairs
configuration n. arrangement of part remain in mesh all the time, the
in relation to one another: Caáu driving pair being engaged by a
hình. clutch mechanism incorporating a
conical a. in the shape of a cone; hub and sleeve, today almost
tapered: Hình noùn. invariably laid out as a
z conical seat or seating = synchromesh mechanism: Hoäp soá
circular seating, e.g. for a valve or kieåu luoân aên khôùp.
sparking plug, with slopping sides: z constant power distribution or
Beä hình coân. split n. system with ensures that
connecting rod n. bar forming the link the same amount of the power is
between piston and crankshaft, and always transmitted to the front and
transmitting the force exerted by rear wheels in a four wheel drive
the piston to the crankshaft: Thanh vehicle: Söï phaân boá ñeàu coâng
truyeàn (tay deân). suaát treân xe hai caàu.
z connecting rod bearing = BIG- constant velocity joint (CV joint) n.
END BEARING: Baïc loùt thanh universal joint in which the driven
truyeàn shaft rotates at a constant speed
z connecting rod shank = regardless of the angle adopted,
longitudinal, usually I-section, part given a constant input shaft speed:
of the connecting rod: Thaân thanh Khôùp noái ñoàng toác (Ñaàu laùp)
truyeàn consumption n. process of using up
connection n. joining of two parts, or amount used, especially of fuel
especially parts connecting or oil: Söï tieâu thuï (nhieân lieäu,
electricity: Söï keát noái (noái daây daàu nhôùt)
ñieän) contact n. (a) touching of two parts:
z connector n. part which joins Söï tieáp xuùc.
two or more parts together: Giaéc (b) part carrying electricity made
noái. to touch another such part for

73
contact area continuously variable transmission

baùn daãn khoâng tieáp ñieåm.

passing current, e.g. in a switch or z contact patch n. parts of a tyre
a contact breaker: Caùi coâng taéc, in contact with the road surface:
tieáp ñieåm. Phaàn tieáp xuùc cuûa voû xe vôùi maët
contact area n. = CONTACT ñöôøng
PATCH: Vuøng tieáp xuùc. (NOTE: also called footprint)
z contact arm n. arm in the z contact pattern n. wear pattern
distributor or which the moving visible at point where two parts
contact is mounted: Caàn vít buùa touch: Veát moøn.
(vít löûa) z contact point n. = CONTACT
z contact bounce n. rapid BREAKER POINT
opening and closing of electrical z contact set n. replacement
contacts causing intermittent contact breaker assembly for
functioning of the circuit: Hieän fitting when new points are
töôïng rung tieáp ñieåm (vít) required: Nguyen boä vít löûa ñeå
z contact breaker (CB) n. thay theá
mechanical switch as the part of z contact spring n. spring
the distributor of breaker-triggered pressing on a contact to hold it in
ignition systems which breaks the engagement, in a switch, bulb
primary current at the ignition holder, etc.: Loø xo tieáp xuùc (ñuoâi
point to provide a spark, consisting ñeøn, coâng taéc)
of a fixed contact or point and an contaminant n. dirt or other
arm with a moving contact or undesirable substance or pollutant:
point: Tieáp ñieåm (Vít löûa). Chaát gaây oâ nhieãm, hoaëc laøm baån
z contact breaker gap = Continental-type fuse n. ceramic fuse
POINTS GAP: Khe hôû vít löûa with conical and caps, colour-
z contact breaker plate = plate coded for different values: Caàu
on which the the contact breaker chì söù.
assembly is mounted, and which Continuous AC Ignition System
can be rotated slightly by the (CACIS) n. fundamentally new
vacuum or centrifugal advance ignition system, where a high-
mechanism: Maâm xoay vít löûa. energy AC arc burns for the entire
z contact breaker point = power stroke: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
individual contact of a contact xoay chieàu lieân tuïc
breaker: Ñieåm tieáp xuùc cuûa vít continuous injection system (CIS) n.
löûa mechanical fuel injection system
z contact chatter n. = giving a constant supply of fuel :
CONTACT BOUNCE Heä thoáng phun xaêng lieân tuïc
z contactless electronic ignition (kieåu K).
(system) n. = BREAKERLESS z continuously variable
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION transmission (CVT) n.
(SYSTEM): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa transmission system in which the

74
control control valve

speed ratio of driving and driven thermostatically controlled air

elements is infinitely variable over cleaners, (iv) very lean A/F
the required working range, or is mixtures, (v) high idle speed, (vi)
varied over a very large of number severely retarded ignition timing,
fixed ratios, either automatically or (vii) TCS and TVS: Heä thoáng
by manual control: Hoäp soá voâ caáp. kieåm soaùt quaù trình chaùy.
control 1 n. (a) device used to controlled vehicle n. vehicle fitted
regulate the functioning of system, with a system for reducing exhaust
either operated by the driver by emissions, such as a catalytic
mean of a lever, knob or switch, or converter, egr, air injection or fuel
operating automatically: Thieát bò evaporative emission control: Xe
ñieàu khieån, kieåm soaùt ñöôïc kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
(b) ability of the driver to make the z control plunger n. device in a
vehicle perform as required: Söï fuel injection system whose up-
ñieàu khieån (xe) and- down movement in the
2 v. to make do what is required: metering unit of the fuel
Ñieàu khieån. distributor controls the open cross
z control arm n. suspension arm sectional area of the metering
controlling wheel camber, ports and thus the quantity of fuel
especially the upper or lower wish supplies to the individual
born: Thanh giaèng. cylinders: Van ñieàu khieån nhieân
z control box n.(a) box containing lieäu.
voltage regulators and cut-out: z control pressure n. pressure in
Hoäp ñieàu khieån ñieän. fuel injection systems; pressure in
(b) = CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu an automatic transmission which
khieån. acts on the commands valves and
z control cable n. cable usually in is derived from line pressure or
an outer sheath, running from a from throttle pressure: Aùp suaát
knob or lever to the device which it ñieàu khieån .
operates or regulates: Caùp ñieàu z control stalk n. spindle
khieån. projecting from the steering
(NOTE: US English is control column just below the steering
wire) wheel, on which are grouped
controlled burn rate see CBR controls for some or all the
PROCESS: Toác ñoä chaùy ñöôïc following; light, windscreen wipers
and washers, direction indicators
kieåm soaùt
and horns: Coâng taéc toå hôïp tr6en
controlled combustion system (CCS)
n.General Motors term covering a vuøng tay laùi
set of emission control measures, z control unit n. = ELECTRONIC
including (i) modified combustion CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu
champer design, (ii) high- khieån ñieän töû.
temperature coolant systems, (iii) z control valve n. valve regulat-

75
control valve assembly converter top

ing or operating a system, neàn (sôn).

especially a hydraulic or vacuum z conversion rate n. rate at
control system: Van ñieàu khieån. which a given catalytic converter
z control valve assembly = purifies the exhaust gas stream,
casting located in the sump of an governed by various parameters
automatic gearbox, which contains such as operating conditions and
most of the valves for the hydraulic converter design: Toác ñoä hoaù khöû.
control system: Cuïm van ñieàu converter n. (a) = TORQUE
khieån. CONVERTER: Boä bieán moâ.
z control wire n. US = (b) = CATALYTIC CONVERTER:
CONTROL CABLE Boä xuùc taùc.
conv n. = CONVERTIBLE (c) = ADAPTER: Ñaàu chuyeån
conventional ignition system n. tieáp
ignition system consisting of z converter case n. assembly in
battery, ignition switch, ballast an automatic gearbox comprising
resistor, ignition coil, distributor the impeller with the converter
and capacitor, contact breaker, cover welded to it, containing the
centrifugal or vacuum advance converter fluid and vane wheel s
unit, sparking plug and ignition and connected to the crankshaft via
cables: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa the drive plate and revolving at
thöôøng (vít löûa) engine speed: Voû boä bieán moâ.
conventional spare wheel n. spare z converter cover n. part in an
wheel identical with the standard automatic gearbox welded to the
wheels on a car: Baùnh xe döï pump, with which it constitutes the
phoøng. converter case: Voû bôm boä bieán
conversion n. (a) changing from on moâ.
state into another, e.g. of toxious z converter housing n. (a)
gases into harmless gases: Söï stationary outer part of the
chuyeån ñoåi traïng thaùi automatic gearbox casing which
(b) altered state of a particular houses the converter case: Voû hoäp
system, or set of parts needed to soá.
achieve it: Traïng thaùi ñaõ thay ñoåi (b) housing of a catalytic
cuûa moät heä thoáng converter: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
z manual choke conversion (kit) (NOTE: also called converter
= parts needed to change an shell)
automatic choke into a manually convertible n. car with a hood that
operated choke: Phuï tuøng ñeå can be folded down or a hard top
chuyeån böôùm gioù töï ñoäng sang which can be removed: Xe mui
böôùm gioù tay. xeáp (mui traàn)
z conversion coating n. metal (NOTE: also called open car)
surface coating consisting of a z converter top (US) = soft
compound of the base metal: Lôùp foldable top of an open car, top of

76
coolant core plug

an open car, made of canvas or copolymer n. polymer produce from

vinyl and usually including a PVC two different monomers: Hôïp chaát
rear window: Mui xeáp cao phaân töû ñöôïc saûn xuaát töø hai
coolant n. mixture of water and anti- ñôn theå
freeze (usually now with corrosion copper core n. central electrode of a
inhibitors) in the cooling system: sparking plug or the wires of an
Nöôùc laøm maùt ñoäng cô HT lead made of copper, which is
z coolant level warning light n. an excellent conductor electricity:
light on the instrument panel with Loõi ñoàng cuûa ñieän cöïc bougie
comes on when there is too little hoaëc daây cao aùp
coolant in the cooling system: Ñeøn z copper-core lead =
baùo möïc nöôùc laøm maùt (unsuppressed) HT lead with a
z coolant pump n. = WATER copper core: Daây phin loõi ñoàng.
PUMP: Bôm nöôùc laøm maùt z copper-faced hammer n.
z coolant temperature sensor n. hammer with a round head made
sensor usually on the bottom of the of copper, used on items which
radiator connected to the would be damaged by the use of a
temperature gauge: Caûm bieán harder steel hammer, such as
nhieät ñoä nöôùc laøm maùt knock-off hubcaps or spinners:
cooling fan n. large and powerful fan Buùa ñaàu ñoàng.
on an air cooled engine, usually of z copper plating n. applying a
the axial flow type, driven via a v- thin layer of copper by electrolytic
belt from the engine crankshaft, deposition, especially on parts in
with supplies a large volume of the electrical system such as
cooling air to the cooling fins of terminals and contacts: Maï ñoàng
the engine, and adds significantly cord n. strong thread usually of nylon
to engine noise: Quaït laøm maùt used in the carcass of a tyre: Loõi
keùt nöôùc voû xe.
z cooling fins n. protruding strips core n. (a) central part which is
of flat metal cast on the cylinder of entirely enclosed, as in an ignition
air cooled engines (and sometimes coil, a sparking plug, an electrical
other component) to increase the lead or a tyre valve: Loõi, cöïc
available cooling surface, and to (b) main part of a radiator below
improve heat dissipation: Caùnh the header tank, consisting of
taûn nhieät. numerous small tubes with
z cooling jacket n. = WATER cooling fins and gaps between for
JACKET: Aùo nöôùc the air to pass through: Væ laøm maùt
cooling system n. system for keeping trong keùt nöôùc.
the temperature of an engine down z core plug n. sheet metal disc
to a desirable level, usually by the inserted in a hole in the water
circulation of water with additives: jacket of the cylinder block to
Heä thoáng laøm maùt prevent it from cracking if the

77
cornering countersink

coolant should freeze due to formed at a result of corrosion:

insufficient anti-freeze, the core Chaát ñöôïc hình thaønh trong quaù
plug being forced out by the trình aên moøn
pressure created by the expansion z corrosion resistance = ability of
of the water when frozen: Nuùt metals to withstand corrosion: Khaû
choáng nöùt loác maùy (baèng kim naêng choáng aên moøn.
loaïi, ñaët beân ngoaøi aùo nöôùc) z corrosion warranty = ANTI–
(NOTE: US English is freeze- CORROSION WARRANTY
plug) z corrosive a. causing corrosion:
cornering n. negotiation of a corner Laøm aên moøn
or bend: Söï quay voøng cost-effective a. worthwhile in terms
z good/ poor cornering (ability) of tangible benefits produced by
= ability / inability of a car to go money spent: Hieäu suaát ñaàu tö coù
round corners safely at a hieäu quaû lôïi nhuaän
reasonable speed, without body cost option n.option extra for a new
roll and breakaway: khaû naêng car available on payment of an
quay voøng toát / xaáu additional sum: Chi phí gaén theâm.
z cornering forces = forces cotter n. tapered pin or wedge
exerted on a tyre by the slip angle inserted through holes in two parts
when taking a corner: Löïc taùc such as a or wheel or other part
duïng leân baùnh xe khi quay voøng on a shaft, so us to hold the two
z corner speed = speed at which parts firmly in position relative to
a corner is taken: Toác ñoä quay one another: Choát giöõ.
voøng z cotter pin = (a) SPLIT PIN
corrode v. (a) to suffer corrosion, (b) COTTER
especially rust: AÊn moøn. coulomb (C) n. unit of electric charge
(b) to cause corrosion in: Laøm aên being the amount of electricity
moøn. conveyed in one second by a
z corrosion n. chemical process in current of one ampere: Culoâng
which a metal is eaten away, such countershaft n. US = LAY SHAFT:
as the oxidation of iron and steel, Truïc trung gian
otherwise known a rusting: Söï aên countersink v. to enlarge the part of a
moøn (hoaù hoïc). hole on the surface of the material
z corrosion control or so that a conical recess is formed
prevention or protection = to take the correspondingly shaped
minimizing corrosion by coating heat of a screw, which will then be
with a protective metal, an oxide, flush with the surface: Maët vaùt loã
or similar substance, or with a ren.
protective paint, or by rendering z countersunk bolt or screw =
the metal passive: Kieåm soaùt bolt or screw the back of whose
(choáng) söï aên moøn head is angled to conform with the
z corrosion inhibitor = substance angle (countersink angle) of the

78
countersunk hole crankcase breather

sides of the hole into which it is behind the rear door and to either
fitted: Ñinh vít hoaëc bu loâng chìm side of the rear window,
z countersunk hole = enlarged connecting the rear of the roof to
hole with slopping sides: Loã vaùt. the side of the body: Truï ñôõ phía
z counterweight n. (a) weight sau khung cöûa sau.
added to the crankshaft of an CR or cr = COMPRESSION RATIO:
engine to improve smoothness of Tyû soá neùn
running at low engine speeds as cracking n. forming of cracks, e.g. in
well as even increase or decrease the sidewalls of a tyre due to
of speed, usually in the form of an hardening of the rubber, or in
extension of the crank web on the paintwork due to weathering of an
opposite side from the crankpin: excessively deep coat: Söï nöùt (voû
Ñoái troïng (truïc khuyûu) xe hoaëc sôn)
(b) = BALANCE WEIGHT: Troïng crank 1 n.(a) arm incorporating a right
löôïng caân baèng angle, often mounted on a shaft:
coupe n. car with closed two-door Caùi tay quay
bodywork usually having a boot (b) = CRANKSHAFT: Truïc
(i.e. not a hatch back) and sleek khuyûu
and sporty lines, the rear seat often 2 v. to turn (the engine) by means
being rather cramped: Xe 2 cöûa of the starter or with a handle:
coupling n. part for joining two parts, Khôûi ñoäng
especially shafts: Khôùp noái z cranking enrichment =
z coupling sleeve = sleeve or posision of a richer mixture for
collar moved along the main shaft starting the engine: Laøm giaøu hoaø
of a gearbox by a selector fork khí khi khôûi ñoäng.
engaging in a groove of its centre z cranking speed = speed at
and having dog clutches at either which the starter turns the engine:
end: OÁng truïc dòch chuyeån theo Toác ñoä khôûi ñoäng.
truïc chính cuûa hoäp soá coù cô caáu z crankcase n. part of the engine
ñònh vò that house the crankshaft (and
courtesy light n. interior light which usually the oil pump) and carries
comes on when the door is opened: the sump, typically made of cast
Ñeøn traàn. iron and in one piece with the
cowl n. (a) part of the bodywork with engine block: Cacte
protects and/ or provides z crankcase breather = vent
streamlining for a usually which allows fumes and blowby
projecting component: Taám caûn gases to escape, and reduces
tröôùc ñaàu xe condensation, usually connected to
(b) US = SCUTTLE the air intake of the carburettor so
cowling n. = COWL that the fumes can be burnt in the
C-pillar or C-post n. third vertical combustion champer: Loã thoâng
pillar of a typical saloon body shell hôi cacte

79
crankcase compression crash

z crankcase compression or pre- connecting rods which converts the

compression = initial compression reciprocating or up and down
of the fuel/ air/ oil mixture in a motion of the pistons into rotary
two-stroke engine in the area motion used to provide the drive to
below the pistons to enable more the wheels via the clutch and
fresh charge to be fed into the transmission: Truïc khuyûu
cylinder: Neùn tröôùc trong ñoäng z crankshaft journal = term
cô hai thì. usually applied to the journals
z crankcase emissions = running in the main bearings as
pollutants allowed to escape into opposed to those for the big-end
the atmosphere from the bearings: Coå truïc chính truïc
crankcase: Söï oâ nhieãm do hôi khuyûu
cacte z crankshaft position sensor =
z crankcase half = one side of the sensor which transmits data on the
crankcase where it is split down exact position of the crankshaft to
the middle, especially in single- the engine management system for
cylinder motorcycle engines: Nöûa accurate ignition timing: Caûm
naép cacte (trong xe gaén maùy). bieán vò trí píttoâng
z crankcase scavenging = system z crankshaft pully = pully on the
in a two–stroke engine where the nose of the crankshaft which may
fresh charge is induced into the be toothed for use with a cogged
cylinder via the crankcase and the belt for driving the crankshaft, or
transfer ports: Heä thoáng naïp khí recessed to accept a v-belt, or
qua cacte ( trong ñoäng cô hai thì) slotted to take a ribbed belt for
z crankcase ventilation = driving the alternator or dynamo
circulation of air through the plus sometimes the fans and water
crankcase of a running engine to pump, it may also carry timing
removed water, blow–by and other marks: Puli truïc khuyûu
gases and thus prevent oil dilution z crankshaft sprocket = sprocket
and contamination, sludge mounted on the nose of the
formation and pressure build-up: crankshaft driving the camshaft via
Thoâng hôi cacte a timing chain: Baùnh raêng truïc
z cranked a. having an elbow or khuyûu (truyeàn ñoäng xích)
right angle shape in it, e.g. a z crank throw n. distance
starting handle or wheel brace: between the crankpin and the axis
Tay quay of rotation or centreline of the
z crankpin n. journal on which the crankshaft, which is equal to half
connecting rod of a piston engine the stroke: Baùn kính khuyûu.
is mounted: Coå truïc gaù laép ñaàu z crank web n. one of the pair of
thanh truyeàn arms which carry the big-end
z crankshaft n. part of the engine journal: Maù truïc khuyûu
connected to the pistons by crash n. collision either with another

80
crash barrier crimping pliers or tool

car or into some usually stationary daønh cho xe chaïy chaäm

object: Söï ñuïng xe. crazing n. development of a network
z crash barrier = barrier with of fine cracks on or just under the
longitudinal members designed to surface of paintwork: Söï phaùt
prevent a vehicle which is out of trieån cuûa nhöõng veát nöùt sôn.
control from leaving a road or race crease n. ridge produced by folding of
track, or on a motorway from the metal either as part of the
crossing the central reserve: Con design or as a result of accident
löôn, haøng raøo phaân ranh giôùi. damage: Veát moáp.
z crash gearbox n. gearbox creep n. tendency of a vehicle with
without any synchromesh, thus automatic transmission to edge
requiring double declutching: Hoäp forwards when idling with drive
soá khoâng coù boä ñoàng toác. engaged unless held on the brake:
(NOTE: also informally called Söï tröôøn xe ôû toác ñoä caàm chöøng,
crash box) khoâng phanh (coù hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
crash recorder n. electric device z creepage n. spreading of
that measure the speed and corrosion, especially rust, under
direction of a motor vehicle, as paintwork causing blistering and
well as brake and indicator flaking: Söï lan gæ döôùi lôùp sôn
activity: Hoäp ghi döõ lieäu xe khi z creeper n. low flat trolley made
xaûy ra tai naïn. of wooden slats with castors, used
z crash sensor = sensor which by mechanics to lie on when
triggers the air bag when a certain working under a vehicle: Xe goã
degree of deceleration is duøng ñeå chui gaàm (söûa chöõa)
exceeded, i.e. in a severe frontal crescent n. (in internal gear pumps)
crash: Caûm bieán va chaïm (ñieàu part between the inner and outer
khieån goái hôi) gears: Hình löôõi lieàm (phaàn naèm
z crash test = controlled test in giöõa baùnh raêng trong vaø ngoaøi
which a vehicle is propelled into a cuûa bôm baùnh raêng)
wall or another vehicle at a given crest n. highest point of a screw
speed, in order to study the effect thread: Ñænh ren
on its structure, the effectiveness (NOTE: opposite is root)
of safety belts, etc.: Thöû nghieäm crimping n. creation of corrugations in
va chaïm. two thin metal parts as they are
crawler n. (informal) slow-moving pressed tightly together in order to
vehicle: Xe ruøa, xe chaïy chaäm join them, a method often used in
z crawler gear = extremely low place of soldering for electrical
gear mainly for off-road use: Soá connections: Neáp gaáp choå noái daây
cöïc thaáp. vôùi ñaàu giaéc caám
z crawler lane = separate lane crimping pliers or tool = tool in the
for heavy lorries and other slow- form of pliers with serrated jaws
moving vehicles on a hill: Laøn especially for creating electrical

81
critical speed cross-spoke wheel

connections: Kìm boùp daây therefore wider than it is high,

critical speed n. engine or shaft permitting a lower bonnet line: Boä
speed at which some unwanted taûn nhieät vôùi doøng nöôùc chaûy
phenomon such as vibration sets nagng
in: Toác ñoä tôùi haïn z cross-head screw n. screw
crocodile clip n. spring clip with whose head has a double slot in the
serrated jaws for making shape of a cross, design to accept a
temporary electrical connections, special screw-driver: Vít ñaàu chöû
as on jump leads: Keïp caù saáu thaäp
(ñieän) z cross-head screwdriver =
(NOTE: US English is alligator screwdriver such as the Phillips or
clip) pozidriv type with cross-shaped
crossbar n. (a) any transverse bar, ridges in its point for cross-head
especially a tie rod across the screws: Tua nô vít ñaàu chöõ thaäp
chassis, also specifically the top (pa ke)
tube of a cycle or motorcycle z cross member n. any structural
frame: Thanh ngang main body or chassis member
(b) US = TOMMY BAR mounted transversely, i.e. linking
z cross coat n. paint spraying left- and right- hand side members:
technique in which consecutive Thanh ngang (khung)
coats are sprayed at right angles to z cross-ply tyre n. tyre in which
one another: Kyõ thuaät sôn chöû the plies are laid diagonally,
thaäp running across the carcass and
z cross - country vehicle n. = off- crisscrossing one another at an
road vehicle: Xe ñòa hình. angle of about 300-400 : Voû xe lôùp
z cross-draught carburettor n.= boá xieân.
side draught carburettor: Boä cheá z cross point screwdriver n. =
hoaø khí huùt ngang. cross head screwdriver: Tua nô vít
z cross flow cylinder head n. ñaàu .
cylinder head design (especially in z cross scavenging n. scavenging
an OHC–engine) with the inlet in a two-stroke engine with flow
manifold on one side and the across the cylinder assisted by a
exhaust manifold on the other side wedge-shaped piston crown: Söï
of the head, so that inlet and queùt khí thaúng.
exhaust valves are arranged on z cross section n. view of an
opposite sides of the combustion object when cut transversely at
champer, giving a wider engine right angles across its centre: Maët
but better gas flow: Naép qui laùt coù caét.
oáng goùp huùt vaø thaûi ñoái xöùng z cross shaft n. any transverse
z cross flow radiator n. radiator shaft: Truïc ngang.
in which the water flows sideways z cross-spoke wheel n. modern
instead of vertically, and which is design of alloy wheel which

82
cross-threaded cup-shape wire brush

imitates the appearance of the overrides the system by braking or

classical wire wheel: Maâm ñuùc accelerating, or by shutting it off:
giaû caêm Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån ga töï ñoäng.
z cross-threaded a. (of a bolt) z cruising speed n. constant speed
damaged by being inserted in a at which a car can be driven
threaded hole at an angle: Bò treøo without strain: Toác ñoä chaïy theo
ren. trôùn.
z crosswind n. wind blowing at crumple zone n. front end (and also
the side of the car: Gioù ngang (xe) sometimes the rear end) of a car
z crown n. (a) top part, especially which is so designed that it gives
of a piston: Ñænh, ñaàu (piston) way in a crash in order to absorb as
(b) outward curvature of an much as possible of the impact:
apparently flat sheet metal panel: Caûn xe.
Ñöôøng cong bieân (thaân xe) crusher n. machine which crushes
z crown wheel n. large of two scrapped cars into small blocks:
gears in a bevel gear drive with Maùy eùp xe pheá thaûi.
teeth round its periphery facing cubby hole n. glove compartment on
sideways: Baùnh raêng noùn chuû older cars, often without a lid:
ñoäng (caàu) Ngaên chöùa ñoà ôû xe ñôøi cuõ.
z crown wheel and pinion = pair cubes n. (informal) US = CUBIC
of gears the final drive of a INCHES
vehicle, always found in the back zcubic capacity n. volume of any
axle of a rear-wheel drive layout enclosed space, including a
where the pinion is on the end of cylinder or an engine: Dung tích
the propeller shaft driving the (xy lanh).
crown wheel mounted on the zcubic centimetre n. usual unit
differential at right angles to it, and of measure for the capacity of an
also in front wheel drives where engine, almost always abbreviated
the engine is not transversely to cc: Cm3
mounted: Voøng raêng vaø baùnh zcubic inch n. unit of measure for
raêng noùn chuû ñoäng (caàu) the capacity of an engine used in
z cruciform frame n. frame with north America, equal to 16.387 cc:
it X-shaped bracing either a Inch khoái.
chassis frame, or in a monocoque (NOTE: abbreviated as cu .ins)
as strengthening for the floor: cup seal n. synthetic rubber seal with a
Khung hình chöõ thaäp. single lip used for sealing
cruise v. to drive at a constant speed, hydraulic and pneumatic pistons:
using a fairly small throttle Phoát (duøng cho piston thuûy löïc
opening: Chaïy theo trôùn hoaëc khí neùn)
z cruise control n. computer z cup-shape wire brush n.
controlled system which maintains circular wire brush on an arbor for
a preset speed unit the driver use with an electric drill: Baøn chaûi

83
curb cylinder

saét ñeå ñaùnh boùng. z cut-in speed n. speed at which

curb n. US = KERB: Leà ñöôøng. the dynamo has to rotate to
cure v. (of a plastic) to harden: Toâi, produce a voltage which is greater
laøm cöùng. than that across the battery
z curing time n. time required for terminals: Toác ñoä phaùt ñieän (maùy
a plastic such as a filler or coating phaùt)
to harden: Thôøi gian toâi. z cut-out n. circuit-breaker,
current regulator n.device for especially one in the charging
controlling the current output of a circuit of a dynamo, whose points
dynamo (which increases with open when the dynamo output is
engine speed) by opening a switch less than the battery voltage, so
when the current exceeds a certain that the battery does not drain into
value, thus protecting the dynamo the dynamo: Caàu dao caét ñieän.
from damage due to excess cutting compound n. relatively
current: Boä tieát cheá doøng ñieän abrasive paste used to bring up the
(cho maùy phaùt moät chieàu) shine of paint finishes which dry
custom a. individually made to suit the dull or have gone dull due to
requirements and tastes of the neglect: Boät nhaùm laøm boùng sôn
owner, especially as regards z cutting disc n. abrasive wheel
appearance: Söï thay ñoåi theo yù of an angle grinder: Ñóa caét.
chuû xe. z cutting line n. line established
z custom wheel = special wheel by the factory along which weld-up
with attractive styling, usually assemblies must be cut when
alloy, available as an aftermarket replacing a sheet metal part, in
accessory, fitted mainly to make a order to maintain structural
car look more sporty: Baùnh xe strength in the finished repair:
kieåu theå thao. Vaïch caét.
z customize v. to alter a car to suit z cutting torch n. oxyacetylene
the requirements and tastes of the torch for cutting through metal,
owner, especially as regards used by emergency services and
appearance: Laøm thay ñoåi theo yù people dismantling vehicles: Moû
chuû xe. haøn caét.
cut and shut a. (of a car) shortened CV joint n. = CONSTANT
by cutting out a section of the VELOCITY
chassis and/ or bodywork: Caét CVT = CONTINUOUSLY
ngaén thaân xe VARIABLE TRANSMISSION
z cutaway a. (of a drawing or CWT = HUNDREDWEIGHT
model) with part of the external cycle n. sequence of changes of state
cover or causing removed to show after which the system is in its
the internal parts and how they original state again: Chu kyø, chu
work: Moâ hình caét boå (hìnhveõ trình.
hoaëc vaät thaät) cylinder n.tubular chamber which

84
z cylinder bank cylinder wall

accommodates a reciprocating z cylinder head bolt or nut = bolt

piston, a in an engine or a or nut holding the cylinder head
hydraulic system: Xy lanh. down: Bu loâng vaø ñai oác naép quy
z cylinder bank n. one half of the laùt.
V in a V-engine; i.e. one of the two z cylinder head gasket = gasket
rows of four cylinders in the case locatted between the cylinder
of a V-8: Daõy xylanh. block and cylinder head to seal the
z cylinder barrel n.external combustion chamber and to
casing of a cylinder forming a prevent compression and coolant
separate unit, especially of an air- leaks, usually more than one
cooled engine: Phaàn boïc xylanh material: Roong naép maùy, roong
trong ñoäng cô laøm maùt baèng gioù quy laùt
cylinder block n. cast-iron or, less cylinder head tester n. device used to
frequently, cast-alloy casing detect cylinder head leakages
containing the cylinders of an which cause combustion gases to
internal combustion engine, with a appear in the cooling system:
water jacket if water-cooled or Duïng cuï kieåm tra hieän töôïng
cooling fins if air-cooled, and thoåi roong
usually in one piece with the cylinder hone n. special tool for
crankcase: Khoái xy lanh. use with an electric drill or air
z cylinder block heater = electric tools to hone and polish engine,
heater element in the water jacket clutch or brake cylinders, with a
connected to the mains which number of hone stones that adjust
warms the coolant before the car is to different cylinder bore
used, ensuring better starting and diameters by spring tension: Duïng
faster engine and heater warm-up: cuï xoaùy vaø ñaùnh boùng xy lanh.
Söï laøm noùng nöôùc laøm maùt baèng z cylinder liner n. hard metal
ñieän trôû nhieät ñeå deã khôûi ñoäng insert in the cylinder block
z cylinder charge n. quantity of forming the cylinder wall, and in
fresh mixture fed into the which the pistons run: Sômi, oáng
combustion chamber prior to loùt.
combustion: Löôïng khí naïp. (NOTE: also called cylinder
z cylinder head n. casting on sleeve )
earlier engines of cast iron and on z cylinder wall n. internal face of
most modern engines of cat the cylinder or bore: Thaønh xy
aluminium, bolted on top of the lanh
cylinder block, usually containing
part of the combustion chamber(s)
with the valves and the sparking
plugs: Naép quy laùt (naép maùy)

85
D dBA

Dd
D (a) = DIESEL: Ñoäng cô Diesel. taøi xeá, baûng ñieàu khieån
(b) = DRIVE: Tay soá D. z dashboard gear change n. gear
(c) = mark on the output (live) change layout with the gear lever
terminal on a dynamo: Kyù hieäu mounted in and protruding from
cöïc ra maùy phaùt. the dashboard: Hoäp ñieàu khieån
damp v. to reduce the oscillations of (a sang soá.
spring, carburetor piston, etc.) or z dashboard plaque n. metal
the vibration in (a crankshaft, etc.): plate, typically made of brass or
Laøm giaûm dao ñoäng, laøm giaûm chromium-plated steel, awarded
rung for attendance or winning a prize
z damper n. any device which at a rally or other event, or with
reduces oscillations (either the supplier’s name and address:
mechanical or electrical) or Baûng danh döï (cho ngöôøi thaéng
vibration, such as a shock absorber cuoäc ñua xe)
in the suspension, or a vibration z dash panel n. (a) structural
damper on the crankshaft: Boä panel with bracings across the
giaûm rung, giaûm dao ñoäng (caû cô width of the car on the inside of
vaø ñieän) the bulkhead below the
z damper piston = piston in a windscreen that provides the
cylinder whose movement is mounting locations of the
restricted by a liquid or gas, which dashboard: Khung tröôùc voâ laêng
thus also restricts the movement of ñeå gaén caùc ñoàng hoà vaø caùc boä
another member to which it is phaän ñieàu khieån.
connected: Piston boä giaûm xoùc. (b) US = BULKHEAD: Taám ngaên
z damper springs = springs in a buøn, taám chaén.
clutch plate providing a cushion dashpot n. small housing for a damper
against sudden loads due to abrupt piston moving in oil, such as that of
engagement: Loø xo giaûm chaán (ly an SU carburetor: Boä giaûm chaán
hôïp) nhoû (gaù laép treân boä cheá hoøa khí,
z damper strut = suspension strut coù taùc duïng laøm caàn ga giaûm töø
whose hub carries is attached to töø)
the spring element rather than to dazzle n. glare from the headlights of
the damper tube: Thanh choáng boä on coming traffic which can
giaûm chaán (heä thoáng treo) momentarily blind a driver: Söï
z damping force or rate n. choùi maét (töø ñeøn pha cuûa xe chaïy
amount of damping applied by a ngöôïc chieàu)
shock absorber: Löïc taét daàn cuûa dBA n. measurement of the level of
boä giaûm chaán sound pressure with reference to a
dash (board) n. = INSTRUMENT particular circuit on a sound-level
PANEL: Baûng ñoàng hoà tröôùc maët meter which reacts in a similar

86
DC decompressor

way to the ear: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng kim loaïi)

ñoä aâm thanh. z deburring n. removing burrs
DC = DIRECT CURRENT: Doøng from a metal surface: Söï maøi
ñieän moät chieàu nhaün.
z DC generator n. US = decal n. type of transfer bearing a
DYNAMO: Maùy phaùt ñieän moät model name or logo or other
chieàu wording: Nhaõn, maùc, tem (xe).
DC rim n. = DROP-CENTRE RIM: decarbonize v. to remove carbon
Raõnh loõm treân nieàng xe. deposit from the piston top and
dead battery n. (informal) = FLAT combustion chambers of an
BATTERY: AÉc quy cheát, aéc quy engine: Khöû carbon, laøm saïch
heát ñieän. muoäi than (piston, buoàng ñoát)
z dead axle n. axle that supports decelerate v. to slow down by taking
weight and attached parts, but does one’s foot off the throttle: Giaûm
not deliver power to a wheel or toác ñoä
other rotating member: Truïc, caàu (NOTE: opposite is accelerate)
coá ñònh z deceleration n. slowing down:
z dead centre n. position of the Söï giaûm toác ñoä
piston either at the top or the z deceleration fuel cut-off = in
bottom of its stroke: Ñieåm cheát an electrically controlled
(piston) carburetion or fuel injection
z dead pedal n. footrest to the system, cutting off the fuel supply
left of the clutch on some vehicles: when the engine is at operation,
Baøn ñeå chaân the throttle is closed, and engine
z dead space n. space below the speed is above tick-over: Cheá ñoä
piston available for pre- caét nhieân lieäu khi giaûm toác
compression of the incoming fresh deck n. (a) floor of a commercial
charge of the two-stroke engine: vehicle, especially a bus: Taàng
Khoaûng troáng döôùi piston trong noùc, taàng treân.
ñoäng cô 2 kyø (b) in an engine, top face of the
dealer n. person whose business is cylinder block on which the
buying and selling cars: Ñaïi lyù cylinder head rests: Beà maët khoái
mua baùn xe. xy lanh (tieáp xuùc vôùi naép maùy)
death rattle n. (informal) noise from z deck panel n. = REAR DECK
an engine which indicates that it is PANEL: Taám ngaên phía sau.
likely to break down at any declutch v. to disengage the clutch:
moment: Tieáng khöïng cuûa ñoäng Nhaû ly hôïp
cô (chuaån bò cheát maùy) decoke v. = DECARBONIZE: Khöû
debugging n. eradicating faults in a carbon, laøm saïch muoäi than.
system: Söï söûa chöõa loãi. decompressor n. valve, often
deburr v. to remove burrs from a manually operated and mostly on
metal surface: Maøi nhaün (beà maët old or diesel engines, which

87
dedicated dehumidifier

releases compression in a cylinder engines: Keát caáu ñaëc bieät cuûa

by allowing air to escape in order piston ñoäng cô 2 kyø ñeå queùt khí.
to facilitate manual starting (or z deflector piston = now obsolete
kick-starting of a motorcycle): Van piston design, featuring a profiled
xaû khi khôûi ñoäng tay (ñoäng cô cuõ) crown intended to help direct the
dedicated a. designed for a incoming fresh mixture upwards to
specific use or for a specific expel the burnt exhaust gas from
vehicle:Chuyeân duïng. the cylinder: Píttoâng ñaàu coù phaàn
De Dion axle n. rear-wheel drive daãn höôùng doøng khí queùt.
layout with virtually semi- defogger n. US = DEMISTER: Boä
independent suspension, having a phaän laøm tan baêng, boä xoâng
solid tubular cross member kính.
attached to both wheel carriers and deformation n. alteration of shape or
a single pivot point forward of the dimensions of a body caused by
axle, the differential being stresses, expansion or contraction
attached to the chassis and thus due to temperature or moisture
part of the sprung mass of the change, or chemical or
vehicle: Caàu xe kieåu De Dion. metallurgical change: Söï bieán
defect n. fault in a system or flaw in daïng.
materials or a finish: Khuyeát taät, z deformation zone = CRUMPLE
choã sai ZONE: Vuøng bieán daïng.
z defective a. faulty or flawed: defroster n. US = DEMISTER: Boä
Coù thieáu soùt, coù khuyeát taät phaän laøm tan baêng, boä xoâng
defensive driving n. taking into kính.
account the likelihood of mistakes degradation n. deterioration in the
that could be made by other condition of a material: Söï thoaùi
drivers and driving accordingly: hoùa vaät lieäu
Caån troïng vôùi loãi cuûa caùc taøi xeá degrease v. to remove the oil and
khaùc grease from the surface (of a part):
deflated a. (of a tyre) having lost all its Taåy nhôøn (daàu, nhôùt)
air; containing no air: Xì hôi, noå z degreasing n. removal of grease
loáp. or oil from surfaces : Söï taåy nhôøn.
z deflation n. loss of air from a z degreasing agent = usually a
tyre: Söï noå loáp, söï xì loáp. solvent, but can also be an alkaline
deflection n. movement of a member, solution or steam, used for
especially part of the suspension, removing oil and grease: Chaát taåy
when subjected to a load: Ñoä nhôøn.
voõng, söï voõng xuoáng (heä thoáng dehumidifier n. device which absorbs
treo) moisture from the air, e.g. in a
z deflector n. special piston garage or in an air-conditioning
profile used to achieve cross system: Maùy huùt hôi aåm, laøm khoâ
scavenging in earlier two-stroke (khoâng khí); giaûm ñoä aåm

88
de-ice dent

de-ice v. to remove ice from the from delta configuration n. triangular

of an windscreen or rear window: connection of the three stator
Laøm tan baêng. windings of an alternator: Ñaáu daây
de-icer n. liquid usually in the form of kieåu tam giaùc (maùy phaùt)
an aerosol spray for removing ice de luxe (DL) a.better in its quality or
from wind-screens and windows: level of equipment than the basic
Dung dòch choáng ñoùng baêng, version: Haïng sang, sang troïng.
dung dòch laøm tan baêng. demist v. to clear the windscreen or
de-ionized water n.water from which rear window when they have
impurities have been removed by misted up (or when ice has formed
a special process, for topping up on the outside) (it takes longer to
batteries: Nöôùc caát. clear fronts or ice on the outside
delay valve n. valve used in vacuum than internal condensation): Gaït
or hydraulic systems whose closing söông.
or opening action is delayed, e.g. z demister n. device or system for
delaying vacuum signals by about clearing a windscreen or rear
10-30 seconds in the lines window which is misted up or
connected to the distributor covered in ice: Heä thoáng xoâng
vacuum advance: Van trì hoaõn, kính, gaït söông.
van laøm treã. (NOTE: US English is defogger,
deliver v. (a) (of a pump, etc.) to defroster)
pump or discharge (a liquid): Bôm demonstrator n. car used by a dealer
hoaëc ñaåy chaát loûng for test drives and sold at a
(b) to drive (a new car) from the reduced price after a year or less
factory to the distributor or dealer: of use: Xe ñeå khaùch haøng chaïy
Giao xe cho ñaïi lyù thöû vaø baùn haï giaù sau ñoù
z delivery n. (a) discharging of a z ex-demonstrator for sale = car
liquid from a pump, etc.: Ñaåy chaát for sale which has been used as a
loûng baèng bôm demonstrator: Xe ñeå khaùch haøng
(b) driving a new car from the chaïy thöû ñöôïc ñem baùn
factory to the distributor or dealer: demountable rim = DETACHABLE
Söï phaân phoái xe ñeán ngöôøi baùn. RIM: Nieàng xe rôøi.
z delivery pipe/ side = outlet Denovo tyre n. special tyre (fitted to a
pipe/ side: OÁng phaân phoái. special rim) which used to be
z delivery valve = valve on the made by Dunlop, and which can be
outlet side of a pump: Van ôû ñaàu run flat for up to 100 miles at up to
ra cuûa bôm 50 mph Denovo: Loáp xe Denovo.
z delivery mileage only = has density n. compactness of a substance,
only been driven from the factory expressed as the quotient of its
to the dealer who is selling the car: mass and its volume, or mass per
Chæ chaïy töø nhaø maùy laép raùp ñeán unit volume: Tyû troïng
ñaïi lyù dent 1 n. hollow or dip, e.g. in part

89
dent puller detachable rim

of the body, caused by a sharp depth measurements: Vi keá ño

blow or impact: Veát loõm, veát chieàu saâu.
thuïn. z depth of thread n. distance
z to hammer out a dent = to from thread crest to root, measured
hammer a panel from behind perpendicular to the axis of the
where it has been dented so that thread: Chieàu saâu ren.
the metal surface regains its derust v. to remove the rust from
correct shape: Goø cho baèng laïi. (metal parts): Caïo ræ seùt.
2 v. to cause a dent in (a body derv n. diesel oil when used as a
panel, etc.): Laøm thuïn vaøo, laøm fuel for road vehicles: Nhieân lieäu
loõm vaøo. duøng cho ñoäng cô Diesel.
z dent puller n. tool with a (NOTE: stands for diesel-engine
powerful suction cup to pull dented road vehicle)
doors, wings, bonnets, etc. back descaling n. removal of scale or
into shape: Maùy keùo choã thuïn metallic oxide from metallic
(thaân xe) surfaces by pickling: Söï caïo saïch
deposit 1 n. (a) coating of material, lôùp oxít baèng caùch goõ
especially unwanted, or layer or design 1 n. arrangement of parts;
sediment at the bottom of a tank: form of construction: Caùch saép
Chaát baùm, muoäi than. xeáp, caùch trình baøy, söï saùng taïo,
(b) sum of money paid in advance söï thieát keá.
as part payment: Tieàn ñaët coïc. 2 v. to arrange the parts or
2 v. to apply (a coating of metal, construction of (a car, an engine,
etc.): Pheát vaøo, taùc ñoäng vaøo, aùp etc.): Thieát keá.
duïng, öùng duïng. z design engineer = designer
z zinc is deposited responsible for mechanical parts:
electrolytically = a layer of zinc is Ngöôøi thieát keá chi tieát cô khí
applied by electrolysis: Keõm z design feature = particularly
ñöôïc phuû baèng ñieän phaân good or unusual aspect of a
depreciation n. loss of value due to vehicle, etc.: Ñaëc ñieåm thieát keá.
age or deterioration: Söï giaûm giaù, z designer n. person responsible
söï suït giaù do cuõ hoaëc hö. for the concept of a new car, etc.:
depression n. restricted airflow Ngöôøi thieát keá, veõ kieåu xe môùi.
causing low pressure and a partial desmodromic a. (of valves, valve
vacuum: doøng khí naïp vaøo ít operation) closed as well as
depth gauge n. measuring tool for opened by mechanical means:
depth measurements: Thöôùc ño ñoùng môû baèng cô khí.
chieàu saâu. desorption n. removing adsorbed
z depth micrometer n. material: Söï taùch ra.
micrometer used for precise (NOTE: the opposite of
measuring of hole depths, adsorption)
recesses, keyways, and other detachable rim n. rim which is bolted

90
detergent dial diagonal belt

to the wheel spider and can be chænh laïi ñeå chaïy ñöôøng tröôøng
removed to facilitate tyre dewax v. to remove the wax from
changing, now mainly seen on (bodywork): Ñaùnh saïch lôùp saùp
lorries: Vaønh baùnh xe (nieàng) coù (sôn)
theå thaùo rôøi. dew point n. temperature at which
detergent n. additive used in oil or vapour begins to condense: Ñieåm
petrol which either removes ngöng tuï, nhieät ñoä ngöng tuï
deposits or holds the contaminating DFC = DIGITAL FREQUENCY
materials in suspension (which CONTROL
prevents them coating sensitive diagnostic centre n. part of a garage
surfaces such as pistons): Chaát or workshop where diagnostic
phuï gia ñöôïc cho vaøo xaêng daàu testing is under-taken: Phoøng
ñeå taåy caùc lôùp baùm chaån ñoaùn hö hoûng.
detonation n. condition in the z diagnostic computer =
combustion chambers that gives computer used for diagnostic
rise to knocking or pinking, which testing: Maùy chaån ñoaùn hö hoûng.
occurs when fuel is ignitedtoo z diagnostic link = connection
early and/ or spontaneously, due to between the diagnostic socket on
excessive ignition advance or low the vehicle and an
octane fuel; this results in colliding engine
flame fronts and shock waves analyzer: Giaéc chaån ñoaùn.
which can in turn cause over- z diagnostic socket = socket on
heating and mechanical stress: Söï the vehicle connected to a
kích noå diagnostic system to which an
z detonation sensor = sensor engine analyzer can be attached:
mounted near the cylinder bores in Giaéc (loã) ñeå noái maùy chaån ñoaùn.
the cylinder block, used to detect z diagnostic system = system of
engine knocking and to retard the electronic devices on the vehicle
ignition correspondingly in order to which alert the driver when a fault
prevent engine damage: Caûm occurs, and to which an engine
bieán kích noå analyzer can be connected: Heä
detoxed vehicle n. = CONTROLLED thoáng chaån ñoaùn.
VEHICLE: Xe ñöôïc ñieàu khieån. z diagnostic testing = testing of a
detuned a. (of an engine) intentionally vehicle system such as the
adjusted so as to reduce power, electrical system or fuel injection
either for economy or for greater to detect faults, usually by means
flexibility: Coá tình chænh giaûm of a computerized engine
coâng suaát ñeå tieát kieäm xaêng analyzer: Söï kieåm tra baèng maùy
z a detuned road-going version = chaån ñoaùn.
a version of a car used for racing diagonal belt n. = SHOULDER
which has less power and is BELT: Ñai cheùo (ñai an toaøn)
suitable for road use: Xe ñua ñöôïc z diagonal split braking (system)

91
dial die-cast

n. dual-circuit braking system in chaân khoâng)

which each circuit brakes one front z diaphragm clutch n. =
wheel and the diagonally opposite DIAPHRAGM SPRING CLUTCH:
rear wheel, so that in case of Boä ly hôïp coù loø xo maøng
failure of one circuit reasonably z diaphragm link n. arm
balanced braking can be achieved: connecting the diaphragm and the
Heä thoáng phanh daïng maïch distributor base plate in a vacuum
cheùo. advance mechanism: Thanh noái
dial n. usually circuit face of a cuûa maøng (sôùm chaân khoâng)
measuring instrument such as a z diaphragm pump n. glandless
gauge or speedometer: Maët ñoàng reciprocating pump which a
hoà. flexible diaphragm is moved
z dial caliper n. slide-type caliper backwards and forwards by a
with dial-type indicator: Thöôùc solenoid or mechanically, used
keïp coù ñoàng hoà typically as a fuel as a fuel pump
z dial gauge n. precision on an engine: Bôm maøng
measuring tool for taking z diaphragm spring n. large
measurements in hundredths of a metal disc with spring fingers
millimetre or thousandths of an formed by cutting internal radial
inch, having a plunger or contact slots, used in clutches: Loø xo daïng
arm and a dial face with needle to laù (ly hôïp)
register measurement, and used, z diaphragm spring clutch =
for example, to measure taper in most common type of clutch used
engine cylinders, run out of gears, in modern vehicles with manual
or the trueness of a shaft: So keá. transmission, in which a diaphragm
z dial torque wrench n. torque spring keeps the pressure plate in
wrench which measures torque contact with the frictions plate: Boä
applied while the nut or bolt is ly hôïp coù loø xo laù (daïng maët trôøi)
being tightened and indicates the dickey (seat) n. extra folding seat in
value on a calibrated dial: Caàn the back of a two-seater, common
sieát löïc coù ñoàng hoà hieån thò löïc in the 1920s: Gheá phuï phía sau.
sieát (NOTE: US English is rumble
diameter n. length of a straight line seat)
through the centre of a circular die n. (a) tool for cutting shapes in
object connecting two directly metal, especially outside threads
opposite points on its on pieces of round bar or similar:
circumference: Ñöôøng kính Duïng cuï caét ren ngoaøi
diaphragm n. thin, flexible membrane (b) metal mould for casting:
displaced under pressure, e.g. in Khuoân ñuùc
vacuum units, often connected to z die-cast = manufactured by
a rod or other member to transmit forcing molten metal (e.g.
movement: Maøng (bôm, boä sôùm aluminium) into a die: Ñuùc

92
dielectric diffusing lens

dielectric n. material which is an function, acting simply as a

electrical insulator or in which an mechanical separator: Boä loïc
electric field can be sustained with muoäi than trong khí thaûi ñoäng cô
a minimum loss of power: Chaát diesel.
ñieän moâi, chaát khoâng daãn ñieän z diesel rattle n. = DIESEL
diesel 1 n. (a) = DIESEL ENGINE: KNOCK: Tieáng goõ cuûa ñoäng cô
Ñoäng cô Diesel Diesel.
(b) diesel-engine car = DIESEL die stock n. tool used to hold and
FUEL: Xe duøng ñoäng cô operate dies when cutting outside
Diesel threads: Baøn ren.
2 v. = RUN ON: Ñoäng cô vaãn noå differential or (informal) diff n. gear
sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy assembly between two drive shafts
diesel cycle n. usually four-stroke that permits one shaft to turn at a
cycle according to which a diesel different speed from the other,
engine operates, in which air is while transmitting power: Boä vi
sucked into the cylinder and sai.
compressed at a ratio of up to z differential cage or carrier =
24:1: Chu kyø ñoäng cô Diesel rotating metal frame that encloses
diesel engine n. compression ignition the differential side gears and
engine named after its German pinion gears inside the axle casing:
inventor Rudolf Diesel (1858 – Hoäp vi sai
1913), operating on the diesel z differential casing or housing =
cycle and burning diesel fuel casing for a differential, often
rather than petrol: Ñoäng cô Diesel forming part of the axle casing of a
diesel fuel n. light oil fuel with a live beam axle: Voû ngoaøi boä vi sai
relatively low ignition vaø baùnh raêng chuû ñoäng
temperature: Nhieân lieäu Diesel z differential lock = mechanism
z dieseling n. = RUNNING-ON which eliminates the action of the
z diesel knock n. noise caused by differential, so that both wheels
the rapid rise in pressure in a can be driven for better adhesion
diesel engine, especially at low on slippery surfaces: Khoùa boä vi
speeds and when cold: Tieáng goõ sai
cuûa ñoäng cô Diesel. z differential pinion = bevel
z diesel oil n. = DIESEL FUEL: pinion in the differential: Baùnh
Daàu cho ñoäng cô Diesel raêng nhoû boä vi sai
z diesel particulate filter n. z differential side gear = bevel
filter removing particulates from a gear on either side of the
diesel exhaust, similar in differential into the centre of
appearance to a honeycomb-type which the axle shaft fits: Baùnh
catalytic raêng coân truïc caàu xe
converter, but unlike the catalytic diffusing lens n. lens in a headlamp
converter without any catalytic glass to help focus the beam: Thaáu

93
digital caliper dipstick

kính hoäi tuï aùnh saùng. alternating current to direct current

digital caliper n. slide-type caliper for charging the battery: Ñioát.
with digital read out: Thöôùc keïp dip v. to switch (headlights) to the
hieän soá lower beam: baät sang ñeøn coát.
z digital frequency control z dipped beam n. lower beam
(DFC) n. system which directed at the road closer to the
automatically stabilizes and/ or front of the vehicle than the main
tunes the frequency of a selected beam in order not to dazzle drivers
radio station: Heä thoáng doø ñaøi töï of oncoming vehicles, and also to
ñoäng (radio) the near side to illuminate the side
z digital speedometer n. of the road; achieved by switching
speedometer which only has a to a second filament in the
digital display of the current headlight bulb which is closer to
speed, with no dial: Ñoàng hoà toác the upper half of the reflector: ñeøn
ñoä hieän soá. coát.
dimmer (control) n. device giving (NOTE: US English is low beam)
gradual fading of brightness, e.g. z dipper (switch) n. = DIP-
for the instrument panel SWITCH: Coâng taéc ñeøn coát.
illumination: Cô caáu chænh ñoä z dipping mirror n. mirror
saùng cuûa ñeøn (tableau) reducing annoying dazzle from the
z dimmer (switch) n. US = DIP- headlights of following vehicles
SWITCH: Coâng taéc pha - coát. which consists typically of two
DIN (short for) German Industrial glass panes, one a mirror and one
Norm: German Industrial clear, the clear glass being tilted
Standard(s): Tieâu chuaån coâng by moving a small control under
nghieäp Ñöùc. the mirror which then deflects the
z DIN bhp = officially obsolete headlight glare downwards:
unit of measurement for engine Göông giaûm choùi (töø ñeøn xe chaïy
power, but still frequent in sau)
everyday usage, the measurement z dipswitch n. switch usually
method being comparable to SAE incorporated in the control stalk
net bhp: Coâng suaát ñoäng cô theo but sometimes foot-operated,
tieâu chuaån coâng nghieäp Ñöùc. which changes the headlights from
dinging n. (principally US) main to dipped beam (and vice
straightening a damaged panel versa): Coâng taéc chuyeån ñoåi pha
using hammer and dolly to bring it - coát
back into shape, after initial (NOTE: US English is dimmer
roughing out: Söï goø, naén laïi. switch)
diode n. solid-state electronic device dipstick n. metal rod which when
that allows the passage of an pushed home on its seating enters
electric circuit in one direction the oil with its bottom end, so that
only, used in alternators to change when withdrawn it indicates the

94
dipstick tube disc brake

level of the oil: Caây ño möïc daàu tieáp

boâi trôn directional stability n. vehicle’s
z dipstick tube = tube on the ability to continue moving in a
engine block or gearbox which straight line with a minimum of
holds the dipstick: OÁng giöõ que ño steering control, even under
möïc daàu. adverse conditions such as
direct-acting shock absorber = crosswinds: Söï oån ñònh höôùng di
TELESCOPIC SHOCK chuyeån.
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm chaán kieåu z directional tread pattern n.
oáng loàng tyre tread pattern designed to
z direct current (DC) n. electric rotate in one direction only: Hoa
current flowing in one direction gai (voû xe) theo moät höôùng
only: Doøng ñieän moät chieàu direction indicator n. winking signal
(NOTE: opposite is alternating light on either side of the vehicle
current) at front and rear used to indicate
z direct damage n. damage that the driver is about to turn right
caused directly by the impact of an or left: Ñeøn baùo tín hieäu höôùng
obstacle, i.e. more or less the queïo, ñeøn baùo reõ
damage in the actual impact area: z direction indicator warning
Söï hö hoûng khi ñuïng tröïc tieáp light = light on the instrument
vaøo chöôùng ngaïi vaät panel which flashes when the
(NOTE: opposite is indirect indicators are being operated;
damage) usually in the shape of a green
z direct drive n. transmission arrow: Ñeøn baùo reõ baûng tableau.
mode in which engine, gearbox z direction of rotation n.
and propeller shaft rotate at the direction in which a wheel, shaft or
same speed, bypassing the similar turns: Chieàu quay.
reducing stages of the gearbox: Söï z direction of travel n. direction
truyeàn ñoäng tröïc tieáp (ñoäng cô in which a vehicle is traveling:
vaø truïc hoäp soá cuøng toác ñoä) Höôùng ñi (cuûa xe)
z direct ignition (system) (DIS) disabled a. (a) (of vehicle) unable to
n. = DISTRIBUTOR LESS be driven due to a breakdown or
IGNITION (SYSTEM): (Heä accident damage: Khoâng hoaït
thoáng) ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp ñoäng ñöôïc (vì hö)
z direct injection n. fuel injection (b) (of driver) lacking the use of a
directly into the combustion limb: Söï thuï ñoäng (cuûa taøi xeá)
chamber, especially in diesel z disassemble v. = DISMANTLE:
engines, and requiring very high Thaùo rôøi.
injection system pressure to disc n. flat circular plate as used for
overcome the pressure inside the instance in disc brakes and some
combustion chamber at the time of clutches: Maâm, ñóa.
injection: Söï phun nhieân lieäu tröïc z disc brake n. brake in which

95
four-wheel disc brakes disengage

brake pads, in a vice-like caliper z discharging current n. current

which is either mounted on the hub supplied by a storage cell or
in order to slow it down or to stop battery, whose direction is
it: Phanh ñóa opposite to that of the charging
z four-wheel disc brakes = disc current: Doøng ñieän phoùng.
brakes fitted to both front and rear discolour v. to alter the colour of (a
wheels: Phanh ñóa boán baùnh. finish, metal, etc.) to a colour
z disc brake gauge = tool for which is not wanted: Laøm leäch
measuring thickness, wear, and maøu (sôn).
score depth on brake discs: Duïng disconnect v. to remove the
cuï ñoä moøn ñóa phanh. connection to (a mechanical or
z US disc brake rotor = BRAKE electrical device): Caét rôøi, ngaét
DISC: Ñóa phanh. ra.
discharge 1 v. (a) to lose or give out z disconnect the battery =
electric current, as from a battery: remove the battery terminals:
Phoùng ñieän Thaùo coïc aéc quy.
(b) to pour out (a liquid) as from a disc sander n. round, rubber disc
pump: Ñaåy ra. powered by an electric drill and
2 n. giving out of electric current covered with abrasive paper for
or pouring out of liquid: Söï phoùng rough sanding work: Ñóa maøi.
ñieän, söï chaûy ra. z disc valve n. type of rotary
z discharged battery = flat valve that allows the passage of
battery: AÉc quy bò phoùng ñieän. fluid through an arc-shaped slot:
z discharge indicator n. = Van daïng ñóa.
BATTERY DISCHARGE z disc wheel n. simple, most
INDICATOR: Ñeøn baùo saïc. common form of wheel on
z discharge pipe n. outlet pipe of passenger cars and light
a pump: Ñöôøng oáng ra commercial vehicles, consisting of
z discharge pressure n. a pressed steel disc the centre of
pressure exerted in a liquid which is bolted to the hub, and
pumped, expressed in psi: Aùp suaát which has fixed to its periphery,
ra (bôm) the rim serving as a seat for the
z discharge rate n. amount of tyre: Maâm baùnh xe.
current discharged, expressed in disengage v. to move (a gear, dog
amps: Toác ñoä phoùng ñieän. clutch, etc.) so that it is no longer
z discharge side n. = OUTLET in mesh with another matching
SIDE: Beân xaû. part: Taùch ra, taùch ly hôïp
z discharge valve n. valve on z to disengage the clutch = to let
the outlet side of a reciprocating out the clutch by pressing on the
pump: Van xaû, van ra (bôm clutch pedal, so that there is no
piston) connection between the engine
(NOTE: opposite is suction valve) and the gearbox: Caét ly hôïp.

96
dished dished

dished a. offset so that the centre (of a the centrifugal advance

wheel or similar) is not in line with mechanism and the contact
the rim, but recessed: Loõm loøng breaker: Thaân boä chia ñieän.
maâm baùnh xe z distributor cam = cam at the
disk n. = DISC top of the distributor shaft with as
dismantle v. to take (a car, engine, many lobes as there are cylinders,
etc.) to pieces: Thaùo rôøi caùc boä acting on the heel of the contact
phaän (xe, ñoäng cô). breaker arm: Cam ñoäi vít löûa
displacement n. term used particularly z distributor cap = removable
in America for cubic capacity: cover of the distributor, having a
Dung tích xylanh high-voltage centre tower for the
z displacement volume = SWEPT lead from the coil, and as many
VOLUME: Theå tích xylanh. regularly spaced outer towers as
distance piece n. part such as a collar there are cylinders, each of these
placed between two parts to keep corresponding to a contact on the
them the correct distance apart: inside of the cap and receiving the
OÁng keïp ñònh vò HT lead for one of the sparking
distilled water n. especially pure plugs on the outside: Naép boä chia
water that has been freed of ñieän (naép Delco)
dissolved or suspended solids and z distributor clamp = clamp
organisms by distillation, used, for which holds the distributor in
example, to top up batteries: Nöôùc position, and which can be
caát. loosened in order to turn the
distortion n. bending and twisting out distributor relative to its shaft to
of shape: Söï meùo moù adjust the ignition timing: Keïp giöõ
distributor n. assembly which (chaân) boä chia ñieän.
distributes the ignition voltage z distributor rotor (arm) =
generated in the ignition coil to the ROTOR ARM: Moû queït chia ñieän
sparking plugs in the firing order (con quay)
of the engine: Boä chia ñieän z distributor shaft = drive shaft
(Delco) to the distributor that rotates at haft
z distributor baseplate = fixed engine speed and has at its top end
plate in the body of the distributor the distributor cam and rotor arm:
on which the contact breaker or Truïc boä chia ñieän (truïc Delco)
triggering device is mounted, and z distributor tower =
through the centre of which the TERMINAL TOWER: Ñieän cöïc
distributor shaft passes: Maâm vít trung taâm treân naép boä chia ñieän.
löûa. z distributor weight = one of the
z distributor body = bowl-like weights used in a centrifugal
part containing the distributor shaft advance mechanism: Quaû ly taâm
with the rotor arm at its top end, (ñaùnh löûa sôùm)
and, in the conventional version, z dished = wrench

97
distributorless ignition (system) domestic

designed for loosening and DIY (short for) do-it-yourself: Töï

tightening the distributor clamp laøm, töï söûa chöõa.
bolts and/ or lock nuts, when z DIY mechanic = unqualified
adjusting, removing or installing person who does his own repairs
distributors: Côø leâ duøng cho boä on his car: Ngöôøi söûa chöõa xe
chia ñieän (chænh löûa) mình
z distributorless ignition dlr (short for) dealer: Ñaïi lyù.
(system) (DIS or DLI) n. dog guard n. grid made of tubular bars
electronic ignition system without or wire mesh to keep a dog in the
a conventional rotating distributor, luggage compartment of an estate
using multi-spark ignition coils or or hatchback: Boä giöõ ngaøm (coáp
one ignition coil per sparking plug: xe)
(Heä thoáng) ñaùnh löûa khoâng coù boä z dogleg pillar n. = C-PILLAR:
chia ñieän Truï ñôõ khung cöõa sau.
dive n. = BRAKE DIVE: Söï phanh z dogleg section = irregular
bò chuùi. shaped part of the leading edge of
diversification n. varying and the rear quarter panel of a four-
extending a firm’s range of models door saloon along the wheel
and products: Söï ña daïng hoùa (xe) cutout and up to the waistline:
divert v. to make (air, a liquid, traffic, Phaàn uoán khuùc.
etc.) follow a different course: DOHC or dohc = DOUBLE
Laøm chuyeån höôùng (khoâng khí, OVERHEAD CAMSHAFTS: Hai
chaát loûng, xe coä) truïc cam treân naép maùy.
z diversion n. alternative route dolly n. (a) metalworking tool,
which traffic has to follow due to available in a variety of shapes
closure of a stretch of road for and sizes, comprising a curved
repairs, etc.: Söï chuyeån loä trình polished block of cast iron or
khaùc vì söûa ñöôøng forged steel, used to assist in
divided propeller shaft or propshaft forming three-dimensional shapes
n. propeller shaft, usually in long and in straightening dented panels,
chassis rear-wheel drive vehicles, usually by holding the dolly behind
which is divided into two section the metal to be shaped and
with a bearing and CV joint hammering the metal: Caùc ñe (ñeå
mounted on a chassis cross laøm ñoàng xe)
member at the central point: Truïc (b) trolley that supports the front
phaân phoái. wheels when a disabled vehicle is
divider n. measuring tool with two being towed: Khung ñôõ baùnh
straight pointed arms used to mark tröôùc (khi keùo xe)
off and transfer measurements, dome lamp n. US dome-shaped
e.g. on sheet metal or other metal interior light: Ñeøn mui xe
components: Duïng cuï ño söï leäch domestic a. (of product) made in the
höôùng. country in question: Noäi ñòa (xe)

98
donor car door pillar switch

(NOTE: opposite is foreign) z door glass n. glass pane filling

donor car n. car from which parts the top half of a door, which can be
are used to repair another one of lowered and raised: Kính cöûa.
the same type or to build a special z door handle n. interior or
or kit car: Xe ñeå thaùo phuï tuøng exterior handle for opening a door:
thay theá Tay naém môû cöûa.
door n. hinged panel or flap z door hinge n. part by which the
allowing access or exit: Cöûa xe. door is attached with a pivot to the
z five-door version = hatchback door pillar, and which allows it to
version with two doors either side swing open or shut: Baûn leà cöûa.
and a rear tailgate: Kieåu xe 5 cöûa. z door hold-open spring n.
z door alignment n. accuracy of spring fitted to door hinges to
fitting of the door in the door provide a spring load to keep the
aperture: Söï caân chænh cöûa. door in an open position: Loø xo
z door aperture n. opening into giöõ cöûa môû.
which the door fits: Khung cöûa. z door latch n. part of the door
z door beam n. = SIDE lock which contacts the striker
IMPACT BAR: Thanh caûn phía plate as the door is closed, and
cöûa. springs back when the door is fully
z door bottom n. lower door shut to hold it in the closed
area, both of the door skin and of position: Choát cöûa.
the door frame, also the narrow z door lock n. mechanism for
horizontal lower panel of the door opening and closing the door, with
frame that incorporates the drain a lockable cylinder for holding the
holes: Beä cöûa. door closed until opened by a key:
z door capping n. moulding Cô caáu khoùa cöûa.
between the door trim panel and z door lock de-icer = fluid,
the window glass: Roong cöûa. usually in an aerosol, for melting
z door check arm or strap n. ice in a door lock: Chaát laøm tan
device which controls the full open baêng loã khoùa cöûa.
and holding positions of a door and z door mirror n. exterior, door-
prevents it from being opened too mounted, rear-view mirror;
far: Baûng giaèng cöûa khoâng cho nowadays adjustable from inside
môû lôùn the car: Göông chieáu haäu treân
z door frame n. (a) bare cöûa.
skeleton of the door to which the z door pillar or post n. one of
door skin and door trim are fitted the vertical members of the body
(b) DOOR APERTURE: Khung shell ahead of and behind the
cöûa. doors, which also support the roof
z door gap n. gap all round the structure and reinforce the body as
edge of the door: Khe hôû meùp a whole : Truï choáng cöûa.
cöûa. z door pillar switch = small

99
door pocket double-decker (bus)

switch, typically in the lower section forming the door aperture:

portion of the A-pillar, whose main Ñöôøng vieàn bao quanh cöûa.
function is to switch on the z door trim (panel) n. panel
courtesy lighting when the door is covered in vinyl or other material
opened: Coâng taéc cöûa (ñeøn) and fitted to the inside of the door:
z door pocket n. container now Taám boïc cöûa (beân trong)
usually mounted on, rather than z door well n. cavity enclosed by
in,the door trim, for maps, dusters, the door frame, door skin and trim
cloths, etc.: Hoäc nhoû treân cöûa panel, containing the window
(ñöïng baûn ñoà …) winding mechanism and into which
z door protector n. strip of the window glass is lowered: cöûa
rubber or plastic which fits over xe.
the edge of the door to protect it DOT (short for) (a) GB Department
from damage when opened of Transport : Boä Giao thoâng
carelessly: Ñeäm cao su baûo veä (b) US Department of
cöûa. Transportation
z door seal n. weather-strip fitted z DOT 4 (brake fluid) = brake
to the door surround to form a seal fluid made to a particularly high
when the door is closed: Ñeäm laøm specification: daàu phanh
kín cöûa. z DOT code = code on tyre
z door shut (face) n. edges of a sidewalls made up of the letters
door which are not visible from the and numbers giving information on
outside or inside when the door is the production date of a tyre: Maõ
shut: Caùi meùp cöûa. ghi ngaøy saûn xuaát treân voû xe
z door sill n. = SILL: Ngöôõng double-acting n. (of a shock absorber
cöûa. or pump) having a piston with
z door skin n. large sheet metal fluid on both sides so that in a
panel of the door visible from the pump one piston end performs the
outside: Taám cöûa (phaàn theùp) suction stroke while the other
z door speaker n. loudspeaker discharges the liquid, and in a
for a car stereo mounted in the shock absorber both upward and
door trim: Loa ñöôïc ñaët taïi cöûa. downward movements are
z door stay n. device incorporated damped: Taùc duïng keùp (bôm
in door hinges that keeps the door hoaëc giaûm xoùc)
in an open position and prevents it z double-barrel carburetor n. =
from closing under its own weight: TWIN-CHOKE CARBURETOR:
Baûng giaèng cöûa giöõ cho cöûa môû. Boä cheá hoøa khí hai hoïng khueách
z door step n. top part of the outer taùn.
sill, visible when the door is z double-decker (bus) n. bus with
opened: Baäc cöûa. two decks or storeys, used mainly
z door surround n. faces of the in large owns: Xe buyùt 2 taàng
door step, door pillars and roof hoaëc 2 khoang

100
double-declutch doughnut coupling

z double-declutch or US double- the exhaust valves: Hai truïc cam

clutch v. to change gear using the treân naép maùy.
following technique: declutch, (NOTE: also called twin overhead
move the gear lever into neutral, camshafts)
let in the clutch, press the z double overhead camshaft
accelerator (when changing down) engine = engine with two
to raise the engine and gearbox overhead camshafts, a relatively
rpm to the level needed in the costly arrangement used on high
lower gear, let out the clutch again performance engines: Ñoäng cô hai
quickly and move the gear lever truïc cam treân naép maùy.
into the lower gear (before the z double - pivot steering n.
gearbox shaft rpm drop too far); steering in which the steered
when changing up there is no need wheels are pivoted on kingpins,
to depress the accelerator when in which is the usual arrangement on
neutral, but it is often necessary to motor vehicles: Heä thoáng laùi 2
pause in order to let the gearbox baùnh
shaft speed drop to the right level: z double reduction gearing n.
Nhaû soá keùp. gearing in which the ratio is
z double-ended spanner n. open- reduced in two stages, used
ended or ring spanner with jaws or especially in heavy goods
rings at both ends for two different vehicles: Boä baùnh raêng giaûm toác
sizes of hexagon: Côø leâ 2 ñaàu. keùp
z double filament bulb n. light z double roller chain n. =
bulb with two filaments, either a DUPLEX CHAIN: Xích con laên
headlamp bulb with one for the keùp.
main beam and another above it z double-tube shock absorber n.
for the dipped beam, or a stop and older design of hydraulic shock
tail light bulb with one for the absorber using two concentric
brake light and one for the rear tubes, one serving as the working
light: Boùng ñeøn 2 tim. cylinder, the other as the reservoir:
z double helical gear n. gear with Boä giaûm chaán keùp.
two rows of inclined teeth, each z double wishbone suspension n.
forming an open V or chevron: form of independent suspension
Baùnh raêng coù raêng hình chöõ V. most frequently used at the front of
(NOTE: also called herringbone a vehicle, with upper and lower
gear) wishbones of equal length: Heä
z double hexagon socket n. = 12- thoáng treo caùnh tay ñoøn keùp.
POINT SOCKET: Ñai oác 12 caïnh. doughnut coupling or joint n. flexible
z double overhead camshafts coupling made of rubber and
(DOC, DOHC) n. two camshafts shaped like a ring doughnut, used
mounted on the cylinder head, one for instance between the front of
operating the inlet valves and one the propeller shaft and the

101
dowel (pin) draining tray

gearbox: Khôùp noái meàm (coù tailgate: Truï ñôõ khung cöûa phía
ñeämcao su) cöûa haäu.
dowel (pin) n. pin projecting from one drag 1 v. (of clutch) to fail to
of two mating surfaces which fits disengage completely; (of brakes)
into a corresponding hole in the to fail to come off completely
other, to ensure correct location when the brake pedal is released:
during assembly: Choát ñònh vò; Tröôït (ly hôïp), troâi (phanh).
then nhoû ñeå gaøi. 2 n. (a) = CLUTCH DRAG (b) =
down draught carburetor n. BINDING (c) characteristic of a
carburetor with a vertical barrel, at car body, indicating the resistance
the top of which is the air intake: which the body offers to the air
Boä cheá hoøa khí hoïng khueách taùn stream: Söùc caûn (gioù)
ñöùng. drag link n. rod which connects the
downflow radiator n. traditional type drop arm or idler arm in a steering
of vertical radiator, with header system with the steering arm: Ñoøn
tank and bottom tank and a system keùo doïc, thanh laùi.
of small tubes and cooling fins in- drag racing n. form of acceleration
between, the hot water entering at test in which two cars at a time
the top and exiting at the bottom: accelerate down a measured
Boä taûn nhieät vôùi nöôùc laøm maùt quarter-mile strip: Cuoäc kieåm tra
töø treân xuoáng. khaû naêng taêng toác cuûa xe
downforce n. downward pressure drain 1 v. to empty (the sump,
provided, for example, by a radiator, etc.) of a liquid: Xaû,
spoiler: Löïc höôùng xuoáng. thaùo.
z down pipe n. front section of 2 n. passage or piece of tube
the exhaust system connected to which takes water away from
the exhaust manifold: Coå oáng poâ. places in the bodywork where it
z downshift n. US = tends to accumulate, such as the
DOWNWARD CHANGE: Söï edge of the sunroof: OÁng xaû nöôùc.
xuoáng soá. z drain cock n. = DRAIN TAP:
z down stroke n. downward Voøi xaû bình chöùa nhieân lieäu,
movement of the piston, either the maùng daàu, bình hôi, duøng xaû bôùt
induction stroke or the power chaát baån.
stroke in the four-stroke cycle: z drain hole n. hole drilled in the
Haønh trình ñi xuoáng (piston) bottom of a box section or a door,
z downward change n. gear to allow water that has
change into a lower gear: Söï accumulated to escape so as to
xuoáng soá. prevent or delay rusting: Loã xaû
(NOTE: US English is downshift) nöôùc.
D-pillar or D-post n. rearmost z draining tray n. container used
vertical pillar in the body of an to catch oil when draining the
estate car, on either side of the sump, gearbox, etc.: Khay xaû daàu.

102
drain plug drive

z drain plug n. usually threaded z drift punch = tapered tool for

plug at the lowest point of the use with a hammer to remove and
sump, gearbox, cooling system, install pins, shafts, rivets, etc.; also
etc., which is removed in order to used to align holes when inserting
drain the oil or coolant, and screws and bolts: Caùi ñuïc, caùi ñoät.
typically has a recessed hexagon (b) = FOUR-WHEEL DRIFT
head: Nuùt xaû drill 1 n. (a) usually power-driven
z drain plug key or spanner or tool for making holes in metal,
wrench = tool for removing and wood, plastic, etc., with a chuck
tightening drain plugs, e.g. on that will accept bits of different
gearboxes and engine sumps, sizes: Maùy khoan
either as a multi-purpose tool with (b) = DRILL BIT: Muõi khoan.
a number of different drives in the 2 to make (a hole) with a drill:
form of hexagonal or square Khoan loã.
projections at the either end for z drill bit n. piece of rod with
different drain plugs, or as a spiral recesses cut in it and a
special tool for one specific size of hardened steel tip, made in
drain plug: Chìa khoùa vaën nuùt xaû. different sizes for drilling
z drain tap n. tap on the cylinder different-sized holes, and inserted
block or, on older cars, at the in the chuck of a drill: Muõi khoan.
bottom of the radiator for draining drip moulding n. moulding running
the cooling system: Voøi xaû along either side of the roof,
draught n. unpleasant current of air functioning as a gutter to take
intruding into the interior of a car: water to the front or rear of the
Söï thieáu gioù gaây ngoät ngaït trong car, and prevent it from dripping
xe into the car when the door is
drawbar n. two converging bars opened: Raõnh thoaùt nöôùc.
forming a V- or an A-frame at the (NOTE: US English is drip rail)
front of a trailer or caravan, which drivability n. general operating
carry the coupling for attachment characteristics of a vehicle, usually
to the towing vehicle: Thanh keùo rated from good to poor, and of
dress v. to give (a rough surface, concern to the average driver, such
flanges, etc.) the right shape by as flexibility and smoothness,
grinding or a similar process: Maøi acceleration, ease of starting and
giuõa, maøi nhaün. quick warm-up, as well as handling
drier n. (a) = DEHUMIDIFIER (b) = and comfort: Tính naêng vaän haønh
DRYING OVEN: Maùy saáy, maùy cuûa xe
laøm khoâ z drivable a. (of a vehicle) in a
drift n. (a) piece of bar or a punch state in which it can be driven: coù
used with a hammer to drive theå chaïy
components in and out of place for z drive 1 v. (a) to travel in a car:
removal and installation: Caùi ñuïc Chaïy xe

103
drive belt drive pinion

(b) to control and guide (a drive of sockets for the turning

vehicle): Laùi xe operation: Caàn sieát
(c) to make (a wheel, shaft, etc.) drive layout n. configuration of
turn or rotate; to propel (a engine, gearbox and driven
vehicle): Laøm quay axle(s): Phaàn ñoäng löïc cuûa xe
(d) the position (D) on the gear bao goàm: ñoäng cô, hoäp soá, laùp.
selector of an automatic gearbox z driveline n. = DRIVE TRAIN:
for the forward gears: Tay soá D. Ñöôøng truyeàn löïc
2 n. (a) journey in a car: Söï laùi xe. z drive module n.
(b) means of transmitting power interchangeable unit providing
or motion: Söï truyeàn ñoäng. motive power, either in the form of
z a petrol-driven generator = a an electric motor and ancillaries,
generator for which the motive or an internal combustion engine
force is a petrol engine: Maùy phaùt with all necessary components, for
ñieän keùo baèng ñoäng cô xaêng. alternative use in the same vehicle
z drive belt n. belt passing round according to needs and conditions:
two or more pulleys, transmitting Module truyeàn ñoäng.
motion from one to the other(s): z drive motor n. electric motor
ñai truyeàn ñoäng . providing motive power in an
z drive chain n. chain passing electric vehicle Ñoäng cô ñieän
round two or more sprockets, trong xe ñieän
transmitting motion from one to z driven a. made to rotate by the
the other(s): Xích truyeàn ñoäng . engine or some other source of
z drive end n. end of an motive power: Bò daãn, bò ñoäng.
alternator, dynamo, etc., where the z driven axle or wheels = axle or
pulley or gear accepting the drive wheels to which power is
is situated: Ñaàu daãn ñoäng. transmitted to drive the vehicle:
z drive end bracket = cover Caàu xe hay baùnh xe bò ñoäng.
housing the bearing at the drive z driven plate = central clutch
end of an alternator, dynamo, etc.: plate carrying clutch linings and
Naép che phía daãn ñoäng cuûa maùy held under pressure between the
phaùt flywheel and the pressure plate
z drive gear n. gearwheel when the clutch pedal is released,
transmitting the drive on a and transmitting power to the
component such as an oil pump: gearbox input shaft via splines:
Baùnh raêng daãn ñoäng, baùnh raêng Ñóa bò ñoäng (ly hôïp)
chuû ñoäng. z drive pinion n. small bevel gear
drive handle n. tool, typically in the on either side of the differential in
form of a bar, for turning sockets mesh with the two differential
to loosen and tighten nuts and pinions, and into the centre of
bolts, with a male square drive to which one of the axle shafts fits:
be inserted into the female square Baùnh raêng nhoû daãn ñoäng (caàu)

104
drive plate driving license

z drive plate n. light plate bolted use with a socket spanner,

to the crankshaft to which the including the drive handle: Caàn
torque converter is attached in a sieát
vehicle with automatic z drive train n. combination of all
transmission: Ñóa gaén bieán moâ power-transmitting components
z drive pulley n. pulley round from the clutch via the gearbox
which a belt passes for transmitting and propeller shaft, if any, to the
power: Puli daãn ñoäng final drive and axle shafts: Toå hôïp
driver n. (a) person driving a vehicle: töø hoäp soá ñeán laùp
Taøi xeá (NOTE: also called power train)
(b) driver-type drive handle for z driveway n. short drive, often
use with sockets: Caàn sieát leading to a garage: Chaïy vaøo
driver air bag n. original type of nhaø ñeå xe
air bag, designed to protect the driving 1 a. providing motive power,
driver from being hurled into the making a gear, shaft, etc. rotate:
steering wheel and instrument Daãn ñoäng, truyeàn ñoäng
panel: Tuùi khí baûo veä taøi xeá. 2 n. control of a moving vehicle:
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Söï laùi xe.
Agency (DVLA) n. section of the z driving axle or wheels = axle or
Department of Transport wheels responsible for propelling
responsible for keeping records of the vehicle (which are in fact the
all registered vehicles, and issuing same as the driven axle or
registrations and licenses for wheels): Truïc hay baùnh xe chuû
vehicles as well as driving licenses ñoäng
for drivers: Phoøng caáp baèng laùi z driving gear = DRIVE GEAR:
driver error n. mistake or mistakes Baùnh raêng daãn ñoäng.
made by the driver, especially as z driving conditions n. situation
the cause of an accident: Loãi do created by the amount of traffic,
taøi xeá. the weather and state of the roads:
drive shaft n. (a) any shaft Ñieàu kieän laùi xe.
transmitting power, especially the z driving habits n. personal
jointed shaft between the behaviour at the wheel, including
differential and the road wheel in typical speeds under certain
a de Dion or fully independent circumstances, frequency, timing
rear suspension layout (b) US = and smoothness of gear charges,
PROPELLER SHAFT: Truïc use of the brakes and so on: Thoùi
chính, truïc chuû ñoäng quen laùi xe.
z drive sprocket n. sprocket z driving license n. document
round which a chain passes for which allows the holder to drive a
transmitting power: Baùnh xích chuû certain type or types of vehicle,
ñoäng and is the only document required
z drive tool n. any accessory for to be carried by the driver in

105
driving lamp dry galvanizing

Britain: Baèng laùi xe. BASE RIM: Raõnh loõm nieàng xe.
z driving lamp = SPOT LAMP: z drophead 1 n. =
Ñeøn laùi. CONVERTIBLE: Xe mui xeáp.
z driving mirror n. rear-view 2 a. having a folding hood which
mirror either in the interior of the can be raised or lowered over the
car or mounted on the outside of passenger compartment: Mui xeáp.
the front doors: Kính chieáu haäu z drophead coupeù (dhc) =
z driving position n. position in elegant style of body mainly seen
which the driver sits at the steering on classic cars, with two wide
wheel, influenced by distance from doors and a large hood with no
the controls, angle of the seat windows in the side and only a
back, etc.: Vò trí ngoài cuûa taøi xeá small window at the rear: Xe hôi
z driving style n. manner in hai cöûa mui xeáp.
which one handles a car: Caùch laùi z droptop n. (informal) =
xe, kieåu laùi xe. CONVERTIBLE: Mui xeáp.
z a sporty driving style = drum n. circular container, especially
includes taking corners fast, a brake drum: Caùi troáng (phanh)
braking and accelerating hard, z drum brake = brake in which
using high revs in every gear and curved brake shoes press against
changing down before corners: the inner circumference of a metal
Caùch laùi kieåu theå thao. drum to produce the braking
drop n. sudden reduction (of pressure, action: Phanh troáng
voltage, etc.): Söï haï xuoáng ñoät dry 1 v. to lose or make lose its
ngoät. wetness: Saáy, laøm khoâ.
z drop arm n. usually vertical 2 a. not wet (of bearing, etc.)
arm fitted to the outer end of the lacking lubricant: Khoâ, thieáu daàu
rocker shaft of a steering box, boâi trôn.
whose bottom end is connected to z dry liner or sleeve = cylinder
the drag link which it pulls back or liner or sleeve which is not contact
pushes forward when the steering with the coolant: OÁng loùt khoâ
wheel is turned: Ñoøn quay (laùi) (xylanh)
(NOTE: US English is pitman z dry clutch n. = SINGLE-
arm) PLATE CLUTCH: Ly hôïp khoâ, ly
z drop-centre axle n. beam axle hôïp moät ñóa.
in which the main central portion z dry galvanizing n. hot-dip
of the beam is lower than the galvanizing method in which the
wheel centres, which was the usual metal components are first
layout for front axles until immersed in a solution of flux and
independent front suspension then dried, so that they become
became almost universal: Truïc precoated with a thin film of flux,
(caàn) loõm which melts in the zinc bath, to
z drop-centre rim = WELL- which certain metals, such as tin

106
drying oven Dubonnet suspension

and aluminium, may be added to separated by a central reserve:

give fluidity, and in the case of tin, Hai laøn xe.
brightness: Phöông phaùp maï khoâ. z dual-circuit braking system n.
(NOTE: opposite is wet hydraulic braking system that
galvanizing) provides two separate,
z drying oven n. enclosure independent hydraulic circuits,
where car bodies are subjected to each acting on two wheels: Heä
heat in order to dry and/ or bake on thoáng phanh hai maïch rieâng bieät.
the paintwork: Loø saáy. z dual controls n. second set of
z dry joint n. faulty electrical controls for use by a driving
joint which does not in contact with instructor when teaching someone
the coolant: Moái noái khoâ. to drive: Söï ñieàu khieån keùp
(NOTE: opposite is wet liner) z dual exhaust system n. = TWIN
dry sump lubrication n. main EXHAUST SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
lubrication of an engine supplied khí xaû keùp.
from a separate oil tank, the sump z dual ignition system n. = TWIN
containing no oil while the engine IGNITION: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
is operating; a common feature of keùp (boâbin ñoâi)
motorcycle and racing car engines: z dual-line braking system n.
Söï boâi trôn ñoäng cô baèng bình braking system in which towing
nhôùt rieâng vehicle and trailer are connected
dry weight n. weight of a vehicle by two or more brake lines: Heä
without any fuel, oil, or coolant: thoáng phanh vôùi ñöôøng oáng keùp
Troïng löôïng khoâ, troïng löôïng (xe ñaàu keùo)
tónh. z dual-piston engine n. = TWIN-
dual 1 a. comprising two parts, PISTON ENGINE: Ñoäng cô pít
which are often identical: Keùp, toâng ñoâi
ñoâi. z dual-piston master cylinder =
2 v. to convert (a single TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER:
carriageway road) into dual Xylanh caùi vôùi pittoâng keùp
carriageway: Chuyeån moät laøn xe (phanh)
thaønh hai laøn xe. z dual-range gearbox n.
z dual-acting n. = DOUBLE- gearbox in a four-wheel drive
ACTING: Phaûn öùng keùp. vehicle with two sets of ratios,
z dual-bed catalytic converter n. usually a higher set for road use
catalytic converter which and a lower set for off-road use:
combines two converters (with Hoäp soá hai toác ñoä.
different catalysts) in a single z dual-tone horn n. = TWO-
housing: Boä xuùc taùc 2 ngaên. TONE HORN: Coøi hai gioïng.
z dual carriageway n. road with Dubonnet suspension n. independent
two separate lanes for traffic front suspension and steering
traveling in different directions, arrangement used in the 1930s and

107
duct dwell-angle map
’40s, in which the axle beam is absorbers, also for constants
rigidly attached to the vehicle velocity joints: Chuïp buïi (phanh,
frame, and suspension arms, from giaûm xoùc …)
which the wheels are mounted on z dust cap n. = VALVE CAP:
stub axles Dubonnet: Heä thoáng Naép, noùn chuïp che buïi, ngaên buïi
treo Dubonnet. baùm vaøo boä phaän ñöôïc che.
duct n. passage in square-section or z dust cover n. any cover for
tubular form for ventilation, excluding dust and dirt: Voû chaén
heating or cables: OÁng daãn (khí, buïi.
daây) z dust sheet n. sheet for covering
ductile a. (of a metal) which can be a car when in a garage and not in
bent, hammered, or drawn out into use: Taám boïc xe.
wire or sheet without fracturing: z dust shield n. = SPLASH
Meàm deã uoán, deã keùo. SHIELD: Chaén buïi.
z ductility n. ability of a material z DVLC = DRIVER AND
to undergo stretching or bending VEHICLE LICENSING CENTRE
without fracturing: Tính meàm, dwell n. (a) in a contact breaker
tính deã keùo, tính deã uoán. ignition system, the angle in
dull a. (of a finish) not shiny: Ñuïc, degrees of distributor shaft rotation
môø. during which the contact breaker
dummy n. stuffed figure made to points remain closed; the smaller
look like a human being, used, for the contact gap, the larger the
instance, when testing cars to dwell (angle), which determines
destruction: Ngöôøi noäm, hình the charging time of the ignition
nhaân (duøng khi thöû nghieäm xe) coil: Goùc ngaäm.
z dump valve n. valve for (NOTE: also called dwell angle)
relieving pressure, such as that (b) in a breakerless ignition
between the turbocharger and the system, the time during which the
carburetor in some systems: Van electronic control unit allows
xaû, van thaùo current to flow through the primary
duo-servo brake n. servo brake with winding of the coil, which in
one double-end wheel cylinder ignition systems with a Hall
and two linked self-energizing generator is determined by the
brake shoes: Boä trôï löïc phanh width of the vanes: Thôøi gian
keùp. ngaäm
duplex chain n. chain with two rows of z dwell-angle control n. system
rollers, used especially for timing ensuring that dwell is sufficient for
chains: Xích ñoâi. all engine conditions: Söï ñieàu
durability n. ability to last a long time: khieån goùc ngaäm.
Söï beàn, tính beàn, ñoä beàn zdwell-angle map = characteristic
dust boot n. concertina-like rubber map for electronic dwell-angle
cover for pushrods, e.g. on brake control, ependent on engine speed
master cylinders and shock and battery voltage: Baûn ñoà goùc

108
dwell meter dynastart(er)

ngaäm. due to the stroboscopic effect, and

z dwell meter n. instrument for indicating ignition advance or
measuring the dwell angle: Thieát retard by its position in front of or
bò ño goùc ngaäm. behind the fixed timing mark:
z dwell period n. period during Phöông phaùp caân löûa ñoäng.
which the primary circuit is closed (NOTE: also called stroboscopic
and primary current flows through ignition timing; opposite is static
the ignition coil, given in ignition timing)
crankshaft or distributor shaft z dynamic imbalance n. lack of
degrees and therefore also called balance in a rotating part such as a
dwell angle: Thôøi gian ngaäm. wheel, which can cause vibration
DWS (system) n. deflation warning and judder: Söï maát caân baèng
system developed by Dunlop for ñoäng.
on-line detection of tyre pressure z dynamic seal n. oil seal
loss, which since tyre pressure loss between a moving and a stationary
reduces tyre circumference and part: Ñeäm di ñoäng.
increase wheel rpm, uses the (NOTE: opposite is static seal)
wheel speed sensors of an existing dynamo n. electrical generator driven
ABS system to continuously by the engine and producing direct
monitor wheel speed and tyre current, to charge the battery and
condition, any defects triggering a thus feed the electrical circuits:
warning signal DWS: Heä thoáng Maùy phaùt ñieän moät chieàu
caûnh baùo xì voû cuûa haûng Dunlop (NOTE: US English is (DC)
dynamic balancing n. method of generator)
balancing wheels and other dynamometer n. machine for
rotating components such as measuring the power output of an
crankshafts, using a machine engine, either directly or at the
which spins the component and driven wheels: Baêng thöû coâng
detects any running out of true suaát ñoäng cô thoâng qua baùnh xe
which indicates imbalance: Söï caân dynastart(er) n. combined dynamo
baèng ñoäng and starter used on some cars in
(NOTE: opposite is static the 1920s and ’30s, and more
balancing) recently on two-stroke
z dynamic ignition timing n. motorcycles: Maùy phaùt keát hôïp
modern timing procedure using a maùy khôûi ñoäng.
timing light which is controlled by
the ignition pulse for the first
cylinder and whose flashing beam
is directed onto the timing marks,
the rotating mark appearing fixed

109
E eccentric drive

Ee

E = ECONOMY (GEAR): tieát kieäm electrical circuit, provided by an

(soá) earth connection: phaàn daây noái
EAC valve n. electronic air control mass cuûa maïch ñieän.
valve: Van ñieän ñieàu khieån toác z earth strap = piece of braided
ñoä caàm chöøng baèng ñieän töû wire for earthing the battery, with
Ear n. projection in the shape an ear, a clip for attachment to the
usually as a lug, but also as a appropriate battery terminal at one
spoiler behind the rear windows and a terminal for connecting to
to improve stability in side winds: the chassis or body at the other:
taám chaén gioù (kính sau) Daây noái mass cho aêc quy
Early fuel evaporation (EEF) system easing fluid n. = penetrating oil: Daàu
n. system that heats the inlet thaám (tan gæ)
manifold to provide a warm east–west layout n. transverse
air/fuel mixture, reducing positioning of the engine across the
condensation and improving fuel car, found in many front-wheel
evaporation, thus improving cold drive designs: Söï boá trí (ñoäng cô)
engine operation and reducing naèm ngang.
exhaust emissions: Heä thoáng laøm (NOTE: also called transverse
boác hôi nhieân lieäu. engine; opposite is north-south
earth 1 n. return part of an electrical layout)
system, which in a motor vehicle is ESA valve n. valve in an emission
provided by the metal body and control system governing the air
chassis: AÂm, mass. flow from the air pump in
2 v. to connect a circuit or a connection with the EAC valve:
component to a chassis or body van daãn khí ñeán van EAC
part, either directly or by means of eat (away) v. to corrode and remove
a wire: Noái mass the metal from: AÊn moøn.
(NOTE: US English for this is ebonite n. hard black rubber
ground) compound especially one
z earth connection = wire or containing no filler: Ebonit.
other metal strip for connecting a eccentric 1 a. amounted off-centre:
component to the vehicle chassis Leäch taâm, sai taâm.
or body: Vaät (daây) noái mass 2 n. part transmitting an eccentric
z earth electrode = side drive, such as a disc with a
electrode of a sparking plug: Ñieän provision for a drive from its outer
cöïc bìa (bougie). part, or an eccentric shaft: Söï leäch
(NOTE: opposite is centre taâm.
electrode) z eccentric drive = drive from a
z earth return = return part of an point not on the axis of the driving

110
eccentric rotor pump edge protection

shaft, e.g. from the outer part of a economical on long runs = most
disc, so that a reciprocating or up cars give better mileage per gallon
and down motion is transmitted; when driven long distances: Haàu
used in pumps or for a camshaft heát xe hôi chaïy tieát kieäm khi
drive: Söï truyeàn ñoäng leäch taâm. chaïy ñöôøng tröôøng.
z eccentric rotor pump = rotor - z economizer n. device for
type pump: Bôm quay leäch taâm. making a vehicle use less fuel,
z eccentric shaft = shaft either by regulating the flow of
transmitting an eccentric motion: fuel, or by admitting extra air to
Truïc truyeàn leäch taâm. the air/fuel mixture (especially
ECE test cycle n. 13 minute, three- when cruising): Boä phaän tieát
part test of automotive emission kieäm xaêng.
for compliance with emission z economy n. (especially low)
standards, adopted by most consumption of fuel, usually
European countries, simulating measured in miles per gallon: Tính
urban driving conditions, i.e. kinh teá nhieân lieäu (tính baèng
involving relatively long idling miles/gallon)
periods and speed below 35 mph, z turned for economy = turned to
emission characteristics at cruising use less fuel: chænh ñeå bôùt hao
speed not being considered: chu xaêng
trình kieåm tra khí thaûi chaâu AÂu z good/ bad fuel economy = low/
echelon parking n. parking with the high fuel consumption: Tính kinh
nose of the car lose to the kern and teá nhieân lieäu cao (hay thaáp).
at an angle to it: Söï ñaäu xe theo z economy device =
hình baäc thang. ECONOMIZER
ECI (short of) electrically controlled z economy jet = addition jet in a
injection: Heä thoáng phun nhieân carburetor admitting extra air to
lieäu ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän. the air/fuel mixture (especially
z ECM = ELECTRONIC when cruising): Gíc lô phuï
CONTROL MODULE: Boä ñieàu ECS (short for) electrically controlled
khieån ñieän töû. suspension: Heä thoáng treo ñieàu
ecological damage n. damage to the khieån baèng ñieän.
environment, usually in the from of ECT (short for) engine coolant
pollution, such as that caused by temperature: Nhieät ñoä nöôùc laøm
vehicle emissions: Söï phaù huûy maùt ñoäng cô.
moâi tröôøng sinh thaùi (khí thaûi) ECU = ELECTRONIC CONTROL
z ecological harmful a. damage UNIT: Boä ñieàu khieån ñieän töû,
in to the environment: Coù haïi ñeán ECU, hoäp ñen
moâi tröôøng sinh thaùi. edge binding n. tape for binding the
economical n. using only a small edges of carpets: Caïnh vieàn
amount of fuel: tieát kieäm nhieân lieäu. (thaûm)
z most cars are more z edge protection n. protection

111
Edwardian car electrical screwdriver

of edges against corrosion, e.g. by admitting exhaust gas to the inlet

weather strips: Choáng aên moøn cho manifold: Van hoài löu khí thaûi.
caùc gôø, moái noái… eight n. eighth-cylinder engine, or a
Edwardian car n. (gb) car built car fitted with one, the cylinder
between 1905 and 1918: Loaïi xe may be in-line (a straight eight ) or
töø 1905 – 1918. in a v-layout (a v-8): Ñoäng cô 8
EEC = electronic engine control: xylanh.
Ñieàu khieån ñoäng cô baèng ñieän töû. EIN = engine identification number:
EFE system n. = early fuel soá sôri ñoäng cô.
evaporation system: Heä thoáng eject v. to put or throw out: Neùm ra,
boác hôi nhieân lieäu sôùm. phun ra, ñöa ra
effective a. (a) actual rather than eject button = button on a cassette
theoretical or potential: Coù hieäu player for taking out the cassette:
quaû. Nuùt laáy baêng ra.
effective deflection = deflection of a elasticity n. ability to recover original
suspension system under a size and shape when deforming,
particular load: Ñoä voõng cuûa heä especially stretching, forces are
thoáng treo khi coù taûi released: Tính ñaøn hoài, tính co
(b) producing an effect: Coù hieäu giaõn.
quaû. elastomer n. elastic macromolecular
effective stroke = working or power material that at room temperature
stroke in a two- stroke engine: Thì returns rapidly approximately its
sinh coâng. initial dimensions and shape after
efficiency n. performance of a substantial deformation by awake
mechanical device or system, stress and release of the stress:
especially with regard to the Chaát ñaøn hoài.
amount of energy used: Hieäu suaát. elbow n. bend in a pipe: Khuyûu, choã
braking efficiency = braking effort as gaáp khuùc.
a percentage of the weight of the electric a. operated by or derived
vehicle: Hieäu suaát phanh. from electricity: Baèng ñieän, coù
EFI or EFi = electronic fuel ñieän.
injection: Heä thoáng phun xaêng electric air control valve = EAC
ñieän töû. valve
EGR = EXHAUST GAS electric air switching valve = EAS
RECIRCULATION: Söï luaân hoài valve
khí thaûi. electrical a. relating to electricity:
EGR valve = part of an EGR system Thuoäc veà ñieän.
mounted on or near the inlet electrical conductivity = ability of a
manifold and controlled by inlet material to conduct electricity:
manifold vacuum, which is usually Tính daãn ñieän.
closed at idle and low speeds, but (NOTE: opposite is resistivity )
opens during acceleration, electrical screwdriver = usually

112
electrical system electrogalvanizing

small screwdriver for use when Mui (naép capoâ) ñieàu khieån baèng
working on the electrical system, ñieän.
with a thin blade and an insulated electric windows n. windows which
handle, also sometimes an are raised and lowered by electric
insulated shank: Vít thöû ñieän. motors, and operated by switches
electrical system = combination of on the centre console or on the
all wiring circuits and electrical door: Heä thoáng kính cöûa ñieàu
units and equipment on a vehicle, khieån baèng ñieän.
with the exception of those in the (NOTE: us english is power
ignition system: Heä thoáng ñieän. windows)
electric car n. car whose motive electromechanical corrosion n.
power is provided by an electric corrosion involving at least one
motor, with the advantages of electrode reaction: Söï aên moøn cô
silence and lack of pollution, and ñieän
the disadvantages of the weight of electro coating n. = electrophoretic
the batteries and the need for painting: Sôn ñieän.
recharging after a relatively short electrode n. conductor which leads
distance: Xe ñieän. current into a gas, liquid or
electric charge n. defined quantity of vacuum, such as those in a
electricity, which may be positive, sparking plug between which the
as with protons, or negative, as spark passes to ignite the mixture:
with electrons: Ñieän tích Ñieän cöïc.
electric current n. flow of electricity electrode adjusting tool = tool used
passing through a conductor: Doøng to bend side electrodes on sparking
ñieän. plugs for gap adjustment, usually
electric fuel pump n. electrically combined with gauges for
power petrol or diesel pump, checking the gap: Duïng cuï ñieàu
drawing fuel from the bank and chænh khe hôû bougie.
delivering it to the carburetor or electrode gap = sparking plug gap:
fuel injection system: Bôm nhieân Khe hôû bougie.
lieäu baèng ñieän. electrode position n. generic
electric grid n. = electrical system: term for electrolytic processes
Heä thoáng ñieän. which a metal is deposited at the
electric mirror = external, usually cathode from a solution of its
door mirror which can be adjust ions, such as electroplating, or in
from inside the car: Göông chieáu which paint is deposited in an
haäu chænh ñieän. immersion process by mean of
electric motor n. machine which electric current: Sö phuû lôùp baèng
changes electrical energy into ñieän (sôn)
usually rotational motion: Motô electrogalvanizing n. coating of
ñieän. metal, especially iron or steel, with
electric top n. us = power hood: zinc by electroplating: Maï ñieän.

113
electrolysis electronic engine control (EEC)

electrolysis n. method by which an air-conditioning system: Ly hôïp

chemical reactions are carried out ñieän töø (ñieàu hoøa)
by passage of electric current electromotive force (EMF) n. source
through a solution of an electrolyte of electrical energy required to
or through a molten salt, e.g. in a produce an electric current,
starter battery: Phöông phaùp ñieän produced by devices such as
phaân. batteries or generators and
electrolyte n. substance which can measured in volts: Söùc ñieän ñoäng.
dissolve to yield a solution, or a electron n. negatively charged
solution itself able to conduct constituent of an atom: Ñieän töû
electric current, especially in an (electron).
electric cell or battery: Chaát ñieän electron flow = current produced by
phaân. the motion of free electrons
electrolyte level = amount of towards a positive terminal, whose
electrolyte in a car battery, which direction is the opposite to that of
must cover the top of the plates: the current: Doøng haït ñieän töû.
Möùc chaát ñieän phaân (aéc quy) electronic a. featuring semiconductors
electrolyte tester = device for (usually transistors) as an
checking electrolyte density in a operating medium: Ñieän töû.
battery, and hence its state of electronically controlled a. controlled
charge: Phuø keá. by electronic means: Ñöôïc ñieàu
electrolytic a. relating to electrolysis khieån baèng ñieän töû
or an electrolyte: Ñieän phaân. electronic cluster n. display showing
electrolytic cell = cell consisting of various functions, including
electrodes immersed in an speedometer, tachometer, gauges,
electrolyte solution for carrying out etc. using LEDs or LCD
electrolysis: Hoäc, ngaên bình (ñòeân technology displaying symbols and
phaân) bar instead of numbers: Tableau
electrolytic-corrosion = electro- ñieän töû (hieän soá)
chemical corrosion causing the (NOTE: opposite is analogue
electrolytic removal of metal: Söï cluster)
aên moøn ñieän hoùa. electronic control unit (ECU) n.
electrolytic deposition = microprocessor and memory with
electroplating: Kyõ thuaät maï ñieän. electronic maps, forming the central
electrolytic galvanizing = part of an engine management
electrogalganizing: Maï ñieän system or of subsystems such as a
electrolytic protection = cathodic fuel injection or ignition system:
protection: Söï baûo veä catoát. Cuïm ñieàu khieån ñieän töû, hoäp
electromagnetic clutch n. any clutch ECU, hoäp ñen
in with magnetic force is used to (NOTE: also called electronic
hold the drive in engagement, such (control ) module (ECM))
as that in the compressor drive of electronic engine control (EEC) n.

114
electronic fuel injection electrostatic painting or spraying

engine management system which available as a separate module to

control the ignition system and enhance transistorized ignition
various other systems, including systems: Ñieàu khieån ñaùnh löûa
the exhaust gas recirculation and sôùm baèng ñieän töû
air –injection systems: Ñieàu electronic traction control (ETC) n.
khieån ñoäng cô baèng ñieän töû. system for reducing wheel spin,
electronic fuel injection (EFI or EFi) incorporating wheel sensors: Ñieàu
n. system that injects fuel into the khieån löïc keùo baèng ñieän töû.
engine and includes an electronic electronic transmission control n.
control unit to time and meter the system or module for controlling
flow: Heä thoáng phun nhieân lieäu automatic transmission: Hoäp soá töï
baèng ñieän töû. ñoäng ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän töû.
electronic ignition system n. term electropainting n. = electrophoretic
used to designate breakerless painting: Sôn ñieän.
transistorized ignitions, electrophoretic painting n. process
transistorized ignitions with used to apply the first coat of paint
electronic spark timing, and (primer) to car body: Sôn ñieän
sometimes mapped ignition (cho lôùp sôn ñaàu tieân).
systems: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän electrophoretic primer = paint used
töû. to prime car body by the
electronic navigator n.= trip electrophoretic process: Lôùp sôn
computer: Maùy tính haønh trình ñaàu treân khung xe.
(baùo tieâu hao nhieân lieäu, löôïng electro picker n. electrical door lock
xaêng coøn, soá km ñaõ ñi…) picker (available to key services
electronic ride control n. suspension and the police only): Ñoà naïy khoùa
control system comprising cöûa ñieän (khi maát khoùa)
microprocessor controlled, electroplate v. to plate (metal ) by
electronically adjustable air shock electrodeposition: Maï ñieän.
absorbers for automatic selection electroplating n. electrodeposition of
of the optimum damping metals or alloys from suitable
characteristics depending on and electrolyte solutions, the articles to
road surface and load conditions: be plated being connected to the
Heä thoáng giaûm chaán töï ñoäng. cathode in an electrolyte solution,
electronic spark advance (ESA) n. and direct current introduced
the part of an ECU that controls through the anode of the metal to
ignition timing and dwell angle: be deposited: Kyõ thuaät maï ñieän.
Ñaùnh löûa sôùm baèng ñieän töû. electrostatic painting or spraying n.
electronic spark control (ESC) or painting method using the particle
electronic spark timing (EST) n. attracting properly of electrostatic
ignition timing by means of an charges, in which a direct current
ignition map, either integrated into of approx. 100,000 volts is applies
mapped ignition systems or to a grid of wires through which

115
electrostatic powder coating emission levels

the paint is sprayed to charge emergency brake = secondary

each particle, and the metals braking system which comes to
objects to be sprayed are operation when the main braking
connected to the opposite terminal system fails: Phanh phuï.
of the high-voltage circuit, so as to emergency inflator = aerosol can
attract the paint particles: Sôn tónh which inflates a punctured tyre
ñieän and injects sealing compound to
electrostatic powder coating (EPC) provide at least a temporary
= painting process in which the repair: Bình xòt vaù voû taïm thôøi.
outer parts of the body shell are emergency transmitter = transmitter
coated with a powder dispersion by no large than a car radio, fitted
means of cathodic immersion, and inside the vehicle which enables
in which the cavities are coated drivers to radio for help from the
with cathodic electropaint: Lôùp security of their own cars: Maùy
sôn tónh ñieän phaùt tín hieäu baùo troäm.
electrovalve n. = solenoid valve: Van emergency windscreen = sheet of
ñieän. clear plastic fitted in place of
element n. assembly of all positive broken windscreen: Taám daùn
and negative plates of a single kính vôõ
battery cell including its emery cloth n. cloth coated in emery
separators, arranged so as to start crystals for use as an abrasive on
and finish with a negative plate (so metals: Vaûi nhaùm.
that there are always negative then EMF = electromotive force
positive plates ), because the emission n. passing toxic substances
positive plates tend to distort under into the atmosphere: Phaùt xaï oâ
discharge: Aéc quy ñôn. nhieãm töø khí xaû
ellipsoidal headlight n. headlight emissions = gases and other pollutants
with a reflector which is wider than coming from the vehicle with an
it is high, and not circular, has internal combustion engine: Söï
replaced the parabolic reflector: thaûi ra chaát oâ nhieãm töø xe.
Ñeøn ñaàu daïng ellipsoid. emission control n. (a) reduction of all
embrittlement n. reduced toughness types of emission from motor
in plastic or metal caused by age, vehicles: Kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
heat or rough use: Söï gioøn cuaû (b) emission control (system ) =
nhöïa hoaëc kim loaïi trong vaän any system, device or modification
haønh. added onto or designed into a
emergency n. sudden, unexpected motor vehicle for the purpose of
occurrence, such as a breakdown reducing air-polluting emissions,
or the failure of some part, which such as catalytic converter: Heä
may be dangerous and demands thoáng kieåm soat khí xaû.
immediate action: Tình traïng emission levels n. amount of toxic
nguy hieåm (do hö hoûng) substances passed into the

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emission standards engage

atmosphere by motor vehicles: small pincers with sharp jaws for

Löôïng khí ñoäc vaøo khoâng khí. cutting and stripping wires, etc.:
emission standards n. specified Kìm caét vaø tuoát daây.
maximum emission levels end float n. = end play
permitted from different classes of endoscope n. instrument used to see
motor vehicle in different into the interior of hollow cavities
countries: Tieâu chuaån khí thaûi. such as box sections: Ñeøn noäi soi.
z the stringent US emission end play n. bearing clearance in an
standards = the low emission axial direction: Khe hôû doïc baïc
levels permitted in the United loùt.
States, especially in California: check the big end bearing for end
Tieâu chuaån khí thaûi nghieâm khaéc play = check if there is any
cuûa Myõ. sideways movement in the big
EMS = emission management system: end: Kieåm tra khe hôû doïc baïc loùt
Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt khí thaûi. ñaàu to thanh truyeàn.
emulsion n. mixture of two liquids endurance test n. test of a material or
which do not fully mix, such as oil system over a long period: Thöû ñoä
and water, or specifically petrol beàn
and air in a carburetor: Nhuõ töông energize v. to activate (a solenoid,
(nöôùc vaøo nhôùt, khoâng khí vaø relay, etc.) by providing sufficient
xaêng) energy: Baét ñaàu laøm vieäc nhôø caáp
emulsion tube = part of a fixed jet naêng löôïng
carburetor, in which air is energy n. capacity for doing work,
introduced into the mixture through measured in joules or in the case
holes to help atomize it and correct of electrical energy, in kilo-watt
excessive richness at higher hours: Naêng löôïng.
engine speeds: OÁng nhuõ hoùa (cheá energy absorbing a. able to absorb
hoaø khí) (nôi khoâng khí ñi qua loã force of impact: Haáp thu naêng
troän) löôïng.
enamel n. high-gloss paint that is energy absorbing steering column =
slower drying and therefore easier safety design of steering column
to apply than cellulose, and will which telescopes on impact: Truï
cause cellulose applied over it to tay laùi haáp thu naêng löôïng khi
lift: Sôn boùng treân goã. ñuïng xe (xeáp laïi)
end cap n. cap covering the end of a energy conversion n. changing of one
piece of trim or of a fuse: Ñaàu form of energy into another or into
chuïp (caàu chì loaïi cuõ) work, such as that in the
end cover (plate ) n. cover containing combustion process, the heat of
a bearing at either end of a which is used toturn the engine and
dynamo or alternator: Taám chaén oå thus create motion: Söï chuyeån hoùa
bi trong maùy phaùt. naêng löôïng.
end cutters or end cutting pliers n. engage v. (a) to come into contact and

117
engagement engine depression

be locked together (with another the vehicle is in gear with the

part): Laøm aên khôùp. throttle closed, i.e. on the overrun,
z the clutch engages smoothly = which is increased by changing to a
the driving and driven plates of the lower gear: Hieän töôïng ñoäng cô
clutch come together and take up chaïy chaäm laïi khi coøn soá maø
the drive without judder: Ly hôïp böôùm ga ñoùng (phanh ñoäng cô)
aên khôùp moät caùch eâm aùi. engine capacity n. swept volume of
(b) to bring ( a part) into contact an engine: Dung tích ñoäng cô.
with another so that it is locked to engine compartment n. area into
it: Gaøi khôùp. which the engine is fitted: Khoang
zto engage a lower gear = to ñoäng cô.
select a lower ratio by moving the engine coolant n. liquid used in the
gear lever: Gaøi soá thaáp hôn. engine’s cooling system: Nöôùc
engagement n. bringing into locking laøm maùt ñoäng cô.
contact (e.g. of the clutch ), or engine cover n. panel of metal or
selection of a gear: Söï aên khôùp. plastic covering the engine of a
engine n. energy-converting rear-engine car: Naép chuïp ñoäng
propelling unit of a motor vehicle, cô (ñaët sau)
usually internal combustion engine (NOTE: the terms bonnet in British
of the reciprocating-piston type, usage and hood in American usage
either with spark ignition (petrol are only used for the cover a front-
engines) or compression ignition mounted engine )
(diesel engines): Ñoäng cô. engine damage n. breakage,
engine analyzer n. electronic engine- deformation or scoring of the
test-device, formerly free-standing internal parts of an engine: Söï hö
in a cabinet, and now often hand- hoûng caùc chi tieát beân trong ñoäng
held and connected to the vehicle cô.
‘s diagnostic socket (as in the case overrevving may cause engine
of the diagnostic read-out box ), damage = running the engine too
which provides data on all aspect fast may result in, for example,
of the engine’s state of tune: Maùy seizure, a burnt piston or a dropped
phaân tích (chaån ñoaùn) ñoäng cô. valve: Chaïy vöôït toác coù theå gaây
engine bay n. = engine compartment: hö ñoäng cô.
Ngaên, khoang ñoäng cô. engine depression n. low pressure on
engine block n. cylinder block with the engine side of the throttle
integral crankcase: Khoái ñoäng cô, cause by piston suction in the inlet
khoái xylanh. manifold: Söùc huùt ñoäng cô (aùp
engine block heater = cylinder block thaáp)
heater: Boä phaän nung khoái xylanh zthe clutch engages smoothly n.
(khôûi ñoäng laïnh) electrical connecter for plugging in
engine brake or braking effect n. the engine analyzer, forming an
retarding effect of an engine when interface between the engine

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engine hoist engine size

store in the memory of the engine engine map n. = characteristic map:

controller: Giaéc noái chaån ñoaùn Baûn ñoà ñaëc tuyeán ñoäng cô (löûa vaø
ñoäng cô. xaêng) naïp trong EPROM
engine hoist n. small crane for lifting engine misfire n. misfire: Söï maát löûa.
an engine out of a motor vehicle, engine modifications n. alterations to
formerly incorporating a block and the specification of the engine to
tackle, but now usually increase power output, improve
hydraulically operated: Caàn truïc economy, reduce emissions, etc.:
nhoû naâng ñoäng cô. Söï caûi tieán ñoäng cô.
engine (identification) number (EIN) engine mounting n. flexible support
n. number stamped on the engine for the engine in which an elastic
and usually also on the vehicle medium, usually rubber, is
identification plate, which should interposed between lugs on the
be quoted when ordering parts: Soá engine and the frame of the
maùy. vehicle: Söï gaù laép ñoäng cô.
engine knock n. engine operating engine noise n. amount of noise of
condition, accompanied by audible lower viscosity than gear oil, used
noise, that occurs when fuel in the to lubricate an engine: tieáng oàn
cylinders is ignition too early ñoäng cô.
and/or spontaneously, resulting in engine oil level warning light = light
colliding flame fronts and shock on the instrument panel which
waves which cause high thermal comes on when the oil in the sump
and mechanical stress, and can falls below a certain level: Ñeøn
severely damage the engine: Söï baùo möïc daàu ñoäng cô.
rooùc maùy (kích noå) engine overhaul n. dismantling of the
engine layout n. (a) type of engine, engine and restoration of the
with reference to the arrangement manufacturer’s original tolerance
of its cylinders and their number by replacement of worn parts,
(as in a flat four, v-twin or straight reboring the cylinders, regrinding
eight): Caùch phaân loaïi ñoäng cô. the crankshaft, etc.: Söï ñaïi tu
(b) positioning of the engine in the maùy.
vehicle (as in front, mid-or rear engine parameters n. used in the
engine, a transverse or in-line context of emission controls for
engine): Vò trí ñaët ñoäng cô. those engine characteristics
engine management system (EMS) sensitive to engine performance,
n. electronic engine control system such as power/ bhp, general engine
which covers at least the performance and fuel economy:
functioning of the fuel injection Caùc thoâng soá ñoäng cô.
and ignition, but may also include engine performance tester n. =
emission controls and self- engine analyzer
diagnostics: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån engine size n. = engine capacity:
ñoäng cô. Dung tích ñoäng cô.

119
engine speed equalizer

engine speed n. number of environment and taking

revolutions per minute (rpm) at appropriate action to avoid them:
which the engine is turning: Toác Quan taâm ñeán moâi tröôøng.
ñoä ñoäng cô. environmentally friendly = harmless
engine speed limiter = device acting to the environment, or causing as
as a governor which cuts the power little harm as possible: Voâ haïi ñeán
when a certain number of rpm is moâi tröôøng.
reached: Boä giôùi haïn toác ñoä ñoäng EPA n. US environment protection
cô. agency, which is responsible for
engine speed sensor = in most cases, recommending environmental
a magnetic pick-up that scans the legislation and in the automotive
flywheel teeth and produces one sphere produces test cycles and
output signal per scanned tooth, or estimates fuel economy: Cuïc baûo
a hall generator in the distributor, veä moâi tröôøng.
whose signals are passed to the EPC = ELECTROSTATIC POWDER
electronic control unit: Caûm bieán COATING
toác ñoä ñoäng cô. EP gear oil n. extreme pressure gear
engine subframe n. separate frame in oil preventing metal-to-metal
which the engine is mounted: contact, used mainly in gearboxes
Khung gaù ñoäng cô. and final drives units: Daàu boâi
engine temperature sensor n. sensor trôn baùnh raêng.
used to a monitor the temperature epicyclical gearbox n. constant-mesh
of the engine: Caûm bieán nhieät ñoä gearbox with several planetary
ñoäng cô. gear sets made up of an internally
(NOTE: not identical with the toothed outer ring gear, several
coolant temperature sensor) small intermediate pinions or
engine timing n. ignition and valve planet gears and a large externally
timing: Söï ñieàu chænh ñoäng cô toothed central gear known as a
(caân löûa vaø cam). sun wheel: Hoäp soá baùnh raêng
enrichment n. making the air/fuel haønh tinh.
mixture richer, i.e. increase the (NOTE: us english is planetary
fuel content: Söï laøm giaøu hoaø khí. transmission)
enrichment device or unit = circuit in epoxy resin n. thermosetting resin
a carburetor providing a richer based on ethylene oxide or similar
mixture, operated by engine material or derivatives, used in
vacuum: Cô caáu laøm ñaäm. adhesives, fillers, and primers and
envelope n. cover enclosing other finishes: nhöïa epoxi.
something entirely, such as the EPS (short for) electronically
glass of a lamp bulb: Voû boïc. controlled power steering: Trôï
environment-conscious or löïc laùi ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän töû.
environmentally aware a . aware equalizer n. (a) = graphic equalizer:
of dangers and threats to the Nuùt chænh taàn soá aâm thanh

120
equal power distribution evacuate

(cassette) khaùch vöøa chôû haøng

(b) compensator: Cô caáu buø. (NOTE: US english is station
equal power distribution or split n. wagon)
system in four wheel drive ESV = experimental safety vehicle:
vehicles which ensures that an Xe thöû nghieäm an toaøn.
equal amount of power is passed to ETA (short for) Estimated Time Of
the front and rear wheels: Söï Arrival: Thôøi gian ñeán döï kieán
phaân phoái coâng suaát caân baèng (maùy tính haønh trình)
giöõa baùnh tröôùc vaø baùnh sau etching n. (a) roughening or
equipment n. devices and systems disintegration of the paint surface,
fitted to a vehicle which are either which can occur on small patches
essential or optional, and either or over a wide area, through attack
fitted by the manufacturer (original from bird droppings, screen washer
equipment ): Thieát bò. fluid, industrial fall out, etc.: Bong
equipment package = particular sôn do taùc ñoäng moâi tröôøng
combination of equipment (b) removal of soil or the natural
provided by the manufacturer: oxide film from an aluminium
Troïn goùi thieát bò. surface, giving a roughened
erode v. to remove a surface layer (by surface which improves adhesion
chemical action or by rubbing ): of the subsequent paint layer, or
AÊn moøn, baøo moøn removal the actual metal: Caïo beà
erosion n. removing a surface layer maët kim loaïi ñeå sôn dính toát
(by chemical action or wear ): Söï ethanol n. ethyl alcohol which is
baøo moøn. added to petrol, typically in a
ESA = ELECTRONIC SPARK mixture of 10% ethanol and 90%
ADVANCE unleaded petrol: Ethanol (theâm
ESC = ELECTRONIC SPARK vaøo xaêng).
CONTROL ethyl acrylate n. polymer used in
ESR (short for) electric sunroof: Cöûa toughening rubber: Hôïp chaát cao
mui xe ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän (cöûa phaân töû ñeå taêng ñoä cöùng cho cao
trôøi) su.
EST = electronic spark timing: Ñieàu ethylene –glycol n. thick hygroscopic
khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng liquid which is used as the main
ñieän töû. constituent of antifreeze: Thaønh
estate car n. private car which is phaàn cuûa chaát choáng ñoâng (trong
essentially a saloon whose roof is nöôùc laøm maùt ñoäng cô).
extended to the rear of the car, euromix formular n. basis for a
which is more or less vertical and standard test cycle covering both
incorporates a tailgate, giving the town driving and driving on the
increase by lowering the can be open road: Chu trình kieåm tra xe
further increased by lowering the evacuate v. to remove by pushing
back of the rear seat: Xe vöøa chôû out: Thaùo, caùch ly.

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evaporate exhaust emission control system

evaporate v. to turn into a vapour: excitation winding n. = field

Laøm bay hôi, laøm boác hôi. winding: Cuoän daây kích töø.
evaporation n. conversion of a liquid ex-demonstrator n. car formerly used
into a vapour: Söï boác hôi. by a dealer as a demonstrator: Xe
evaporation control system or ñaõ qua tröng baøy.
evaporation emission control executive car n. large, powerful
(system) (EVAP) = system for luxury car considered suitable for a
reducing evaporation emissions by business executive: Xe cao caáp.
means of a sealed fuel tank,a exhaust 1 n. (a) = EXHAUST GAS:
vapour-liquid separator, a three- Khí thaûi, khí xaû
way valve, an active carbon filter, (b) = EXHAUST SYSTEM: Heä
and a network of interconnecting thoáng thaûi.
hoses: Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt söï 2 v. to push out or discharge
boác hôi nhieân lieäu (choáng oâ (combustion gases ): Thaûi ra.
nhieãm) exhaust back pressure n. any
evaporative emissions or losses n. pressure holding back the flow of
vapour or fumes not emitted by the the gases in as exhaust system:
exhaust system, but escaping from Aùp suaát ngöôïc cuûa khí thaûi
the fuel tank, carburetor and exhaust cam (shaft) n. separate
crankcase, and accounting for camshaft controlling the opening
about 40% of hydrocarbon and closing of the exhaust valves
emissions released by a petrol used in twin overhead camshaft
engine without emission controls: engines: Truïc cam thaûi.
Söï boác hôi cuûa nhieân lieäu töø (NOTE: opposite is inlet
thuøng. camshaft)
evaporator n. in automotive air- exhaust chamber n. part of the two-
conditioning systems, a heat stroke exhaust system designed to
exchanger designed to absorb heat maintain a specified back pressure:
by evaporation of a refrigerant: Buoàng thaûi (ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
Giaøn laïnh, boä boác hôi. exhaust emission control n. reduction
(NOTE: opposite is condenser) of harmful pollutants in the gases
EVAP system n. = evaporative emitted from the exhaust system:
emission control system Söï kieåm soaùt khí thaûi (oâ nhieãm)
EVC = EXHAUST VALVE CLOSES exhaust emission control system =
EVO = EXHAUST VALVE OPENS general term for any system that
EW (short of ) electric windows: Cöûa reduces the harmful exhaust
soå ñieän, kính ñieän emissions of a motor vehicle,
exchange engine n. overhauled including one or all of the
replacement engine provided in following systems, catalytic
change for a worn (but unchanged) converter (with or without oxygen
engine, plus a charge: Ñoäng cô sensor air/ fuel control), exhaust
ñöôïc ñoåi khi ñaïi tu gas recirculation, secondary air

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exhaust emissions exhaust system

injection or induction, and positive thaûi.

crankcase ventilation: Heä thoáng exhaust note n. sound coming from
kieåm soaùt khí thaûi. the end of the exhaust pipe: Tieáng
exhaust emissions n. gases emitted noå ôû cuoái poâ.
into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe n. any pipe forming part
exhaust system, or indeed any of the exhaust system: OÁng poâ.
opening down-stream of the exhaust pollutants n. = exhausts
exhaust ports of an engine: Söï emissions: Söï oâ nhieãm cuûa khí
phaùt xaï oâ nhieãm do khí thaûi. thaûi.
exhaust gas n. gas which is the exhaust port n. (a) (in four –stroke
product of the combustion process engines) short passage in the
and which is passed out of the cylinder head from the exhaust
cylinder through the exhaust valve valve opening to the exhaust
or port into the exhaust system: manifold (or exhaust pipe on a
Khí chaùy, khí thaûi typical motorcycle): Cöûa thaûi.
exhaust gas analyzer = device which (b) (in two-stroke engines) opening
can establish the hydrocarbon, in the cylinder wall used for
carbon monoxide or carbon discharge of the spent gases into
dioxide content of the exhaust the exhaust system: Cöûa thaûi treân
gases, used fro tuning the engine thaønh xy lanh (ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
or testing to see whether emissions exhaust scrubber n. diesel exhaust
control standards are met: Thieát bò gas purification system which cools
phaân tích khí thaûi. the exhaust and separates nitrogen
exhaust gas purification (system) = oxide and oil vapours from the gas
emission control system for diesel stream: Thieát bò loïc khí thaûi
engines, which may consist of an (Diesel)
exhaust scrubber, a diesel exhaust exhaust side n. side of the engine
filter, and/ or a catalytic converter: where the exhaust valves and
Heä thoáng laøm saïch khí thaûi. exhaust manifold are situated:
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) = Phía beân thaûi
process in which a small portion of exhaust stroke n. in spark ignition and
the exhaust gas is mixed with air in diesel engines, the upward stroke
the induction tract, which has the of the piston when the energy of
effect of reducing the nitrogen combustion is spent and the piston
oxides then emitted: Heä thoáng moves upward again, the exhaust
tuaàn hoaøn khí thaûi (giaûm NOx) valve opens and burned gases are
exhaust manifold n. first part of the forced out past the open exhaust
exhaust system, usually made of valve: Thì thaûi.
cast iron, and fixed directly to the exhaust system n. system in a four-
cylinder head over the gases and wheeled motor vehicle that
passes them to the down pipe(s) collects the exhaust gases and
connected to its outlet(s): OÁng goùp discharges them into the air,

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exhaust timing extension bar

consisting of the exhaust manifold, constant pressure on the ring, in

exhaust pipe, silencer, tailpipe, order to ensure a tight seal towards
and rear silencer or resonator: Heä the cylinder wall: Voøng eùp trong
thoáng thaûi. seùc maêng daàu
exhaust timing n. exhaust control expansion n. increase in volume of a
system developed especially for liquid or a gas: Söï giaõn nôû.
two-stroke motorcycle engines in expansion stroke = power stroke:
order to enhance low and mid- Thì giaõn nôû.
range power: Heä thoáng ñieàu expansion tank = overflow container
khieån thôøi ñieåm thaûi (2 kyø) for gases or liquids subject to
exhaust treatment n. any expansion, such as fuels or more
measures taken to reduce the particularly coolant which expanse
pollutant concentrations in the when heated, and when cools
exhaust of an internal combustion returns to the radiator: Bình giaõn
engine release into the nôû, bình nöôùc phuï
atmosphere: Söï xöû lyù khí thaûi. expansion valve = flow-control valve
exhaust turbocharging n. = located between the condenser and
turbocharging: Taêng aùp baèng khí evaporator in an air-conditioner
thaûi. and which controls the amount of
exhaust valve n. valve usually of the refrigerant sprayed into the
poppet type and smaller than the evaporator: Van tieát löu (heä
inlet valve, in four-stroke ic thoâng1 ñieàu hoaø khoâng khí)
engines, operated directly or Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV)
indirectly by a camshaft to open n. special vehicle built for research
during the exhaust stroke to allow into and testing of safety features:
the combustion gases to escape: Xe thí nghieäm ñoä an toaøn.
Xuùpaùp thaûi. expioded view n. drawing of a
exhaust valve closes (EVC) = mark mechanism or structure which
on a valve-timing diagram: Daáu shows the parts separately but
supap thaûi ñoùng approximately in the position they
exhaust valve opens (EVO) = mark occupy when assembled: Sô ñoà
on a valve–timing diagram: Daáu caáu taïo (chi tieát veõ rôøi)
supap thaûi môû expressway n. us multilane road like
expander n. device in a drum brake a motorway, with full or partial
system (either hydraulic or control of access: Xa loä
mechanical) which forces the extension bar or piece n. part used
shoes apart into contact with the with socket spanners inserted
drum: Caàn ñaåy troáng phanh. between a socket and drive handle,
expander ring or spacer n. part used which allow access to nuts or bolt
in an oil-control ring consisting of heads in deeply recessed or
more than one part (e.g. one upper otherwise confined areas: Khôùp
and one lower rail) to exert a noái (caàn sieát)

124
exterior mirror eyelet pliers

exterior mirror n. = EXTERNAL sleeves from housings and blind

MIRROR: Kính chieáu haäu ngoaøi holes: Caùc caõo.
external combustion engine n. extras n. optional additional items
engine (such as a steam engine) in either fitted by the manufacturer at
which fuel is burnt outside the the buyer’s request, or fitted later
cylinder or cylinders, power being by the owner, comprising either
generated by the expansion of accessories such as seat covers or
another liquid or gas heated by additional lights or built-in items
combustion: Ñoäng cô ñoát ngoaøi. such as a heated rear window or
external diameter n. the external sunroof: Ñoà gaén theâm treân xe
diameter of a cylinder or tube: eye n. circular opening or hole, such
ñöôøng kính ngoaøi. as that at then the end of a leaf
external micrometer n. micrometer spring or that formed at the end of
for measuring external diameters: a cable: Caùc khoen (nhíp hoaëc
Duïng cuï ño vi löôïng ñöôøng kính daây ñieän)
ngoaøi (caùc pan me) eyebolt n. bolt with an eye in place of
external mirror n. mirror attached to a head, through which a cable can
the outside of the vehicle, typically be passed, e.g. for lifting purposes:
on the driver’s or the passenger’s Buloâng coù loã ñeå moùc caùp
door: Kính chieáu haäu beân ngoaøi eyelet connector n. connector for
xe. electrical connections which is
external thread n. thread consisting attached to a wire and has its ring-
of projecting ridges on the outside shaped end pushed on to a round
of a part such as a bolt or screw post or threaded terminal: Khoen
(which fits into the corresponding daây noái (ñeå baét thaân xe)
internal thread of a nut or similar ): eyelet pliers n. pliers for punching
Ren ngoaøi. small holes, with a round stud in
(NOTE: also called male thread ) one jaw and a hole in the other:
external vane pump n. pump with Kìm baám loã
either an elliptic rotating piston or
an eccentrically mounted circular
rotor: Bôm coù caùnh beân ngoaøi.
extractor n. special tool for
extracting bearings, bushes and

125
F fan belt

Ff
F (a) (short for) Fahrenheit: Ñoä F ñoåi kieåu daùng.
(b) = FIELD (TERMINAL) : facia n. = FASCIA : Baûng ñoàng hoà
Cöïc cuoän daây kích töø (maùy trong xe.
phaùt) factory adjusted a. set by the works
Fabric n. material made from textile when the vehicle is built (and not
or man-made fibres, used e.g. in to be altered): ñaõ ñieàu chænh ôû
the structure of tyre casings, for nôi laép raùp.
covering seats, etc. : Vaûi boá, vaûi fade n. = BRAKE FADE: Söï tröôït
gai. phanh.
z fabric body = simple form of z fader n. device which
lightweight bodywork in which a adjusts the sound balance of
waterproof, clothbacked material front and rear speakers in a four-
is stretched over a wooden speaker layout: Thieát bò ñieàu
frame-work, popular around chænh söï caân baèng aâm thanh.
1930 and still used at a later date z fading n. (a) loss of
by DKW and even postwar by brightness or colour in a part
Lloyd: Keát caáu thaân xe nheï. finish: Söï môø daàn, nhaït ñi.
z fabric hood or top = soft-top (b) = BRAKE FADE
made from a textile (such as failsafe system n. system which
canvas) as opposed to vinyl: Mui remains safe even when part of
vaûi. it fails, such as a dual-circuit
fabricate v. to make, usually by a brake system: Heä thoáng döï
relatively complex process or phoøng.
from several parts: Cheá taïo, saûn fair v. to add a fairing to a body:
xuaát. Laøm nhaün, laøm phaúng.
face n. front, visible or working z fairing (panel) n. additional
surface of a part (such as a streamlined body panel placed
valve) or a tool (such as a over a projecting part, or an
hammer): Phaàn phía tröôùc, beà integral panel also designed to
maët, beà ngoaøi. give minimum drag: Söï laøm
z facelift n. minor styling nhaün vaø thon thaân xe.
modifications made to a car family car n. car suitable for
model which may be transporting a family, usually a
approaching the end of its useful four-door saloon or hatchback:
life, intended to improve the Loaïi xe oâtoâ gia ñình.
appearance and thus boost sales fan n. device with a number of
with minimum cost, including blades mounted in a central hub,
such features as restyled which can move air as it turns:
headlights, larger taillights, Caùi quaït.
added trim and spoilers: Söï taïo fan belt n. originally and logically,
daùng xe ñeå baùn

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fan blade fatigue test

the V-belt used to drive the in operation: Söï caàm chöøng

engine fan from a pulley on the nhanh.
front of the crankshaft, which z fast idle cam = cam in a
also drives the dynamo or carburettor, which opens the
alternator and in some cases the throttle slightly when the choke
water pump: Daây ñai keùo quaït. is brought into operation, either
fan blade n. part of the fan automatically or mechanically:
projecting at an angle from the Cô caáu cam ñieàu khieån caàm
central hub, which draws the air chöøng nhanh (cheá hoøa khí)
through the radiator: Caùnh quaït. z fast idle screw = screw on a
z fan clutch n. clutch by carburettor for adjusting the fast
means of which the fan can be idle speed: Vít chænh toác ñoä
engaged and disengaged caàm chöøng nhanh.
according to engine temperature, z fast idle solenoid = solenoid
usually operated automatically operating in conjunction with an
by a thermostat: Ly hôïp quaït. automatic choke to open the
z fan cooling n. type of air throttle slightly when the choke
cooling where a blower is is in operation: Van ñieän ñieàu
responsible for transporting the khieån toác ñoä caàm chöøng nhanh.
amount of air required for the z fast lane n. outside lane on a
cooling of the engine past the motorway used by fast-moving
cooling fins, which in turn traffic for over-taking: Laøn xe
dissipate the heat stored in them cao toác.
to the current of air flowing past fatigue n. weaking of a material
them: Quaït laøm maùt ñoäng cô. subjected to high stresses, which
z fan pulley n. pulley on the may crack or even break as a
hub of the radiator fan on which result: Söï moûi.
its driving belt runs: Puly quaït z fatigue limit = maximum
laøm maùt. stress that a material can endure
fascia n. (a) = INSTRUMENT for an infinite number of stress
PANEL: Tableau, baûng ñoàng hoà. cycles without breaking: Giôùi
(b) US panel forming part of the haïn moûi.
external trim, such as that below z fatigue resistance or
the bumper: Baêng, daûi. strength = maximum stress that
z fast charger n. battery a material can endure for a given
charger, which can charge a time without breaking: Ñoä beàn
battery at a rate of 40 amps or moûi.
even more, used by garages and z fatigue test = test on a
battery suppliers: Saïc nhanh. material to determine the range
z fast idle n. higher than of stress it will stand without
normal tickover speed of an failing, by subjecting it to rapidly
engine when cold with the choke varying stresses to establish its

127
fault feedback carburettor (FIB)

fatigue limit: Söï kieåm tra ñoä EPA for use in any state except
beàn moûi. California: Ñoäng cô ñuû tieâu
fault n. defect which is either chuaån khí thaûi cho toaøn lieân
inherent in the vehicle as built bang.
(manufacturing fault) or which z Federal Test Procedure
occurs during: Söï coá, loãi, hö (FTP) n. US method of testing
hoûng. automotive emissions simulating
z fault diagnosis = tracing of typical driving conditions : Quy
faults, greatly aided on many trình kieåm tra khí thaûi Myõ.
modern vehicles by the use of an Feùdeùration Internationale de I’
in-built diagnostic system and an Automobile (FIA) n.
engine analyzer: Söï chaån ñoaùn international umbrella motoring
hö hoûng. organization to which national
z fault memory = part of the motoring organizations are
electronic control unit and of the affiliated: Hieäp hoäi oâ toâ quoác teá
diagnostic system that stores Feùdeùration Internationale du Sport
faulty conditions to facilitate Automobile (FISA) n. the
vehicle diagnosis: Boä nhôù loãi. international governing body of
z fault reader = device to be motor sport: Hieäp hoäi oâ toâ theå
used in conjunction with the thao quoác teá
vehicle’s diagnostic system, feed 1 v. to supply (fuel, oil, current,
providing a read-out of the etc. ): Cung caáp, naïp.
values measured, etc.: Thieát bò 2 n. supply of fuel, oil, current,
ñoïc maõ loãi, hö hoûng. etc.: Söï cung caáp, naïp.
FE analysis n. = FINITE-ELEMENT z feed line or pipe = pipe
ANALYSIS: Giaûi tích phaàn töû supplying a liquid or gas :
höõu haïn Ñöôøng oáng cung caáp.
featheredge n. border of a repair z feed pump = pump supplying,
area to which filler has been for example, fuel in regulated
applied, which has been sanded quantities: Bôm nhieân lieäu, bôm
to merge imperceptibly into the cung caáp.
undamaged area: vuøng sôn daëm z feedback n. information in
feathering n. very gently pressing the from of a signal from a
on the throttle or brake pedal : sensor, which is then used in a
Ñaïp nheï (vaøo baøn ñaïp ga, closed loop system to regulate
phanh) the mixture strength, for
feather key n. key with parallel example: Söï phaûn hoài, hoài tieáp
faces whose ends may be round (trong ñieàu khieån kín)
or square: Chìa khoùa mieäng. z feedback carburettor (FIB)
Federal engine n. US engine = carburettor regulated by a
meeting Federal emission closed loop system providing the
standards and certified by the air/ fuel mixture quality needed

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feed back control field coil

to operate a catalytic converter: viscous coupling differential,

Boä cheá hoaø khí ñöôïc ñieàu chænh 37% to the front wheels and 63%
hoãn hôïp theo chu trình kín to the rear wheels : Söï truyeàn
baèng tín hieäu phaûn hoài. ñoäng xe hai caàu kieåu Ferguson.
z feedback control = CLOSED- ferrous a. containing iron: Coù chöùa
LOOP CONTROL : Söï ñieàu saét.
khieån theo chu trình kín. festoon bulb n. light bulb in the form
z feeler gauge n. tool with of a small glass tube with caps at
metal feeler blades or wire each end providing the contacts :
feelers of various thicknesses for Boùng ñeøn 2 ñaàu caém
measuring small distances and FF headlight n. free-form headlight
gaps between components, e.g. using a free-shape reflector :
valve clearances or gaps Ñeøn ñaàu hình daùng thanh nhaõ.
between sparking plug F-head engine n. engine design with
electrodes or contact breaker overhead inlet and side exhaust
points : Côõ laù (ño khe hôû) valves : Ñoäng cô coù ñöôøng naïp
z feeler blade = thin blade of phía treân vaø ñöôøng thaûi naèm
spring steel of an exact thickness beân hoâng ñoäng cô, ñoäng cô kieåu
for measuring small gaps or F.
clearances between parts, fibreglass n. material made from
usually made in sets of various fine glass strands matted or
thicknesses pinned together at woven and bonded with a
one end to form a feeler gauge : synthetic resin : Sôïi thuûy tinh.
Mieáng côõ laù. (NOTE: also called glass reinforced
z feeler strip = metal strip of a plastic or GRP)
specific thickness from which z fibreglass body = body whose
single feeler blades can be cut, shell is moulded in one piece
appropriate when frequent from fibreglass : Thaân xe ñöôïc
measuring is required, to avoid laøm baèng sôïi thuûy tinh.
using worn blades : Laù côõ rôøi z fibre optics n. transmission
female a. fitting inside another part, of information in the form of
usually where two parts form a light carried along sheathed
connection of some kind: Ñaàu glass fibres, used in some engine
caùi (giaéc ñieän). management systems and
z female thread = internal malfunction warning indicators :
thread : Ren trong. Sôïi quang
fender n. (a) US = WING : Veø xe. field coil n.= FIELD WINDING :
(b) = BUMPER : Taám chaén. Cuoän daây kích töø.
Ferguson four-wheel drive z field terminal (F) n. the
(transmission) n. transmission input terminal on a dynamo :
system in which power is Cöïc ra cuûa cuoän kích töø (maùy
distributed through a special phaùt)

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field testing filling

z field testing or trial n. file n. flat or rounded tool with a

testing of a vehicle or component rough surface of hardened steel
in more or less normal use: Söï for removing metal with the aim
thöû nghieäm xe of smoothing or shaping it : Caùi
z field winding n. part which giuõa.
produces a constant-strength z file card brush = brush with
magnetic field in an electric angled wire bristles for cleaning
motor or generator, the field core file threads : Baøn chaûi saét duøng
being on the stator or the rotor laøm saïch giuõa
depending on the type of motor z file handle = handle, now
or generator: Cuoän kích töø usually of plastic, which may be
fierceness n. tendency of a clutch to attached to the end of a file: Caùn
engage suddenly so that it is giuõa
difficult to start smoothly from filler n. (a) paste usually with a
rest: Giaät khi nhaû ly hôïp polyester base which, when
fifth (gear) n. highest ratio in a five- mixed with a hardener, forms a
speed gearbox : Soá 5. surface which can be sanded
z fifth wheel n. (a) additional smooth and is suitable for repairs
wheel attached to the rear of a to dented or rusted bodywork :
vehicle being road-tested which Ma tít.
drives a highly accurate speed- (NOTE: also called filler paste)
measuring instrument : Baùnh xe (b)= PRIMER FILLER : Chaát
kieåm tra , baùnh xe thöù naêm. traùm loùt.
(b) in an articulated vehicle, the (c) inert material added to paper,
generally circular pad at the rear resins, and other substances to
of the tractor unit on which the modify their properties and
front end of the trailer is improve quality; e.g. carbon
mounted and which is able to black used in tyre production :
turn when a corner is being Chaát phuï gia, chaát ñoän
negotiated : Maâm moùc haäu. (d) orifice into which a
fifty-fifty power split n. liquid such as oil or petrol can be
arrangement in a four-wheel poured : Caùi pheãu, loã chaâm
drive transmission where equal (xaêng, daàu)
amounts of power are delivered z filler cap = closure which
to the front and rear wheels : Söï covers a filler orifice : Naép bình
chia ñeàu coâng suaát (truyeàn xaêng.
ñoäng boán baùnh ) z filler neck = funnel-shaped
filament n. thin, usually tungsten part with the filler orifice at its
wire in a light bulb which top end : Coå pheãu.
becomes incandescent when z filling n. repairing of holes
current is passed through it : Daây or dents in bodywork with filler
toùc boùng ñeøn paste or body lead: Traùm kín

130
filling station finish hammer

z filling station n. place where vehicles and in the front axle of

petrol, diesel, oil and other front-wheel drive vehicles,
supplies for motorists are sold: comprising essentially the
Traïm xaêng daàu, caây xaêng differential and crown wheel and
(NOTE: US English is gas pinion, which reduce the speed
station) of rotation and also change its
fill plug n. small screw-in plug in the direction: Truyeàn ñoäng cuoái
steering box or similar, which is cuøng.
removed for topping up with oil : z final drive ratio = ratio
Nuùt chaâm daàu between the rotational speed of
fill up v. to refill the fuel tank : Söï the propeller shaft or drive shaft
ñoå ñaày. and that of the driven road
film n. thin layer or coating : Lôùp wheel, the gear reduction being
maøng moûng (sôn) determined by dividing the
filter n. device for removing dirt or number of teeth on the crown
suspended particles in a liquid or wheel or ring gear by the
in the air : Boä loïc. number of teeth on the drive
z filter cartridge or element = pinion : Tæ soá truyeàn ñoäng cuoái
replaceable porous part of some cuøng.
oil and most air filters, made of fine a. (a) made of very small
paper, felt or fine wire mesh : particles: Laøm töø haït nhoû mòn
Ruoät boä loïc, loõi loïc. (b) (of a thread) having many
z filter screen = piece of wire grooves and ridges close
mesh in a pipe used to collect together: Mòn, nhuyeãn.
dirt and foreign matter: Taám finger n. narrow projecting part,
chaén boä loïc. often acting as a lever and
z filter wrench = OIL FILTER pivoting at one end or in the
WRENCH: Khoaù vaën loïc daàu. middle and pressing on another
filtration n. removal of dirt or part: Vaáu ngaøm.
suspended particles from a liquid z finger-tight a. tightened
or the air with the aid of a filter : only with the fingers, without
Söï loïc, caùch loïc using a spanner: Vaën tay
fin n. projecting thin flat part, such finish 1 n. general appearance or
as the cooling fins on an air- condition of a surface, either
cooled cylinder, or the large painted or unpainted: Beà maët
vertical member at the rear of tröôùc khi sôn
some streamlined record- z finish coat = TOP COAT: Lôùp
breaking cars, intended to aid sôn cuoái cuøng.
directional stability : Caùnh taûn z finish hammer = hammer
nhieät, caùnh trao ñoåi nhieät used for detail work in shaping a
final drive n. assembly of gears in panel after it has been brought
the back axle of rear-wheel drive roughly into the right shape: Buùa

131
finish restorer fit

laøm ñoàng hoûa.

z finish restorer = slightly z firewall n. = BULKHEAD:
abrasive polish which cuts back Vaùch ngaên.
and restores the colour and lustre firing n. process of igniting the
of dull and oxidized finishes: mixture in the combustion
Ñaùnh boùng. chamber: Söï ñaùnh löûa, söï ñoát
finishing enamel or paint = paint for chaùy.
the top coat of a painting system: z firing end = part of the
Lôùp sôn cuoái cuøng. sparking plug extending into the
finite-element analysis or FE combustion chamber: Ñaàu ñieän
analysis n. reduction of a cöïc bougie.
complex structure to its basic z firing order = sequence of
component parts so that these igniting the air/ fuel mixture in
can be studied in a computer, the cylinders of a multi-cylinder
especially in a CAD (computer- engine: Thöù töï ñaùnh löûa.
aided design) process: Söï phaân z firing stroke = POWER
tích theo phöông phaùp phaàn töû STROKE: Thì sinh coâng.
höõu haïn. First-aid kit n. box containing
finning n. arrangement of fins on a bandages, antiseptic ointment
surface to aid cooling by and other basic medical
improving the heat transfer rate, requirements for treating
typical found on air-cooled injuries: Hoäp sô caáp cöùu.
engines: Boá trí caùnh taûn nhieät. z first (gear) n. lowest gear
fire v. (a) to start to run: Khôûi ñoäng. available in the gearbox, which
(b) to ignite (the mixture): in fact gives the highest ratio of
Chaùy, boác chaùy. engine speed to road speed, and
z fire applicance n. = FIRE consequently the highest torque
ENGINE: Xe cöùu hoûa. at the driven wheels, and so is
z fireball combustion chamber used for starting and climbing
n. combustion chamber design very steep hills: Soá 1, soá chaäm
developed by the Swiss engineer nhaát vaø maïnh nhaát.
May and introduced on Jaguar’s fit 1 n. way in which two parts come
V-12 engine in 1981: Buoàng together, with varying degrees of
chaùy daïng caàu. tightness: Söï laép raùp, söï gaén
z fire engine n. vehicle vöøa, söï thích hôïp.
equipped for fire-fighting with z clearance or sliding fit = parts
ladders, pumps, hoses, etc.: Xe assembled so that there is
cöùu hoûa. clearance between them or so
z fire extinguisher n. cylinder that one can slide in the other:
which can spray powder , foam Ñoä hôû phuø hôïp.
or a liquid onto a fire to put it 2 v. to fix or put into place: Laép
out: Maùy chöõa löûa, bình cöùu vaøo, aên khôùp.

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fittings flame front

z fittings n. small ancillary phanh coá ñònh.

parts for a particular system such z fixed-choke carburettor n.
as fuel lines: Caùc chi tieát nhoû. carburettor in which the size of
five-cylinder engine n. engine with the venturi or choke tube is
five cylinders, a rate fixed, synonymous in practice
configuration because of the with fixed-jet carburettor: Boä
problems of balance: Ñoäng cô 5 cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách
xylanh. taùn khoâng thay ñoåi.
z five-door a. body design z fixed contact n. stationary
typical of estate cars and most point in a contact breaker : Vít
hatchbacks, with four side doors ñe.
and a tailgate: Xe 5 cöûa. z fixed head n. non-
z five-link rear suspension n. removable cylinder head, cast in
independent rear suspension one piece with the cylinder
layout also used on live rear block; found in early internal
axles, in which each wheel is combustion engines: Naép quy
guided by two trailing links, two laùt coá ñònh (dính lieàn vôùi loác
transverse links and a common maùy)
track rod: Heä thoáng treo sau 5 z fixed-jet carburettor n.
thanh noái. most common type of
z five-speed gearbox or carburettor, in which the jets and
transmission n. gearbox with the choke are of a fixed size: Boä
five forward speeds, the highest cheá hoøa khí vôùi loã tia khoâng
of which usually functions more ñoåi.
as an overdrive for high-speed (NOTE: opposite is variable-jet
cruising: Hoäp soá 5 toác ñoä. carburettor)
z five-valve head n. cylinder flag down v. to stop (a vehicle) with
head with five valves per a hand signal in an emergency:
cylinder, usually three inlet Vaãy tay döøng xe
valves and two exhaust valves: flagship model n. prestige model,
Naép quy laùt vôùi 5 xuù paùp. the top model of a
fixed-caliper disc brake n. disc manufacturer’s range: Kieåu xe
brake with a caliper which haøng ñaàu, kieåu xe haïng nhaát.
cannot move, the caliper flake (off) v. (of paint) to come or
consisting of two halves which peel off in thin pieces (flakes):
are bolted together and contain Bong troùc ra.
at least one cylinder and piston z flaking n. tendency of a
each: Boä keïp phanh ñóa coá paint film to lift away from the
ñònh. underlying surface: Söï boâng
z fixed-cam brake n. drum troùc.
brake in which the cam is rigidly flame front n. edge of the
mounted in the backplate: Cam combustion flame spreading

133
flame glow plug flash point

from the sparking plug, which Thieát bò taïo vaáu.

should move in a controlled flank n. (a) side of a screw thread,
pattern across the cylinder, rising from the bottom of the
rather than simply exploding groove to the top of the ridge:
immediately: Maøng löûa Phía beân hoâng ren vít
z flame glow plug n. glow (b) one of the two flat parts of
plug that preheats the intake air the face of a cam: Maët beân
by burning a small quantity of hoâng cam
precisely metered fuel: Bougie flap n. flat piece of material attached
xoâng maùy ñoát daàu ñeå haâm noùng along one side, often by a hinge
khí naïp. and thus forming a small door for
z flame trap n. device shutting off an aperture: Caùi
consisting of a valve or similar, naép.
preventing the escape of ignited z flaring tool n. tool used to
blowback gases, usually located spread or form flares on pipe or
in the hose or pipe leading from tubing ends, for example, when
the crankcase to the inlet tract: servicing brake, fuel and cooling
Van choáng khí chaùy systems on vehicles: Duïng cuï
flange n. flat outside edge or rim of loe oáng.
a part, by which it is often flash v. (a) to use one’s direction
attached to another part: Meùp indicator: Laøm nhaáp nhaùy.
nieàng, vaønh baùnh xe. (b) to switch one’s headlights
z flange bolt = bolt with a on and off quickly: Chôùp pha
flanged head: Buloâng ñaàu coù gôø. flashback n. = BLOWBACK : Noå
z flange joint = coupling doäi.
between two shafts formed of z flasher n. flashing direction
two disc-shaped flanges on the indicator: Cuïc chôùp.
ends of the shafts which are z flasher unit = electronic
bolted to one another: Khôùp noái switch apparatus controlling the
voøng khuyeát. operation of the direction
z flange-type puller = puller indicators, including their rate of
with legs that fit behind a flange flash; self-cancelling when the
on a hub or similar: Caõo nhieàu steering wheel is returned to the
chaân straight-ahead position: Cuïc
flanged a. with flanges: Coù gôø, coù chôùp ñieän töû.
bích, coù meùp. z flashover n. HT current
z flanged head = bolt head which short-circuits over the
under which is a flange: Ñaàu exterior portion of the sparking
buloâng coù maët bích. plug insulator: Söï ñaùnh thuûng
z flanger n. tool for making a lôùp caùch ñieän (bougie)
flange: Maùy gaáp meùp. z flash point n. lowest
z panel flanger see JOGGLER: temperature at which vapours

134
flash time flex arm suspension

from a volatile fuel will ignite noåi baèng treân nieàng xe.
momentarily on the application flat seat n. seat of a sparking plug
of a small flame under specified which is sealed by means of a
conditions: Nhieät ñoä chaùy thaáp gasket: Bougie ñeá baèng (coù loâng
nhaát ñeàn)
z flash time n. time required z flat spot n. (a) point during
for most of the solvent to escape acceleration at which the engine
from a freshly applied paint coat: hesitates and stops accelerating
Thôøi gian khoâ sôn for an instant : Ñieåm giaät khi
flat 1 a. (a) (of battery) completely taêng toác (ñoäng cô)
discharged, so that it cannot turn (b) flattened area on a tyre
the engine and the lights are at (especially a racing tyre), usually
best very dim: Heát ñieän. caused by a locking brake: Veát
(b) (of tyre) completely moøn phaúng (voû xe)
deflated, especially as the result z flat tappet n. tappet with a
of a puncture or a leaky valve: flat contact surface towards the
Loáp xì hôi, loáp beïp cam lobe: Con ñoäi thuyû löïc coù
z flat file n. tapered file cut on maët tieáp xuùc vôùi cam phaúng
all faces and with rectangular z flat-tip screwdriver n. =
cross section, for shaping metal: flatbladed screwdriver: Tuoác nô
Caùi giuõa baèng (daïng tieátdieän vít deïp
chöõ nhaät) z flat-top (ped) piston n.
z flat hump n. raised and piston with a crown which is flat
flattened portion on the bead and not domed: Piston ñaàu
seat of some wheel rims which baèng.
retains the beads of an z flat washer n. plain washer
insufficiently inflated tyre on the (as opposed to a locking or
bead seat, thereby preventing spring washer): Long ñeàn deïp,
the tyre beads from jumping into voøng ñeäm deïp
the rim well: Gôø noåi baèng treân flaw n. = DEFECT: Veát nöùt , veát
nieàng xe. raïn.
z flat-nose(d) pliers n. most fleet n. all the vehicles owned by a
common type of pliers in which company or other organization:
the ends of the jaws are cut off Ñoaøn xe, ñoäi xe (cuûa 1 cô quan)
short: Kìm moû baèng. z fleet car = car belonging to a
flat pente n. raised portion on the company fleet, typically one
bead seat of some wheel rims driven by a sales representative
which retains the tyre beads of which has done a high mileage:
an insufficiently inflated tyre on Xe cô quan
the bead seat, thereby flex arm suspension n. rear axle
preventing the beads from design with torsionally flexible
jumping into the rim well: Gôø axle beam in line with the rear

135
flexibility floating

wheels and trailing links: Heä for use with sockets, its length
thoáng treo sau lieân keát meàm. giving good leverage and its
flexibility n. (a) elasticity of a ability to bend giving access to
material: Tính deûo cuûa vaät chaát difficult locations: Caàn sieát
(b) ability of an engine to go meàm
down to low speeds in a high flexural a. referring to bending: Uoán
gear and pull away smoothly khuùc, cong
without changing down, which is z flexural shock = sharp shock
governed mainly by its when bending, which can break
torquecharacteristics: Khaû naêng plastics: Cuù va chaïm maïnh.
chaïy toác ñoä thaáp ôû tay soá cao. flexure n. bending : Choã uoán cong
flexible a. (a) able to bend without flip-top filler cap n. quick-release
breaking: Meàm, deûo, deã uoán filler cap, as fitted to some sports
z flexible brake pipe = pipe and racing cars: Naép bình xaêng
connecting the wheel cylinder to loaïi baät leân.
the rest of the system, which has flitch plate n. reinforcing plate for
to flex to allow for the up and chassis members or wheel
down movement of the wheel: arches: Taám gia coá thaân xe
OÁng daãn daàu phanh meàm float n. hollow metal or plastic body
(b) (of an engine) able to go that floats on a liquid and
down to low speeds in a high operates a valve or a rheostat, as
gear and pull away smoothly: in a carburettor, where it is used
Khaû naêng chaïy toác ñoä thaáp ôû to maintain the correct fuel level,
tay soá cao. or in a fuel for the fuel gauge:
z flexible coupling n. simple Caùi phao.
shaft coupling used where only z float chamber or US float
small angles of misalignment bowl = circular reservoir for
between the two shafts occur, as petrol forming part of a
in a steering column, the drive carburettor, in which a float
being transmitted either by maintains the desired level by
tension-stressed fabric discs or rising as the level of the fuel
pressurized rubber blocks: Khôùp rises and closing the needle
noái meàm. valve in the float chamber cover
z flexible drive n. drive to shut off the supply: Bình giöõ
consisting of a cable in an outer möïc, buoàng phao.
sheath, used for mainly light z float needle = needle in the
applications such as needle valve which rises with
speedometers, rev counters and the float and shuts off the fuel
windscreen wipers: Söï truyeàn supply when it reaches its seat:
ñoäng baèng daây caùp meàm. Kim phao.
z flexible (drive) handle n. z floating a. free to move
drive-handle with pivoting head (within prescribed limits): Di

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floating-caliper disc brake fluid clutch or fluid coupling

chuyeån töï do (trong giôùi haïn) flow n. passing of liquid or current

z floating-caliper disc brake = through something, also the
disc brake with a single piston, in amount conveyed: Doøng, luoàng,
which the caliper itself can move löu löôïng.
to bring both pads into contact z flow control = regulation of
with the disc: Boä keïp phanh ñóa the amount of fluid passing
di ñoäng. through a pump, especially
z floating frame = frame which important under changing
holds the cylinder assembly and operating conditions: Söï ñieàu
is supported by the mounting khieån löu löôïng.
frame, usually made of heavy- z flow detachment = deviation
gauge sheet steel: Khung ñoäng of the gas flow into the cylinder
treo from its ideal path, thus losing its
z floating piston = stability, caused by swirl and/ or
SECONDARY PISTON: Piston improper combustion chamber
soá 2 (trong xylanh phanh design etc.: Söï laøm treäch
chính). höôùng doøng chaûy.
flood v. to allow too much fuel to flow rate = amount of liquid
enter (the carburettor, the conveyed by a pump per unit of
engine): Traøn xaêng time: Toác ñoä doøng chaûy, löu
flooded engine = engine in which too löôïng bôm
much fuel has been drawn into z flowmeter n. meter
the cylinders during attempted indicating the amount of liquid
starting so that ignition is no passing through, used for
longer possible: Ñoäng cô bò instance to supply information to
ngoäp xaêng. a fuel consumption indicator:
floor n. flat base panel of a vehicle: Löu löôïng keá, löu toác keá.
Saøn xe. fluid n. substance which flows, e.g. a
z floor (gear) change = liquid or a gas: Chaát loûng.
gearchange with the gear lever z fluid capacities = amounts of
mounted on the floor: Caàn sang oil, water and fuel required to fill
soá ñaët treân saøn xe the sump, gearbox, axle,
z floor mat = additional loose radiator, fuel tank, etc: Dung
rubber or carpeting mat on the tích bình chöùa (xaêng, daàu hoäp
car floor: Thaûm loùt saøn. soá)
US floor shift = FLOOR z fluid clutch or fluid coupling
(GEAR) CHANGE = hydraulically acting coupling
z floorpan n. generally by which power can be
synonymous with floor, but can transmitted, used as an automatic
mean the whole platform on clutch with a driving and a
which the body is built up: Saøn driven rotor revolving in oil
xe. which acts as the transmission

137
fluid flywheel Foettinger coupling

medium: Ly hôïp thuûy löïc, khôùp outwards by centrifugal force as

noái thuûy löïc. speed increases: Quaû vaêng,
z fluid flywheel = kind of fluid troïng löôïng ly taâm
coupling in which the flywheel is z flywheel n. heavy metal
the driving rotor: Baùnh ñaø daãn wheel that is attached to the
ñoäng baèng thuûy löïc. crankshaft and rotates with it,
z fluid level warning indicator helping to smooth out the power
= warning light on the instrument surges from the engine power
panel which comes on when the strokes and serving as a
level of hydraulic fluid in the mounting for the clutch: Baùnh
braking system is too low: Ñeøn ña.
chæ baùo möïc daàu thaéng z flywheel generator = small
flush 1 a. level with the surrounding alternator of the rotating magnet
surface:Ngang baèng, baèng type attached to one end of the
phaúng. crankshaft and spinning with it,
z flush-mounted speaker = acting as an additional flywheel;
speaker mounted in a cutout in now only used in mopeds or
the interior trim so that it does scooters: Voâ laêng töø gaén treân
not project out: Loa ñöôïc laép xe maùy.
chìm. z flywheel magneto = magneto
(NOTE: opposite is surface- mounted in the flywheel of a
mounted speaker) small engine, often a two-stroke:
2 v. to clean out (the engine, Voâ laêng töø.
gearbox, radiator, etc. ) by z flywheel ring gear =
running a special liquid through STARTER RING GEAR: Voøng
it: Laøm saïch baèng caùch phun raêng baùnh ñaø.
chaát loûng z flywheel turner = special tool
z flushing oil = thin oil for used for hand cranking of the
cleaning out the sump, oil ways, engine while working on
etc: Daàu laøm saïch. clutches, gearbox, etc. or doing
flux n. chemical used in soldering jobs that require the crankshaft
and welding to prevent to be in a specific position;
oxidizing: Chaát cho vaøo khi consists of a handle and lever to
haøn ñeå choáng oxi hoaù hook into the starter ring teeth:
flylead n. short lead with a terminal Duïng cuï quay baùnh ñaø.
at the end fitted to a component FM = FREQUENCY MODULATION:
as supplied: Ñaàu noái. Soùng FM ( radio)
z fly nut n. = WING NUT: foaming n. formation of bubbles in
Ñai oác coù caùnh (oác böôùm) the oil of a gearbox, back axle or
z flyweight n. weight such as shock absorber, etc: Söï taïo boït,
that in a centrifugal advance söï noåi boït (cuûa daàu)
mechanism which is thrown Foettinger coupling n. torque-

138
fog lamp Ford

converting fluid coupling foot.

Foettinger: Khôùp noái kieåu z foot pump n. tyre pump
Foetting. operated by the foot: Caùi bôm
fog lamp n. (a) (mounted at the xe ñaïp chaân
front) lamp giving a wide low z footwell n. recess in the
beam which penetrates fog, rain, floor below the feet of the rear
etc. and illuminates the sides of seat occupants, but may also be
the road: Ñeøn söông muø phía used for the space used by the
tröôùc. feet of people in the front of
(b) (mounted at the rear) red seats: Choå ñeå chaân.
light of the same intensity as a force n. any push or pull exerted on
brake light: Ñeøn söông muø sau an object, measured in newtons
phía sau. (N) in the SI (international
folding rear seats n. rear seats in a system of units), although usage
hatchback or estate car which of the superseded units based on
fold forwards into the footwells feet, pounds and ounces is still
to give a more or less flat frequent: Löïc, söùc.
loading area: Gheá xeáp phía sau. forced circulation n. cooling system
z folding top n. soft top of a in which a pump is used to
convertible which can be folded circulate the coolant: Söï tuaàn
away: Mui xeáp. hoaøn cöôõng böùc, chuyeån ñoäng
follow-up spark n. secondary spark cöôõng böùc (laøm maùt)
occurring when a spark is z forced downshift n. US =
extinguished and reignited in the KICK-DOWN
course of the spark duration, z forced-feed lubrication n.
especially if the mixture is lubrication system as used in all
turbulent: Tia löûa phuï (tieáp modern four-stroke engines, in
theo löûa chính) which an engine-drive pump
foot brake n. main braking system forces the oil through external
operated by the foot pedal: pipes, to the main areas of stress
Phanh chaân. in the engine: Söï boâi trôn
z foot pedal = pedal on the floor cöôõng böùc.
in front of the driver, especially forced-induction system n. system in
the brake pedal: Baøn ñaïp which either a conventional
z footprint n. = CONTACT supercharger or a turbocharger,
PATCH: Veát tieáp xuùc or even a combination of both, is
z foot-pound (force) n. unit of used to increase intake pressure
work or energy in the old fps and force the mixture into the
system equal to the force needle cylinders: Heä thoáng naïp cöôõng
to move one pound through one böùc (taêng aùp)
foot: Ñôn vò tính coâng cuûa moät force fit n. = PRESS FIT
löïc ñeå di chuyeån 1 pound suoát 1 Ford n. second largest car

139
Ford-type lug four-link rear suspension

manufacturer in the world (after desired shape is produced by

GM): Haõng xe Ford. hammering: Caùc ñe goã (laøm
z Ford-type lug or terminal = ñoàng xe)
special type of battery formula n. detailed specification,
connection consisting of a flat e.g. for a particular class of
lug with nut and bolt between the motor racing: Coâng thöùc, theå
battery cables and terminal thöùc
posts: Ñaàu cöïc aéc quy kieåu z Formula 1 = formula
Ford. according to which racing cars
fore and aft adjustment n. are built for the major Grand
ability to move, for example, a Prix races counting for the World
seat forwards and backwards: Championship: Xe ñua theå thöùc
Khaû naêng ñieâu chænh chaïy tôùi 1.
hoaëc lui (gheá) ñieàu chænh tôùi Fottinger coupling see
tröôùc vaø sau. FOETTINGER
forge v. to shape (metal) when hot foul v. (a) to clog or cover (a
by hammering or similar sparking plug) with deposits:
mechanical action: Reøn kim loaïi Ñoùng muoäi than (bougie)
z forging n. piece of forged (b) to get in the way of obstruct
metal: Kim loaïi reøn (another part): Bò taéc ngheõn,
forked a. with one end in the shape caûn
of a Y: Caùi nóa, caùi chóa, hình four-cycle a. US = FOUR-
chaïc. STROKE: Boán kyø.
z forked con rod = special split z four-cylinder engine n.
con rod to take two pistons for typical engine type used in most
uniflow-scavenging two-stroke small to medium-size cars and
engines with two pistons per commercial vehicles, and in
cylinder: Thanh truyeàn hình some large and powerful
chöõ Y. motorcycles: Ñoäng cô boán
z forked rocker (arm) = rocker xylanh.
arm operating two valves with its z four-door a. having two
forked end: Coø moå suùpaùp hình doors on each side, the typical
chaïc, hình chöõ Y layout for family saloons and
z fork-lift truck n. small exective cars: Loaïi xe hôi boán
vehicle used for loading in cöûa.
factories, warehouses, docks, z four-link rear suspension n.
etc., with two arms at the front independent rear suspension
projecting forwards which fit into layout, also used on live rear
pallets and can be raised axle, in which each wheel is
lowered: Xe naâng haøng. guided by two control arms, one
former n. shaped wooden block for mounted longitudinally, the other
use in panel beating, on which a mounted transversely or almost

140
four-spark ignition coil frame gauge

transversely, thus providing FWD) n. layout in which all

lateral location for the axle: Heä four wheels are driven , giving
thoáng treo sau vôùi 4 thanh noái. better traction on slippery
z four-spark ignition coil n. surfaces such as mud or grass,
ignition coil with two primary making it ideal for off-road
windings and one secondary vehicles and also giving better
winding: Boâbin vôùi hai cuoän sô adhesion and handling for road
vaø moät cuoän thöù vôùi diod cao use: Xe boán baùnh chuû ñoäng, xe
aùp ñeå ñaùnh löûa 4 xy lanh hai caàu chuû ñoäng.
z four-speed gearbox or z four-wheel drive with
transmission n. gearbox with constant or fixed power
four forward speeds: Hoäp soá 4 distribution = layout in which
toác ñoä. the amount of power delivered to
z four-stroke orUS four-cycle the front and rear wheels
a. operating in accordance with respectively cannot be varied: 4
the four-stroke cycle: Boán thì. baùnh chuû ñoäng vôùi söï phaân
z four-stroke cycle = operating phoái coâng suaát khoâng ñoåi
principle of most spark ignition z four-wheel steering n.
and diesel engines, the four steering system which steers the
strokes which complete the cycle rear as well as the front wheels:
being: induction, compression, Heä thoáng laùi 4 baùnh.
power, and exhaust stroke: Chu FPS or fps (short for) foot-pound-
kyø ñoäng cô 4 thì. second
(NOTE: compare two-stroke z FPS system = former imperial
cycle) system of units, superseded by
z fourth (gear) n. highest gear the SI system FPS: Heä thoáng
in a four-speed gearbox, and ñôn vò ño löôøng FPS.
second highest in a five-speed frame n. structure which is open in
gearbox: Soá 4. the centre, especially a general
z four-valve a. (engine or term referring to the underbody
cylinder head) with two inlet and backbone of the car, both for
two exhaust valves per cylinder unitary or separate chassis
and any number of cylinders: designs: Khung xe.
Boán xuù paùp. z frame damage = type of
z four-wheel drift n. damage to the body that involves
cornering technique used in damage to the structural
motor racing in which the car members of the car, usually
takes the corner in an resulting from accident impact:
intentionally induced sideways Söï hö hoûng khung xe (do ñuïng)
slide: Tröôït boán baùnh khi quay z frame gauge = measuring
voøng instrument for determining car
z four-wheel drive (4WD or body misalignment: Thieát bò ño

141
frameless frequency valve

söï leäch khung xe tröôùc

z frameless a. having no frenching n. shaping the surrounds
frame: Khoâng coù khung. of headlights, tail lights, number
z frameless construction = plate frames, etc. into a smooth
unitary construction: Caáu truùc contour when customizing, so
khoâng khung, khoâng giaøn, caáu that the actual lights, etc. recede
truùc ñôn nhaát. a little towards the interior of the
z frameless window = window panel aperture and the chrome
in an opening door which is not bezel or other surround looks as
entirely surrounded by a frame: though it is part of the body
Cöûa kính khoâng khung. panel: Ñöôøng vieàn, ñöôøng bao.
z frame member n. any box- Freon-12 (R-12) n. refrigerant used
section member which forms part in air conditioners: Chaát laøm
of the structural components of laïnh R-12
the vehicle chassis: Thanh noái frequency n. in relation to a radio
khung xe. station, number of cycles per
z frame structure n. all second expressed in hertz at
structural parts of the car which which it broadcasts: Taàn soá.
contribute to the rigidity of the frequency modulation (FM) = system
body, both for unitary designs of broad-casting using VHF:
and for cars with a separate Soùng FM (radio)
chassis: Keát caáu khung xe. frequency range = BANDWIDTH:
franchised dealer n. = Ñoä roäng baêng taàn, daõi ñaøi
AUTHORIZED DEALER: Ñaïi (radio)
lyù uûy quyeàn mua baùn. frequency scan button = button
freeway n. American type of which, when pressed, causes the
multiple-lane motorway without tuner to scan the frequencies of
toll charges, with over-passes or the preset waveband for stations
underpasses at all intersections with sufficient signal strength:
and with fully controlled access Nuùt raø, queùt taàn soá.
for intersecting roads, and a z frequency valve n. valve
speed limit of typically 60 mph: fitted in the fuel distributor of
Ñöôøng cao toác, xa loä. some vehicles with a continuous
z freewheel (ing) hub n. type injection system and catalytic
of hub fitted to the front axle of converter, which continually
some four wheel drive vehicles, adjusts the air/fuel ratio to
in which the drive to the front varying engine operating
wheels can be disconnected conditions, being controlled by a
when the front axle is not being voltage signal supplied by the
driven: Loaïi truïc baùnh xe trong oxygen sensor and by an ECM:
truyeàn ñoäng 4 baùnh cho pheùp Van ñieàu chænh tyû leä hoaø khí
khoâng truyeàn ñoäng ñeán caàu (phun K)

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fretting corrosion front-axle and rear-axle split

fretting corrosion n. corrosion discs are inserted at the point

occurring where two surfaces are where the two arms are joined,
in contact and friction results, now no longer used in car
e.g. at mechanical joints in suspensions: Boä giaûm xoùc kieåu
vibrating structures: Söï aên moøn ma saùt.
do tieáp xuùc. z friction welding n. welding
friction n. force which opposes the process in which two surfaces
relative motion of two bodies: are heated by means of friction;
Söï ma saùt when melting has occurred at the
z frictional a. caused by the interface, pressure is maintained
friction between moving parts: to consolidate the weld during
Do ma saùt. cooling of the material: Kyõ
z friction bearing n. = PLAIN thuaät haøn ma saùt.
BEARING frogeye n. (informal) nickname for
z friction clutch n. the Series 1 Austin-Healey
conventional clutch transmitting Sprite produced from 1858-1962,
drive by mechanical friction, as which had the headlamps
opposed to a fluid coupling: Ly projecting above the bonnet line:
hôïp ma saùt. Xe coù ñeøn ñaàu kieåu maét eách.
z friction damper n. = front n. (a) front seats of a car: Phía
FRICTION SHOCK tröôùc.
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm xoùc kieåu (b) = FRONT END
ma saùt. z frontal crash or impact n. =
z friction horsepower (FHP) FRONT-END IMPACT: Söï va
n. power consumed by frictional chaïm phaàn ñaàu xe.
losses: Coâng suaát tieâu hao do z front apron n. panel behind
ma saùt and below the front bumper,
z friction lining n. wear- joining the bottom ends of the
resistant friction material used front wings: Taám chaén phía
for clutch and brake linings: Lôùp tröôùc.
boá z front axle n. axle to which
z friction losses n. loss of the front wheels are attached:
power due to friction between Caàu tröôùc.
the moving parts of the engine: z front-axle/ rear-axle split =
Toån hao coâng suaát do ma saùt dual-circuit braking system in
z friction pad n. = BRAKE which one circuit brakes the
PAD: Boá phanh front axle only, the other circuit
z friction plate n. driven plate brakes the rear axle only: Phanh
of a clutch to which the friction ñöôïc phaân chia 2 maïch cho caàu
lining is attached: Ñóa ma saùt. tröôùc vaø caàu sau.
z friction shock absorber n. z front-axle and rear-axle split
shock absorber in which friction = dual-circuit braking system in

143
front bumper front-wheel drive (FWD)

which each circuit brakes both z front panel n. panel joining

the front axle and the rear axle: the front wings and forming a
Söï phaân chia maïch daàu cho caû mounting for the headlamps,
hai caàu (phanh) grille and air ducts into the
z front bumper n. bumper engine compartment, which is
protecting the front of the often identical with the front
vehicle, combined in modern apron where no separate apron is
cars with a front spoiler or air fitted below the front panel:
dam: Thanh caûn phía tröôùc. Phaàn khung tröôùc ñaàu xe
z front differential n. z front pillar n. = A-PILLAR:
differential in the front axle of a Coät truï ngieâng phía tröôùc cuûa
four-wheel drive vehicle: Boä vi khung cöûa tröôùc.
sai phía tröôùc (4WD) z front pipe n. first section of
z front disc/ rear drum brakes the exhaust system from the
n. typical brake system layout in exhaust manifold to the silencer
less expensive cars: Loaïi phanh (or front silencer where there are
troáng baùnh sau, phanh ñóa two): OÁng giaûm aâm phía tröôùc.
baùnh tröôùc. z front seat n. seat in the front
z front end n. body area of the passenger cabin for the
incorporating the leading edge of front seat passenger: Gheá tröôùc
the wings, the head-lights, zthe front seats = the front
radiator grille and bumper, i.e. passenger’s and driver’s seats:
the full area that makes up the Gheá tröôùc.
frontal appearance of the car: z front silencer n. first and
Ñaàu xe main silencer in an exhaust
z front-end impact = impact as system where there are two: Boä
the result of a head-on collision: giaûm aâm phía tröôùc.
Söï va chaïm phaàn ñaàu xe z front spoiler n. air deflector
z front engine n. engine on the front of a car,
located at the front of a vehicle aerodynamically designed to cut
above the front suspension, the the wind resistance around the
most common layout, which may car, for improved handling
be combined with either rear- control, stability, traction, and
wheel or front-wheel drive: better fuel economy: Taám ñieàu
Ñoäng cô ñaët phía tröôùc. chænh ñoä ngaång phía tröôùc.
z front nose section n. front z front suspension n.
section of car bodies that use one assembly of linkages and springs
single structure to make up the supporting the front wheels: Heä
front end, i.e. including the thoáng treo phía tröôùc.
radiator grille surround, both z front-wheel drive (FWD) n.
wings, front apron, etc.: Phaàn configuration in which the drive
phía tröôùc ñaàu xe. is taken from the engine to the

144
fsh fuel filter

front wheels, which propel the z fuel consumption n. amount

vehicle: Xe caàu tröôùc chuû ñoäng. of fuel used, expressed in miles
fsh (in advertisement) = FULL per gallon in Britain and the
SERVICE HISTORY USA, whereas the international
FTP = FEDERAL TEST measure is litres per 100
PROCEDURE: Quy trình kieåm kilometres: Löôïng nhieân lieäu
tra xe lieân bang. tieâu hao
FTP test cycle = method of testing (NOTE: US English is fuel
automotive emissions for mileage)
compliance with emission z fuel consumption indicator =
standards by simulating typical instrument using a flowmeter to
driving conditions – which indicate mpg at any given
differs from other test cycles moment on a journey: Ñoàng hoà
such as the European ECE test, baùo möùc tieâu hao nhieân lieäu.
so that the results cannot be z fuel cut-off switch n. =
compared: Chu kyø kieåm tra lieân FUEL PUMP (SHUT-OFF)
bang. SWITCH: Coâng taéc ngaét nhieân
fuel n. substance burned as a source lieäu.
of heat of power, that used in an z fuel distributor n. device
engine being a liquid or a gas: constituting the mixture control
Nhieân lieäu. unit together with the airflow
fuel accumulator n. device in the K- sensor: Boä phaân phoái nhieân
Jetronic fuel injection system lieäu, boä chia xaêng (kieåu K)
which serves to absorb the initial z fuel economy n. = FUEL
pressure surge when a fuel pump CONSUMPTION: Tính kinh teá
starts: Boä tích luõy nhieân lieäu, boä nhieân lieäu.
tích naêng (phun K) z fuel filler flap n. usually
fuel additive n. preparation added to locking flap which has to be
fuel to improve its properties: opened to gain access to the fuel
Chaát phuï gia theâm vaøo trong cap: Naép khoùa choã ñoå xaêng daàu
nhieân lieäu. z fuel filler neck = upper end of
z fuel cap n. cap on the top of the fuel filler tube leading down
the tube leading to the fuel tank: to the fuel tank, which accepts
Naép bình nhieân lieäu. the fuel hose nozzle at the filling
z fuel charge n. air/ fuel station: Coå oáng ñoå nhieân lieäu
mixture delivered to the (töø caây xaêng)
combustion chamber: Söï naïp z fuel filler tube = tube leading
hoøa khí down to the fuel tank: OÁng daãn
z fuel computer n. = FUEL nhieân lieäu xuoáng thuøng
CONSUMPTION INDICATOR: z fuel filter n. filter in the fuel
Ñoàng hoà baùo möùc tieâu hao line intended to prevent any dirt
nhieân lieäu. from passing into the carburettor

145
fuel gauge fuel system

or injection system: Loïc nhieân z fuel pressure n. pressure

lieäu. under which fuel is delivered to
z fuel gauge n. instrument the injectors by the fuel pump,
which shows the amount of fuel governed by the pressure
in the fuel tank: Ñoàng hoà möïc regulator: Aùp suaát nhieân lieäu.
xaêng. z fuel pump n. electrical or
fuel-injected engine n. petrol mechanical device in the fuel
engine with a fuel injection system which draws fuel from
system rather than a carburettor the fuel tank and delivers it to
or carburettors: Ñoäng cô phun the carburettor or fuel injection
xaêng. system: Bôm nhieân lieäu.
z fuel injection (FI) n. system fuel pump (shut-off) switch = switch
used in all diesel engines and which shuts off the electric fuel
most modern petrol engines, in pump and fuel to the engine in
which fuel is sprayed under the even of a major collision:
pressure into the engine, and not Coâng taéc caét bôm nhieân lieäu
sucked as with a carburettor: Söï (khi tai naïn)
phun nhieân lieäu. z fuel rail n. manifold tube
z fuel injection engine = petrol feeding the injectors in a fuel
engine with a fuel injection injection system: Ñöôøng oáng
system: Ñoäng cô phun xaêng. daãn nhieân lieäu ñeán kim phun
z fuel injection pump = pump z fuel return line n. pipe
which receives fuel from the fuel returning surplus fuel to the tank
tank (often through the fuel-feed from the carburettor (s) or an
pump in the case of diesel injector: Ñöôøng oáng hoài nhieân
engines) and delivers it under lieäu.
pressure to the injectors: Bôm z fuel starvation n. failure of
cao aùp. the fuel system to supply
z fuel injector n. injector in a sufficient fuel to allow the
fuel injection system which engine to run properly, due to a
sprays petrol into the inlet ports, blockage or vapour lock or
or diesel either directly into the malfunction of the fuel pump: Söï
combustion chamber or into a thieáu nhieân lieäu.
pre-chamber: Kim phun. z fuel supply n. delivery of
fuel line n. metal, plastic or rubber fuel to the carburettor or
pipe conveying fuel from the injection system: Söï cung caáp
fuel tank to the fuel pump and nhieân lieäu, söï tieáp vaän nhieân
carburettor or fuel injectors: lieäu.
Ñöôøng oáng daãn nhieân lieäu. z fuel system n. system that
z fuel mileage n. US = FUEL delivers the fuel and air to the
CONSUMPTION: Tính kinh teá engine cylinders, comprising the
nhieân lieäu. fuel tank and lines, fuel pump,

146
fuel tank fully floating axle

carburettor or fuel injection when the throttle is fully opened:

system, and inlet manifold: Heä Söï laøm giaøu hoãn hôïp khi ñaày
thoáng nhieân lieäu. taûi.
z fuel tank n. reservoir from z full lock: Goùc queïo (baùnh
which fuel is taken for the xe) lôùn nhaát.
engine: Bình, thuøng nhieân lieäu. z full service history (FSH) n.
fuel tank sender = level sensor in the documents which show all the
fuel tank, providing information work carried out on a vehicle,
to the fuel gauge: Caûm bieán especially the regular services
möïc nhieân lieäu. required by the manufacturer: Soå
fuel vapour n. (a) atomized baûo döôõng xe
air/ fuel mixture heated in the z full-size car n. largest type
engine, ready for combustion: of car according to American car
Hoøa khí vôùi nhieân lieäu ñaõ boác categories: Loaïi xe côõ lôùn nhaát
hôi z full throttle n. fully open
(b) fumes given off by a fuel: position of the throttle: Caùnh
Boác hôi nhieân lieäu. böôùm ga môû hoaøn toaøn.
z fuel vapour recirculation (NOTE: US English is wide open
system = EVAPORATIVE throttle)
EMISSION CONTROL z at full throttle = with the
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt throttle fully open: Vôùi böôùm ga
oâ nhieãm do hôi xaêng. môû hoaøn toaøn
fulcrum n. point on which a part z to be going full throttle or
pivots, especially a lever: Ñieåm full bore = to be going as fast as
töïa choát quay, truïc baûn leà. one can, with the accelerator
z fulcrum pin = pin which acts fully depressed: Ñaïp heát ga.
as a pivot, such as a kingpin: z full throttle enrichment =
Truïc quay. FULL LOAD ENRICHMENT:
full bore n. = FULL THROTTLE: Söï laøm giaøu khi ñaày taûi.
Böôùm ga môû hoaøn toaøn. zfull-time four-wheel drive n.
z full-flow filter n. filter = PERMANENT FOUR-
through which all the oil in the WHEEL DRIVE
engine passes: Baàu loïc daàu. full electronic ignition (FEI) n.
z full load n. engine operating distributorless, mapped ignition
conditions where the accelerator system with cylinder-selective
is fully depressed, i.e. the knock control, dwell-angle
throttle is fully open, which does control, and digital idling speed
not necessarily mean high stabilization: Söï ñaùnh löûa hoaøn
engine speed: Ñaày taûi (ñaïp ga toaøn baèng ñieän töû (tröïc tieáp)
lôùn) z fully floating axle n. live
zfull load enrichment= rear axle assembly in which the
provision of a richer mixture axle shafts, the total vehicle

147
fully galvanized body FWD

weight and cornering

loads being transferred directly fuse 1 n. device containing a thin
from the wheel bearings to the piece of wire which melts when
axle housing: Baùn truïc chòu taûi the current is excessive and thus
hoaøn toaøn, caàu xe treo hoaøn opens the electrical circuit in
toaøn. which it is placed, to protect
z fully galvanized body n. body equipment in the circuit: Caàu
shell which, apart from chì.
aluminium and plastic parts, is 2 v. (a) to melt, and (sometimes)
produced entirely of double- become united in the process:
sided galvanized steel and Tan ra, chaûy ra.
galvanizing fluid: Thaân xe ñöôïc (b) (of electrical equipment) to
maï keõm hoaøn toaøn. fail as the result of a fuse
fumes n. evil-smelling vapours given blowing: Khoâng hoaït ñoäng do
off by a liquid or a gas, which ñöùt caàu chì
may be poisonous: Hôi coù muøi z fuse box n. unit with a
(xaêng, ga) removable cover that holds the
functional a. (a) capable of fuses for the various electrical
working: Coù theå hoaït ñoäng circuits, which are all routed
(b) practical, designed not for through it: Hoäp caàu chì.
decoration but solely with a FWD = FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE or
particular use in mind: Thieát (less commonly) FOUR-WHEEL
thöïc. DRIVE: Xe caàu tröôùc chuû ñoäng
funnel n. cup-shaped object tapering hoaëc xe hai caàu chuû ñoäng.
at the bottom to a small hole and
a spout, used for pouring oil, fuel
or water into relatively small
openings: Caùi pheãu

148
g garage

Gg

g (symbol for) acceleration of free fall z galvanized coating = zinc

due to gravity: Gia toác troïng (based) coating applied by
tröôøng. galvanizing: Lôùp keõm maï
gage n. US=GAUGE: Maùy ño, söï ño z galvanizing n. application of
ñaïc zinc coatings on the surface of a
gaiter n. BOOT (b): Voû chuïp, voû metal, by hot dipping or
chaén buïi. electrodeposition: Söï maï
gal (short for) GALLON z galvanizing bath = bath for
GALFAN: trademark for a special hot-dip galvanizing or
type of hot-dip galvanized steel electrogalvanizing: Boàn maï
sheet with a coating consisting of galvannealing n. thermal process
a zinc alloy containing 5% which gives improved adhesion to
Aluminium and rare earths: Teân hot-dip galvanized steel sheets:
thöông maïi cuûa moät loaïi theùp Quaù trình nung tröôùc khi maï ñeå
traùng keõm chöùa nhoâm taêng ñoä baùm
Gallon n. unit of capacity: gallon - gamma layer n. part of the zinc-iron
Ñôn vò ño dung tích. alloy layer on hot-dip galvanized
(NOTE: 1 British gallon (UK gal) iron and steel containing 21-28%
= 4.546 litres; 1 US gallon (US iron: Lôùp maï gamma (Zn-Fe).
gal) = 3.785 litres) gantry n. structure with an overhead
Galvalume trademark for a special beam, used for lifting out an
type of hot-dip galvanized steel engine: Caàn truïc nhaác ñoäng cô
sheet with a coating consisting of (ra khoûi xe).
55% Aluminium, 43.4 % Zinc and gap n. space between two parts,
1.6% Silicon: Thöông hieäu cuûa especially between electric
moät loaïi theùp traùng. points: Khe hôû, ñoä hôû.
galvanic a. concerned with an z gap bridging = formation of
electrical current: Lieân quan ñeán carbon or other deposits across the
doøng ñieän, gavanic. sparking plug gap which shorten
z galvanic cell = cell which the plug: Söï ñoùng chaáu bougie.
converts chemical energy into z gap style = the arrangement of
electrical energy by irreversible electrodes in a parking plug: Caùc
chemical reactions: Pin ñieän. kieåu boá trí ñieän cöïc bougie
z galvanic corrosion = corrosion z gapper n. us (informal)=
due to the action of a galvanic: Söï FEELER GAUGE: Côõ laù.
aên moøn ñieän hoùa. garage 1 n. (a) building in which to
galvanize v. to plate with zinc by hot keep a motor vehicle (b) premises
dipping or electrodeposition (to on which motor vehicle are
protect from rust): Maï keõm repaired or serviced and/ or where
fuel is sold: Garage, nhaø ñeå oâtoâ.

149
garaged gas station

2 v. to keep in a garage: Giöõ oâtoâ khí thaûi)

trong garage. gas guzzler n. (informal US) car that
z garaged a. kept in a garage: uses a lot of petrol: Söï hao xaêng.
Giöõ trong garage. gasket n. seal: Ñeäm kín, roong.
(NOTE: in advertisements, often z gasket punch = tool used to cut
abbreviated to gar’d) holes in gaskets and other soft
z garage jack n. powerful materials: Caùi ñoät loã roong.
hydraulic jack used in garages: z gasket scraper = scraper with
Caàu naâng thuûy löïc duøng trong a chisel edge for scraping
garage. surfaces clean before installing
garter spring n. long, thin coil spring new gaskets such as water-pump,
with ends joined to form a ring: cylinder head, crankcase or
Loø xo troøn (trong baïc nhôùt) timing chain cover gaskets: Duïng
gas n. (a) state of matter, like air, cuï caïo roong.
which has no definite shape or gasohol n. a gasoline/ alcohol blend
volume (b) mainly US (short for) containing 10% ethanol and 90%
gasoline: Khí, khí ñoát, xaêng unleaded petrol: Hoãn hôïp xaêng
z step on the gas = put your foot vaø coàn.
down on the accelerator, i.e. go gasoline n. US = PETROL: Xaêng.
faster: Taêng ga. gas pedal n. US = ACCELERATOR:
z gas chamber n. pressure Baøn ñaïp ga.
chamber of a single-tube shock gas prop n. gas-assisted strut (e.g. of
absorber: Buoàng aùp suaát cuûa hatch, tailgate): Truï choáng trôï
giaûm xoùc 1 oáng. löïc khí (cöûa ñuoâi)
z gas damper n. gas shock gas pump n. US = PETROL PUMP:
(absorber): Boä giaûm chaán khí. Bôm xaêng.
gas discharge headlight n. motor gas shock (absorber) n. gas-assisted
vehicle headlight with a gas shock absorber: Boä giaûm chaán
discharge lamp: Ñeøn ñaàu cao aùp khí.
(loaïi neùn khí) gas spring n. pressurized, nitrogen-
z gas discharge lamp = filled sphere, used in Hydragas
discharge lamp in which light is and hydropneumatic suspension
generated by gas discharge: Boùng systems: Loø xo (ñeäm) khí (heä
ñeøn saùng nhôø phoùng khí thoáng treo)
Gaseous a. referring to gas: Theå khí. gassing n. the formation of explosive
z gaseous discharge headlight gas in the form of small bubbles in
or lamp = GAS DISCHARGE a battery when charging continues
HEADLIGHT or LAMP: ñeøn after the battery has been
ñaàu hoaëc boùng ñeøn khí completely charge: Söï suûi boït
z gas flow n. flow of the air /fuel khí baùo naïp no
mixture or the exhaust gases in an gas station n. US = FILLING
engine: Doøng khí (hoøa khí hoaëc STATION, PETROL STATION:

150
gas-tight gear level

Traïm (caây) xaêng. diameter to change the power

gas-tight n. sealed to prevent the ratio of the engine: Baùnh raêng.
passage of gas: Söï laøm kín khí. z gears = arrangement of gear-
gas welding n. welding process widely wheel working together: Boä baùnh
used in body repair shops (now raêng.
being gradually replaced by MIG (b) one of the combination of
welding): Kyõ thuaät haøn gioù ñaù, gear; (a) in a gearbox that a driver
haøn hôi. selects to impart motion to a car:
(NOTE: also called oxyacetylene Hoäp soá.
welding) z gearbox n. metal casing for the
gate n. slotted plate in the shape of an gear (a) assembly: Hoäp soá.
H, controlling the movements of a (NOTE: US English is gearcase
gear lever in a sliding mesh or transmission)
geaxbox (pre-1930s): Taám daãn z gearbox input shaft = shaft
höôùng caàn sang soá. which transmits power from the
gauge or US gage n. (a) tool for clutch to the gearbox: Ñaàu truïc
checking whether clearances vaøo hoäp soá.
between parts, or the shape and z gearbox output shaft = shaft
dimensions of pieces being which transmits the drive out of
worked comply with specified the gearbox: Ñaàu truïc ra hoäp soá.
tolerance requirements: Duïng cuï z gearcase n. US= GEARBOX:
ño Hoäp soá.
(b) instrument for measuring a z gearchange n. process of
quantity; typical gauge are fuel changing gears: Söï sang soá.
level, coolant temperature, and oil (NOTE: US English is shifting)
pressure gauges on an instrument, z gearchange cables = cables
and oil pressure gauges on an that in rare cases operate the
instrument panel and oil pressure gearbox; normally a system of
gauges to measure the pressure of rods and joints (linkages) are used:
air in a tyre: ñoàng hoà ño Daây caùp sang soá.
(c) the thickness or diameter of z gearchange linkage or
various materials such as wire or mechanism = systems of rods and
sheet metal: beà daøy hoaëc ñöôøng joints used to operate the gearbox:
kính Cô caáu sang soá.
GAWR = GROSS AXLE WEIGHT z gear knob n. knob at the end of
RATING: xeáp loaïi toång troïng a gear lever: Nuùt baám sang soá
löôïng truïc xe (treân caàn soá)
G-clamp n. screw-activated clamping z gear level or gearstick = stick
device in the shape of a G: Caùi used by the driver to change to
keïp hình chöõ G. gear in a manual gearbox: Caàn
gear n. (a) toothed wheel connecting soá.
with another wheel of different (NOTE: US English is gearshift,

151
gear oil generate

shifter, shift lever) raêng.

z gear oil n. motor oil used in z gear-type oil pump n. = GEAR
gear boxes and final drives; PUMP: Bôm baùnh raêng.
usually of higher viscosity than z gearwheel n. =GEAR : Baùnh
engine oil: Daàu hoäp soá. raêng.
z gear puller n. puller with two or gel 1 n. substance like a jelly: Gel,
more jaws and pressure screw for chaát seät.
pulling off gears, bearing, pulleys, 2 v. to become a gel: Trôû neân seät.
etc.: Caõo thaùo baùnh raêng, puli z gelling drier n. drier for PVC
Gear pump or gear-type oil pump n. sealants: Maùy laøm khoâ nhöïa
simplest oil pump with two gear traùm
wheels: Bôm baùnh raêng. Gemmer steering n. = CAM-AND
gear range n. choice of gears in an ROLLER STEERING: Heä thoáng
automatic gearbox; the typical laùi Gemmer (cam vaø bi ñuõa)
gear ranges are: P-Park, R- general corrosion n. in contrast to
Reverse, N- Neutral, D-Drive, L- pitting, a type of corrosion which
Low: Daõy soá, tay soá (hoäp soá töï affects the entire surface of a
ñoäng) metal: Söï aên moøn toaøn boä beà
gear ratio n. the number of maët.
revolutions of driving gear General Motor (GM) n. American
required to turn a driven gear vehicle manufacturer ; the largest
through one complete revolution: in the world: Coâng ty saûn xuaát
Tæ soá truyeàn baùnh raêng. oâtoâ cuûa Myõ.
gear selector n. lever that selects the (NOTE: British subsidiary is
gear in an automatic gearbox: Vauxhall and other European
Caàn soá trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng subsidiary is Opel)
gear selector indicator = indicator general purpose lacquer thinner n.
positioned in the instrument a type of thinner that may be used
cluster or on the centre console for both lacquers and synthetic
shift gate indicating which gear enamels without causing lifting or
has been selected in an automatic other paint faults: Chaát pha sôn
gearbox: Ñeøn baùo soá. ña naêng.
z gearshift n. US = general purpose pliers n. any kind of
GEARCHANGE: Söï sang soá. typical multi-purpose pliers: Kìm
z gearstick n. (informal) = GEAR ña naêng.
LEVER: Caàn soá. generate v. to produce: Phaùt ra, ñöa
z gear tooth n. indentation on the ra.
edge of a gearwheel: Raêng baùnh z generator n. (a) any type of
raêng. automotive electric power
z gear train n. system of gears generator, such as an alternator or
that transmits drive from one shaft dynamo: Maùy phaùt.
to another: Söï truyeàn ñoäng baùnh (b) US= DYNAMO

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geometry glow

geometry n. design, layout or coated with particles of glass,

arrangement of parts: Sô ñoà boá used for smoothing and polishing :
trí. Giaáy nhaùm mòn.
girder spanner n. adjustable z glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
spanner with jaws at right angles n. the basic material for the
to the handle: Moû leách. manufacture of fibreglass body
GL (short for) Grand Luxe, meaning shells and panels; it is made up of
more luxurious than a standard several layers of fibreglass mat or
model, L(=Luxe): Chöõ vieát taét cloth and various types of resins:
bieåu thò kieåu xe sang hôn xe tieâu Nhöïa ñöôïc gia coá thuûy tinh.
chuaån. Glass’s Guide n. monthly publication
gland n. seal that stops fluid under of second-hand car prices: Nguyeät
pressure leaking past a rotating or san quaûng caùo in giaù xe cuõ.
reciprocating shaft or rod: Naép glass seal n. a conducting seal in the
ñeäm, mieáng ñeäm, voøng ñeäm kín middle of some sparking plug
(ñaàu truïc). insulators connecting the top and
z glandless a. without a seal: bottom parts of the central
Khoâng coù ñeäm. electrode: Ñeäm ñieän cöïc trung
z glare 1 n. strong, bright light taâm bougie
(e.g. from oncoming traffic): AÙnh z glass tampering detector n.
saùng choùi töø xe ñoái dieän part of a vehicle alarm system that
2 v. to shine too brightly; to detects glass being struck or
dazzle: Laøm choùi maét broken: Caûm bieán baùo vôõ kính
z glass n. window pane: Kính, (heä thoáng baùo ñoäng).
cöûa glaze n. smooth, polished surface: Söï
z glass area = the window nhaün boùng.
surface area of a vehicle body; z glaze breaker = CYLINDER
may also refer to the whole area HONE: Ñaù maøi xy lanh..
of the body above the waist line: glazing n. glass fitted (or to be fitted)
Vuøng kính, dieäân tích kính. in a window: Söï laép kính (cöûa)
z US glass channel = WINDOW z glazing strip = moulded rubber
CHANNEL: Raõnh ñaët kính. strip for mounting windscreens
z glass fibre n. a very thin glass and other fixed glass: roong
thread, used loosely or in woven kính.
form as an acoustic, electrical, or gloss n. shine on a surface; lustre:
thermal insulating in laminated Nöôùc boùng , nöôùc laùng.
plastics: Sôïi thuûy tinh. glove compartment or US glovebox
z glass holder n. tool with n. small compartment in the
suction cup(s) to hold and carry dashboard for sundry objects:
glass: Duïng cuï giöõ kính baèng Hoäp ñöïng ñoà, ngaên chöùa gaêng
cheùn aùp thaáp tay.
z glasspaper n. abrasive paper glow v. to burn without flames:

153
glow coil grab

Xoâng, haâm noùng (khoâng coù ngoïn plastic body fillers: Baét ñaàu cöùng
löûa) (maùt tít)
z glow coil n. filament in a glow (NOTE: US English is kick)
plug: Daây toùc cuûa bougie xoâng. goose neck map light n. flexible-
z glow pencil n. pencil-like stemmed map lamp: Ñeøn ñoïc
heating element of a sheathed- saùch xoay ñöôïc (coå ngoãng)
type glow plug: Ñaàu bougie xoâng gouge n. a flat, relatively large dent
daïng buùt chì that has no hard contours so it can
glow plug n. the most important be reshaped by shrinking using
component in a preheating system heat or with a hammer and dolly:
of a diesel engine, used to preheat Caùi ñuïc, caùi ñuïc khum (laøm
the intake air or the combustion ñoàng)
chamber when the engine is cold: governor n. (a) engine speed
Bougie xoâng maùy. regulator: Boä ñieàu toác (ñoäng cô)
(NOTE: also called heater plug) (b) (automatic transmission
z glow plug indicator = control) transmission regulator:
monitoring element in a preheater Boä ñieàu chænh hoäp soá.
system, which changes the colour governor plate n. = CONTACT
of its filament in line with the BREAKER PLATE: Maâm löûa.
plug and indicating readiness for governor pressure n. (automatic
starting: Ñeøn baùo xoâng maùy. transmission control) pressure that
z glow plug / starter switch = varies in accordance with vehicle
key switch for turning on the speed and acts on the command
preheating system of a diesel valves, where it opposes the
engine and starting the car: Coâng control pressure: Aùp suaát laøm
taéc xoâng maùy. vieäc (hoäp soá).
glow n. preheating time of a diesel governor valves (GV) n. (automatic
engine: Thôøi gian xoâng tröôùc. transmission control) valve which
glow tube n. = GLOW PLUG: converts line pressure into
Bougie xoâng maùy. vehicle-speed dependent
glycol see ETHYLENEGLYCOL governor pressure: Van ly taâm.
GM = GENERAL MOTORS: Coâng governor weight n. (centrifugal
ty oâtoâ cuûa Myõ. advance mechanism) =
go dull or flat v. to lose (the) shine: ADVANCE WEIGHT: Troïng
Laøm môø, laøm ñuïc. löôïng ly taâm, quaû vaêng trong
goggles n.protective spectacles against delco.
dust and glare: Kính baûo hoä. grab v. (a) (brake) to come on
gold plating n. electrolytic deposition suddenly when the brake pedal is
of gold: Söï maï vaøng. pressed: Phanh ñoät ngoät
go off v. to begin to harden, the initial (b) (clutch) to take up the drive
phase of the hardening process of suddenly when the clutch pedal is
released: Baét ñoät ngoät (giaät) khi

154
grab handle gravity-feed spray gun

nhaû ly hôïp. töôïng xe treân tableau ñeå baùo

(NOTE: also callde snatch) cöûa chöa ñoùng.
z grab handle n. (a) part of a car z graphic equalizer n. unit in a
door interior used to pull the door car stereo system that adjusts the
shut: Tay keùo capoâ beân trong. audio output signal strength
grade n. degree of sandpaper separately for individual
coarseness: Ñoä thoâ cuûa giaáy frequency ranges; individual
nhaùm. frequencies can be emphasized to
gradient n.(i) the slope or inclination compensate for specific acoustic
of a road (ii) a measure of this, conditions: Nuùt chænh taàn soá aâm
expressed as the ratio of height thanh.
(or drop) to horizontal distance; a graphite n. form of carbon used in
steep hill might be 1 in 4, whilst a marking brushes for motors and
gradual slope might be 1 in 10: generators and as a lubricant:
Doác , ñoä doác. Grafit, than chì.
graduated tint n. tinted stripe at the z graphite grease = heavy-duty
upper edge of the windscreen: grease containing graphite, used
Vaønh roong kính for brake cables, etc.: Môõ grafit.
grain alcohol n. ETHANOL: Coàn. z graphitic corrosion = selective
grain coarsening or grain growth n. corrosion of grey cast iron,
roughening of the surface of a resulting in preferential removal
material: trôû neân xuø xì. of metallic constituents, leaving
Grand Luxe (GL) n. GL model = graphite: Söï aên moøn gan xaùm.
more luxurious model than a grass (heat) shield n. metal shield
standard: Kieåu sang troïng hôn fitted underneath a catalytic
loaïi tieâu chuaån. converter to reduce the risk of its
Grand Prix n. international car race heat starting an accidental grass
from which points are scored fire: Taám chaén nhieät phía döôùi
towards the World Championship: boä xuùc taùc.
Giaûi ñua xe voâ ñòch theá giôùi. gravel gun n. equipment used to hurl
Grand Touring or Gran Turismo see crushed stone at objects, such as
GT test panels, to test them for
Grand Touring –injection see Gti chipping resistance: OÁng phun soûi
graph n. diagram showing the (ñeå kieåm nghieäm)
relationship between certain gravity feed n. a fuel supply layout
numbers or quantities in the form formerly used for two-stroke car
of a line: Ñoà thò, bieåu ñoà. engines: Söï cung caáp nhieân lieäu
z graphic display unit n. dash- nhôø troïng löïc (2 kyø).
board panel displaying a plan of gravity-feed spray gun n. type of
the car with illuminated parts spray gun, in which paint flows
representing doors left open, downward from a container
lights switched on, etc.: bieåu situated on top of it, thereby

155
grease grooved compression ring

reducing the amount of z paste used for reseating

compressed air required: Suùng valves: Caùt xoaùy (suùpaùp)
phun sôn nhôø troïng löïc. z grinding wheel = abrasive
grease 1 n. thick, viscous lubricant for wheel used for grinding (usually a
machinery made from oil and composite of hand particles in a
metallic soaps: Daàu nhôøn, môõ. resin filler): Ñaù maøi (troøn)
z grease gun = hand pump tool z grindstone n. rotating abrasive
used for lubricating with grease: disc for rubbing away metal and
Bình bôm môõ (boùp tay) for sharpening tools: Ñaù maøi.
z grease nipple = small, one- grip n. adhesion of a tyre to the road
way valve used for injecting surface; important for roadholding
grease into a bearing: Nuùm ñeå and safe braking: Ñoä baùm (voû xe
bôm môõ vaøo oå bi vôùi maët ñöôøng)
2 v. to lubricate or coat with z grip in the wet = a vehicle’s
grease: Boâi môõ, bôm môõ. roadholding ability in the rain or
greenhouse n. (informal) GLASS on a wet surface: Ñoä baùm trong
AREA: Nhaø kính. ñieàu kieän aåm öôùt.
green stage n. the initial hardening grip wrench n. =LOCKING
phase during which the resin or PLIERS: Kìm baám.
filler has hardened but has not yet grip blasting n. (a) the most popular
set solid; this occurs immediately sandblasting process; grit is used
after the resin or filler has gone to clean the metal surfaces and is
off: giai ñoaïn ñaëc cuûa ma tít available in various grades for
(sôn) coarse or finer blasting on thin
grid n. in a battery, the metal plate steel (b) cleaning the sparking
with holes, used as a conductor plug electrodes by bombarding
and a support for the active them with abrasive particles: laøm
material: Taám væ baûn cöïc, löôùi. saïch baèng phun caùt
grid-controlled ignition (system) n. grit number n. classification of
microprocessor-controlled ignition sandpapers by fineness of the grit
system with electronic ignition particles: kyù hieäu phaân loaïi giaáy
timing by means of an ignition nhaùm
map stored in the control unit grommet n. rubber or plastic ring
memory: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa round a hole in metal (to protect a
ñöôïc ñieàu khieån baèng vi xöû lyù. cable or pipe): Roong buoái daây
grille n. grating that admits cooling air (ñeå baûo veä daây khi ñi qua loã)
to the radiator: Væ boä taûn nhieät. groove n. (a) any machined channel or
grind v. to smooth or polish by friction hollow (b) the space between
or abrasion: Maøi, giuõa, raø. thread ridges: Ñöôøng raõnh daøi,
z grinding disc n. abrasive disc: raõnh ren
Ñóa maøi. grooved compression ring n. scraper
z grinding paste = abrasive type piston ring: Baïc, sec maêng

156
grooving hammer Guibo coupling

coù raõnh. z grounding n. touching the

grooving hammer n. wide-nose peen ground (as when a long vehicle
hammer: Buùa ñaàu coù raõnh. goes over a humpback bridge):
gross axle weight rating (GAWR) n. Söï chaïm ñaát (khi qua caàu)
US maximum specified load growler n. electromagnetic device
capacity of an axle: Taûi troïng cöïc used to find short circuits in coils:
ñaïi cuûa caàu (truïc) Thieát bò kieåm tra söï chaäp maïch
z gross vehicle weight (GVW) n. trong cuoän daây.
total weight of a vehicle in any grown tyre n. tyre that, with use, has
given circumstance (i.e. with or slightly increased in size: Baùnh
without passengers, luggage etc.): xe lôùn.
Troïng löôïng toång coäng cuûa xe. GRP n. = GLASS REINFORCED
z gross weight n. = GROSS PLASTIC
VEHICLE WEIGHT: Troïng grub screw n. fully threaded, headless
löôïng toång coäng (cuûa xe) screw: Gu roâng
ground n. US return path of an GT (short for) Grand Touring or Gran
electrical systems, which in a Turismo, indicating better
motor vehicle is provided by the performance than a standard car
metal body and chassis.: Daây noái model: Kyù hieäu kieåu xe toát hôn
ñaát, noái mass. loaïi tieâu chuaån.
(NOTE: GB English for this is z Gti (short for) Grand Touring-
earth) injection: a GT model with fuel
z ground clearance n. vertical injection: Kieåu xe GT vôùi heä
distance between level ground thoáng phun nhieân lieäu.
and the lowest fixed item on a gudgeon pin n. pin in a piston which
vehicle: Khoaûng saùng gaàm xe. links the piston to the small end of
z ground clearance control = the connecting rod: Choát, aéc
small level near the handbrake of píttoâng.
cars with hydropneumatic (NOTE: US English is piston pin,
suspension that allows ground wrist pin)
clearance to be increased for z gudgeon pin boss = the
crossing rough terrain or when material below the piston crown
changing a wheel: Söï ñieåu (joined to the skirt) which carries
khieån khoaûng saùng gaàm xe. the gudgeon pin: Vaáu loài taïi choát
z ground clearance sensor = pít toâng.
instrument that senses the distance z gudgeon pin circlip = circlip
between ground and car (for self- used to secure the piston ring
levelling air suspension): Caûm laterally in the piston: Voøng phe
bieán khoaûng saùng gaàm xe. choát pít toâng.
z ground contact area n. = Guibo coupling n. doughnut-shaped
CONTACT PATCH: Vuøng tieáp type of flexible coupling Guibo:
xuùc. Khôùp noái meàm.

157
guillotine GVW

guillotine n. bench tool for cutting gum deposit n. sticky deposit that
sheet metal.: Maùy caét taám kim occurs if petrol remains unused in
loaïi. the tank for a period of time; the
gull-wing door n. roof-hinged door use of detergent in petrol helps
that opens upwards; first used on prevent it: Söï baùm dính cuûa caën
the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL in the trong thuøng xaêng khi ñeå laâu.
early 1950s : Cöûa môû ñöùng leân gun v. (informal) to press the
treân. accelerator hard: Ñaïp ga khoù
gulp valve n. vacuum-controlled valve (cöùng)
that admits fresh air to the inlet gutter n. channel at the edge of a road
manifold during deceleration to to carry rain water: Raõnh nöôùc,
prevent backfiring in the exhaust maùng nöôùc.
system; its vacuum signal is GV= GOVERNOR VALVE: Van ly
governed by a themovalve and a taâm.
solenoid valve to ensure that the GVW= GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT:
gulp valve action does not Troïng löôïng toaøn boä
interfere with cold start
enrichment: Van chaân khoâng
ñieàu khieån naïp khí.

158
H Hamlin switch

Hh

H (a) letter on the sidewall of a tyre VANE SWITCH: Coâng taéc hieäu
denoting the maximum speed for öùng Hall.
which it is designed (210 km/h or Hall element or Hall generator n.
130 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ pulse generator that makes use of
thò toác ñoä toái ña cuûa voû laø 210 the Hall effect and consists of a
km/h. rotor with vanes, a conductive
(b) SI symbol for: HENRY: Ñôn element with a permanent magnet
vò ño ñoä töï caûm. and the Hall IC: Phaàn töû Hall, boä
hacksaw n. handsaw for cutting metal, phaùt xung kieåu Hall.
with a narrow blade attached to a Hall IC n. solid state device with the
frame: Caùi cöa saét (cöa baèng tay) actual Hall generator and
hairline crack n. tiny stress crack integrated circuits for voltage
which forms due to strains in the amplification and potential
material or extreme temperature reversal, producing the pulses for
differences; as opposed to crazing, the control unit: Maïch tích hôïp
a single crack of this type will vôùi caûm bieán Hall.
often occur alone: Veát raïn nöùt z Hall module n. = HALL IC:
nhoû (sôn). Maïch tích hôïp hieäu öùng Hall.
half-round body file n. body file with z Hall sensor n. = HALL
domed file surface for working GENERATOR: Caûm bieán Hall
reversecrowned panels.: Giuõa Hall vane switch n. ‘switch’ that
thaân hình baùn nguyeät. makes use of the Hall effect:
half-shaft n. shaft between the Caùnh chaén taïo hieäu öùng Hall.
differential and the drive wheel: Hall voltage: Hieäu ñieän theá Hall.
Baùn truïc. halogen n. one of the chemical
Hall effect n. in electrical conductors elements fluorine, chlorine,
where electric current flows bromine, iodine, or astatine: Caùc
perpendicular to a magnetic field, nguyeân toá hoùa hoïc daõy halogen.
a so-called Hall voltage is z halogen bulb = bulb containing
produced perpendicular to the a trace of a halogen, such as
direction of current flow and to the iodine: Boùng ñeøn halogen.
magnetic field: Hieäu öùng Hall. z halogen headlight = high
z Hall-effect ignition system = intensity reflector with inner
transistorized ignition with Hall halogen bulb, precision lens, and
generator: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa 3-prong attachment: Ñeøn ñaàu
duøng caûm bieán Hall. duøng boùng halogen.
z Hall-effect sensor = HALL Hamlin switch n. a suspended mass
GENERATOR: Caûm bieán Hall. type sensor used in new air bag
z Hall-effect switch = HALL systems; avoids the ecological

159
hammer hangover

problems associated with the hand: Thuû coâng.

earlier mercury type switches.: z hand drill n. powerdriven, hole-
Loaïi caûm bieán gia toác trong heä boring tool: Maùy khoan caàm tay.
thoáng ñieàu khieån goái hôi thay theá z handed a. made to fit on a
loaïi caûm bieán duøng thuyû ngaân specific side: Laøm cho vöøa
hammer 1 n. hand tool with a metal z hand file n. flat file for shaping
head on a handle, used for beating metal, with a rectangular cross
metal and driving in nail: Caùi buùa. section, constant blade width and
z hammer drill n. electric hand one smooth edge: Giuõa tay.
drill that hammers as well as z handle v. (a) (of a vehicle) to
rotates.: Maùy khoan ñaù react under any given
z hammerform n. shaped wooden circumstances but especially
block used in panel beating, on referring to cornering, roadholding
which a desired form is produced and manoeuvring: Ñieàu khieån (xe)
by hammering: Ñe goã laøm ñoàng (b) to deal with or to cope with:
z hammer welding n. Ñoái phoù, giaûi quyeát.
metalworking technique that z handling (properties) = the way
includes gas welding, preferable a vehicle reacts to the actions of
without the use of filler rod, the driver (usually with regard to
followed by hammer and dolly steering): Caùch phaûn öùng laïi cuûa
work on the welded joint to smooth xe (öùng xöû) vôùi ñoäng taùc cuûa taøi
out any remaining imperfections: xeá (laùi)
Laøm ñoàng (xe) z hands-free a. Khoâng caàn duøng
handbook n. book which gives tay
instructions or information: Soå tay, z hands-free car phone = voice
taøi lieäu höôùng daãn. operated telephone using
z handbrake n. brake operated by microphone and loudspeaker,
a hand lever: Phanh tay. leaving hands free to drive: Ñieän
z handbrake turn = 180o turn thoaïi treân xe (duøng micro vaø loa)
achieved by applying the zhandshaker n. (informal US)
handbrake (acting on the rear passenger car with a manual
wheels) hard when the vehicle is gearbox: Xe hoäp soá thöôøng (cô).
starting to turn: Quay xe 180o hanger n. (a) flexible ring or strap to
baèng caùch vöøa taêng toác vöøa keùo hold a pipe, e.g. an exhaust pipe:
maïnh phanh tay Voøng treo (oáng xaû)
z handbrake warning light = (b) mounting bracket, e.g. a spring
light that illuminates when the hanger for a leaf spring: Giaù treo
handbrake is pplied; on most new hangover n. a modification of custom
cars it has been superseded by a cars with separate chassis, e.g.
multifunction brake warning light: pickups, which raises the floorpan
Ñeøn baùo phanh tay. and lowers the body, to give the
z handcrafted n. US built by impression that the body has been

160
hard anodic coating hatchback

pulled down over the chassis right (sometimes detachable) car roof:
down to street level: Bieán caûi xe Mui coá ñònh, mui cöùng.
vôùi khung ñoäc laäp z hard trim n. instrument panel
hard anodic coating n. hard, wear- mouldings, centre consoles and
resistant, oxide layer produced in similar plastic trim: vieàn tableau
an anodic oxidation process: Lôùp Hardy disc n. a discstyle flexible
oxít cöùng vaø choáng moøn phuû coupling: Ñóa noái meàm.
ngoaøi trong quaù trình oxit hoaù z Hardy-Spicer (universal) joint
anoát n. type of universal joint commonly
z hard anodizing = special type used with prop shafts: Khôùp noái
of anodizing adapted to the caùcñaêng Hardy-Spicer.
production of thick, hard, abrasion harmonic balancer n. formerly, two
resistant films.: Phöông phaùp laøm gearwheels carrying an unbalanced
cöùng vaø choáng moøn saûn phaåm weight, mounted in bearings below
baèng caùch oxít hoùa anoát. the middle main crankshaft
z hardboard n. boardlike building bearing, driven at twice engine
material made of compressed wood speed and rotating in opposite
chip fibres and sawdust: Vaùn goã directions to counterbalance the
eùp. secondary vibrations in a four
z hard chromium plating n. cylinder reciprocating engine.: Boâï
electrolytic deposition of a hard, caân baèng (trong ñoäng cô 4
wear resistant, chromium layer.: xylanh, goàm 2 baùnh raêng gaén quaû
Maï croâm. vaêng, naèm döôùi truïc khuyûu vaø
harden v. to set or to cure: Toâi (theùp) quay ngöôïc chieàu truïc khuyûu).
z hardener n. substance added (as harness n. (a) belt system used with
to a paint or varnish) to harden the child seats and in cars, consisting of
film: Phuï gia cho vaøo sôn ñeå lôùp two shoulder belts and two lap belt
sôn cöùng portions fastened by a central
z hardening n. process of a paint buckle: Boä ñai an toaøn goàm 2 ñaây
becoming hard: Quaù trình cöùng ñai.
sôn. z a 4-point racing harness =
hardness n. the quality or condition safety hardness anchored at four
of being hard: Ñoä cöùng. points, worn by some racing
hard rubber n. = EBONITE: Nhöïa drivers: Boä ñai an toaøn daønh cho
cöùng caùch ñieän ebonit. xe ñua coù 4 choát gaén.
z hardsided caraven n. caravan (b) = WIRING HARNESS: Buoái
with foldable, hard wall panels: Xe (boù) daây ñieän.
löu ñoäng coù vaùch coá ñònh. hatch n. (a) = HATCHBACK : Xe
z hard stop n. hard braking, but oâtoâ 4 choã, khoâng coù khoang haønh
not necessarily with locked wheels: lyù, coù cöûa haäu.
Boù phanh. (b) = TAILGATE.: Cöûa haäu.
z hardtop n. (a) rigid, hatchback n. basically a saloon

161
hazard warning switch headlamp mounting panel

or coupe with a tailgate: Xe oâtoâ 4 z header bar or US header bow

choã, khoâng coù khoang haønh lyù, coù n. front bar of a hood which
cöûa haäu. attaches to the top of the
hazard warning switch or hazard windscreen frame; usually made of
flasher n. switch that makes all the sheet steel shaped to match the top
direction indicators flash front edge to the curvature of the
simultaneously, to indicate that the windscreen: Thanh ngang treân
car is a hazard (e.g. is stationary kính tröôùc
because of breakdown): Coâng taéc z header tank n. top radiator tank
ñeøn baùo nguy (chôùp caû boán ñeøn in a thermosyphon water cooling
reõ) system: Bình nöôùc phuï.
HC = HYDROCARBONS. head gasket n. = CYLINDER HEAD
HC engine n. high camshaft engine; GASKET: Roong naép quy laùt
the camshaft is located much (naép maùy)
higher than the crankshaft, headling angle n. = YAW ANGLE:
(although not in the cylinder head), Goùc leäch daãn höôùng.
allowing for the use of shorter headlamp n. main light on the front of
pushrods, thus improving the a vehicle: Ñeøn ñaàu.
engine’s revving ability: Ñoäng cô z headlamp body = a sheet
truïc cam naèm cao hôn tröïc metal pot welded or screwed to the
khuyûu raát nhieàu cho pheùp duøng front wing that provides the
ñuõa ñaåy ngaén. housing for the headlamp and its
HDPE = HIGH DENSITY bulbs and wiring: Voû thaân ñeøn
POLYETHYLENE.: Nhöïa PE coù ñaàu.
tæ troïng cao. z headlamp bucket = the
head n. (a) the top part of a tool; the headlamp housing of cars having
heads designed for use with separate headlamp not integrated
interchangeable head torque into the body line, e.g. the Citroen
wrenches, for example, come in a 2 CV and most prewar cars: Baàu
variety of shapes, e.g. with open chöùa ñeøn ñaët rôøi.
jaw end or ratchet mechanism: z headlamp cover = rigid or
Ñaàu noái caàn sieát flexible protection against dirt or
(b) term used to express the stone damage when lights are not
increase of energy content in a being used (may be flush with
fluid pumped, expressed in units of body): Voû che ñeøn ñaàu.
energy per unit of mass, usually z headlamp mounting panel =
simply ft (feet): Coät aùp (bôm) sheet metal panel for rectangular
(c) = CYLINDER HEAD: Naép headlamps that is spotwelded to
xylanh, naép maùy, naép quy laùt the front section of modern cars
header n. (a) part at the top of where the radiator grille and the
another part (b) US = HEADPIPE: headlamps are mounted adjacent to
Chuïp, ñaàu oáng coå poâ each other; provides the mounting

162
headlamp visor head trim

points for the headlamp: Baûng gaù aùnh saùng ñeøn pha.
ñeøn ñaàu daïng vuoâng. z headlight on/off delay system
z headlamp visor = attachment = system with two functions; when
between headlamp rim and lens, activated, it can turn the headlights
used on some classic cars only: automatically ON during darkness
Taám kính che ñeøn (xe ñôøi cuõ). and OFF during daylight; it can
z headlamp wash/ wipe = also be et to keep the headlights
system that cleans headlamps with ON up to approximately three
a jet of water and a small wiper minutes after leaving the parked
(blade): Heä thoáng lau ñeøn (xòt vaø vehicle; useful in dark, highrisk
gaït) area; the system is controlled by a
head land n. uppermost piston land, photovoltaic cell on the dashboard:
subject to the highest thermal load: Heä thoáng töï ñoäng baät ñeøn pha
Ñænh píttoâng. z headlight retractor indicator
headlight n. main light on the front of lamp = lamp that illuminates when
a vehicle: Ñeøn pha, ñeøn tröôùc the headlight covers are opening or
ñaàu xe. closing: Ñeøn chæ thò söï ñoùng môû
z headlight beam setting = chuïp ñeøn ñaàu.
alignment of the beam of light headlining n. soft lining of the inside
from the headlamps: Söï caân chænh of a car roof: taám caùch nhieät treân
ñeøn ñaàu. mui
z headlight dipper (switch) = headon collision or headon crash n.
any type of switch, both stalk or the result of two vehicles being
footoperated, that changes the driven straight into one another:
headlight from main to dipped Söï ñaâm xe chính dieän.
beam (and vice versa): Coâng taéc headpipe or header n. down pipe
chuyeån ñoåi pha - coát. connecting the exhaust manifold to
(NOTE: also called dipswitch) the front of the silencer or to the
z headlight flasher = by flicking connector pipe: OÁng noái coå poâ
the direction indicator lever headrest or head restraint n. height
upwards against a spring pressure, adjustable head support, fitted
the headlights flash on and off nowadays to both front and rear
quickly : Coâng taéc nhaùy ñeøn pha. seats, to minimize the effects of
z headlight levelling = system whiplash in a collision: Goái töïa
that allows the driver to maintain ñaàu.
proper headlight beam position headroom n. distance between the
regardless of vehicle load: Heä top of a passenger’s head and the
thoáng ñieàu chænh vò trí ñeøn pha. inside of the car roof: Khoaûng
z headlight levelling control = caùch töø ñaàu haønh khaùch ñeán traàn
usually a vertical thumbwheel that xe.
adjusts the height of the headlight head trim n. roof lining.: Ñöôøng
beam: Söï ñieàu chænh ñoä cao cuûa vieàn trang trí mui xe

163
headup display (HUD) heat shield

headup display (HUD) n. driver element for preheating the intake

information system which displays air in small diesel engines.: Vaønh
key information by projection into nhieät xoâng khí naïp (trong Diesel
the driver’s visual field in the côõ nhoû)
windscreen area: Maøn hình phaûn z heater plug n. = GLOW
chieáu treân kính tröôùc (baùo thoâng PLUG: Bougie xoâng maùy.
tin) z heaterplug indicator =
heat cracking n. pattern of small, GLOW PLUG INDICATOR: Ñeøn
irregular cracks (e.g. on brake baùo xoâng maùy.
discs).: Söï nöùt do nhieät. heat path n. path along which heat
heated rear window n. rear window passes from the sparking plug tip to
fitted with a heating element that the water jacket: Ñöôøng daãn nhieät
demists inside and deices outside.: töø bougie ñeán aùo nöôùc
Kính phía sau coù xoâng. z heat range n. measure of
z heated tool welding n. welding ability of a sparking plug to carry
process in which the parts to be away heat; dependent on the
welded are pressed against a length of the insulator nose,
heated plate and subsequently electrode shape and material: Chæ
pressed together to produce a soá nhieät cuûa bougie.
fusion weld.: Kyõ thuaät haøn noùng z heat-range reserve = the heat
chaûy. range reserve defines the distance
z heated windscreen n. to the start of preignition under
windscreen fitted with a heating further increasing thermal loading
element to facilitate deicing: kính of the sparking plug. This reserve
tröôùc coù xoâng. is expressed in degrees crankshaft,
heater n. system for heating the the amount by which the factory
interior of a vehicle: Heä thoáng set ignition timing can be further
söôûi. advanced without preignition
z heater air pipe n. channel occuring: Goùc ñaùnh löûa coù theå
section incorporated into the side taêng maø khoâng laøm chaùy sôùm
member or other structural sections (ñoái vôùi loaïi bougie töông öùng).
that is designed to provide a flow z heat riser n. flapper in the
of warm into the interior of the exhaust manifold that is closed
vehicle, above all into the when the engine is cold, causing
footwells (e.g. as used on the VW hot exhaust gases to heat the inlet
Beetle): OÁng khoâng khí noùng ñeå manifold, thus providing better
söôûi. cold engine operation; a
z heater core n. : Loõi giaøn söôõi. thermostatic spring opens the
z heater fan or blower n. electric flapper when the engine warms
fan to boost heating and up: OÁng xoâng ñöôøng oáng naïp (laáy
ventilation: Quaït giaøn söôûi. nhieät töø ñöôøng thaûi).
z heater flange n. heating z heat shield n. sheet metal part,

164
heat shrinking HEI

usually reflective, often taûi lôùn.

asbestoslined; protects z heavyduty diagonal cutting
heatsensitive components from pliers = diagonal cutting pliers
heat radiation of the exhaust with a special joint and handle
system: Taám chaén nhieät (poâ) design for extra cutting power:
z heat shrinking n. shrinking Kìm caét coäng löïc.
dents in panels using a gas welder z heavy-duty end cutting pliers
to heat local areas of the dents: Söï = end cutting pliers with a special
loõm thaân xe khi haøn hôi joint and handle design for extra
z heat sink n. heat removing cutting power: Kìm caét coäng löïc.
component, such as the fins on an z heavy film build n. excessive
aircooled cylinder: Phaàn töû laáy thickness of paint coat: Taïo neân
nhieät. moät lôùp sôn quaù daøy.
z heat soak n. heat from the z heavy foot n. : Thaúng chaân,
engine warming the carburettor ñaïp heát.
and other parts of the fuel system z to drive with a heavy foot =
which can cause vapour lock and driving at full throttle, especially at
may make restarting difficult: high speeds: Chaïy heát ga.
Nhieät laøm boác hôi xaêng z heavy goods vehicle (HGV) n.
z heat transfer n. transfer of vehicle capable of carrying heavy
thermal energy from one material loads and requiring a special
to another by means of thermal licence to drive: Xe taûi naëng
conduction, convection or z heavy phosphating n.
radiation; heat transfer is only application of extremely heavy
possible from a high to a low phosphate coatings: Phuû lôùp
temperature level: Söï truyeàn phoâtphaùt daøy (sôn).
nhieät. z heavy yellow boot n.
heavy a. (a) (cable, sheet metal) (informal) = WHEEL CLAMP
heavy-duty: Naëng, lôùn (daây, taám heel n. (a) rubbing block on the
kim loaïi) contact breaker lever: Goái cam
(b) (paint) thickly coated: Quaù (ñaùnh löûa vít)
daøy (sôn) (b) = BEAD HEEL: Caùi ñeá
(c) (steering, clutch) having a stiff z heel dolly n. dolly in the form
operation, e.g. requiring of a heel (of a foot): Caùi ñe daïng
considerable effort to turn the goái.
steering wheel: Naëng, khoù khaên HEGO sensor (short for) heated
(laùi) exhaust gas oxygen sensor: Caûm
(d) (traffic) of great quantity: bieán oxi coù daây nung (khí thaûi).
Ñoâng, chaät ních. HEI = HIGH ENERGY IGNITION
(NOTE: opposite is light). (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
z heavy-duty (HD) a. designed naêng löôïng cao
for heavy loads: Duøng cho xe coù z HEI-EST= HIGH ENERGY

165
height adjustable steering column hidden or hide away wiper

IGNITION SYSTEM WITH circular, rounded internal shape to

ELECTRONIC SPARK TIMING: ensure a smooth propagation of the
Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa naêng löôïng flame front during the combustion
cao vôùi ñieàu chænh thôøi ñieåm process: Buoàng chaùy coù hình baùn
ñaùnh löûa baèng ñieän töû. caàu .
height adjustable steering column n. Henry (H) n. unit of inductance, equal
steering column whose length or to the inductance of a circuit in
rake may be adjusted to suit the which the variation of current at
individual driver: Truï voâ laêng coù the rate of one ampere per second
theå ñieàu chænh ñöôïc ñoä cao. induces an electromotive force of
z height corrector or height one volt: Ñôn vò ño ñoä töï caûm.
regulator n. automatic levelling (NOTE: named after US physicist,
control in hydropneumatic J.Henry, 1797-1878).
suspension systems: Boä hieäu herringbone gear n. = DOUBLE
chænh chieàu cao heä thoáng treo HELICAL GEAR: Baùnh raêng coù
thuûy khí. raêng hình chöõ V.
helical a. in the shape of a helix: hexagonal a. having six sides: Saùu
Xoaén oác caïnh
z helical gears = gears with z hexagon(al) bolster or
helical teeth: Baùnh raêng cong. hexagon(al) collar = tool that
z helical spring lock washer = allows a screwdriver to be turned
locking device for threaded with a wrench for extra torque to
fasteners: Loâng ñeàn cong loosen tight crews: Ñaàu luïc giaùc
z helical teeth = curved gear noái tuoác nô vít vôùi caàn sieát.
teeth on the edge of a gear-wheel, z hexagon bit or hex bit = bit
cut at an angle to its axis: Raêng with six sides: Moû chìa khoùa saùu
cong caïnh
helium leak test n. pressure test z hexagon bolt or hex bolt =
using helium: Söï kieåm tra roø ræ bolt with a sixsided head: Bu loâng
baèng khí heli. luïc giaùc
helix n. a spiral, like the thread on a z hexagon key or hex key = key
screw or a coil spring in a for hexagon recess screws, 90o
suspension system: Ñöôøng xoaén offset at one end: Chìa khoùa ñaàu
oác. luïc giaùc (môû oác chìm).
helmet connector or helmet lug n. h.f.s (short for) heated front seat,
special type of lug for connecting a (often seen in advertisements):
battery with tapered terminal Gheá tröôùc coù söôûi
posts: Ñai oác baét coïc aéc quy. HGV = HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE
helper leaf or helper spring n. hidden or hide away wiper n. wipe
auxiliary leaf spring: Nhíp phuï. system with a parking position
hemispherical combustion chamber below normal visibility range: Vò
n. combustion chamber with a

166
HIF carburettor highmounted brake light

trí döøng cuûa caàn gaït nöôùc. ignition timing: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
HIF carburettor n. type of SU löûa naêng löôïng cao.
carburettor with a horizontal z high energy ignition system
integral float chamber: Boä cheá with electronic spark timing
hoøa khí buoàng phao naèm ngang. (HEIEST) = The HEIEST system
high beam n. US = MAIN BEAM: consists of an electronic distributor,
Ñeøn pha with the ignition coil mounted on
z high-build galvanizing n. the distributor cap on 6 and 8
galvanizing process in which cylinder models or externally on 4
extremely heavy zinc coatings are cylinder models; the ignition
applied: Maï vôùi lôùp keõm daøy timing is performed electronically
high-camshaft engine n. = HC by the electronic control module.
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù truïc cam (used on several 1983-88 GM
naèm cao. models): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa naêng
high carbon steel n. a very hard steel, löôïng cao vôùi boä ñieàu chænh thôøi
as opposed to plain carbon steel: ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng ñieän töû.
Theùp carbon cao (cöùng) high gear n. fourth or fifth gear,
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) n. selectd for cruising: Soá cao.
a very tough, chemically resistant (NOTE: opposite is low gear).
thermoplastic, with a ‘soapy’ z high-geared a. (a) when a
touch; e.g. used for blow-moulded small gear wheel is driven by a
parts such as fuel tanks or other large one: Khi raêng nhoû ñöôïc daãn
mouldings, such as bumpers.: ñoäng baèng baùnh raêng lôùn.
Nhöïa toång hôïp PE coù tyû troïng (b) when a car’s transmission
cao. system has higher than usual
high energy battery n. innovative gearing, to improve fuel economy:
battery type developed for electric Khi xe coù hoäp soá nhieàu soá (> 4)
cars: AÉc quy naêng löôïng cao duøng z high gloss n. very shiny, bright
cho xe ñieän appearance: Ñoä boùng cao.
z high energy coil n. coil which high leverage diagonal/ end cutting
generates higher ignition voltage pliers n. diagonal/end cutting
and/or offers increased spark pliers with special joint and handle
efficiency; ballasted: Boâbin naêng design for extra cutting power:
löôïng cao Kìm caét coäng löïc
z high energy ignition system high/ low range gearbox n. = DUAL
(HEI) n. ignition systems which RANGE GEARBOX: Hoäp soá hai
provides more ignition power caáp
(higher voltage at higher highmounted brake light n. third
amperage) than normal systems; a brake light mounted in the middle
typical HEI includes an electronic of the rear window or on some cars
control unit and magnetic pickup in integrated in the trailing edge of
combination with mechanical the rear deck spoiler: Ñeøn phanh

167
high-performance hillholder

thöù ba ñaët giöõa kính sau hoaëc (NOTE: opposite is low side).
gaén treân naép coáp sau. high speed direct injection (HSDI) n.
high-performance a. producing better systems for rapid injection of fuel
than average results: Hieäu suaát into a diesel engine: Heä thoáng
cao, tính naêng toát phun tröïc tieáp toác ñoä cao
z high-performance manifold = high spot n. raised area on a panel
a special exhaust manifold, which surface: Vò trí nhoâ leân treân thaân
is not made of cast iron as usual, xe
but of specially designed, curved high tension (HT) a. capable of
and welded steel tubes, to produce operating at a relatively high
a smooth flow path for the exhaust voltage: Coù theå hoaït ñoäng ôû ñieän
gases, avoiding any sharp bends; aùp cao
less heavy, less sturdy and more z hightension circuit or HT
expensive than an ordinary circuit = SECONDARY CIRCUIT:
manifold; usually replaces the Maïch ñieän cao aùp (thöù caáp)
down pipe: OÁng goùp thaûi coù hieäu z hightension distributor or HT
suaát cao distributor = sometimes used to
high-pressure a. operating under a lot designate the distributtor in
of pressure, e.g. braking systems or electronically controlled ignition
diesel fuel injection: Aùp suaát cao systems, which has no controlling
z high-pressure foaming = functions or advance mechanism:
process in which plastics are Boä chia ñieän cao aùp
foamed under high pressure (> 50 z hightension lead or HT lead =
bar): Söï taïo boït do aùp suaát cao SPARKING PLUG LEAD: Daây
(NOTE: opposite is low-pressure phin (daây cao aùp)
foaming) z hightension winding(s) =
z high-pressure relief valve = SECONDARY WINDING.: Cuoän
located somewhere on the high daây thöù caáp.
side of the air conditioning system, highvoltage reserve n. the difference
often next to the receiver-drier, between the available ignition
this valve protects the system voltage and the ignition voltage
against excessive pressure: Van required at a given moment.: Möùc
giaûm aùp döï tröõ ñieän aùp thöù caáp.
high revs n. towards the top end of highway n. US any public road
the scale of engine revolutions: Soá outside the cities with a foundation
voøng quay cao cho pheùp and a hard surface: Ñöôøng cao toác
high side n. (of air conditioning Highway Code n. official British code
systems) located between the of conduct for all road users.: Luaät
compressor and expansion valve or giao thoâng cho taøi xeá chaïy treân
orifice tube; includes the ñöôøng cao toác.
condenser: Phaàn aùp suaát cao hillholder n. mechanically or
(ñieàu hoaø). electromechanically engaged

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hinge bow hold-in winding

device for preventing accidental z hinge post n. = HINGE

rearward movement of a vehicle PILLAR.
prior to driving off; found mainly z hinge tapping plate n.
in automatic transmissions: Cô caáu threaded plate housed in a sheet
choáng luøi xe trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng metal cage spotwelded to the
khi leân doác. hinge pillar or, in some cases, to
hinge bow n. = MAIN BOW.: the door frame; the door is bolted
Thanh truïc chính. to this plate and may be adjusted
z hinged-caliper disc brake n. old within certain limits, as the plate
disc brake design formerly used on can be moved about in its sheet
motor bikes; superseded by metal cage: Taám gaén baûn leà cöûa
slidingcaliper disc brakes.: Boä keïp hip belt n. LAP BELT
phanh ñóa coù baûn leà. hitch v. to connect or couple up a
z hinge facing n. part of the door caravan or trailer to a towing
frame that includes the bracing and vehicle: Buoäc vaøo, moùc vaøo ñeå
threaded plate for mounting the keùo.
hinge to the door: Choát gaén baûn leà z hitch ball n. US = TOW BALL:
cöûa Moùc keùo xe.
(NOTE: not to be confused with holdback n. a markup, e.g 2 percent,
the hinge panel that is part of the that the dealer pays the
hinge pillar of the body shell) manufacture on each new car that
z hinge panel n. sheet metal is added to his stock; this amount is
panel spotwelded to the A post or rebated to the dealer after the car
rear of the front wing that is sold: Tieàn ñaïi lyù phaûi öùng theâm
accommodates the hinges for the cho nhaø saûn xuaát treân moãi ñaàu
front door: Khung giöõ cöûa tröôùc xe, seõ ñöôïc traû laïi sau khi xe
z hinge pillar n. vertical ñöôïc baùn.
structural element that carries the hold-in coil or holdingcoil n. separate
front door hinges; the upper end of relay coil, such as the hold-in
the hinge pillar is usually the side winding in a starter solenoid,
of the windscreen frame: Truï ñôõ which is energized by contacts that
khung cöûa cöûa tröôùc. close when the relay pulls in, to
(NOTE: also called A-pillar) hold the relay in its energized
z hinge pillar reinforcement = position after the original operating
vertical section behind the visible circuit has been broken: Cuoän giöõ
A-pillar: Söï gia coá truï ñôõ. trong rôøle ñeà.
z hinge plate n. reinforcing plate z hold-in winding or holding
between the hinge and the door winding n. part of a relay
panel which distributes the forces designed to hold it in the on-
acting on the hinge bolts over a position: Cuoän giöõ.
larger area of the panel: Ñóa baûn
leà cöûa.

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hole cutting snips horn

hole cutting snips n. snips with honeycomb n. a pattern of hexagonal

pointed cutting blades for cutting shapes, like bees cells: Toå ong.
holes in sheet metal material. Keùo honing n. precision machining
caét loã. process used to resurface bores
z hole punch n. pliers used to and shafts: Quaù trình doa, xoaùy.
from holes along the edge of a z honing stone = tool used for
repair panel; the panel can then be the final smoothing operation, e.g.
plug-welded to the substructure at when repairing a cylinder wall: Ñaù
these holes: Caây ñoät loã. maøi, ñaù xoaùy
z holesaw n. cylindrical shaped hood n. (a) folding roof of a
saw for use with power tools, for convertible car (b) US =
cutting holes in sheet metal BONNET: Mui xeáp cuûa xe mui
material, e.g. in car bodies for traàn.
installation of aerials: Cöa loã z hood bar or bow = one of at
Holographic combiner n. semi- least four struts that support a
reflecting layer embedded in hood; usually made of tubular or
laminated windscreen glass; used sheet steel: Thanh choáng mui xeáp.
for headup displays: lôùp phaûn z hood stick = old term for hood
chieáu treân kính tröôùc ñeå hieän bar: Thanh choáng mui xeáp.
thoâng tin (tableau aûo) hook up v. to connect: Moùc vaøo, noái
homofocal headlamp n. type of vaøo.
headlamp with two reflectors, the horizontal a. lying flat, not upright:
inner one being of shorter focal Naèm ngang, ñöôøng ngang.
length than the main one: Ñeøn z horizontal adjuster n. screw
ñaàu vôùi hai göông phaûn chieáu. for adjusting the sideways aim of
homokinetic joint n. = CONSTANT the headlight beam: Vít ñieàu
VELOCITY JOINT: Khôùp ñoàng chænh ñoä saùng theo chieàu ngang.
toác. z horizontal draught carburettor
homologation n. official recognition n. = SIDEDRAUGHT
of a special version of a standard CARBURETTOR: Boä cheá hoøa khí
car as a production model, to make coù hoïng khueách taùn naèm ngang.
it eligible for racing: Söï coâng horizontally opposed engine n.
nhaän maãu xe duøng ñeå ñua. engine with horizontally opposed
hone 1 n. special tool for use with an cylinders, set on either side of the
electric drill or air tools to smooth crankshaft: Ñoäng cô coù xy lanh
and polish engine, clutch or brake ñaët ngang ñoái xöùng.
cylinders, with a number of honing horn n. instrument on a vehicle that
stones that adjust to different emits a loud warning noise, usually
cylinder bore diameters by spring by means of a diaphragm vibrated
tension: Ñaù maøi, ñaù xoaùy by an electromagnet: Coøi xe
2. v. to smooth and polish with a
hone: Maøi, xoaùy (baèng ñaù maøi).

170
horn boss hot spraying

z horn boss or horn button = springs absorb the drive torque:

relatively large, round pad in the Heä thoáng caàu-treo Hotchkiss.
centre of the steering wheel which hot dip v. to coat metal parts by
sounds the horn when depressed: immersion in molten metal, such as
Nuùt nhaán coøi xe tin or zinc: Maï kim loaïi baèng caùch
z horn button = (i) relatively nhuùng vaøo keõm hoaëc thieác ñang
small button on the end of the noùng chaûy
direction indicator lever which z hot-dip aluminizing =
sounds the horn when depressed deposition of aluminium coatings
(ii) horn boss: Nuùt nhaán coøi. by hot dipping: Phuû nhoâm baèng
horsepower (h.p. or HP) n. unit of phöông phaùp nhuùng noùng.
power: Söùc ngöïa - Ñôn vò coâng z hot-dip galvanize = to apply a
suaát zinc coating by hot dipping: Phuû
horsepower screw n. screw in the keõm baèng phöông phaùp nhuùng
cover of adjustable wastegates to noùng.
adjust spring height, which adjusts z hot gas welding n. welding
boost pressure; screwing down process involving the joining of
adds HP but may destroy the thermoplastic materials by
engine: Vít ñieàu chænh cöûa xaû softening with a jet of hot air, then
trong heä thoáng taêng aùp. joining them at the softened points:
hose n. flexible pipe: OÁng meàm. Haøn nhöïa baèng hôi noùng
z hose clip or hose clamp n. hot hatch n. high-performance
adjustable steel band (or wire) for hatchback: xe naêm cöûa loaïi toát.
securing rubber hoses to metal z hot rod n. car that has been
pipes: Caùi keïp oáng. radically modified for increased
z hose clip installer = special tool power: Xe ñaõ ñöôïc caûi bieán ñeå
for the installation of ear-type taêng coâng suaát.
clips, used e.g. on some types of hot sparking plug n. sparking plug
CV joint boots, filters, cooling with a long insulator nose, which
systems, and vacuum lines: Duïng absorbs more heat and dissipates it
cuï laép keïp oáng. slowly: Bougie noùng.
z hose clip pliers = special tool (NOTE: opposite is cold sparking
used to remove and install hose plug)
clips: Kìm thaùo laép keïp oáng. hot spot n. point of contact below
hose pinchoff pliers n.special tool to the carburettor, between the inlet
pinch off hoses when servicing the manifold and exhaust manifold:
cooling system; pivoting jaws Ñieåm noùng (giöõa oáng huùt vaø oáng
squeeze hoses shut so there is no thaûi).
need to drain the system: Kìm môû hot spraying n. spray process in
oáng nöôùc (khoâng caàn xaû nöôùc). which paint is preheated in a paint
Hotchkiss drive n. type of live rear container so that its viscosity is
axle suspension in which leaf reduced and it can be atomized

171
hot start (ing) hub puller

without being diluted with a into the engine by measuring the

solvent: Phun sôn noùng current needed to keep the hot
hot start (ing) n. starting a hot engine wireat the same temperature: Boä
may be difficult if it has been caûm bieán ño gioù loaïi daây nhieät.
stopped for a few minutes; the z hot-wire element = element
accumulation of petrol vapour in in a hotwire airflow meter: Daây
the air filter and inlet manifold, nhieät.
caused by the rise in engine housing n. general term for the
temperature when left standing casing which encloses or supports
when hot, can be dissipated by bearings, gears, etc.: Voû boïc.
slowly pressing the accelerator h.p or HP = HORSEPOWER: Maõ
right down and turning the engine löïc, söùc ngöïa (Coâng suaát).
over until it fires: Khôûi ñoäng khi HSDI (short for) high speed direct
ñoäng cô noùng. injection (diesel engine): Phun
z hot start enrichment = fuel tröïc tieáp toác ñoä cao.
mixture enrichment when starting a HT = HIGHTENSION: Cao theá.
hot engine: Söï laøm ñaäm hoãn hôïp z HT circuit =SECONDARY
khi khôûi ñoäng noùng. CIRCUIT: Maïch thöù caáp.
z hot-start pulse relay = fuel z HT lead = SPARKING PLUG
injection component which LEAD: Daây phin.
operates the cold-start valve z HT outlet = COIL TOWER:
intermittently to improve starting Ñaàu caém daây phin ôû boâbin.
when the engine is hot; installed in hub n. central part of any wheel, by
the cold-start valve circuit in some the wheel is attached to or
CIS-equipped engines: Rôle ñieàu rotatable on a shaft or axle: Truïc
khieån xung khi khôûi ñoäng noùng baùnh xe.
(phun K)
z hub cap = (a) cover over the
z hot wax n. wax-based
wheel hub and bearings (b) =
material used for hot-wax flooding: small metal cap on a front wheel
Saùp noùng. bearing: Naép chuïp truïc baùnh xe.
z hot-wax flooding = special z hub carrier = (a) part of the
cavity-sealing process developed suspension system which carries a
by Volkswagen, which uses a rear wheel hub on a front-wheel
solvent-free wax injected into the drive vehicle with independent
cavities of bodies preheated to
rear suspension (b) = STEERING
60oC: Phöông phaùp bòt loã treân
SWIVEL: Khôùp khuyeân truïc
thaân xe baèng saùp noùng
baùnh xe.
z hot – wire airflow meter n.
z hub plate = central element of a
constant temperature hotwire
clutch driven plate which carries
sensing device, used in electronic
the splined hub: Ñóa ly hôïp
fuel injection systems, which
z hub puller = special tool, of both
measures the rate of a mass airflow
jaw and hammer design, used

172
hubcentric fit hydraulic fluid

to remove wheel hubs on vehicles of propulsion, such asan electric

by a pulling action: Duïng cuï thaùo motor and an internal combustion
(caõo) moayô baùnh xe. engine, or an electric motor with
z hubcentric fit n. spigot battery and fuel cells for energy
mounted wheel: Choát baùnh xe. storage: Ñoäng cô lai.
z humidity chamber n. test z hybrid technology n.film
chamber for simulating tropical circuits combined with integrated
and subtropical conditions.: Phoøng circuits, used especially for trigger
taùi taïo ñieàu kieän aåm öôùt ñeå thöû boxes or electronic control units:
nghieäm. Coäng ngheä vi maïch lai.
hump n. raised portion on the rim Hydragas suspension n. = HYDRO-
bead seat of passenger car wheels, PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION: Heä
retaining the beads of an thoáng treo thuyû-khí.
insufficiently inflated tubeless tyre hydraulic a. operated by fluid: Baèng
on the bead seats, thereby thuûy löïc.
preventing the tyre beads from z hydraulic accumulator n. =
jumping into the rim well: Caùi ACCUMULATOR: Boä tích naêng.
böôùu nieàng. z hydraulic actuators n.
hundredweight (cwt) n. (obsolete) hydraulically operated struts which
unit of weight measurement, used control the movement of the
in some classic-car manuals wheels in an active ride suspension
(NOTE: 1 (GB) cwt = 5080 grams; system: Boä phaän thuûy löïc kieåm
1 (US) cwt = 4535 grams): Ñôn vò soaùt ñoä dòch chuyeån cuûa baùnh xe
ño troïng löôïng cuõ. z hydraulic brakes or hydraulic
hunting n. uneven running of an braking system n. brakes operated
engine, due to air/fuel mixture by hydraulic pressure: Heä thoáng
being too rich: ñoäng cô khoâng oån phanh daàu
ñònh do giaøu xaêng z hydraulic brake booster =
z hunting tooth n. extra, odd hydraulic pressure supplied by the
tooth on a gear wheel, designed to power steering pump, or a separate
ensure the same teeth so not hydraulic pump, which is used to
always mesh together, thus assists in applying the brakes; used
reducing wear: Raêng leû treân baùnh on cars and on some lorries: Boä
raêng ñeå giaûm moøn trôï löïc phanh baèng thuûy löïc.
HVAC (short for) heating, hydraulic control block n. =
ventilation and air conditioning CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY:
(system): Heä thoáng söôûi, thoâng Cuïm van ñieàu khieån thuûy löïc.
hôi vaø ñieàu hoøa nhieät ñoä. z hydraulic fluid n. special oil
hybrid car n. car with a hybrid used in hydraulic systems, such as
propulsion system: Xe lai. power steering, self-levelling
z hybrid propulsion n. two suspension, to operate the system
distinct but interdependent forms of master and slave cylinders: Daàu

173
hydraulic hood hydrometer

duøng cho heä thoáng thuûy löïc. hydrocarbon plastics n. plastics based
z hydraulic hood n. convertible on resins made by the
top which is raised and lowered by polymerization of monomers
a hydraulic system; depending on composed of carbon and hydrogen
engineering, a hydraulic hood can only: Nhöïa laøm töø hydrocacbon.
operate fast, silently, and with z hydrocarbons (HC) n. generic
tremendous power: Mui ñieàu term for chemical compounds
khieån baèng thuûy löïc (xe mui composed only of carbon and
traàn). hydrogen; one of the three major
z hydraulic modulator n. device pollutants in the exhaust of SI
which regulates hydraulic fluid engines: Hôïp chaát hyrocacbon coù
pressure in an ABS: Boä chaáp trong khí thaûi xe.
haønh thuûy löïc (ABS) hydrodynamic clutch n. = FLUID
z hydraulic pressure pump n. COUPLING: Khôùp noái thuûy löïc.
engine driven pump which supplies z hydrodynamic torque
oil under pressure to operate, e.g. converter n. = TORQUE
power brakes or power-assisted CONVERTER: Boä bieán moâ thuûy
steering: Bôm thuûy löïc (trôï löïc löïc.
laùi phanh) hydrogen embrittlement n. process
z hydraulic tappet or hydraulic which results in a decrease of the
valve lifter n. small component in toughness or ductility of a metal
the valve train, usually between due to absorption of hydrogen: Söï
camshaft and valve, or rocker arm laøm gioøn baèng khí hydro.
and valve, which maintains zero Hydrolastic suspension n.proprietary
valve clearance by automatically suspension system incorporating a
expanding when a clearance conical rubber spring compressed
develops; uses the hydraulic by hydraulic pressure; this system
principle that liquids cannot be also provides a hydraulic
compressed and consists basically interconnection between front and
of a small check valve, piston and rear wheels on one side of the
cylinder: Con ñoäi thuûy löïc (ñoäng vehicle: Heä thoáng treo keát hôïp
cô) thuyû löïc vaø cao su
z hydraulic wedge n. hydraulic hydrometer n. instrument used (i) to
jack with ends designed to reach determine the percentage of
behind dented double panels and charge in each cell of a car battery
to press them back into shape by by checking the electrolyte special
the hydraulic action of the wedge- gravity: Thieát bò kieåm tra ñoä
shaped ends: Caùi kích thuûy löïc phoùng ñieän cuûa aéc quy thoâng qua
laøm ñoàng tyû troïng dung dòch ñieän phaân.
hydraulic suspension n. = HYDRO- (ii) to test the coolant for the
PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION: Heä strength of antifreeze: Kieåm tra
thoáng treo thuûy khí. haøm löôïng chaát choáng ñoâng

174
Hydropneumatic suspension hypoid oil

trong nöôùc laøm maùt. z hydrostatic test n. pressure test

Hydropneumatic suspension n. using water: Söï kieåm tra aùp suaát
suspension system using air or gas baèng nöôùc
(nitrogen) under pressure as the z hydrostatic transmission n.
primary suspension material, drive by means of hydraulic
separated from the actuating motors, particularly where the
hydraulic fluid by a diaphragm drive is to each wheel of an off-
within a spherical suspension unit: road vehicle: Xe chaïy baèng moâ tô
Heä thoáng treo thuyû-khí. thuûy löïc (treân moät soá xe ñòa hình)
hydropulser n. hydraulically operated hygroscopic n. tending to absorb
system that can excite vibrations of moisture: Khuynh höôùng huùt aåm.
various frequencies in a car; serves hypoid axle n. driving axle with a
to find and eliminate noise hypoid gear: Caàu xe vôùi baùnh vít
sources: Boä taïo xung thuûy löïc z hypoid gear n. type of gear cut
laøm rung xe ñeå phaùt hieän tieáng in a spiral form where the axes of
keâu. the driving and driven shafts are at
hydrostatic drive n. = HYDRO- right angles, but not in the same
STATIC TRANSMISSION plane: Baùnh raêng vít
z hydrostatic steering n. entirely z hypoid oil n. special lubricant
hydraulic power steering system for hypoid gears: Daàu duøng cho
without mechanical steering links: hoäp soá baùnh raêng vít
Heä thoáng trôï löïc laùi hoaøn toaøn
baèng thuûy löïc khoâng coù cô caáu
cô khí

175
i idler pulley

Ii

i (short for) injection - indicating that caàm chöøng, ralenti

the engine is fuel-injected Start the engine and allow it to idle
injection ( GTi, EFi, 1.6i ): Chæ for 5 minutes: Khôûi ñoäng ñoäng
ñoäng cô söû duïng heä thoáng phun cô vaø chaïy caàm chöøng 5 phuùt
nhieân lieäu (xaêng) z idle air jet n. hole in a fixed-
I&C systems (short for) jet carburettor through which air is
instrumentation and control drawn into the idle system: Gíclô
systems: Nhöõng heä thoáng ño ñaïc gioù caàm chöøng.
vaø ñieàu khieån. z idle jet n. carburettor jet
I-beam n. steel beam which in cross within the idle system which
section has the shape of an I: Ñoøn supplies a constant amount of fuel
ngang hình chöõ I. for the formation of the idle
z I-beam axle = RIGID AXLE: mixture: Gíclô caàm chöøng.
Caàu (truïc) phuï thuoäc coù daïng idle mixture adjustment screw n.
hình chöõ I. tapered adjusting screw (on some
ICE = IN-CAR ENTERTAINMENT: carburettors) which controls the
Thieát bò giaûi trí trong xe. volume of air/ fuel mixture
IC engine n. = INTERNAL supplied by the idle system of a
COMBUSTION ENGINE: Ñoäng fixedjet carburettor: Vít chænh
cô ñoát trong. hoãn hôïp caàm chöøng.
ice scraper n. small plastic implement idler n. (a) gearwheel between a
for scraping frost and ice away driving and a driven gear in a gear
from windscreens and windows: train which may serve to reverse
Caùi naïo baêng. the original direction of rotation of
ID = INSIDE DIAMETER: Ñöôøng the driven wheel: Baùnh raêng
kính trong. trung gian (ñeäm) ñeå thay ñoåi
identical part n. = SHARED chieàu quay.
COMPONENT: Nhöõng chi tieát (b) free-turning pulley or wheel
duøng chung. which serves to maintain tension
identification colour n. (fuse) in a belt drive: Puli taêng ñai töï
particular colour for a specific ñoäng.
amperage: Maõ maøu daây ñieän z idler arm n. (steering system)
theo cöôøng ñoä doøng. similar to the drop arm, but
IDI = INTEGRATED DIRECT located at the other end of the
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng relay rod, and having a guiding
ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp tích hôïp. function only: Ñoøn daãn höôùng
idle v. (engine) to run slowly with (laùi)
closed throttle and usually with z idler pulley n. spring-loaded
transmission disengaged: Chaïy pulley designed to maintain the

176
idle speed ignition cable

tension of the timing belt: Puli Chuyeån ñoäng cuûa xe khi caøi soá
taêng ñai töï ñoäng. D
z idle speed or idling speed n. vaø ñoäng cô ôû cheá ñoä caàm chöøng.
slowest speed at which an engine (NOTE: also called creep)
will run smoothly (about 900 IFS = INDEPENDENT FRONT
rpm): Toác ñoä caàm chöøng. SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
idle speed adjustment = alteration of ñoäc laäp tröôùc.
the engine tickover: Söï ñieàu ignite v. to set fire to; to catch fire:
chænh toác ñoä caàm chöøng. Ñaùnh löûa, ñoát chaùy.
idle speed stabilizer = device which z igniter n. (air bag) bridge
ensures steady engine rpm at idle igniter with detonator: Ngoøi noå
speed: Thieát biï oån ñònh toác ñoä (goái hôi)
caàm chöøng. z ignition n. process which
z idle stop valve n. solenoid- initiates the combustion of the
operated valve which cuts off fuel compressed air/fuel mixture in the
in the idle system of a carburettor combustion chamber. In a spark-
and so stops the engine running-on ignition engine, the mixture is
when the ignition is switched off: ignited by an electric spark; in a
Van caét nhieân lieäu maïch caàm diesel engine, the self-igniting
chöøng. mixture must be preheated by
z idle system n. at idle speed, glow plugs when a cold start is
the throttle valve is closed to such performed: Söï ñaùnh löûa.
an extent that the airflow z ignition advance n. extent to
underneath the plunger no longer which the ignition spark is made
forms a sufficient vacuum; the to occur ealier: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm.
fuel is then supplied via an (NOTE: opposite is ignition
auxiliary system, the idle system, retard)
which consists of the idle jet, the z ignition amplifier n. device
idle air jet and the mixture control used to increase the electrical
screw: Heä thoáng caàm chöøng. signal in an electronic ignition
z idling (engine) n. turning over system: Boä khueách ñaïi tín hieäu
at low speed with minimum ñaùnh löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa)
throttle: Caàm chöøng. z ignition angle n. angle,
idling circuit = the passages, jets, etc. measured in degrees crankshaft,
in a fixed-jet carburettor which by which the ignition is advanced:
provide idling mixture to the Goùc ñaùnh löûa.
carburettor barrel: Maïch caàm z ignition cable or ignition lead
chöøng (cheá hoøa khí) n. general term to designate the
idling drag = forward motion of a high-voltage cables of the ignition
vehicle with automatic system, from the ignition coil to
transmission, with engine at idle the distributor and from the
and selector lever in position D: distributor to the sparking plugs:

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ignition capacitor ignition pattern

Daây phin, daây cao aùp z ignition gauge n. blade or

z ignition capacitor n. electrical wire-type feeler gauge used to
part which interrupts the primary check gaps on ignition systems,
current with low loss and such as air gaps between
suppresses most of the arcing permanent magnet and trigger
between the contact breaker wheel on electric ignitions: Laù côõ
points in conventional coil ño khe hôû caûm bieán ñieän töø.
ignitions: Tuï ñieän trong heä thoáng z ignition key n. key used to
ñaùnh löûa vít. switch on the ignition: Coâng taéc
z ignition circuits see PRIMARY maùy (coâng taéc ñaùnh löûa)
CIRCUIT, SECONDARY z ignition lag n. in a diesel
CIRCUIT: Caùc maïch ñieän trong engine, the time lag between fuel
heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa (sô caáp, thöù injection and combustion: Thôøi
caáp) gian treã chaùy
z ignition coil n. = COIL: z ignition lead n. = IGNITION
Boâbin. CABLE: Daây phin.
ignition coil resistor = BALLAST ignition map n. electronic map stored
RESISTOR: Ñieän trôû phuï trong in the electronic control unit of
heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa. ignitions with electronic spark
z ignition control unit n. timing and containing the most
general control unit of electronic favourable ignition angle/ignition
ignition systems, usually with point for every operating point of
current and dwell angle control, the engine: Caùc giaù trò goùc ñaùnh
driver and output stage, in some löûa sôùm toái öu ñöôïc naïp vaøo
cases with electronic spark timing EPROM.
functions: Hoäp ñieàu khieån ñaùnh ignition module n. = IGNITION
löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa) CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu
z ignition delay n. time lag khieån ñaùnh löûa.
between ignition triggering and z ignition oscilloscope n.
the production of a spark: Thôøi oscilloscope used especially for
gian töø luùc ngaét maïch ñaùnh löûa ignition tuneups; usually
cho ñeán khi tia löûa xuaát hieän ôû integrated in an engine tester:
bougie Maùy ño dao ñoäng trong heä thoáng
z ignition disabler n. standard ñaùnh löûa.
feature of car alarm systems: z ignition pattern n. display of
Thieát bò ngaét ñaùnh löûa trong heä the waveforms in the primary or
thoáng choáng troäm. secondary circuit of an engine
z ignition file n. tool for filing system in the firing order of the
ignition points and other small engine; optionally parade or
objects: Duõa vít löûa display pattern and stacked or
(NOTE: also called contact raster pattern: Daïng xung ñaùnh
file,magneto file, points file): löûa

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ignition point immobilize

z ignition point n. (a) moment z ignition transistor n. transistor

of spark firing: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh that switches the primary current
löûa. of a transistorized ignition system:
(b) = CONTACT BREAKER Transistor coâng suaát trong heä
POINT: Vít löûa. thoáng ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition point file = IGNITION z ignition voltage n. the voltage
FILE: Duõa vít löûa. at which the spark jumps across
z ignition retard n. ignition the electrodes; 30,000 V are quite
after top dead centre: Söï ñaùnh common today: Ñieän aùp ñaùnh
löûa treã. löûa.
z ignition switch n. actuated with I-head n. US = OVERHEAD VALVE
the ignition key, the ignition ENGINE: Ñoäng cô vôùi xuùpaùp
switch closes the primary circuit treân naép maùy
of the ignition system: Coâng taéc IHP = INDICATED HORSEPOWER:
ñaùnh löûa. Coâng suaát chæ thò
ignition system n. subsystem of the illuminated a. lip up: Chieáu saùng.
spark ignition engine, its basic illuminated entry system = additional
elements being the battery, the courtesy lighting system which
ignition switch, the ignition coil, illuminates the door entry area
the distributor, the sparking plugs, when the door is ajar; consists
and the connecting cables: Heä usually of lights in the lower door
thoáng ñaùnh löûa. panels and footwells: Heä thoáng
ignition temperature n. = FLASH chieáu saùng loái vaøo (cöûa)
POINT: Ñieåm khôûi chaùy, nhieät z illumination control n. =
ñoä khôûi chaùy. DIMMER CONTROL: Ñieàu
ignition timing n. maintenance work khieån ñoä saùng.
performed at idle by means of a imbalance n. lack of balance due to
timing light, to align the timing uneven weight distribution: Söï
marks of the engine: Caân löûa. maát caân baèng.
ignition toolkit n. set of small tools IMEP = INDICATED MEAN
usually comprising 8 small EFFECTIVE PRESSURE: AÙp
openended spanners (size: 3/16 - suaát chæ thò trung bình
7/16 in), a feeler gauge, a small IMI = INSTITUTE OF THE MOTOR
screwdriver and a points file: Boä INDUSTRY: British organization
duïng cuï söû duïng cho heä thoáng for managers in the motor
ñaùnh löûa. industry: Hoïc Vieän Coâng Nghieäp
z ignition transformer n. OÂtoâ.
transforms the primary voltage immerse v. to dip into or submerge in
resulting from the capacitor a liquid: Nhaän chìm.
discharge to the required high immobile a. unable to move: Khoâng
voltage: Söï chuyeån ñoåi ñieän aùp chaïy ñöôïc.
trong ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung. immobilize v. to make immobile:

179
impact impeller

Laøm khoâng chaïy ñöôïc. plastics, as indicated by the

z immobilizer n. device that energy extracted from
makes something immobile (such 'standardized' pendulum-type
as a wheel clamp): Thieát bò laøm hammers, mounted in standard
xe khoâng chaïy ñöôïc machines, in breaking standard
impact n. sudden, hard, physical specimens with one pendulum
contact: Chaán ñoäng. swing: Thöû nghieäm khaû naêng vôõ
impact absorber = an impact- khi va chaïm cuûa nhöïa
damping element located between impact-resistant = stiffened (to a
bumper and bumper mounting to certain degree) to resist the force
keep impact energy from of a collision: Ñöôïc gia coá ñeå
propagating into the car body: taêng söùc choáng va chaïm
Thieát bò haáp thu chaán ñoäng. impact screwdriver n. tool which
impact cushion = some child seats features a mechanism that
secure the child by an impact converts the impact from a
cushion in addition to the seat belt hammer into a powerful torque for
or straps: Ñeäm giaûm söï va chaïm loosening (or tightening) threaded
cho gheá treû em. fasteners: Vít ñoùng töï ñoäng.
impact damage = damage to the tyre impact socket n. heavy duty socket
wall caused by contact with the for use with air or electric power
kerb or deep pothole, etc.: Söï hö impact tools: Tuyùp sieát baèng hôi
haïi do va chaïm. hay ñieän
impact pipe = simplified version of an impact swivel ball universal joint =
impact absorber: OÁng giaûm söï va the swivel ball type universal joint
chaïm. is the most common type for use
impact sensor = CRASH SENSOR: with impact sockets: Khôùp noái töï
Caûm bieán va chaïm. löïa
impact strength = ability of a impact wrench = pneumatic or
material to resist shock loading electric tool for use with impact
strain: Ñoä beàn va chaïm. sockets: Caàn sieát hôi hoaëc ñieän
impact stress = force per unit area impeller n. (a) rotating member of a
imposed on a material by an centrifugal pump which is
abruptly applied force: ÖÙng suaát equipped with vanes to convert
treân vaät theå khi taùc duïng ñoät mechanical energy into fluid
ngoät energy: Caùnh bôm (bôm ly taâm)
z impact adhesive n. contact glue (b) (fluid coupling or torque
that provides adhesion when two converter) driving member
coated surfaces are pressed connected to the crankshaft via
together: Keo daùn. drive plate and converter cover
impact resistance test n. which generates the fluid flow
determination of the resistance to inside the converter: Caùnh bôm
breakage by flexural shock of bieán moâ.

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impeller eye indicator diagram

z impeller eye n. (pump) inlet incomplete thread n. thread with

area of an impeller: Raõnh vaøo incomplete thread profile: Ren
cuûa caùnh bôm. thieáu.
z impeller pump n. centrifugal in-dash gauge n. gauge mounted in
and side-channel pump: Bôm the instrument panel: Ñoàng hoà
caùnh quaït. treân tableau
imperial gallon n. UK gallon: Galoâng
Anh khoaûng 4 lít 546. indentation n. concentrated panel
impermeable or impervious a. not damage or specific dent that may
capable of being permeated, be caused when the car hits a
especially by fluids: Khoâng thaám relatively small obstacle, i. e. the
chaát loûng towbar another car: Choã thuïn vaøo
impervious to gases = not allowing (thaân xe)
the passage of gas: Khoâng ñeå khí independent suspension n. separate
ñi qua suspension system for any of the
inboard a. located near the vehicle wheels: Heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp.
centre rather than at the outside: independent front suspension (IFS)
= system in which each front
Vuøng giöõa xe.
wheel is sprung independently:
inboard brakes or discs = brakes
mounted on the inner end of drive Heä thoáng treo tröôùc ñoäc laäp.
shafts rather than at the wheel independent rear suspension (IRS) =
hub: Phanh beân trong (truïc) system in which each rear wheel
inboard starter = Bendix starter: is sprung independently: Heä
Maùy ñeà kieåu baùnh raêng Bendix. thoáng treo sau ñoäc laäp.
incar entertainment (ICE) n. car indicated horsepower (IHP) n.
audio system, typically consisting theoretical power of an engine
of a radio/cassette player and calculated from the MEP in the
perhaps a CD player: Caùc thieát bò cylinders rather than at the shaft:
giaûi trí trong xe. Coâng suaát chæ thò (ñoäng cô)
incipient crack n. crack which has indicated mean effective pressure
(IMEP) n. average pressure
just started to form: Veát nöùt sôn
within an engine cylinder during a
môùi baét ñaàu
working cycle, calculated from an
incline 1 n. slope: Maët nghieâng, doác.
indicator diagram: AÙp suaát chæ thò
2. v. to slope: Laøm nghieâng
trung bình (ñoäng cô)
inclined engine = in-line engine in
indicator n. (a) instrument for
which the cylinders are inclined to
recording engine cylinder
the vertical: Ñoäng cô ñaët
pressure: Ñoàng hoà ño söùc neùn.
nghieâng.
indicator diagram = cylinder pressure
z inclinometer n. =
chart, plotted against the working
CLINOMETER: Thieát bò ño ñoä
cycle of a piston or engine: Bieåu
nghieâng.
ñoà aùp suaát (xylanh)

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indicator (light) inductive system

(b) = DIRECTION INDICATOR: manifold and inlet ports into the

Ñeøn baùo reõ. combustion chamber: Söï naïp.
indicator (light) n. lamp on an z induction manifold n. =
instrument panel that lights up to INLET MANIFOLD: Coå goùp huùt.
show the operation of something, z induction noise n. noise
especially the illuminated arrow caused by the intake of air by an
that indicates the direction in engine at full throttle: Tieáng oàn
which a vehicle is about to turn: treân oáng naïp khi chaïy ga lôùn
Ñeøn baùo reõ (treân tableau) z induction period n. period
indirect damage n. type of damage during the charging process of the
not caused by immediate impact engine that allows for the intake
but by the spread of the impact of the fresh charge into the
force into other areas of the body, cylinder while the inlet control, i.
e.g. bulging or dents at the rear of e. the valve or port, remains open:
the front wing and the leading Khoaûng thôøi gian (kyø) naïp
edge of the door in the case of z induction pipe n. the duct,
direct accident damage to the typically an alloy manifold,
front edge of the front wing: Söï between throttle and cylinder
hö hoûng giaùn tieáp (khi ñuïng xe). head; the absolute pressure in the
z indirect injection n. fuel induction pipe, the so-called
injection not into the main intake vacuum, is indicative of
combustion chamber but into some engine load and is used to control
kind of prechamber; injection many engine related functions:
pressure are lower than with OÁng naïp
direct injection and ignition lag is z induction port n. (2-stroke
short: Söï phun nhieân lieäu giaùn engines) the port in the cylinder
tieáp. wall used for admission of the
indirect injection engine = diesel fresh charge into the cylinder:
engine using indirect injection: Coång naïp, coång huùt (2 kyø)
Ñoäng cô diesel phun nhieân lieäu z induction stroke n. that phase
giaùn tieáp. of the 4-stroke cycle during which
indium n. metallic element: Nguyeân the inlet valve is open and the
toá kim loaïi kí hieäu In, soá nguyeân piston descends from TDC to
töû 49. BDC, drawing air (in a diesel
induce v. to cause or to bring about: engine) or an air/fuel mixture (in a
Taïo ra, caûm öùng. SI engine) into the cylinder: Thì
z to induce a voltage = to naïp.
produce a voltage by z induction system n. part of the
electromagnetic induction: Taïo ra fuel system in a SI engine,
(caûm öùng) ñieän theá including air filter, carburettor or
induction n. intake of air and fuel injectors, inlet manifold, inlet
through the carburettor, inlet ports and valves: Heä thoáng naïp.

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induction-type pulse generator inhibitor

z induction-type pulse CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE

generator n. = MAGNETIC TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp
PICK - UP ASSEMBLY: Caûm inflammable a. capable of being
bieán ñieän töø loaïi nam chaâm easily ignited and of burning
ñöùng yeân. quickly: Deã chaùy.
inductive ignition system n. inflate v. to fill with air: Bôm hôi
ignition system where the primary z inflation control seam = a
energy is stored in an inductor or system of inflation control seams
an ignition coil: Heä thoáng ñaùnh on advanced air bags to control
löûa ñieän caûm. the inflation speed and inflation
z inductive (pulse) pick-up n. = characteristics: Thieát bò ñieàu
MAGNETIC PICK-UP khieån toác ñoä bung goái hôi
ASSEMBLY: Caûm bieán ñieän töø (NOTE: also called tear seam,
loaïi nam chaâm ñöùng yeân whose negative connotations are
z inductive winding n. = PICK- perhaps inappropriate in a safety-
UP COIL: Cuoän daây caûm bieán related context)
ñieän töø. z inflation pressure n. = TYRE
inert a. lacking a chemical action; PRESSURE: Aùp suaát loáp (voû).
property of the separators used inflator (unit) n. assembly beneath
between the plates of a battery: the folded air bag, consisting of a
Trô, khoâng taùc duïng hoùa hoïc combustion chamber with a bridge
inert arc welding n. a family of arc igniter, a detonator and a priming
welding processes in the fusion charge surrounded by the solid
welding category: Haøn hoà quang propellant, and a metal filter:
baèng khí trô (argon) Buoàng giaõn nôû trong goái hôi
inertia drive n. = BENDIX DRIVE : infrared radiant drier n. infrared
Truyeàn ñoäng quaùn tính (khôûi lamp which accelerates the drying
ñoäng) of large areas of fresh paint: Ñeøn
inertia pinion = pinion used in an hoàng ngoaïi haáp sôn
inertia drive: Baùnh raêng quaùn z infrared (IR) remote control
tính. n. the control of an operation by
z inertia fuel cutoff switch n. = means of an infrared beam
FUEL PUMP SHUT-OFF transmitted to a receiver (e. g.
SWITCH: Coâng taéc caét bôm garage door, central locking, car
nhieân lieäu baèng quaùn tính (an alarm system, etc.): Ñieàu khieån
toaøn) töø xa baèng hoàng ngoaïi
inertia reel seat belt n. 3-point seat ingress n. entry: Ngoõ vaøo.
belt with an automatic retractor inhibit v. to hinder or to prevent:
reel: Ñai an toaøn duøng löïc quaùn Ngaên chaën, kieàm cheá.
tính ñeå ruùt z inhibitor n. additive which
infant safety seat n. = BABY SEAT retards or prevents an undesirable
infinitely variable transmission n. = reaction, e.g. phosphates, anti-

183
inject inlet valve

oxidants: Chaát öùc cheá. by gravity from a reservoir or tank

(NOTE: opposite is catalyst) located at a higher level; e. g.
inject (with) v. to introduce a fluid from coolant expansion tank to
(into something) under pressure: radiator, or from brake fluid
Phun reservoir to master brake cylinder:
z injected engine n. = FUEL- OÁng naïp töø thuøng (phanh, bình
INJECTED ENGINE: Ñoäng cô nöôùc phu)ï
phun xaêng. z inlet manifold or US intake
z injection-moulded a. manifold n. the component which
produced by an injection moulding guides the intake air to the
machine or process: Ñuùc nhöïa cylinder head inlet ports; usually
kieåu phun an aluminium casting or a GRP
injection moulding machine = moulding, with one inlet opening
machine used to produce and as many outlets as there are
preformed plastic body panels: cylinders in the engine: Coå goùp
Maùy ñuùc nhöïa kieåu phun huùt, oáng goùp huùt
injection period n. the length of time inlet manifold heater = FLAME
for which fuel is sprayed into the GLOW PLUG
inlet ports or combustion chamber inlet over exhaust engine (IOE
during fuel injection: Thôøi gian engine) n. engine design used on
phun. early cars: Ñoäng cô ñöôøng naïp
injection pump n. pump which treân ñöôøng thaûi.
receives fuel from the fuel tank (NOTE: also called Fhead
(often through the fuel-feed pump engine)
in the case of diesel engines) and inlet port or US intake port n. (of 4-
delivers it under pressure to the stroke engines) part of the intake
injectors: Bôm nhieân lieäu (cao system inside the cylinder head,
aùp). from the inlet manifold flange to
injector n. precision-made device for the valve ports of the combustion
spraying fuel into the inlet ports or chamber: Coång naïp.
combustion chamber: Kim phun. z inlet stroke n. = INDUCTION
injector nozzle = tip of the injector, STROKE: Thì naïp.
either of multi-hole design for z inlet tract n. a branch of the
direct injection or pintle design for inlet manifold leading to an inlet
indirect injection: Voøi phun. port: Nhaùnh oáng naïp cho töøng xy
inlet cam (shaft) n. the cam lanh
responsible for the actuation of z inlet valve or US intake valve
the inlet valve in DOHC engines: n. in 4-stroke IC engines, usually
Cam naïp a poppet valve, located in the
z inlet line n. pipe or hose on cylinder head, operated directly or
the intake side of a component, indirectly by a camshaft; the inlet
through which a fluid is supplied valve is usually larger and (on

184
inlet valve closes (IVC) inorganic

used engines) cleaner than the blowtorch, the shape of which

exhaust valve; it is only open indicates the torch adjustment:
during the induction stroke: Loõi ngoïn löûa haøn.
Xuùpaùp naïp. z inner cylinder n. working
inlet valve closes (IVC) = mark on a chamber of a double-tube shock
valvetiming diagram: Daáu chæ absorber: Xylanh con (oáng giaûm
supaùp naïp ñoùng chaán).
inlet valve opens (IVO) = mark on a z inner dead centre (see TOP
valvetiming diagram: Daáu chæ DEAD CENTRE): Ñieåm cheát
supaùp naïp môû treân
in-line engine n. multi-cylinder z inner headlight n. the inner
engine, usually with three or more one of twin headlights (as for
cylinders that are arranged BMWs or the Jaguar XJ series);
parallel to one another and are usually for main beam only: Ñeøn
either mounted vertically or at an pha phía trong (loaïi 4 ñeøn)
angle (sloper engine) in one single (NOTE: opposite is outer
line; the pistons that reciprocate in headlight)
these cylinders in turn drive a z inner liner n. innermost layer
common crankshaft: Ñoäng cô of a tubeless tyre which provides
thaúng haøng. an airtight barrier: Lôùp laøm kín
(NOTE: also called straight beân trong voû (khoâng ruoät)
engine) z inner mounting face n. =
z in-line power steering n. INNER ATTACHMENT FACE
power-assisted steering applied z inner race n. inner track of a
within the steering box or rack: ball bearing: Raõnh trong cuûa oå bi
Trôï löïc laùi thaúng haøng (voøng bi)
z in-line pump n. pump whose z innerspring seat n. sturdy,
suction and discharge branches sofalike seat design using spring
are arranged in line for direct coils as damping elements; used
installation into the pipework; mainly by Mercedes-Benz: Gheá
special foundations are ngoài ñeäm loø xo.
unnecessary, and the absence of z inner tube n. inflatable rubber
shaft couplings eliminates tube inside a tyre: Ruoät xe.
alignment problems: Bôm pittoâng (NOTE: nearly all modern tyres
coù ñöôøng huùt vaø ñöôøng xaû thaúng are tubeless)
haøng inorganic a. pertaining to or composed
inner attachment face n. the part of of chemical compounds which do
the brake disc directly fixed to the not contain carbon as the principal
wheel hub: Maët ñóa phanh phía element, i.e. matter which does
baét vôùi truïc not come from plants or animals:
z inner cone n. small, innermost Chaát voâ cô
part of the flame at the tip of a (NOTE: opposite is organic)

185
input shaft instrument panel

input shaft n. = CLUTCH SHAFT: inspect hidden areas on

Truïc vaøo (truïc ly hôïp) automotive parts: Göông ñeå quan
z input variable n. the object of saùt nhöõng phaàn khoù nhìn thaáy
measurement and control; e.g. treân xe.
pressure, temperature, etc.: inspection pit = pit in the floor of a
Thoâng soá ngoû vaøo (ñieàu khieån) garage providing working space
insert n. technique of permanently underneath a vehicle: Haàm kieåm
joining plastics and other tra gaàm xe.
materials, e. g. embedding steel install v. to put something in position
clips in a moulded plastic cover: ready for use: Laép ñaët.
Kyõ thuaät loàng chaát khaùc vaøo z installation n. putting
nhöïa something in position ready for
inside caliper n. machinist's use: Söï laép ñaët.
caliper used to check inside (NOTE: opposite is removal)
dimensions: Calip ño trong. z installed height n. height at
z inside diameter (ID) n. the which something is placed in
internal diameter of a cylinder or position: Chieàu cao laép ñaët.
tube: Ñöôøng kính trong. instant spare n. = EMERGENCY
inside spring caliper n. inside INFLATOR
caliper with spring for accurate institute of road transport engineers
setting: Calíp ño trong coù loø xo (IRTE) British organization set up
giöõ. to increase the competence and
insolation n. exposure to the rays of professionalism of vehicle owners
the sun: Söï phôi naéng. and drivers: Hoïc vieän giao thoâng
inspection n. type of examination instrument cluster n. (a) array of
which serves to evaluate the separate gauges in one housing; a
operating condition of a major component of the
component or system; the instrument panel including
inspection may identify the need analogue or digital instruments
for servicing or repair: Söï kieåm and indicators, but no controls
tra kyõ tìm choã hö hoûng. except for the trip mileage reset
inspection lamp = mains-powered button on some cars: Tableau xe.
lamp with a long lead, used in (b) several gauges integrated into
garages to inspect the underside one instrument, making one unit
of cars and under the bonnet: Ñeøn combining several functions, e. g.
soi ñeå kieåm tra coù theå di chuyeån engine temperature, oil pressure
ñöôïc. and fuel gauge; if one gauge fails,
inspection lot = certain quantity of a the entire instrument cluster must
particular item chosen at random be replaced: Tableau xe
for quality testing: Loâ kieåm tra z instrument panel n. panel
(ngaãu nhieân) below the windscreen which
inspection mirror = tool used to accommodates the instruments

186
instruments and controls inter-cell link

and controls: Baûng ñoàng hoà vaø z intake port n. US = INLET

coâng taéc ñieàu khieån. PORT
(NOTE: also called dash, z intake stroke n. US =
dashboard, fascia) INDUCTION STROKE
z instruments and controls n. z intake valve n. US = INLET
general term covering all gauges, VALVE
indicators, switches, regulators, integral a. forming part of a whole:
and buttons: Heä thoáng ño ñaïc vaø Toaøn boä, nguyeân khoái.
ñieàu khieån z integral body and frame
insulate v. to cover with non- construction n. = UNITARY
conducting material, so as to CONSTRUCTION: Caáu truùc tích
prevent the transmission of heat, hôïp khung vôùi söôøn xe
electricity or sound: Boïc laïi ñeå z integral colour anodizing n.
caùch ñieän hoaëc nhieät anodizing process in which the
z insulating cap n. insulated top colour is produced by using
of the coil tower: Ñaàu caùch ñieän special electrolytes: Quaù trình
treân boâbin. anoát hoaù ñeå taïo maøu
z insulating tape n. PVC tape z integral moulded seat n. seat
for wrapping round electrical with integrated 3-point seat belt:
connections: Baêng keo quaán daây. Gheá xe dính vôùi ñai an
z insulation n. (a) the process z integral-type power (assisted)
of insulating: Söï caùch ñieän. steering n. = IN-LINE POWER
(b) the material used for STEERING: Trôï löïc laùi kieåu moät
insulating: Chaát caùch ñieän. khoái.
z insulator n. (a) material z integrated child (safety) seat
without free electrons which, n. rear seat that can be converter
therefore, is a poor conductor of into a child seat: Gheá an toaøn
electricity: Vaät lieäu caùch ñieän. daønh cho treû em.
(b) = SPARKING PLUG z Integrated Direct Ignition
INSULATOR: Söù caùch ñieän (IDI) system n. distributorless
(bougie) ignition system consisting of two
insulator nose or tip = the tip of a separate ignition coils, an ignition
sparking plug: OÁng söù caùch ñieän. module, a secondary conductor
insurance premium n. regular housing mounted to an aluminium
payment for an insurance policy: cover plate, a crankshaft sensor,
Phí baûo hieåm and electronic spark timing: Heä
intake manifold n. US = INLET thoáng ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp tích
MANIFOLD: Coå goùp huùt. hôïp.
z intake pipe n. = INDUCTION inter-axle differential n. =
PIPE CENTRE DIFFERENTIAL: Caàu
z intake plenum n. = PLENUM trung taâm (caàu chính)
CHAMBER z inter-cell link n. electric

187
interchangeable head torque wrench intermediate gear

conductor that carries electric located centrally near the top of

current between the adjacent cells the windscreen: Göông chieáu
of a battery: Thanh noái giöõa caùc haäu.
ngaên aéc quy interior noise level = level of noise
interchangeable head torque inside the vehicle, typically in the
wrench n. wrench that does not range from 45 - 90 dBA from idle
have the usual square drive for to full throttle; at 70 mph between
use with sockets, but is designed 66 - 87 dBA: Möùc oàn beân trong
to accept special interchangeable xe.
heads: Chìa khoùa coù ñaàu tuyùp interior trim = panels, linings,
thay ñoåi ñöôïc decorative facings, upholstery and
intercoat adhesion failure n. covers inside a vehicle: Ñoà trang
situation in which one coat of trí trong xe.
finish peels off or can easily be interleaf friction n. friction between
stripped off with masking tape individual leaves of a leaf spring:
from another layer underneath: Söï ma saùt giöõa caùc laù nhíp.
Bong sôn interlock 1 v. (gear train members)
intercooler n. heat exchanger of the to fit together: Khôùp vaøo nhau,
air-to-air or air-to-water type caøi vaøo nhau.
which lowers the charge air 2 n. device in a changespeed
temperature to obtain higher air gearbox which prevents two gears
density and better volumetric being engaged at the same time:
efficiency: Boä giaûi nhieät cho khí Cô caáu choáng keït soá khi sang soá
naïp trong heä thoáng taêng aùp. intermediate 1 a. between two
z intercooling n. cooling of the things or extremes: Trung gian,
charge air between compressor giöõa.
and engine: Söï giaûi nhieät khí 2 n. American car category, with
naïp. space for 5 - 6 passengers and a
intercrystalline or intergranular length of 207 - 215 ins.: Xe Myõ
corrosion n. small outbreaks of loaïi trung vôùi 5, 6 choã.
rust occurring along crystal z intermediate coat n. any coat
boundaries of metals or alloys: of paint between the first coat
Veáât ræ beân trong kim loaïi (primer) and last coat (finish):
interference n. noise from the Lôùp sôn giöõa.
ignition system that affects radio z intermediate (drive) plate or
and TV reception: Söï nhieãu voâ interplate n. disc between the
tuyeán töø heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa. driven plates in a twin plate
interior n. & a. (the) inside (of) a clutch: Ñóa truyeàn ñoäng trung
vehicle: Noäi thaát xe. gian.
interior light = COURTESY LIGHT: z intermediate gear n. any
Ñeøn traàn. gear between bottom gear and top
interior mirror = rearview mirror gear, but usually refers to second

188
intermediate rod internal vane pump

or third gears: Baùnh raêng trung internal damage n. damage to the

gian. body shell that is not usually
z intermediate rod n. = visible from the outside: Söï hö
RELAY ROD: Thanh ngang. haïi beân trong.
z intermediate shaft n. rotating internal diameter n. = INSIDE
shaft joining two other shafts: DIAMETER: Ñöôøng kính trong.
Truïc trung gian. z internal gear n. internally
intermittent a. occurring at regular or toothed annulus gear: Baùnh raêng
irregular intervals: Ngaét quaõng, trong, voøng raêng trong.
giaùn ñoaïn. z internal gear pump n. gear
intermittent fault = fault which pump which has one rotor with
comes and goes (and annoyingly internally cut teeth meshing with
never occurs when the car is taken an externally cut gear idler; a
in to the garage for repair!): Truïc crescent-shaped partition is used
traëc, hö hoûng khoâng lieân tuïc. to prevent liquid from passing
intermittent wiper control n. back to the suction side of the
operates the wipers at preset pump; a typical oil pump,
intervals; typically adjustable characterized by quiet operation
from 2 to 40 seconds : Söï ñieàu and high capacity: Bôm baùnh
khieån ngaét quaõng caàn gaït nöôùc. raêng
(NOTE: US English is mist z internal micrometer n.
action) micrometer for inside
internal circlip pliers n. special measurements such as distances
pliers with pointed jaw tips for the between two parallel surfaces or
installation and removal of inside diameters of cylinder and
internal circlips: Kìm môû phe beân main bearing bores: Vi keá ño
trong. trong (panme)
internal combustion (IC) engine n. internal resistance n. the resistance
type of engine in which the fuel is inherent in a voltage source, such
burned within the cylinders of the as a battery: Ñieän trôû trong (aéc
engine (as opposed to, for quy).
example, the steam engine) and internal thread n. thread on the
the gaseous combustion products inside of a nut or similar into
serve as the thermodynamic fluid; which the external thread of a bolt
the spent gases are released into or screw fits: Ren trong.
the atmosphere; the term internal (NOTE: also called female
combustion engine covers all thread)
types of reciprocating and rotary z internal vane pump n. =
engines, but is typically used with SLIDING-VANE PUMP: Bôm
reference to fourstroke petrol and kieåu caùnh tröôït.
diesel engines: Ñoäng cô ñoát International Standards
trong. Organization (ISO) n.

189
interplate Izod method

Genevabased organization angle from which they are

established (in its present form) in observed, changes: OÙng aùnh
1947 to standardize units of nhieàu maøu saéc.
measurement and technical iron n. (a) most common metallic
design: Toå chöùc tieâu chuaån quoác element, used for making steel:
teá. Saét.
interplate n. = INTERMEDIATE (b) US = TYRE LEVER
(DRIVE) PLATE IR remote control n. = INFRARED
interruptor n. see THERMOSTATIC REMOTE CONTROL
INTERRUPTOR IRS = INDEPENDENT REAR
intersection n. road junction: Söï SUSPENSION
giao nhau cuûa ñöôøng isooctane n. liquid hydrocarbon used
interval operation n. intermittent to determine the octane rating of
operation: Söï hoaït ñoäng ngaét fuels: Hydrocarbon loûng duøng ñeå
quaõng. xaùc ñònh chæ soá octane
IOE engine n. = INLET OVER isolator n. item that prevents
EXHAUST ENGINE interaction between two
ion n. electrically charged particle components: Vaät ngaên caùch
formed by losing or gaining Izod method or test n. impact
electrons; particles of this type resistance test in which the
make a solution of certain specimen is held as a vertical
chemicals a conductor of cantilever beam and is broken by
electricity: Ion. a single swing of a pendulum, with
z ioniccurrent measuring the line of initial contact at a fixed
method or technique n. distance from the specimen clamp
measuring the conductivity in the and from the centreline of the
spark gap in order to select a notch and on the same face as the
sparking plug of the correct heat notch: Phöông phaùp Izod ñeå
range: Kyõ thuaät (phöông phaùp) kieåm tra ñoä cöùng.
ño ñieän trôû khe hôû bougie ñeå xaùc
ñònh chæ soá nhieät.
iridescent a. displaying a spectrum of
glittering, shimmering colours;
often changing as the position or

190
jack jockey pulley

Jj

jack n. mechanical or hydraulic carburettor: Vít ñieàu chænh gíclô.

device for raising (part of) a car: jet bearing = bearing in a Stromberg
Caùi kích, con ñoäi. carburettor: Voøng ñôõ loã tia chính.
jack stand = AXLE STAND: Con ñoäi jet carrier or jet head = removable
keâ, con ñoäi cheát (3 chaân) plug in a carburettor containing
jack up v. to raise using a jack: Kích the jet: OÁc ñaäy loã gíclô.
leân (xe oâtoâ). jet needle = tapered needle in a
jacking point = strengthened place on carburettor jet: Kim loã tia.
the under body to put the jack: jet tube = tube that houses the main
Ñieåm ñaët kích (döôùi gaàm xe) jet in an SU carburettor: OÁng
(NOTE: small cars have one point chöùa gíclô chính.
on each side but larger cars may jet process n. process by which the
have two) thickness of hot-dip galvanized
jackknife v. (of articulated lorries) coating on steel strips can be
to go out of control when braking regulated, allowing the application
harshly so that the trailer slews of coatings of different
round at an angle to the cab: Maát thicknesses on the two sides of
ñieàu khieån khi phanh (xe keùo steel strips: Quaù trình ñieàu chænh
container) beà daøy lôùp
jackshaft n. = INTERMEDIATE J-flange n. most widely used rim
SHAFT: Truïc trung gian. flange type for passenger car
jalopy n. (informal) a worn-out old wheels; the J-flange is 17.3 mm in
car: OÂtoâ raát cuõ. height: Meùp nieàng hình chöõ J.
jamb switch n. push-button light jib-jack n. lever-type tower jack:
switch located in a door jamb (e. Kích naâng baèng caàn
g. for courtesy lights, boot light): JJD wheel n. safety wheel which can
Coâng taéc cöûa be run when deflated: Baùnh xe an
jam nut n. = SELF-LOCKING NUT: toaøn (coù theå chaïy khi xeïp)
Ñai oác töï haõm. job n. particular piece of work: Coâng
jerking see JOLTING vieäc, vieäc.
jet n. (i) precision-made hole to lube job = lubrication of an engine: Söï
control the flow of petrol, air or boâi trôn ñoäng cô.
air/ fuel mixture, as in a valve job = replacing or regrinding old
carburettor: Gíclô, loã tia. valves: Söï thay theá hay maøi laïi
(ii) the nozzle containing such a xuùpaùp.
hole: Voøi phun. jockey pulley or wheel n. free-
jet adjuster = nut that regulates the turning, spring-loaded idler used
volume or strength of the air / fuel to tension the timing belt: Puli
mixture in a variable-choke caêng ñai.

191
joggle just-in-time system

joggle 1 n. slight step along the edge joyride 1 n. a reckless drive in a

of a panel to provide a level stolen car: Chaïy xe lieàu lónh
mounting and welding surface so trong xe aên caép
that it can be overlapped against judder 1 v. to shake or vibrate: Rung
the adjacent panel for subsequent xoùc.
lap or spot welding: Gôø, vaáu, 2 n. shaking or vibration (brake
khung judder; clutch judder; wiper blade
2 v. to join by means of a joggle: judder): Söï rung xoùc.
Noái baèng gôø. juggernaut n. a very large goods
z joggler n. metalworking tool lorry: Xe taûi naëng.
used for creating a joggle: Duïng jumper cable n. US = JUMP
cuï taïo vaáu. LEAD: Daây noái taét.
joint n. the interface at which two or z jump leads n. pair of well-
more mechanical or structural insulated electrical cables with
components are united: Khôùp noái, crocodile-clip ends, used to
moái noái, moái gheùp. connect the two live terminals of a
z joint splitting tool n. = BALL functioning battery to the dead
JOINT SEPARATOR: Duïng cuï terminals of a flat one to get a car
thaùo khôùp noái caàu. with a discharged battery started :
jolting n. effect caused by harsh Caëp daây noái aéc quy ngoaøi ñeå
clutch release: car body jerks khôûi ñoäng
repeatedly in a longitudinal z jump start v. to start a car with
direction: Söï giaät leân , söï xoùc leân a flat battery using jump leads to
khi nhaû ly hôïp. obtain a charge from a nearby live
joule n. SI unit of measurement of battery: Khôûi ñoäng baèng caùch
energy: Ñôn vò naêng löôïng, kí noái aéc quy ngoaøi.
hieäu J. junk 1 n. scrap: Pheá lieäu, söï caét vuïn.
(NOTE: usually written J with 2 v. to scrap: Caét vuïn, ñaäp vuïn
figures: 25J) ra.
jounce and rebound n. = BUMP z junkyard n. place where cars
AND REBOUND are sent for scrap: Baõi xe pheá lieäu
z jounce buffer or bumper n. just-in-time system n. system of
compression buffer at the top of production where components are
the shock absorber or strut: Caùi delivered as they are required
ñeäm giaûm xoùc. rather than keeping them in store:
journal n. the part of a shaft which is Heä thoáng saûn xuaát nhòp nhaøng
supported by a bearing: Coå truïc. (Nhaät)

192
Kadenacy effect kickdown valve

Kk
Kadenacy effect n. when a port a z key file n. small file with a
two-stroke engine opens abruptly, length of 100/ 150 mm for
as is the case with a rectangular sharpening key holes and other
exhaust port, the cylinder pressure small components, available in
gives rise to a positive pressure standard shapes, e. g. as flat
wave transmitted down the tapered, flat parallel, half round,
exhaust pipe at the speed of sound three square, square or round file:
Kadenacy: Hieäu öùng Kadenacy. Duõa nhoû maøi loã khoùa
kangarooing n. (informal) moving keyless entry system n. allows
forward in a succession of sudden locking and unlocking of the
jerks as a result of improper use of vehicle's doors and boot without
the clutch, (a characteristic of using a key: Heä thoáng khoùa cöûa
learner drivers): xe chaïy khoâng khoâng chìa khoùa (töø xa).
ñeàu do ngöôøi môùi hoïc laùi keyway n. slot cut into a component
keep alive memory (KAM) n. = which accepts the key (b) of
FAULT MEMORY: Boä nhôù maõ another component to ensure such
loãi. a tight fit that the two components
kerb n. stone edging between the operate as one: Raõnh ñuùt chìa
pavement and the road: Leà khoùa.
ñöôøng. K-flange n. rim flange type for
(NOTE: US English is curb) passenger car wheels; the K-
z kerb weight n. weight of a flange is 19.3 mm in height and
vehicle with fuel, oil and coolant rarely used today : Meùp nieàng xe
but without occupants, luggage or kieåu K.
payload: Khoái löôïng xe khoâng coù kick v. US = GO OFF : Xuaát phaùt.
ngöôøi vaø haønh lyù z kickdown (KD) n. (automatic
kerosene or kerosine n.(a) fuel for gearbox) system that enables a
jet engines: Xaêng cho ñoäng cô driver to accelerate rapidly, by
phaûn löïc. fully depressing the accelerator
(b) US = PARAFFIN: Daàu hoûa. pedal to engage a lower gear than
key 1 n. (a) metal instrument for the one selected by the automatic
turning locks and key-operated gearbox: Heä thoáng gia toác nhanh
switches: Chìa khoùa. trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng baèng caùch
(b)small peg or wedge that fits ñaïp heát ga.
into a keyway: Chìa khoùa. (NOTE: US English is forced
(c ) L-shaped tool for turning: downshift)
Khoùa chöõ L ñeå quay kickdown valve = mechanically or
(d) recessed screws (e.g.Allen electrically operated valve which
key): Khoùa. actuates a downward gearchange

193
kickplate knock limit

if the accelerator pedal is fully intersects the wheel plane at or

depressed: Van xuoáng soá khi below ground level, ' negative ' if
taêng toác the point of intersection is above
z kickplate or kick strip n. = ground level: Ñoäï ñieàu chænh goùc
SCUFF PLATE kingpin.
z kick start v. to start a (NOTE: also called scrub radius)
motorcycle engine by kicking a kink 1 n. twist or sharp bend in a
pedal downwards: Caàn khôûi hose: Choã thaét nuùt, choã xoaén
ñoäng. treân oáng meàm
z kickstarter n. pedal lever and 2 v. to form a kink (check for
ratchet mechanism for kick kinked, clogged, or damaged
starting an engine: Cô caáu khôûi hoses): Thaét nuùt, xoaén laïi (oáng
ñoäng baèng caàn (gioø ñaïp) meàm)
z kickup n. raised section of the kit n. set of tools, parts, etc.: Boä
frame and body to provide duïng cuï, boä phuï tuøng
clearance for the front and/or rear z kit car n. car that is assembled
suspension system or axles: Söï (often by the DIY enthusiast) from
naâng gaàm its constituent parts; usually with a
z kickup pipe = exhaust pipe GRP body shell: Xe töï laép
section including the elbow or U K-jetronic n. commonly used
around the rear axle: OÁng uoán mechanical fuel injection system
khuùc cuûa boä giaûm thanh (poâ) made by Bosch in which the
kidney dolly n. = TOE DOLLY amount of fuel injected
kilometre (km) or US kilometer n. continuously under pressure into
unit of length (1 km = 0.621 mile; the inlet ports is controlled by an
1 mile = 1.61 km) airflow meter: Heä thoáng phun
kilometres per hour (km/h) = unit of xaêng cô khí.
velocity: Ñôn vò ño vaän toác. km (short for) kilometre
kilopascal (kPa) n. SI measurement km/h = kilometres per hour
of pressure (= 1000 Pascals): Ñôn knifing stopper n. fine grade filler
vò ño aùp suaát. for minor dents and chips: Loaïi
kingpin n. vertical or inclined shaft ma tit ñeå daëm vaù caùc vuøng loõm
about which a steered wheel nhoû treân thaân xe
pivots: Truï quay laùi. knock n. = ENGINE KNOCK:
kingpin axis = centreline of the ball Tieáng goõ ñoäng cô, kích noå.
joints in a front suspension z knock control n. retards the
system: Ñöôøng taâm cuûa khôùp bi spark advance when detonation
trong heä thoáng treo tröôùc occurs: Söï kieåm soaùt kích noå.
(NOTE: also called swivel-axis knocker n. (informal US) = PANEL
inclination) PULLER
kingpin offset = geometric parameter: knock limit n. degree of spark
'positive' if the kingpin axis advance before detonation: Goùc

194
knock-off/on nut KPI

ñaùnh löûa sôùm taïi thôøi ñieåm coù (ii) hinged joint between two rods
kích noå. or tubes: Khôùp noái hai truïc (oáng)
knock-off/on nut n. = SPINNER z knuckle arm n. = STEERING
z knock-off wheel n. splined- ARM: Truïc daãn höôùng.
hub wheel with one central z knuckle pin n. = KINGPIN
locking nut (spinner) which is knurl 1 n. (on nuts, knobs) (series
knocked on and off with a soft- of) small ridges to provide a grip
headed hammer: baùnh xe moät for fingers: Khía treân oác ñeå deã
khoaù vaën.
knock resistance n. = OCTANE 2 v. to roughen with knurls:
NUMBER: Chæ soá choáng kích noå. Taïo khía.
z knock sensor n. = knurled nut = thumb nut with knurled
DETONATION SENSOR: Caûm sides : Ñai oác coù khía
bieán kích noå. z knurling n. roughening with
knuckle n. (i) the joint of a hinge knurls: Söï taïo khía.
through which the pin passes: KPI = KINGPIN INCLINATION:
Baûn leà Ñoä nghieâng truï quay laùi.

195
L lamp blackening

Ll

L (a) (automatic transmission) = 2. v. to make material by bonding

LOW: Soá thaáp (hoäp soá töï ñoäng) together several thin sheets: Ñöôïc
Labour v. (engine) to struggle to eùp ra töø nhieàu taám
keep turning due to lack of revs or z laminated glass = sandwich-
the use of too high a gear: Di type construction of two or more
chuyeån voøng khoù vì toác ñoä thaáp panes of glass laminated together
hoaëc soá cao. with an extremely tough, crystal-
z labouring n. (of engine) having clear plastic film; on severe
difficulty in turning: Söï di chuyeån impact, laminated glass will crack,
voøng khoù khaên. but not shatter like ordinary glass,
(NOTE: US English is lugging) nor craze over like toughened
ladder chassis or US ladder frame n. glass: Kính an toaøn coù nhieàu lôùp
chassis layout in which the side (khi ñuïng chæ nöùt maø khoâng vôõ).
members are connected at z laminated iron core = the core
intervals by cross members, like a of an ignition coil consisting of
ladder; common on coachbuilt pieces of soft iron laminations,
designs, obsolete in modern insulated from one another: Loõi
unitary construction designs: saét cuûa boâbin goàm nhieàu mieáng
Khung xe hình caùi thang. gheùp laïi.
lake pipes or Lake pipes n. non z laminated windscreen =
functional side pipes fitted for windscreen made with laminated
decorative purposes only: Caùc glass: Kính tröôùc ñöôïc eùp töø
oáng beân hoâng ñeå laøm ñeïp xe. nhieàu mieáng moûng.
lambda n. eleventh letter of the z laminating n. covering sheets
Greek alphabet: Heä soá dö löôïng with a particular layer or covering
khoâng khí λ, chöõ caùi Hylaïp. moulded parts with a specific
z lambda probe or lambda plastic film: EÙp nhöïa
sensor n. = OXYGEN SENSOR: z lamination n. (i) act of
Caûm bieán oxy, caûm bieán lambda. laminating (ii) thin layer (iii)
z lambda window n. narrow structure made up of thin layer:
range (where lambda = 1), which Söï eùp, lôùp moûng, caáu truùc laøm
yields the lowest emission values töø nhieàu lôùp moûng.
for CO, NOx, and HC: Vuøng lamp n. lighting unit: Caùi ñeøn.
quanh ñieåm tyû leä hoaø khí lyù z lamp aperture = opening in a
töôûng λ = 1 sheet metal panel for mounting
laminate 1 n. a sheet of material the headlamp or taillight: Loã
made of several different bonded khung baét ñeøn ñaàu hoaëc ñuoâi.
layers: Taám laøm töø nhieàu lôùp z lamp blackening = blackening
khaùc nhau. of a light bulb; gradual blackening

196
lamp cluster lateral

of conventional, i. e. non-halogen style is still found on some

light bulbs, occurs as a result of American sedans (saloons): Loaïi
metal vapour deposition on the xe coå ñieån mui traàn nhöng coù
glass envelope which reduces taám che gheá sau
light emission; severe blackening lane n. (a) narrow road, often in the
indicates imminent bulb failure: country: Ñöôøng heïp
Söï ñen ñaàu boùng ñeøn do (b) track on a road, defining lines
vonfram boác hôi. of traffic: Laøn xe, tuyeán.
z lamp cluster = group of lamps lap 1 n. rotating disc covered with
behind a cover; the rear lights of fine abrasive for polishing: Ñaù
most cars are grouped together in maøi.
clusters: Cuïm ñeøn goàm nhieàu 2 v. (valve seats etc.) to polish
boùng gaàn nhau. with a lap: Maøi (ñeá suù paùp) baèng
zlamp panel = panel that ñaù maøi.
encloses part or all of the z lap belt n. 2-point belt pulled
headlamp or taillight cutout and across the hips, or lap belt portion
may extend across the width of of a combined lap/shoulder belt;
the car to include both cutouts; in mostly only on the rear centre
the latter case, it forms an seat, on some models on all rear
additional panel to be joined to seats: Ñai an toaøn buoäc qua
the smaller front or rear valances: hoâng.
Khung ñeøn z lap joint n. (welding) simple
z lamp socket US = BULB joint made by overlapping one
HOLDER: Ñui ñeøn, loã caém boùng surface with another and joining
ñeøn. them together: Söï gheùp mí, haøn
z lamp unit = sealed light unit choàng mí.
with reflector and lens all-in-one: lash n. US = FREE PLAY: Khoaûng
Cuïm ñeøn tích hôïp goàm caû göông dòch chuyeån töï do.
phaûn chieáu vaø laêng kính. last station memory n. (audio/video)
land n. smooth, open area of a circuit which ensures that when
(grooved) surface, such as the the unit is turned on, the tuner
bands of metal between the automatically tunes to the station
grooves in a piston which carry that was received before the unit
the piston rings: Raõnh xeùc maêng. was turned off: Maïch nhôù ñaøi
landau or landaulet n. classic car cuoái (radio, TV)
style characterized by the fact that latch n. part of the locking
only the rear seats were protected mechanism of doors, bonnets,
by a hard or convertible top, boots, tailgates: Choát, then gaøi.
whereas the driver was exposed to latch (ing) pillar n. = B-PILLAR:
the open air in order to be more Truï ñôõ trung taâm khung cöûa.
aware of road and weather lateral a. relating to the side: Thuoäc
conditions; an imitation landaulet maët beân, ôû beân.

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lateral acceleration LDC

z lateral acceleration n. khung ñoái vôùi chaán ñoäng beân

centrifugal force moving a vehicle hoâng (Ñoä cöùng ngang).
towards the outside of a curve lay-by n. place at the side of a road
when cornering: Löïc tröôït ngang where drivers can stop (to rest):
khi quay voøng Nôi coù theå döøng xe (nghæ taïm)
lateral air passage n. passage at the layer of pure zinc n. top layer on
nozzle of a spray gun for shaping hotdip galvanized steel which, in
the spray pattern to a long or contrast to zinc-iron alloy layers,
elongated oval: Loã khoâng khí ôû almost completely consists of
ñaàu suùng phun sôn ñònh daïng tia zinc: Lôùp keõm maï treân theùp.
phun. z layer thickness n. coating
z lateral atomization orifice = thickness (indicated in
additional passages at the nozzle of micrometres or millimetres): Ñoä
a spray gun for supplying daøy lôùp phuû (sôn)
additional air to break up the paint Layrub coupling n. universal joint
unto smaller droplets: Loã phuï ôû using four moulded rubber inserts
ñaàu voøi phun sôn duøng ñeå taùn mounted on a round steel plate:
nhoû sôn. Khôùp noái Layrub, khôùp noái coù 4
z lateral grip n. ability of a tyre cuïc cao su loàng vaøo ñóa theùp.
to maintain its course, or remain layshaft n. intermediate shaft
under normal steering control, between and parallel to the input
while being subjected to and output shafts, carrying the two
directionally disturbing pairs of gearwheels which provide
influences: Söï oån ñònh chuyeån the required changes in gear ratio:
ñoäng cuûa baùnh xe khi coù taùc Truïc trung gian (coù gaén caëp
ñoäng beân ngoaøi. baùnh raêng) trong hoäp soá.
z lateral impact n. side crash: (NOTE: US English is
Söï va chaïm beân hoâng. countershaft)
z lateral runout n. side-to-side lazy tongs n. (i) any device with
wobble (e. g. of wheel, brake disc, extensible arms (often in the form
rotor): Ñoä ñaûo beà maët (baùnh xe, of a series of crossed, hinged bars)
ñóa phanh …) for handling objects at a distance:
(NOTE: the maximum lateral Duïng cuï coù tay noái
runout of a brake disc should not (ii) specifically, a type of pop
exceed 0.004 in or 0.1 mm) rivet gun with such arms: Suùng
z lateral stability n. = taùn diveâ coù ñaàu noái.
LATERAL GRIP: Söï oån ñònh LCD (short for) liquid-crystal display:
ngang. an optical, digital display used in
z lateral stiffness n. resistance of the instrument panel: Maøn hình
a vehicle body structure to lateral tinh theå loûng.
impact: Khaû naêng chòu löïc cuûa LDC = LOWER DEAD CENTRE:

198
LDPE lean

Ñieåm cheát döôùi. z lead tolerance = resistance to

LDPE = LOW-DENSITY leaded fuel: Choáng xaêng pha chì
POLYETHYLENE: Nhöïa PE tyû z lead weight = balance weight
troïng thaáp. on a wheel rim: Mieáng chì caân
lead 1 n. soft, toxic, heavy metal used baèng treân maâm baùnh xe
in starter batteries, and in leaded lead 2 n. (a) connection cable for an
fuel as an anti-knock agent: Chì. electric current: Daây noái (ñieän)
z lead-acid battery = system of (b) (bolt, screw) distance from
lead plates and dilute sulphuric the thread crest to the adjacent
acid; used as a starter battery and crest of the same thread: Böôùc
as a traction battery in electric ren.
vehicles: AÉc quy axít chì. lead and lag n. terms referring to the
z lead-antimony grid = Coát time between a valve opening and
baûn cöïc baèng hôïp kim chì TDC or BDC (valve lead), and the
antimon. time between TDC or BDC and a
z lead deposit = lead particles valve closing (valve lag): Thôøi
that separate from the battery gian töø luùc suù pap ñoùng ñeán khi
plates during normal operation: piston leân ñieåm cheát treân hoaëc
Lôùp caën chì (aéc quy) cheát döôùi vaø thôøi gian suù paùp môû
z leaded petrol = petrol to ñeán khi piston leân ñieåm cheát
which lead has been added as an treân hoaëc cheát döôùi
anti-knock agent: Xaêng pha chì. leading a. forward or at the front:
z lead-free petrol = unleaded Daãn ñaàu, ñaàu.
petrol: Xaêng khoâng pha chì. z leading arm = front
z lead glazing = faulty sparking suspension link which supports the
plug condition caused by molten wheel in front of the pivot point:
lead salt deposits that solidify into Ñoøn daãn höôùng
a yellow, brown or green glaze: z leading shoe = shoe of a brake
Tình traïng bougie bò hö do ñieän drum system which pivots outwards
cöïc bò baùm chì. into the approaching drum: Boá
z lead loading = the process of phanh (troáng)
filling dents and damaged areas of (NOTE: US English is primary
the bodywork with body lead: Söï shoe)
traùm chì (laøm ñoàng). leaf spring n. flat, narrow, metal strip
z lead peroxide = poisonous of varying length used as a spring:
compound used, for example, as an Loø xo laù, nhíp.
electrode in batteries: PbO2 – lean a. of a weak air/ fuel mixture
chaát laøm baûn cöïc döông aéc quy. that has less petrol than normal:
z lead sulphate = chemical Thieáu xaêng (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
compound; poisonous white ngheøo)
crystals found in discharged (NOTE: opposite is rich)
batteries: Sunfat chì. z Lean Authority Limit Switch

199
lean-burn engine LHD

n. developed by GM to monitor available to move one's legs in a

heated carburettor inlet air vehicle: Choã ñeå chaân, choã duoãi
through an air cleaner TVS and to chaân.
prevent the control unit from LE-Jetronic n. the LE-Jetronic
providing the carburettor with too system incorporates the
lean a mixture, for better advantages of direct airflow
performance when starting from measurement with the
cold: Coâng taéc giôùi haïn hoaø khí enhancements afforded by
ngheøo (ñeå deã khôûi ñoäng) electronics: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
z lean-burn engine n. engine ñieän töû ño tröïc tieáp löu löôïng
which uses a lean mixture of fuel khí naïp.
and air to increase fuel economy lemon n. a new or used car with
and reduce exhaust emissions: many defects: Xe bò loãi.
Ñoäng cô ñoát ngheøo. lens n. glass or plastic front cover of
z lean mixture n. mixture with a headlight through which the
more oxygen than necessary to light converges or diverges: Thaáu
burn the fuel contained in the kính, kính khuyeách taùn ôû ñeøn
mixture: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí ñaàu.
ngheøo. let in v. (clutch) to engage: Gaøi
(NOTE: opposite is rich mixture) khôùp.
LED (short for) light-emitting diode: z let out v. to release: Nhaû
a semiconductor device used for khôùp, xaû.
digital displays in the instrument level n. Möùc.
panel: Ñioát phaùt quang. z level out v. to work on a panel
left-hand drive (LHD) a. steering to remove irregularities with the
system where the steering wheel use of hammer and dolly or by
is located on the left-hand side of filling and sanding, etc.: Laøm
the vehicle; used for driving on phaúng thaân xe.
the right, as in most parts of the z level plug n. threaded plug in
world, except for some the side of a gearbox or rear axle
Commonwealth countries (e. g. to determine if sufficient oil has
the UK and Australia), and Japan: been used during filling: Que
Tay laùi thuaän, tay laùi beân traùi. thaêm daàu.
(NOTE: opposite is right-hand levering bar n. metalworking tool
drive) shaped like a large tyre lever with
z left-hand thread n. thread flat hooked ends for levering bent
which will accept a nut turned panels back into position: Caùi ñe
anticlockwise: Ren ngöôïc lôùn (laøm ñoàng)
leftward welding n. welding a seam LH (short for) left hand: Beân traùi,
towards the left: Haøn theo höôùng baèng tay traùi.
traùi. LHD = LEFT-HAND DRIVE: Tay
legroom n. the amount of space laùi thuaän.

200
L-head light unit

L-head n. L-shaped combustion ALLOY PISTON: Píttoâng hôïp

chamber: Buoàng chaùy hình chöõ L kim nheï.
z L-head engine = side valve z light-alloy wheel = ALLOY
engine: Ñoäng cô coù suù paùp beân WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe hôïp kim
hoâng. nheï (ñuùc)ï.
licence or US license n. document z light bulb n. = BULB: Boùng
giving official permission to do ñeøn.
something: Baèng caáp, giaáy pheùp. z lighter n. electric, push-button
z license plate n. US = device on the dashboard which,
NUMBER PLATE: Baûng soá. when depressed, produces a red-
lift n. (a) amount by which a poppet hot filament for lighting
valve rises when opened: Khoaûng cigarettes, etc.: Caùi moài thuoác laù
ñoäi suù paùp trong xe.
(b) aerodynamic force caused by z light-fast a. unaffected by
greater pressure above the car light: Khoâng bò aûnh höôûng bôûi
than below it and having the aùnh saùng
effect of loss of traction and z light-footed a. used to
stability; (counteracted by a describe a mode of driving which
suitable spoiler): Xe bò boàng uses gentle pressure on the
beành do löïc khí ñoäng accelerator, thus maximizing fuel
z lifter n. US = TAPPET: Con economy: Kieåu laùi xe ñaïp ga nheï
ñoäi. ñeå tieát kieäm nhieân lieäu.
liftgate n. US = TAILGATE: Cöûa z light-off temperature n. the
sau. temperature at which a catalytic
lifting platform take-up point n. any converter achieves a 50%
of the lifting points specified by conversion rate; typically near
the manufacturer for supporting 250°C: Nhieät ñoä maø boä xuùc taùc
the car on a lifting platform: Ñieåm hoaït ñoäng 50%.
ñoäi (gaàm xe) z lights-on reminder n. usually
lift pump n. = FUEL PUMP: Bôm a buzzer, chime or voice alert
nhieân lieäu. which reminds you that you have
light 1 a. (a) easy to operate: Nheï left the car lights on: Baùo coøn baät
nhaøng, deã söû duïng. ñeøn baèng tieáng coøi hoaëc gioïng
(NOTE: opposite is heavy) noùi.
(b) weighing relatively little; not z light truck or van n. typically
heavy: Nheï. a vehicle under 3 tons, which
2. n. (a) illumination, as from includes pickups, passenger vans
lamp: Soi saùng and most 4WD vehicles and for
(b) vehicle window: Cöûa soå which one does not need a special
(kính) xe. licence: Xe taûi nheï.
z light-alloy piston n. = z light unit n. = LAMP UNIT:
Cuïm ñeøn.

201
limit lip

limit n. the performance limit of a line pressure n. line pressure is fed

car's chassis, tyres, etc. typically to the shifting components when
experienced during sharp they are to be applied; it increases
cornering at high speeds : Söï giôùi in proportion to engine speed and
haïn tính naêng cuûa thaân xe, baùnh is the highest pressure in the
xe khi quay voøng gaáp ôû toác ñoä hydraulic control system: Aùp suaát
cao. treân oáng
z limit cycle control n. = liner n. = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL: Chu loùt xy lanh.
trình ñieàu khieån kín. line spanner n. = FLARE NUT
z limited-slip differential n. axle SPANNER: Côø leâ nuï, oáng tuyùp.
differential or central differential lining n. (a) interior trim, e. g. of
incorporating a locking or slip- doors, convertible tops: Lôùp vaûi
limiting mechanism to counter mui.
wheel spin: Caàu vi sai vôùi cô caáu (b) friction material (e. g. on
khoùa brake shoes in drum brake, on
z limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED clutch disc, on brake bands in
LIMITER: Cô caáu giôùi haïn toác automatic transmission): Chaát ma
ñoä ñoäng cô. saùt trong boá phanh, boá ly hôïp…
limousine or (informal) limo n. linishing n. smoothing sheet metal
large luxurious car with a glass using power tools, e. g. with an
partition between driver and angle grinder and emery belt or
passengers: Loaïi xe lôùn daøi sang grinding disk: Söï maøi nhaün taám
troïng, coù kính ngaên giöõa buoàng kim loaïi
laùi vaø khoang sau. link n. (a) movable, hinged piece
limp-home mode (of operation) n. connecting moving parts of a
standby circuit which allows a car machine: Thanh noái, maéc noái.
with electronic system trouble to (b) = SUSPENSION LINK: Caùc
be driven home slowly: Söï chaïy thanh noái heä thoáng treo.
baèng heä thoáng döï phoøng khi xe z linkage power steering n.
gaëp söï coá (heä thoáng ñieàu khieån linkage-type, power-assisted
ñoäng cô) steering system in which a
linear (source) lamp n. = FESTOON conventional manual system is
BULB: Boùng ñeøn trang trí. assisted by hydraulic or pneumatic
z linear wiper system n. system effort applied directly to a track
in which the wiper arm is attached rod: Trôï löïc laùi kieåu thanh noái
both at the top and bottom and, lip n. the edge of a sheet metal panel
instead of describing the usual arc, folded at right angles to the basic
is guided in a straight line from panel contours; often used to
one side of the windscreen to the mount the panel to an adjacent
other: Heä thoáng gaït nöôùc vôùi panel, e. g. for spot welding:
thanh gaït chaïy thaúng. Meùp, mieäng (taám, voû khung)

202
liquid-cooled load floor extension

z lip seal with garter spring n. = truyeàn.

RADIAL SHAFT SEAL: Phôùt live axle n. a power-transmitting
chaän nhôùt truïc ngang axle: Truïc truyeàn ñoäng.
liquefied natural gas (LNG) n. L-Jetronic air flow meter n. airflow
e. g. methane, possible future meter used on the L-Jetronic
alternative fuel for SI engines: system: Boä ño gioù kieåu L.
Khí thieân nhieân hoùa loûng. z L-Jetronic (fuel injection)
z liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) system n. electronically
n. by-product of oil refining, controlled fuel injection system:
mainly butane or propane or a Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñieän töû
mixture of the two gases, used as kieåu L.
a fuel for some SI petrol engines: load n. (a) something to be born or
Khí ñoàng haønh hoùa loûng. transported: Taûi
liquid-cooled a. (engine) cooled by (b) amount of material
the passage of water or oil: Laøm transported: Troïng taûi.
maùt baèng nöôùc hoaëc nhôùt (c) amount of power carried by an
(NOTE: opposite is air-cooled) electric circuit: Taûi ñieän.
z Liquide Hydraulique Minerale (d) resistance overcome by an
(LHM) n. green hydraulic fluid engine when it is driving a
used by Citroen for some of their machine: Söùc taûi (ñoäng cô)
suspension systems: Nhôùt thuyû z load alteration effect n.
löïc maøu xanh duøng cho heä thoáng reactions in the drive train or, in
treo Citroen FWD vehicles, in the steering, due
z liquid gasket n. room to sudden load alteration: Phaûn
temperature vulcanizing gasket öùng cuûa phaàn ñoäng löïc, cuûa heä
sealer (from a tube): Roong loûng. thoáng laùi khi taûi troïng thay ñoåi
z liquid paint n. paint which ñoät ngoät.
contains solvents and cures at z load-controlled power
room temperature or by baking: distribution n. drive torque
Dung dòch sôn. distribution, as established e. g. by
z liquid pump n. machine used a Torsen differential: Söï phaân
to raise liquids from a low to a phoái coâng suaát theo taûi troïng.
high energy level by transferring z load floor n. (i) cargo-carrying
energy to the medium being area of a van or lorry: Thuøng sau
pumped: Maùy bôm chaát loûng. xe taûi
list price n. the price ex-factory, as (ii) floor of the luggage area of an
quoted in the price list, as opposed estate car or hatchback: Ngaên
to the actual sales price which will chöùa ñoà sau xe du lòch.
include on-the-road charges: load floor extension = moulded tray
Baûng giaù goác. that folds out of the rear luggage
little end n. small end of the area and provides an extended
connecting rod: Ñaàu nhoû thanh load floor which hangs

203
load index lock cylinder

z out over the bumper; (can also locating lug or pin n. projection or
be used for picnics): Saøn chöùa ñoà pin for holding a part in a specific
keùo roäng ñöôïc. position: Choát ñònh vò.
z load index (LI) n. coded locating spring n. (of disc brakes)
number on the sidewall of a tyre steel wire clip that secures the
to indicate the maximum load the cylinder in a floating frame or
tyre may carry at a given speed caliper frame: Loø xo ñònh vò.
under manufacturer's conditions: lock 1 (a) n. device for closing
Chæ soá taûi troïng cuûa baùnh xe. something with a key to prevent
z load rating n. = LOAD unauthorized entry: OÅ khoùa.
INDEX: Chæ soá taûi troïng. (b) (steering) amount by which
z load resistor n. = BALLAST the wheels of a vehicle are able to
RESISTOR: Ñieän trôû phuï (ñaùnh turn: Goùc laùi coù theå
löûa) z full lock = the maximum angle
load-sensitive proportioning valve n. attained by the wheels when the
valve which regulates hydraulic steering wheel is turned to its full
pressure to the rear wheels as a extent: Goùc laùi toái ña.
function of chassis height-to-axle 2 v. (a) to close with a key:
distance: Van phaân phoái theo taûi Khoùa baèng chìa.
troïng. (b) to fix or become fixed
load transfer n. = WEIGHT in a certain position: Laøm coá
TRANSFER: Söï chuyeån taûi. ñònh, ñònh vò.
lobe n. = CAM LOBE: Vaáu cam. (c) (gear train members) to
z lobe-type supercharger n. a interlock or couple: Söï caøi vaøo
positive displacement compressor nhau (baùnh raêng)
with twolobed rotors: Bôm taêng z lockable differential n. =
aùp kieåu cam quay. LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL:
local cell n. galvanic cell resulting Vi sai coù cô caáu khoùa
from differences in potential z lockable wheel n. wheel that
between adjacent areas on the can be secured to the hub with a
surface of a metal immersed in an lock: Baùnh xe coù cô caáu khoùa
electrolyte: Pin cuïc boä. z lock angle n. = STEERING
localized corrosion n. corrosion ANGLE: Goùc laùi.
occurring at one part of a metal z lock buster n. = LOCK
surface at a much higher rate than PULIER
over the rest of the surface, e. g. lock cylinder n. cylinder in the middle
pitting corrosion, crevice of a cylinder lock that is prevented
corrosion: Söï aên moøn cuïc boä. from turning (locked) by a number
(NOTE: opposite is uniform of pins (typically five) which
corrosion) penetrate down through the wall
locating dowel n. = DOWEL PIN: of the cylinder: Xylanh coù choát
Choát ñònh vò. ñònh vò

204
lock facing longitudinal

lock facing n. the surface of a door to top of another nut (ii) self-locking
which the lock is attached: Beà nut: Ñai oác töï haõm, ñai oác haõm.
maët laép khoùa (cöûa xe). z lock picker set n. set of
z locking bar clamp n. locking special door lock picker; attached
clamp with sliding jaw providing to the outside of a car door lock,
extended clamping capabilities: the lock puller rips out the entire
Baøn keïp, eâtoâ. lock cylinder: Ñoà naïy oå khoùa.
locking clamp n. locking pliers with z lock ring pliers n. tool for
specially shaped jaws for vice removing and installing heavy-
work and intricate clamping jobs: duty circlips, used e. g. on brakes,
Kìm coù raêng khoùa transmissions, pedal shafts, and
locking differential n. differential clutch shafts: Kìm môû phe.
with the facility for locking z lock-up clutch n.
together the two half shafts, thus automatically engaged clutch in a
putting the differential out of lock-up torque converter which
action and greatly improving prevents slipping losses: Cô caáu
traction: Boä vi sai coù khoùa. noái ly hôïp trong bieán moâ (hoäp soá
z locking lug bolt/nut n. töï ñoäng)
antitheft wheel lug bolt/nut: z lock-up torque converter =
Buloâng/ ñai oác khoùa baùnh xe ñeå torque converter in which the
choáng troäm. pump can be mechanically locked
z locking mechanism or locking to the turbine, eliminating any loss
reel n. device which locks the through the fluid: Boä bieán moâ coù
reel of a seat belt when the khoùa tuoác bin
forward acceleration of the long block n. the long block consists of
occupant exceeds a certain value: the short block plus oil pump and
Cô caáu khoùa chaët ñai an toaøn sump, cylinder head(s),
khi xe taêng toác. camshaft(s) as well as the
locking pliers n. pliers with locking complete valve train: Khoái ñoäng
jaws: Kìm coù raêng khoùa. cô ñaày ñuû chi tieát
locking synchromesh n. common (NOTE: opposite is short block)
synchromesh mechanism in which long block engine n. engine with a
the synchromesh pressure is relatively long crankshaft: Ñoäng
proportional to the gearchange cô coù truïc khuyûu daøi.
force, thus preventing overriding (NOTE: opposite is short block
of the synchromesh action due to engine)
hasty operation of the lever; the longeron n. main side member:
gear and gearchange sleeve are Thanh doïc chính (khung xe)
prevented from engaging until long-haul a. long distance: Khoaûng
rotational speeds are caùch daøi.
synchronized: Boä ñoàng toác. longitudinal a. lengthways: Theo
z lock nut n. (i) nut screwed on chieàu doïc.

205
longitudinal engine lowball

z longitudinal engine = lorry n. large motor vehicle for

traditional engine layout used on carrying goods: Xe taûi.
most RWD vehicles with the (NOTE: US English is always
cylinders lying lengthways from truck)
the front to the back: Ñoäng cô ñaët lost-core technique n. method of
doïc. producing thermoplastic inlet
(NOTE: also called north - south manifolds: Phöông phaùp cheá taïo
layout) oáng goùp huùt baèng nhöïa.
z longitudinal girder or z lost-foam casting (process) n.
member = SIDE MEMBER: casting method using foamed
Thanh doïc chính cuûa söôøn xe. plastic cores, giving the surface of
long-nose pliers n. pliers with half the casting the appearance of
round and tapered jaws, often with styrofoam; used for engine blocks:
a wire cutter and used for Phöông phaùp ñuùc duøng loõi nhöïa
electrical work: Kìm moû daøi. boït.
(NOTE: also called snipe-nose loud pedal n. (informal) accelerator
pliers) pedal: Baøn ñaïp ga.
z long-nose self-grip pliers = louvre or US louver n. (a) air
locking pliers with extra long reach ventilation slot stamped in several
jaws: Kìm moû töï haõm. rows into bonnets and bootlids (b)
z long-reach C-clamp n. self- = VENT: Loã thoâng hôi.
grip locking clamp with extra long Low (L) n. (automatic transmission)
C-shaped jaws: Caùi keïp hình driving gear ratio for hilly terrain;
chöõ C the top gear is not engaged, and
long stroke engine n. reciprocating the engine brake takes effect: Tay
piston engine whose bore soá thaáp, tay soá L.
diameter is smaller than the low-bake booth n. closed section in
stroke; a relatively long stroke painting lines in a paint shop, in
produces higher low-end torque at which coats of paint are dried at
the cost of increased piston speeds low temperatures : Phoøng saáy
and reduced revving ability: Ñoäng chaäm.
cô coù haønh trình daøi. z low-bake equipment =
(NOTE: opposite is short stroke equipment for drying coats of
engine) paint at low temperatures: Thieát
loom n. = WIRING HARNESS: bò saáy sôn ôû nhieät ñoä thaáp.
Buoái (boù) daây ñieän. z low-bake paint = respray paint
loop scavenging n. method of baked at 80°C, giving a high-
scavenging used on two-stroke quality finish but requiring
motorcycle engines: Quaù trình suitable low-bake spray
queùt khí kín (2 kyø) booths/ovens: Sôn noùng.
loosen v. to make (something) less lowball n. US in car sales, the
tight; to slacken: Nôùi loûng. practice of stating a very low price

206
low battery low-profile air cleaner

for a new car to a customer who is raêng nhoû truyeàn ñoäng baùnh
known or expected to be raêng lôùn ñeå tyû soá truyeàn lôùn.
comparison shopping: Ñeà nghò giaù low-loader n. lorry for heavy loads
thaáp khi bieát khaùch haøng so giaù with a low-level loading platform
low battery n. nearly flat battery: AÉc and often an extension ramp or
quy yeáu. lift-operated tailboard which can
low beam n. US = DIPPED BEAM: be lowered to street level: Xe taûi
Ñeøn coát coù böûng sau haï saùt ñaát ñeå laáy
low-carbon steel n. steel containing haøng
0.03 to 0.3 percent carbon low-maintenance battery n. battery
(typically 0.2%): Theùp cacbon with removable vent caps that
thaáp. only requires topping-up about
low-density polyethylene (LDPE) n. once a year: AÉc quy ít caàn baûo
a relatively soft, flexible döôõng.
polyethylene, used mainly for low oil sensor n. = OIL LEVEL
plastic film and sheet: Nhöïa toång SENSOR: Caûm bieán möïc daàu.
hôïp tyû troïng thaáp. z low oil warning light n. =
low-emission a. generally, releasing ENGINE OIL LEVEL WARNING
relatively few pollutants into the LIGHT: Ñeøn baùo möïc daàu.
environment: Möùc oâ nhieãm thaáp low-pressure cut-out n. device
cuûa khí thaûi. which protects the air conditioning
lower dead centre (LDC) n. = system by switching the
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE: compressor off when a pressure
Ñieåm cheát döôùi. loss occurs: Van aùp suaát thaáp
lower front panel n. = FRONT baûo veä maùy neùn (ñieàu hoaø).
APRON: Taám chaén phía tröôùc. z low-pressure foaming n.
low fuel indicator n. warning light process in which plastics are
which comes on when fuel is foamed under low pressure (1-5
getting low (usually indicating, bar): Söï taïo boït cuûa nhöïa vôùi aùp
when the light first comes on, that suaát thaáp.
there is still sufficient fuel to (NOTE: opposite is high-
travel at least 25-50 miles): Ñeøn pressure foaming)
baùo möùc nhieân lieäu thaáp. z low-pressure pump or low-
low gear n. first or second gear, used head pump n. pump used for low
for driving off and climbing steep total heads; in the case of
hills: Soá thaáp. centrifugal pumps the low-
(NOTE: opposite is high gear) pressure pump has a nominal total
z low geared a. characterized head not exceeding 80 m: Bôm aùp
by a small gearwheel (on an input suaát thaáp.
shaft) driving a large one (on the low-profile air cleaner n. usually a
output shaft), providing a high circular, flat, chrome-plated air
gear ratio and high torque: Baùnh cleaner, mounted on top of the

207
low-profile tyre lubrication system

carburettor: Boä loïc gioù troøn treân CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp.

boä cheá hoaø khí. lube n. (informal) LUBRICATION:
low-profile tyre n. tyre with a wide Söï boâi trôn.
tread but no comparative increase z lube oil = LUBRICATION
in height: Voû xe coù gai roäng OIL: Daàu boâi trôn.
nhöng khoâng cao z lube job = LUBRICATION:
low rider n. customized car Söï boâi trôn.
loweredto the extreme through z lubricant n. oily or greasy
body and suspension substance used to reduce friction
modifications: Xe ñöôïc haï thaáp between parts or objects in
(khung) relative motion: Daàu nhôøn, chaát
low side n. (of air conditioning boâi trôn.
systems) side between the z lubricate v. to cover or treat
expansion valve or orifice tube with a lubricant: Boâi trôn.
and the compressor; includes the z lubricating oil n. refined
evaporator: Phaàn aùp thaáp cuûa heä crude oil used as a lubricant: Daàu
thoáng ñieàu hoaø boâi trôn.
low spot n. indentation on a panel z lubricating pressure =
surface: Veát loõm treân thaân xe pressure of a lubricating oil: Aùp
low temperature activity n. denotes suaát daàu boâi trôn.
the ability of a catalytic converter lubrication n. covering or treating
to purify exhaust gases in the moving surfaces with oil or grease
warm-up phase following a cold to keep them apart to reduce
start: Khaû naêng hoaù khöû ôû nhieät friction and wear: Söï boâi trôn.
ñoä thaáp. zlubrication film = coat of
low temperature fouling n. = lubricant to reduce the friction
CARBON FOULING: Ñoùng muoäi created when two surfaces move
do nhieät ñoä thaáp on one another: Maøng daàu boâi
low tension n. low voltage: Hieäu trôn.
ñieän theá thaáp. z lubrication point = place at
low voltage circuit n. = PRIMARY which to apply lubricant: Choã boâi
CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp, maïch trôn, ñieåm boâi trôn.
haï theá. z lubrication pump = pump used
low zinc technology n. technology to supply oil to lubricating points,
used in present-day phosphating particularly for plain bearings:
processes: Coâng ngheä maï keõm Bôm nhôùt.
môùi. z lubrication system = the
L-section ring n. special piston ring system in the engine that supplies
characterized by its L-shaped engine parts with lubricating oil to
cross-section: Maët caét xeùcmaêng prevent contact between any two
daïng L. metal surfaces: Heä thoáng boâi
LT circuit n. = PRIMARY trôn.

208
lug Lysholm supercharger

lug n. (a) device mounted on a surface, in candela per square

rotating shaft or component that metre; not the same as the
engages in a recess of a apparent brightness: Cöôøng ñoä
component to be driven: Maáu saùng.
khôùp (truïc) lustre or US luster n. reflected light;
luggage n. travelling bags or sheen or gloss: Nöôùc boùng, veû
suitcases: Haønh lyù. röïc rôõ.
z luggage carrier = rack bolted luxe (L) n. although the word means
on top of the boot lid for taking luxury, on its own it is often used
luggage or the spare wheel (often to denote a rather basic model:
seen on old sports cars where Loaïi xe haïng sang.
space was at a premium): Giaù Lysholm supercharger n. lobe-type
mang haønh lyù. supercharger similar to the Roots
lugging n. US = LABOURING compressor, but more efficient
lug nut n. US = WHEEL NUT and much more expensive
lumbar support n. seat support for Lysholm: Boä taêng aùp kieåu
the lower back: Thanh choáng Lysholm
löng gheá.
luminance n. luminous intensity of a
surface in a given direction per
unit of projected area of the

209
machine screw magnetic pick-up

Mm
M + S tyre n. mud and snow tyre; z MacPherson suspension =
winter tyre with a deep tread M + suspension layout incorporating
S: Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø MacPherson struts: Heä thoáng
baêng tuyeát treo MacPherson
machine screw n. screw with a macromolecule n. any very large
thread running the lengh of the molecule, such as a synthetic
shank and available with a variety polymer used in the manufacture
of different heads: Vít baét vaøo of plastic: Phaân töû lôùn, ñaïi phaân
kim loaïi töû
z machinists’ caliper n. z macromolecular a. with very
measuring tool with two curved large molecules: Vôùi caùc ñaïi phaân
arms for inside or outside töû
measurement; the reading taken MAF = MASS AIRFLOW: Löu löôïng
with the arms is transferred to a khoâng khí tính baèng khoái löôïng
steel rule or micrometer to attain mag n. (informal) = MAGNETO:
the exact value: Compa ño trong Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt ñieän nam
vaø ño ngoaøi chaâm vónh cöûu)
z machinists’ hammer = BALL magnesium wheel n. = ALLOY
PEEN HAMMER: Buùa thôï maùy WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe loaïi hôïp
coù moät ñaàu troøn kim
MacPherson strut n. (suspension) magnetic clutch n. = ECTRO-
unitary construction of spring and MAGNETIC CLUTCH: Boä ly
damper elements with the hub hôïp loaïi ñieän töø
carrier being attached rigidly to z magnetic (drain) plug n. plug
the outer tubular member: Thanh fitted in the sump to collect metal
giaèng MacPherson (heä thoáng debris: Nuùt töø tính trong cacte
treo) daàu ñeå huùt maïc kim loaïi
z MacPherson strut tower = z magnetic field n. the portion
sheet metal panel surrounding the of space found in the vicinity of a
upper mount of the MacPherson magnetic body or a current-
strut at the side panels of the carrying medium in which the
engine compartment; it may be a forces due to the body or current
separate panel fitted by spot- can be detected: Töø tröôøng
welding or a deep-drawn section magnetic pick-up (assembly) n. pulse
of the side panel shaped to take generator consisting of a stator
the upper strut end: Uï baét thanh with a permanent magnet and a
giaèng rotor, which induces an AC voltage
(NOTE: also called suspension leg in the inductive winding by the
turret) periodical change of the air gap

210
magnetic pick-up (tool) main mixture discharge nozzle

between stator and rotor: Caûm the hood is raised and taut, and
bieán ñieän töø loaïi nam chaâm coá defines the hinge point for the
ñònh. folding motion: Thanh choáng
magnetic pick-up (tool) n. tool with chính
flexible or rigid shaft and magnetic main beam n. long-range setting of
tip used to retrieve dropped nuts, a vehicle’s headlamp; as the beam
bolts, and other metal parts from is directed straight ahead, it will
hard-to-reach places: Thanh daøi dazzle oncoming traffic if used
coù gaén nam chaâm ôû ñaàu ñeå laáy incautiously: Chuøm saùng chính
caùc vaät rôi baèng saét, theùp (ñeøn pha)
z magnetic screwdriver n. (NOTE: US English is high beam)
screwdriver type tool with a z main beam indicator = blue
magnetized hexagon socket end to indicator light in the instrument
accept and operate hex shank bits cluster which comes on when the
and hold them securely; often also main beam is in use: Ñeøn baùo
with a magazine handle for bit ñang baät pha (treân tableau)
storage: Tuoác nô vít coù nam main bearings n. bearings bolted to
chaâm the underside of the cylinder
magnetized a. made magnetic: Bò block, that located support the
töø hoùa camshaft: Baïc loùt coå truïc chính
magneto or (informal) mag n. small main combustion chamber n. with
electric generator in which the diesel engines, the fuel may be
magnetic field is produced by a injected in three different
permanent magnet; especially locations: in the prechamber, the
used to generate the electric swirl chamber, or the main
current providing a spark for the combustion chamber (for direct
ignition: Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt injection engines), depending on
ñieän nam chaâm vónh cöûu) the process used: Buoàng chaùy
z magneto file n. tool for filing chính
ignition points and other small main jet n. main jet in a carburettor
objects: Giuõa vít löûa (nhoû) through which most of the fuel
magneto ignition n. compact flows: Loã tia chính trong boä cheá
assembly of a magneto generator, hoøa khí
an ignition coil, and a distributor: main (line) pressure n. = LINE
Boä ñaùnh löûa baèng ma nheâ toâ PRESSURE
magnet sensor n. = HALL VANE main mixture discharge nozzle n. jet
SWITCH: Caûm bieán Hall through which the petrol and air is
mag wheels or (informal) mags n. = fed into the carburettor barrel
ALLOY WHEELS: Maâm baùnh where it becomes the air / fuel
xe loaïi hôïp kim mixture: Voøi phun chính trong boä
main bar or bow n. (soft top) the bar cheá hoøa khí ñeå phun hoãn hôïp
which carries the main load when nhieân lieäu

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main regulating system manual

main regulating system n. the male thread n. = EXTERNAL

carburettor components are THREAD: Ren ngoaøi
divided into the fuel intake control, man (short for) MANUAL
the main regulating system, the GEARBOX: Hoäp soá thöôøng
idle system includes the main jet, manganese phosphate coating n.
jet needle, needle jet and throttle phosphate coating with added
valve, whose purpose it is to manganese to increase resistance
provide an appropriate amount of to wear and fatigue: Lôùp phuû
fuel and air to the carburettor: Heä Photphat coù theâm Mangan ñeå
thoáng ñieàu tieát nhieân lieäu chính choáng moøn vaø taêng ñoä beàn moûi.
trong boä cheá hoøa khí manifold n. a casting connecting a
main shaft n. gearbox output shaft: series of inlets or outlets to a
Truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá common opening: OÁng goùp
main sun visor n. in dual visor system, z manifold absolute pressure
the main visor is moved sideways (MAP) sensor n. sensor which
and the secondary visor is flipped transmits data referring to the inlet
down, thus shielding the driver manifold vacuum to the engine
from the sun from both the front controller: Caûm bieán ño aùp suaát
and side: Taám che naéng tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng naïp
maintenance n. the work undertaken z manifold heater n. system used
by a car owner to keep his vehicle to improve the cold start behaviour
in good working order; typically of an engine, consisting of heating
checking the tyres, lights, oil and ducts incorporated into the inlet
coolant levels, windscreen wipers manifold that are connected to the
and seat belts : Söï baûo döôõng water coling system of the engine;
z mainternance-free a. requiring alternatively, an electric heater
no work in order to be kept may be used: Boä söôûi ñöôøng oáng
operational: Khoâng caàn baûo naïp
döôõng manoeuvre v. to drive or steer a
z maintenance-free battery = vehicle around obstacles or in a
battery with a permanently sealed confined space: Ñieàu khieån xe
top, thus requiring no topping-up: voøng chöôùng ngaïi vaät
Bình aéc quy khoâng caàn baûo manoeuvrability n. the ease with
döôõng which a vehicle can be
z maintenance manual n. book manoeuvred: Tính linh hoaït, tính
of instructions detailing routine deã laùi cuûa xe
maintenance: Soå tay baûo döôõng manual 1 a. done by hand: Ñöôïc laøm
major diameter n. diameter baèng tay
measured from the crest of a 2 n. (a) book of instructions:
thread to the corresponding crest Saùch, taøi lieäu höôùng daãn
on the opposite side of the bolt or (b) = MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp
screw: Ñöôøng kính ñænh ren soá ñieàu khieån baèng tay (hoäp soá

212
manual-crank window masking tape

thöôøng) MAP = MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE

(c) (informal) car with a manual PRESSURE: Caûm bieán ño aùp
gearbox: Xe söû duïng hoäp soá suaát tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng
thöôøng naïp
z manual-crank window n. = map-controlled or mapped ignition
MANUALLY OPERATED (system) n. microprocessor-
WINDOW: Cöûa kính xe quay controlled ignition system with
tay. electronic ignition timing by
z manual gearbox or US manual means of an ignition map stored in
transmission n. set of movable the control unit memory: Heä
gears permitting the speed ratio thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñöôïc ñieàu khieån
between input and output shafts to bôûi maùy tính vôùi goùc ñaùnh löûa toái
be changed manually and at will: öu ñöôïc nhôù
Hoäp soá thöôøng map light n. interior light to facilitate,
z manually operated window n. for example, map reading: Ñeøn
window operated by turning a trong xe ñeå xem baûn ñoà
level by hand: Cöûa kính xe quay mapping n. = CHARACTERISTIC
tay MAP: Ñaëc tuyeán ñaùnh löûa sôùm
z manual panel cutter n. cutting naïp vaøo EPROM döôùi daïng
tool drawn manually across a panel baûng.
surface to cut to the desired shape: marbling n. producing a special
Thieát bò caét khung baèng tay decorative effect with rotating
z manual transmission n. US = brushes: Ñaùnh boùng baèng baøn
MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp soá chaûi xoay
thöôøng marker light/ lamp n. = SIDE
z manual valve (MV) n. MARKER LIGHT/ LAMP: Ñeøn
(automatic transmission control) kích thöôùc beân hoâng
distributes line pressure to the Marles steering n. form of cam-and-
various control valves and pistons roller steering Marles: Heä thoáng
which operate the multi-plate or laùi Marles daïng cam – con laên
band brakes or the clutches; marque n. ‘name’ of a car (such as
operated by the driver via the ‘MG’), which is an important
selector lever: Van ñieàu khieån marketing tool, and inspires
baèng tay (ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï customer loyalty: Nhaõn hieäu xe,
ñoäng) maùc xe
z manual version n. passenger mask v. to cover the surrounding area
car with a manual gearbox: Theá when paint spraying to protect it
heä xe duøng hoäp soá thöôøng from splashes: Che kín vuøng gaàn
manufacturer’s performance ratings choã sôn.
n. performance data as specified z masking tape n. adhesive tape
by the car manufacturer: Thoâng used to cover surfaces that border
soá kyõ thuaät xe (töø nhaø saûn xuaát) an area to be painted, so as

213
mass airflow (MAF) meter mean indicated pressure

to protect them: Baêng keo daùn ñeå an automobile based on a clay

che vuøng gaàn choã sôn model or CAD-data; essential for
mass airflow (MAF) meter n. device the manufacture of prototypes: Moâ
for measuring the mass flow of air hình maãu oâ toâ baèng ñaát seùt hoaëc
into an engine: Caûm bieán ño khoái maùy tính.
löôïng khí naïp z master vac (servo unit) n. =
z mass damper n. device which VACUUM BRAKE BOOSTER:
reduces or prevents vibrations or Boä trôï löïc phanh duøng chaân
oscillations, usually a weight khoâng
which counteracts (balances) mastic seam sealant n. soft
undesirable motions; used on drive waterproof sealant for joints: Chaát
shafts of some FWD cars: Boä maùt – tít laøm kín moái noái
giaûm rung duøng khoái löôïng caân mat (t) a. (of a finish) dull, not
baèng. shiny: Môø
z mass-produced car n. car mate v. to fit together: Raø
which is manufactured in great z mating a. fitting together;
numbers to a standard pattern and matching: AÊn khôùp vôùi nhau
with extensive mechanization: OÂ z mating gears = gears which
toâ ñöôïc saûn xuaát haøng loaït mesh together: Baùnh raêng aên
z mass tone n. (colour matching) khôùp
the tone of a paint as it appears z mating surface = surface which
from the colour of the paint in the interacts perfectly with another:
can; this is required for Beà maët aên khôùp
formulating the ingredients of a z mating thread = thread which
paint tone: Toâng maøu neàn engages with a corresponding
z mass transit system n. system thread, such as the female and
designed to transport large male threads of a nut and bolt:
numbers of people (or goods): Heä Ren aên khôùp
thoáng ñöôïc thieát keá ñeå chuyeân maximum (brake) power n.
chôû nhieàu ngöôøi hoaëc haøng hoaù. maximum power of an engine as
master con rod n. in two-stroke dual measured by a dynamometer:
piston engines, the connecting rod Coâng suaát toái ña ño bôûi maùy ño
that is articulated directly on the coâng suaát.
crankshaft: Thanh truyeàn chính mean effective pressure (MEP) n.
(2 kyø) average pressure on a piston in a
z master cylinder n. large cylinder during a power stroke: Aùp
cylinder in a hydraulic system in suaát hieäu duïng trung bình
which the hydraulic fluid is z mean indicated pressure n.
compressed by a piston: Xy lanh mathematical value that indicates
caùi (phanh) the relation between the effective
z master model or master area of the work diagram of the
pattern n. first precision model of two-stroke engine and the

214
mechanic message centre

movement of the piston: AÙp suaát of energy (= 1000,000 joules):

chæ thò trung bình Ñôn vò ño naêng löôïng theo heä SI
mechanic n. person who works on member n. general term that refers
engines or machines: Thôï maùy mainly to the side rails and
z mechanic’s stethoscope = crossmembers but also to any
SONOSCOPE: OÁng nghe cuûa thôï structural hollow-section part on a
maùy car: Chi tieát treân khung.
mechanical advance n. = z member of the gear train n.
CENTRIFUGAL ADVANCE sun gear, internal gear, and planet
(MECHANISM): Cô caáu ñaùnh löûa carrier are the members of a
sôùm ly taâm cô khí planetary gear train: Chi tieát cuûa
z mechanical efficiency n. ratio boä baùnh raêng truyeàn ñoäng
of brake horsepower to indicated memory button n. button which
horsepower: Hieäu suaát cô (ñoäng operates the position of electric
cô) seats, mirrors, etc. and which
z mechanical (face) seal n. stores the requirements of a
shaft seal consisting of two highly particular driver in its memory:
polished mating surfaces, one Nuùt choïn vò trí trong heä thoáng
surface being connected to the ñieàu khieån gheá baèng maùy tính
shaft (rotating element) and the MEP = MEAN EFFECTIVE
other to the casing (stationary PRESSURE: Aùp suaát hieäu duïng
element): Mieáng ñeäm kín ñaàu trung bình
truïc mercury switch n. safety switch to
z mechanical galvanizing n. = prevent erroneous deployment of
MECHANICAL PLATING: Maï the air bag: Coâng taéc thuûy ngaân
(traùng phuû beà maët) cô khí (goái hôi)
z mechanical ignition timing n. mesh v. to engage: Laøm cho aên
centrifugal and vacuum advance: khôùp
Söï ñieàu chænh goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm (NOTE: opposite is disengage)
baèng cô khí z meshing drive n. device for
z mechanical plating n. engaging the starter pinion with
deposition of zinc on another the flywheel ring gear: Söï
material by a cold-peening truyeàn ñoäng aên khôùp
process, such as tumbling: Maï cô z meshing spring n. component
khí of a pre-engaged starter which
z mechanical surface treatment ensures that the shift lever will
n. producing a dull or rough move to its final position and that
surface or a decorative finish by the starter current will be switched
grinding, brushing, polishing or on incase of tooth abutment: Loø
abrasive blasting: Xöû lyù beà maët xo traû khôùp ñeà
baèng cô khí message centre n. usually a multi-
megajoule (MJ) n. SI measurement functional display of a diagnostic

215
metal catalyst methanol

system: Maøn hình chaån ñoaùn ña metal or alloy by using a

chöùc naêng compressed gas stream: Söï phun
metal catalyst n. catalyst whose kim loaïi
active phase is supported by a z metal support n. (in a
metal substrate, i.e. sheet steel: catalytic converter) thin
Chaát xuùc taùc coù neàn kim loaïi corrugated strips of steel alloy
z metal cutter n. bench tool for rolled up into a tight coil as a
cutting sheet metal: Baøn caét taám support for the catalyst: Giaù ñôõ boä
kim loaïi xuùc taùc
z metallic a. referring to or z metalworking n. forming and
consisting of metal: Thuoäc veà kim shaping metal: Coâng ngheä kim
loaïi loaïi
z metallic drive screw = meter 1 n. device for measuring the
THREAD-CUTTING SCREW: Ta quantity of a substance passing
roâ through it: Thieát bò ño löu löôïng
metallic finish or metallic paint n. 2 v. (a) to measure with a meter:
paint type incorporating small Ño
metallic flakes which reflect light: z metering port n. part of the
Lôùp sôn aùnh kim metering unit in the fuel
(NOTE: opposite is solid paint) distributor: Loã ñònh löôïng (phun
metallize v. to coat or impregnate a K)
metal or non-metal surface with metering unit n. unit which regulates
metal, as by metal spraying or by the quantity of fuel injected in the
vacuum evaporation: Phuû kim loaïi K-jetronic system: Boä phaän ñònh
metallographic examination n. test löôïng xaêng phun (K)
to determine the structural metering valve n. valve positioned
composition of a metal as shown at in the hydraulic line to the front
low and high magnification and by brakes, on some cars with front
X-ray diffraction methods: Söï disc and rear drum brakes: Van
kieåm tra caáu truùc teá vi cuûa kim phaân phoái (phanh)
loaïi. methacrylate n. polymer used in
metal mesh n. = WIRE MESH: Löôùi toughening rubber: Chaát nhöïa
kim loaïi ñoän laøm cöùng cao su.
z metal monolith n. = METAL methanol n. used in petrol/ alcohol
SUPPORT: Lôùp neàn kim loaïi blends, in a variety of
trong vi maïch concentrations blended with
z metal shears n. scissor-like unleaded petrol and solvents; a
hand tool for cutting sheet metal: typical methanol content is 3%;
Keùo caét kim loaïi use of petrol blends with methanol
(NOTE: also called snips) will void the new car warranty of
z metal spraying n. coating of most car manufacturers: Röôïu
surfaces with droplets of molten Metanol

216
methylated spirits mid-range

(NOTE: formerly called methyl metal, etc. (b) US =

alcohol) MICROMETRE: Panme, vi keá
methylated spirits n. almost pure z micrometer (type) torque
alcohol (which has wood alcohol wrench = CLICK-TYPE TORQUE
and colouring added to make it WRENCH: Caàn sieát löïc coù ñoàng
unfit for human consumption); hoà.
used for cleaning: Coàn pha maøu micrometre or micron n. unit of
(duøng ñeå laøm saïch) measurement of thickness (= one
metric thread n. one of two thousandth of a milimetre) :
commonly used screw threads: Microâmet
Ren heä meùt (NOTE: usually written “μm” with
metro driving n. US = URBAN figures: 25 μm)
DRIVING: Laùi xe ôû trung taâm ñoâ micro oil filter n. special oil filter
thò designed to trap particles down to
MF = MULTI-FOCAL: Nhieàu tieâu 1 micrometre in order to allow
ñieåm extended oil change intervals in
z MF headlight = conventional the order of 60,000 miles without
headlight with a multiple-focus affecting engine life: Boä loïc daàu
parabolic reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu xe tinh.
loaïi nhieàu tieâu ñieåm microprocessor spark timing system
MG (short for) Morris Garages; a (MSTS) n. = MAPPED
popular old British sports car IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
marque Morris Garages: Moät loaïi ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
xe theå thao coå noåi tieáng cuûa Anh baèng vi xöû lyù.
microbial corrosion n. corrosion mid-engine car n. car whose engine
associated with the action of is located behind the passenger
micro-organisms present in the compartment but within the
corrosion system: Söï aên moøn do vi wheelbase: Xe coù ñoäng cô ñaët ôû
sinh giöõa
microcar n. small car, popular in the mid-size car n. American car
1950s, that featured a body category which encompasses
offering full-weather protection practically all cars which would be
and mechanics often derived from considered large outside the USA;
motorcycle technology, e.g. some typical examples are: Audi
Goggomobil, BMW Isetta, etc: Xe 100/200, BMW 7-series, Buick
oâ toâ raát nhoû Regal, Dodge Dynasty, Ford
microgalvanic cell n. = LOCAL Taurus, Mazda 626, Mercedes S-
CELL: Pin cuïc boä class (at least prior to 1991),
micrometer n. (a) instrument for Mercury Cougar, Oldsmobile
taking very small measurements, Cutlass, Pontiac 6000, Volvo
such as measuring the width or 740/940: OÂtoâ côõ trung
thickness of very thin pieces of mid-range n. middle of the rev

217
midbed milligram

range, around 3000 rpm : Soá voøng vehicle travels on one gallon of
quay trung bình fuel: Soá daëm xe ñi treân moät
midbed n. in dual bed catalytic gallon nhieân lieäu
converters with air injection, the z mil (e) ometer n. device that
plenum between the three-way records the number of miles
catalyst and the conventional travelled: Ñoàng hoà ño soá daëm ñaõ
oxidation catalyst, into which ñi ñöôïc
secondary air is injected: Ngaên mill 1 v. (a) to grind, press or reduce
giöõa boä xuùc taùc ba ngaõ. to powder: Xay, nghieàn
midrange torque n. pulling power (b) to shape or cut metal: Caùn
of the engine in the middle of the 2.n. (a) = MILLING CUTTER:
rev range: Moâ men quay ôû soá Löôõi caét raêng, dao caét raêng,löôõi
voøng quay trung bình phay (chaïy troøn)
MIG (short for) metal/ inert gas: Kim (b) = MILLING MACHINE:
loaïi / khí trô Maùy phay (baøo)
z MIG welding = are welding z milled glass fibre n. chopped
method in which the electric strands of glass fibre which vary
current is provided by the filler in length from 3 mm to about 50
metal wire which is cooled and mm: Sôïi thuûy tinh.
shielded from the access of air by z milling cutter n. rotating,
a stream of chemically inert gas, toothed cutter in a milling
thus preventing oxidation of the machine, used to cut or shape
joint: Kyõ thuaät haøn MIG (duøng metal: Löôõi phay
que haøn vaø khí trô) z milling machine n. machine tool
migrate v. (of electrophoretic paint) with a table on which rests
to be attracted to car bodies when material which is cut by a rotating
they are immersed in a bath of cutting tool held by a horizontal
paint with an applied polarity arbor or vertical spindle: Maùy
across the bath and the bodies: phay (baøo)
Ñöôïc baùm sôn (ñieän) z millsaw file n. flat hand file
mild steel n. type of steel with a low with round or square edges for
carbon content (0.1-0.25%), widely sharpening saw blades or machine-
used in vehicle construction: cutting knives: Duõa maøi dao caét
Theùp ít carbon milliampere n. thousandth of an
mile n. Daëm Anh, moät daëm = 1.609m ampere: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä doøng
mileage n. (a) distance measured in ñieän (NOTE: with figures usually
miles, as by a mileometer: written mA)
Khoaûng caùch ño baèng daëm Anh z milliammeter n. ammeter with
(b) the total number of miles a a milliampere scale: Thieát bò ño
motor vehicle has travelled: Toång doøng coù ñôn vò mA
soá daëm cuûa xe ñaõ ñi milligram n.unit of measurement of
(c ) the number of miles a motor weight (= one thousandth of a

218
millilitre mist action

gram) : Ñôn vò ño troïng löôïng of experience gathered with

(NOTE: with figures usually magnesium components in nuclear
written mg) power plants; the Minilite: Maâm
millilitre or US milliliter n. unit of hôïp kim Minilite
measurement of liquid (= one mini spare wheel n. = TEMPA
thousandth of a litre): Ñôn vò ño SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe döï
theå tích phoøng
(NOTE: with figures usually mini tube cutter n. compact tube
written ml) cutter for cutting brass, copper,
millimetre or US millimeter n. unit plastic, or thin steel tubing in
of measurement of length (= one confined areas: Dao caét oáng nhoû
thousandth of a metre): Ñôn vò ño minivan n. minibus-sized van with no
chieàu daøi side windows, used to transport
(NOTE: with figures usually goods instead of people: Xe taûi
written mm) loaïi nhoû
mineral oil n. light lubricating oil minor diameter n. diameter
refined from crude oil: Daàu boâi measured from the thread root to
trôn nheï (töø daàu thoâ) the corresponding root on the
Mini n. very successful, small British opposite side of the bolt or screw:
front-wheel drive car designed in Ñöôøng kính chaân ren
1959 by Sir Alec Issigonics (1906- mint condition n. (in) perfect
88): Nhaõn hieäu xe Mini condition, as brand new: Tình
minibus n. small, single-decker bus traïng hoaøn haûo nhö môùi tinh
designed to carry around 12-20 mirror n. car mirrors can be either
people: Xe buyùt nhoû interior or exterior: Göông chieáu
minicar n. very small saloon car, haäu
carrying no more than four adults: misalignment n. general term
Xe oâ toâ nhoû referring to all types of frame
mini catalytic converter n. usually damage caused by accidents:
used as a primary catalytic Khung xe bò leäch do tai naïn
converter and installed close to the misfire 1 v. (of the air/ fuel mixture)
engine in the headpipe: Boä xuùc to fail to ignite properly (often
taùc nhoû resulting in a backfire) : Khoâng
miniframe n. = SUSPENSION noå (ñoäng cô)
SUBFRAME: Söôøn khung phuï 2 n. the act of misfiring: Söï
cuûa heä thoáng treo boû maùy
mini-grinder n. = ANGLE miss v. = MISFIRE : Khoâng noå
GRINDER: Maùy maøi goùc (ñoäng cô)
Minilite (alloy wheel) n. a true mist action n. US =
magnesium wheel, developed for INTERMITTENT WIPER
the Mini in 1962 by nuclear CONTROL: Boä ñieàu khieån caàn
engineer Derek Power on the basis gaït nöôùc ngaét quaõng

219
mixed-flow impeller modular air strut

mixed-flow impeller n. pump CHOKE: Böôùm gioù

impeller which combines radial z mixture control screw n.
and axial-flow principles, i.e. adjusting screw which controls the
liquid flows both along the drive amount of air/ fuel mixture
shaft and out through the impeller; supplied by the idling circuit of a
pump impellers are classed as fixed-jet carburettor: Vít ñieàu
mixed-flow when the specific chænh hoãn hôïp, vít xaêng
speed is 2,000 to 6,000 rpm: Caùnh z mixture control unit n. unit in
bôm xieân (keát hôïp duøng doïc vaø the K-jetronic fuel injection
ngang) system which combines the fuel
z mixed-flow pump = centrifugal distributor and the airflow sensor;
pump which develops its head it monitors the rate of airflow and
partly by centrifugal force and meters the fuel supplied to the
partly by the lift of the vanes on injectors: Boä ñieàu chænh hoãn hôïp
the liquid: Bôm ly taâm (phun K)
z mixing chamber n. (a) that z mixture volume n. the
part of a carburettor distinct from quantity of air/ fuel mixture:
the float chamber both in function Löôïng hoãn hôïp
and layout, in which the air and the mobile home n. US caravan : Xe rô
fuel mix as they meet: Buoàng hoøa mooc duøng laøm nhaø ôû, nhaø löu
troän (cheá hoøa khí) ñoäng
(b) (of a catalytic converter) = z mobile phone n. cellular
MIDBED: Ngaên giöõa boä xuùc taùc telephone: Ñieän thoaïi di ñoäng
ba ngaõ. treân xe
z mixing head n. head of an z mobile two-way radio n.
oxy-acetylence torch by which the receiver/ transmitter used for CB
mixture of oxygen and acetylene communication: Maùy thu phaùt di
can be adjusted: Ñaàu troän khí cuûa ñoäng.
moû haøn hôi mode n. way of operating : Cheá ñoä
z mixing rolls n. machine laøm vieäc
designed for the mixing and model designation n. shortened
mastication of the materials from description of a particular model:
which tyres are made: Truïc caùn Moâ taû ngaén veà maãu xe
hoøa troän (laøm voû xe) model year (MY) n. a new model
mixture n. (a) air/ fuel mixture in year starts after the summer break
an IC engine (b) (two-stroke of the car production plant, during
engine) mixture of oil and petrol which the assembly lines are
in the fuel tank of a two-stroke altered to accommodate the
engine; e.g. 1:50, i.e. one part of changes introduced in the cars of
oil is added to every 50 parts of the next model year: Naêm ra kieåu
fuel: Hoãn hôïp, hoøa khí xe môùi .
z mixture control knob n. = modular air strut n. = SELF-

220
modulator MOT

LEVELLING (SUSPENSION) SPANNER: Moû leát

STRUT: Thanh töï caân baèng monobloc casting or construction n.
(treo) type of engine construction where
modulator n. (Automatic gearbox) the cylinders are cast in a single
actuator used to transform inlet block which incorporates the
manifold vacuum into a crankcase: Caáu truùc ñoäng cô vôùi
mechanical motion, which in turn xy lanh ñuùc lieàn vôùi caùc te.
can be used to move the connected monocoque n. unitary design in
modulator valve: Boä ñieàu bieán which body and chassis are all one
z modulator pressure = pressure unit: Thieát keá khung vaø voû
controlled by the actuator valve nguyeân khoái
and thus directly related to inlet (NOTE: also called unitary
manifold vacuum: Aùp suaát ñieàu construction)
bieán Mono-Jetronic n. single point
z modulator valve = valve injection system developed by
operated by the modulator to Bosch: Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñôn
create modulator pressure by ñieåm
means of inlet manifold vacuum: monolith n. single block of material;
Van ñieàu bieán used to describe the (ceramic)
module n. electronic control base for the catalyst in one type of
assembly: Boä ñieàu khieån ñieän töû catalytic converter : Lôùp neàn cho
molecular weight n. the mass of a boä hoaù khöû
molecule that may be calculated as z monolithic converter =
the sun of the atomic weights of its catalytic converter with a catalyst-
constituent atom: Troïng löôïng coated, ceramic honeycomb
phaân töû monolith through which the
mole grips or mole wrench n. exhaust gases pass: Boä hoaù khöû
locking pliers: Kìm khoaù daïng toå ong
molybdenum n. metallic element monomer n. a relatively simple
used in alloys, especially to harden compound which can react with
and strengthen steels in high itself to form a polymer or with
temperature applications, like other monomers to form a
exhaust valves: Molypñen (hoùa copolymer: Hôïp chaát ñôn phaân töû
hoïc) monotube damper or shock absorber
z molybdenum piston ring or n. = SINGLE-TUBE SHOCK
(informal) moly ring = piston ring ABSORBER: Phuoäc nhuùn moät
with a molybdenum coating: Baïc oáng
pittoâng coù lôùp Molypñen phuû moped n. two-wheeled cycle with a
ngoaøi low powered motor (under 50 cc):
MON = MOTOR OCTANE Xe gaén maùy coù coâng suaát thaáp
NUMBER: Chæ soá oác-tan ñoäng cô MOT (short for) Ministry of
monkey wrench n. = ADJUSTABLE Transport: Boä giao thoâng vaän taûi

221
MOT certificate moulding material

z motor mechanic n. car

z MOT certificate = certificate mechanic: Thôï maùy
awarded when a vehicle passes an z motor octane number (MON)
MOT test: Giaáy chöùng nhaän ñaõ n. fuel octane rating determined
kieåm tra xe by the motor octane test, one of
z MOT test = annual many test procedures: Chæ soá oác-
roadworthiness test for all vehicles tan ñoäng cô
over two years old, undertaken by z motor oil n. engine oil or gear
a garage approved by the oil: Daàu nhôùt ñoäng cô
(currently named) Department of z motor scooter n. lightweight
Transport: Kieåm tra xe haøng naêm motorcycle with small wheels, an
cho nhöõng xe quaù 2 naêm. enclosed engine, open foot
motor n. (a) electric motor: Ñoäng platform and leg shields: Xe tay
cô ñieän ga
(b) engine: Ñoäng cô z motor vehicle n. any
(c) motor car: Xe oâ toâ automotive vehicle that does not
z motorbike n. (informal) = run on rails; usually with rubber
MOTORCYCLE: Xe gaén maùy tyres; such as cars, trucks, lorries
z motor car n. a (usually) four- and motorcycles: Xe coä (coù baùnh)
wheeled road vehicle powered by z motorway n. a multi-lane,
an IC engine and designed for main road for fast-moving traffic
passengers: Xe oâ toâ (speed limit 70 mph in the UK)
z motor caravan or US motor with a central reservation, and few
home n. a self-powered exit and entry points: Ñöôøng lôùn
(motorized) caravan: Nhaø löu daønh cho oâtoâ chaïy nhanh; ñöôøng
ñoäng cao toác, xa loä
z motorcycle n. single-track MOT test see MOT
vehicle usually driven by a two- mould or US mold 1 n. hollow form
stroke or four-stroke engine; often used to give a certain shape to
air-cooled, less frequently liquid- fluid or plastic material: Khuoân
cooled and usually between 125 cc 2 v. to shape in a mould: Laøm
and1000 cc: Xe moâtoâ khuoân
z motor home n. US = MOTOR z mouldability n. capacity for
CARAVAN: Nhaø löu ñoäng being mould into a particular form:
z motor insurance n. insurance Khaû naêng ñuùc ñöôïc
against damage to or damage moulded part or moulding n.
caused by a vehicle: Phí baûo plastic part produced by injection
hieåm oâ toâ 2 chieàu. moulding etc: Chi tieát laøm baèng
z motorist n. car driver: Ngöôøi nhöïa ñuùc
laùi xe oâtoâ moulding material n. moulding
z motorized a. with a motor: materials are products which can
Gaén ñoäng cô be moulded permanently by a

222
mould shrinkage multi-disc

shaping process employing electric circuit in the excitation and

mechanical forces within a given armature windings: Tieáp ñieåm di
temperature range into moulded ñoäng (laù ñoàng trong rôle caøi
parts or semi-finished articles; in khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng)
some cases moulding materials are mpg (short for) miles per gallon;
used in a preformed state (e.g. measure of fuel consumption: Ñôn
pelleted or granulated) without vò ño löôïng nhieân lieäu tieâu thuï
their plastic mouldability being (soá daëm chaïy ñöôïc treân moät
appreciably impaired by such gallon)
preforming: Vaät lieäu ñuùc z mph (short for) miles per hour;
z mould shrinkage n. (of measure of vehicle speed: Ñôn vò
thermoplastics) the difference in ño toác ñoä xe tính theo daëm.
dimension between the cold mould MPI = MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
and the cooled moulded part, Phun ña ñieåm
expressed in % relative to the MSTS = MICROPROCESSOR
dimension of the cold mould: Tyû SPARK TIMING SYSTEM: Heä
leä co cuûa chi tieát ñuùc thoáng duøng maïch vi xöû lyù ñieàu
Moulton Hydragas suspension n. khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
hydro pneumatic suspension mud and snow tyre (M + S tyre) n.
developed by Leyland: Heä thoáng
winter tyre with a deep tread:
treo Moulton Hydragas Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø baêng
z Moulton Hydrolastic
tuyeát
suspension = Hydrolastic z mudflap n. flexible rubber or
suspension developed by Leyland: vinyl rear extension to the wheel
Heä thoáng treo Moulton arch to protect the bodywork from
Hydrolastic dirt and stones: Taám chaén buøn
mount v. to attach something to a vaø ñaát ñaù
support: Laép ñaët, gaén (NOTE: US English is splash
z mounting n. support to which guard)
or by means of which something is z mudguard n. curved part over
attached: Giaù, khung the wheels of a motorcycle to
z mounting frame = floating- minimize splashing: Veø xe gaén
frame disc brake in which the maùy
floating frame is held by a casting muffler n. US = SILENCER: OÁng
which is bolted to the steering
giaûm thanh (poâ)
knuckle or other suspension part:
Multec (system) n. combined fuel
Phanh ñóa vôùi khung treo injection and ignition system
move off v. to start from rest; to
Multec: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tích
begin to drive away: Ñi tieáp
hôïp caû xaêng vaø löûa Multec
moving contact n. component of a z multi-cut file n. = MULTI-
solenoid switch; in a starter motor
PURPOSE FILE: Giuõa vaïn naêng
it is designed for switching on the
z multi-disc a. = MULTI-

223
multi-entry multi-point injection

PLATE : Nhieàu ñóa suspension layouts incorporating

z multi-entry n. (pump) = several control arms: Heä thoáng
MULTI-SUCTION PUMP: Bôm treo sau nhieàu khaâu
nhieàu loã huùt multi-piece rim n. rim type
z multi-focal (MF) a. multiple- incorporating at least one
focus: Nhieàu tieâu ñieåm demountable bead seat and/ or rim
zmulti-focal headlight = flange to allow tyre mounting:
conventional headlight with a Loaïi nieàng xe thaùo rôøi (nhieàu
multiple focus parabolic reflector: mieáng)
Ñeøn ñaàu nhieàu tieâu ñieåm (phaûn (NOTE: oppiste is one-piece rim)
chieáu) multi-plate or multiple-plate clutch
multi-function control stalk n. a or US multiple-disc clutch n.
rodshaped control mounted on the clutch with more than one driven
steering column near the steering plate, usually of the oil-immersed
wheel: Coâng taéc daïng oáng döôùi type; frequently used in
voâ laêng motorcycle drive trains, in
multigrade oil n. if an engine oil automatic transmissions of cars, in
meets the viscosity requirements power distribution systems of 4wd
of several different single-grade vehicles, and as locking elements
engine oil types it is referred to as in limited-slip differentials: Boä ly
multigrade: Daàu nhôùt ña caáp hôïp nhieàu ñóa ma saùt
z multigrip pliers n. pliers with z multiple-disc limited-slip
an adjustable head allowing differential = limited-slip
different jaw widths: Moû leát differential incorporating multiple
z multi-hole nozzle n. two-, three- discs as locking or slip-inhibiting
or four-holed injector nozzle in a devices: Boä vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït
direct injection engine: Voøi phun nhieàu ñóa
nhieàu loã tia z multiple-point injection n. =
z multi-inlet pump n. = MULTI- MULTI-POINT INJECTION: Heä
SUCTION PUMP: Bôm nhieàu loã thoáng phun ña ñieåm
huùt z multiple-spark (ignition) coil
z multi-leaf spring n. leaf spring n. = MULTI-SPARK (IGNITION)
made of several narrow, flat strips COIL: Boâbin duøng cho nhieàu xy
(leaves): Nhíp nhieàu laù lanh (ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp)
z multi-link independent rear z multiplex technology n. in
suspension n. special multi-link cars, connecting lamps, wipers,
rear suspension design, developed horn, etc. to a single power cable
by Mercedes-Benz for the W 201 via electronically controlled
series: Heä thoáng treo sau ñoäc laäp modules, making it easier to
nhieàu khaâu. diagnose faults and to service:
z multi-link rear suspension = Coâng ngheä ña daãn.
general term for independent rear z multi-point injection (MPI) n.

224
multi-purpose file MY

petrol fuel-injection system in mushroom-shaped dolly n. dolly

which only air enters the inlet with a shank to allow it to be hand-
manifold; as the air approaches the held or clamped in a vice; a more
inlet valve, an injection valve or less rounded head may be fitted
opens in the valve port, spraying to one or both ends of the shank:
fuel into the airstream: Heä thoáng Ñe hình naám.
phun ña ñieåm z mushroom tappet n. tappet
z multi-purpose file n. file shaped like a mushroom located on
(usually flat) with faces featuring the underside of a pushrod
different cuts, e.g. coarse cut on operating the valves of a four-
one side and smooth cut on the stroke engine: Con ñoäi suù paùp
other: Giuõa vaïn naêng hình naám
z multi-spark (ignition) coil n. z mushroom valve n. =
type of ignition coil used in static POPPET VALVE: Suù paùp
high-voltage distribution, designed mutual inductance n. takes place
as a double-spark or four-spark when a current in one winding
coil: Bobin cho 2 hoaëc 4 xy lanh induces an EMF in another
(ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp) winding in the same magnetic
multi-stage pump n. pump with two circuit: Caûm öùng töông hoã.
or more stages (impeller/ diffusers MV = MANUAL VALVE: Van ñieàu
or other pumping elements) khieån baèng tay
operating in series: Bôm nhieàu MY = MODEL YEAR: Naêm ra kieåu
taàng xe môùi.
multi-storey car park n. car park
with many levels: Choã ñaäu oâto
nhieàu taàng
multi-suction pump n. centrifugal
pump with several impellers
connected in parallel; i.e. the flow
is separated into two or more
partial flows: Bôm nhieàu loã huùt

225
N needle

Nn

N (gear selector) = NEUTRAL: Soá cuûa vaät lieäu khi ñeå ngoaøi trôøi.
N trong daõy soá cuûa hoäp soá töï nave n. wheel hub: Truïc baùnh xe
ñoäng z nave plate = hub cap: Naép
nail punch n. = DRIFT PUNCH: Kìm troøn ñaäy truïc baùnh xe
nhoå ñinh NCM = NOx-CONTROL MODULE:
natural frequency n. frequency at Boä kieåm soaùt khí NOx
which an object, circuit or system NCS = NOISE CANCELLATION
oscillates or vibrates when set in SYSTEM: Heä thoáng khöû tieáng
free vibration: Taàn soá dao ñoäng oàn
töï do NDIR analyser n. non-dispersive
z natural gas n. alternative, infrared analyser, used for
environmentally friendly fuel analysing concentrations of carbon
(mainly methane) which can be monoxide and carbon dioxide in
stored under pressure in the boot an exhaust gas sample: Maùy phaân
as compressed natural gas (CNG): tích haøm löôïng CO vaø CO2 trong
Khí ñoát thieân nhieân khí thaûi baèng tia hoàng ngoaïi.
z naturally aspirated engine n. NDT method n. non-destructive
conventional engine that takes in testing method, such as ultrasonic
air at normal pressure, i. e. not testing, X-ray testing, dye-
turbocharged or supercharged: penetrant testing: Phöông phaùp
Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng aùp nghieân cöùu khoâng phaù huûy nhö
(NOTE: opposite is forced- duøng sieâu aâm, X-quang…
induction engine) nearside (n/s) n. the side of a
z natural oxide film or skin n. vehicle nearest the kerb (when
transparent film which forms driving): Phía xe gaàn saùt vôùi leà
naturally on an aluminium surface ñöôøng.
due to oxidation: Lôùp maøng oxit necking n. when ductile test
nhoâm specimens are subjected to a
z natural rubber (NR) n. rubber tensile test, they exhibit necking
which occurs naturally as a when the tensile force exceeds the
product of the metabolism of yield strength of the material;
certain trees and plants, notably necking results in a reduction of
trees of the Hevea brasiliensis area, measured in percent after
species: Cao su töï nhieân break of the specimen: Phaàn thaét
z natural weathering n. laïi cuûa vaät maãu khi thöû söùc caêng
corrosion test by means of which needle n. (a) indicator or pointer on
the corrosion resistance of a an instrument or gauge: Kim chæ
material is tested in the open air: baùo, kim ñoàng hoà
Kieåm tra khaû naêngï aên moøn (b) tapered, needle-shaped pin in

226
needle bearing Nernst equation

a carburettor jet: Kim ga electrode to the positive earth

z needle bearing n. roller electrode of the sparking plug,
bearing with long thin rollers: OÅ bi allowing a reduction in the high
kim, oå bi ñuõa daøi voltage require: Tia löûa ñieän
z needle-nose pliers n. = phoùng töø ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
LONG-NOSE PLIERS: Kìm moû bougie vôùi ñieän theá aâm sang
nhoïn ñieän cöïc bìa vôùi ñieän theá döông.
z needle valve n. (i) valve with a z negative suction head n. =
needle-shaped pin that can be SUCTION LIFT: Chieàu cao coät
moved to control the flow of a huùt aâm
fluid: Van kim trong heä thoáng z negative terminal n. black
thuyû löïc. battery terminal with a minus
(ii) in a carburettor, valve which symbol indicating negative
controls the amount of petrol polarity: Coïc aâm
flowing from the pump to the float z negative transducer EGR
chamber: Van kim trong boä cheá valve n. valve used on engines
hoøa khí. with a relatively low back
EGR valve n. = NEGATIVE pressure to provide the desired
TRANSDUCER VALVE: Van opening point and exhaust gas
tuaàn hoaøn khí thaûi recycling rate: Van tuaàn hoaøn
z negative camber see khí thaûi
CAMBER: Ñoä nghieâng vaøo trong z negative wheel offset or
cuûa baùnh xe (goùc nghieâng aâm) negative wheel dish(ing) n. =
z negative castor n. (steering NEGATIVE OFFSET
geometry) when an imaginary line nerf bar n. US type of front bumper
extended through the steering axis guard, typically made of chrome-
meets the ground behind the plated steel tubing; extends
extended vertical axis through the horizontally from below front end
wheel centre: Ñoä nghieâng cuûa and is curved upward; a pair of
truïc baùnh xe höôùng veà tröôùc nerf bars is usually braced by a
(goùc nghieâng aâm) horizontal crossbar (NOTE: in
z negative electrode n. = Australia called roo bar): Thanh
NEGATIVE PLATE: Baûn cöïc ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc) laøm
aâm (aéc quy) baèng theùp maï crome hoaëc inox
z negative plate n. during Nernst equation n. relationship
battery discharge, the grey plate showing that the electromotive
which acts as anode: Baûn cöïc aâm force developed by a dry cell is
(bình aéc-quy) determined by the activities of the
(NOTE: opposite is positive reacting species, the temperature
plate) of the reaction, and the standard
z negative spark n. a spark that free-energy change of the overall
jumps from the negative centre reaction: Coâng thöùc tính söùc

227
neutral nominal diameter

ñieän ñoäng aéc quy Nernst nhöng maïnh (xe)

neutral 1 a. (a) not having any nitriding n. (of a steel surface)
marked characteristics: Khoâng coù hardening by heating for several
ñaëc ñieåm roõ reät. hours in ammonia gas; used on
z neutral handling = having crankshafts: Toâi beà maët truïc
neither oversteer nor understeer: khuyûu baèng caùch nung trong
Beû laùi khoâng dö cuõng khoâng amoniac
thieáu nitrocellulose paint n. paint giving a
(b) having a pH of 7, i. e. neither deep, lustrous finish: Lôùp sôn nitô
alkaline nor acid: Trung tính xenluloza
(hoaù) nitrogen oxides (NOx) n. general
2 n. position of the gearbox in term for an unknown mixture of
which no gear is engaged; nitrogen oxides, usually nitric
indicated by the letter N on oxide and nitrogen dioxide: Khí
automatic gear selectors: Tay soá nitô oxit
N (soá mo) noble metal n. precious metal (such as
new-old-stock (NOS) part n. new gold, silver, mercury, platinum)
genuine spares for older models, which conducts electricity very
referring mostly to spare parts that well, resists corrosion and is inert;
are normally no longer produced: some are used as catalysts in
Phuï tuøng môùi cho caùc xe ñôøi cuõ catalytic converters: Kim loaïi quyù
khoâng coøn saûn xuaát. no-claims bonus n. reduction in
NiCaSil n. nickel-silicon plating used insurance premiums because no
e. g. on the cylinder walls of claims have been made: Tieàn
certain light-weight high- thöôûng (giaûm tieàn baûo hieåm)
performance engines; reduces nhôø laùi xe an toaøn
weight and friction and improves noise cancellation or reduction
heat transfer: Lôùp maï nickel- n. the reduction of noise by means
silicon treân thaønh xy lanh of anti-noise loudspeakers: Khöû
z nickel plating n. thin coating of tieáng oàn
nickel deposited on a surface by z noise cancellation system
electrolysis: Lôùp maï keàn (NCS) = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM:
nipple n. (a) (lubrication) small, one- Heä thoáng khöû tieáng oàn
way valve used for injecting nominal capacity n. = RATED
grease into a bearing: Nuùm tra CAPACITY: Dung löôïng ñònh
môõ, nuùm voâ môõ möùc
(b) (bleeding) short, steel tube z nominal diameter n.
holding a thin rubber or plastic characteristic value used for
tube used for bleeding hydraulic pipeline systems to identify parts
fluid: OÁc xaû gioù which belong together such as
nippy a. (of a motor vehicle) small pipes, pipe joints, fittings, etc; a
and relatively powerful: Nhoû nominal size for the inside

228
nominal engine speed nose-up

diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñònh möùc other; one shoe is self-energizing,

z nominal engine speed n. = the other is not: Phanh khoâng trôï
RATED SPEED: Toác ñoä ñoäng cô löïc
ñònh möùc Nordberg key n. round key: Chìa
z nominal length n. (i) length of khoùa troøn
the shank of screws/bolts with flat Nordic Anti-Corrosion Code n. (for
bearing faces; (ii) length of shank passenger cars) code developed
plus height of head of countersunk by the Scandinavian automobile
bolts/screws; (iii) overall length of and consumer associations which
a stud minus the length of the stud stipulates that, as of January 1983,
end: Chieàu daøi, ñoä daøi ñònh möùc all cars must be free of surface
cuûa bu loâng. corrosion for three years and free
z nominal pressure n. = of perforation and weakening
RATED PRESSURE: AÙp suaát damage for six years: Luaät baûo
ñònh möùc veä ngöôøi tieâu duøng ôû moät soá
z nominal (thread) diameter n. nöôùc Baéc AÂu quy ñònh xe du lòch
= MAJOR DIAMETER: Ñöôøng khoâng ñöôïc ræ beà maët trong 3
kính (ren) ñònh möùc naêm, khoâng bò thuûng trong 6
z nominal voltage n. = RATED naêm.
VOLTAGE: Ñieän aùp ñònh möùc normal zinc technology see LOW
non-destructive testing (NDT) see ZINC TECHNOLOGY
NDT METHOD: Phöông phaùp z normally aspirated engine n.
kieåm tra khoâng phaù huûy = NATURALLY ASPIRATED
z non-dispersive infrared ENGINE: Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng
analyser see NDIR ANALYSER: aùp
Maùy phaân tích khí thaûi duøng tia north-south layout n. engine
hoàng ngoaïi layout with the cylinders lying
z non-ferrous metal n. metal that lengthways from the front (north)
is not based on iron; includes to the back (south): Ñoäng cô
aluminium, copper, magnesium, ñaëttheo chieàu doïc
etc.: Kim loaïi maøu (NOTE: also called longitudinal
non-self-priming pump n. a engine)
centrifugal pump which is unable NOS = NEW-OLD-STOCK (PART):
to evacuate and prime the suction Phuï tuøng môùi cho xe ñôøi cuõ
line without external assistance: nose n. the front end of a vehicle: Maët
Bôm ly taâm khoâng töï moài tröôùc cuûa xe hôi
(NOTE: opposite is self-priming z nose-to-tail n. driving mode in
pump) rush-hour traffic; bumper-to-
non-servo brake n. drum brake bumper: Xe chaïy noái ñuoâi nhau
design; each brake shoe is z nose-up a. description of the
anchored, therefore no one shoe towing vehicle if the vehicle being
can assist in the application of the towed is too heavy: Tình traïng

229
nose dive nylon

cuûa xe keùo neáu xe ñöôïc keùo quaù with catalytic converters that
naëng prevents filling from leaded petrol
z nose dive n. = BRAKE DIVE: pumps, which have larger pump
Phanh bò ñaâm nozzles: Loã ñoå xaêng duøng cho
z nosepiece n. insert for pop-rivet xaêng khoâng chì (nhoû hôn)
pliers that is used to allow various NR = NATURAL RUBBER: Cao su
pop-rivet diameters to be used: thieân nhieân
Ñaàu naïp ñi veâ n/s = NEARSIDE: Phía leà
nose protector n.cover, usually of nudge bar n. = NERF BAR: Thanh
black soft plastic sheeting with caûn tröôùc
flannel-like backing, that fits numberplate n. plate on the front and
around the front end of a car: Vaät back of a vehicle, showing its
baûo veä muõi xe baèng chaát deûo registration number: Baûng ñaêng
(NOTE: also called nose bra) kyù (baûng soá xe oâ toâ)
nose weight n. vertical weight on the (NOTE: US English is license
centre of the towing ball exerted plate)
by the vehicle being towed (on z numberplate lamp = lamp
level ground): Troïng löôïng ñöùng providing white illumination of
ôû taâm moùc keùo khi keùo xe the rear numberplate: Ñeøn baûng
no-spin differential n. = LIMITED- soá
SLIP DIFFERENTIAL: Boä nut n. small, metal block with a
truyeàn ñoäng vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït threaded central hole so that it can
notchy a. (changing of gears) not be screwed on to a bolt, screw,
smooth, causing a slight crashing etc.: Ñai oác
of gears; often caused by the z nut cracker or splitter = tool
clutch failing to disengage fully: used to crack open stubborn nuts
Tieáng keâu khi voâ soá do ly hôïp without damaging the bolt or stud
khoâng nhaû heát thread: Duïng cuï ñuïc ñai oác (khi
NOX (symbolfor) NITROGEN môû khoù)
OXIDES: Khí NOx z nut driver or spinner =
z NOx-Control module NCM = SOCKET DRIVER: Caàn sieát nuï
digital ignition control module for z nut starter = tool used to hold
retrofitting to cars with Motronic nuts for easy placement in tight
engine control; modifies ignition locations: Duïng cuï giöõ ñai oác khi
timing characteristics for lower sieát nhöõng choã heïp
NOx emissions: Boä phaän kieåm z nut thread = internal thread of
soaùt khí NOx a nut: Ñöôøng ren beân trong cuûa
nozzle n. jet, hole, or special fitting at ñai oác
the end of a pipe for controlling nylon nut n. self-locking nut with
what comes out: Voøi phun nylon insert: Ñai oác töï haõm coù
z nozzle restrictor n. restrictor loàng ni loâng
in the fuel filler neck of cars fitted z nylon n. tough, versatile,

230
nylon nylon hammer

synthetic material; can be used in z nylon hammer = soft face

sheet, fibre, or solid form: Ni loâng hammer with a nylon face: Buùa ni
loâng (nhöïa)

231
obstruction spanner offset crankshaft

Oo
obstruction spanner n. bent ring in contact with another, ready to
spanner for reaching around fit the pieces together: Laép chi
manifold and other obstacles to tieát naøy vaøo chi tieát khaùc
work on parts with difficult access, off-line a. independent of the main
such as starter or alternators: Caàn production process line;
sieát duøng cho nhöõng vuøng ñoäng characterized by a separate
cô khoù luoàn tay operation: Hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi
OC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT: daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát
Truïc cam treân naép maùy z off-line painting = painting of
ocean liner blast horn n. horn which parts, mostly plastic parts, outside
imitates the deep bellow of an the actual painting line: Sôn caùc
ocean liner horn: Coøi xe baét chi tieát baèng nhöïa ngoaøi daây
chöôùc tieáng coøi hôi cuûa taøu bieån chuyeàn sôn.
octagonal (head) bolt n. bolt with off-road vehicle n. 4wd vehicle with
an eight-sided head: Bu-loâng ñaàu locking differential for use on
baùt giaùc rough terrain: Xe ñòa hình, xe
z octagon nut n. nut with vieät daõ
eight-sided: Ñai oác baùt giaùc offset 1 a. set at an angle or to one
octane number (ON) or octane side: Ñaët moät goùc, moät phía
rating n. the measure of a 2 n. (a) (steering geometry) =
fuel’s anti-knock rating; the SCRUB RADIUS: Baùn kính laùi
average of Research Octane (b) (wheel) the distance
Number (RON) and Motor Octane between the centre line of the rim
Number (MON): Chæ soá oâctan and the attachment face of the
OD = OVERDRIVE: Soá cao nhaát wheel disc at the wheel hub; this
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng, soá OD dimension can either be positive,
OUTER DIAMETER: Ñöôøng kính negative, or zero.: Khoaûng caùch
ngoaøi. giöõa ñöôøng taâm vaønh baùnh xe
odometer n. incorporated in the vôùi maët gaù laép ñóa baùnh xe ôû
speedometer, the odometer truïc baùnh xe (khoaûng caùch naøy
indicates total mileage of the coù theå döông, aâm hoaëc baèng
vehicle, in miles or kilometres, khoâng)
either mechanically or offset angle n. angle of the offset
electronically: Ñoàng hoà ño crankpins in V-engines: Goùc leäch
quaõng ñöôøng ñaõ ñi cuûa xe. khuyûu (trong ñoäng cô chöõ V).
OE (M) = ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT offset crankshaft n. crankshaft
(MANUFACTURER): Thieát bò layout whereby the axes of the
chính haõng (nhaø saûn xuaát) crankshaft and the piston pin do
offer up v. to bring a part close to or not intersect: Kieåu truïc khuyûu

232
offset handle oil can

maø treân hình chieáu taâm cuûa truïc hammer out dents in the
khuyûu khoâng caét aéc piston. bodywork: Goø khoâng duøng ñe
offset handle n. drive handle for use OHC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT:
with sockets, with one end set at Truïc cam treân naép maùy
90o to the handle: Tay quay duøng ohmmeter n. instrument designed
cho tuyùp coù ñaàu leäch 90o. for measuring electric resistance:
z offset power steering n. = OÂm keá
LINKAGE POWER STEERING: OHV-engine n. = OVERHEAD
Laùi coù trôï löïc lieân keát baèng VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù
thanh laùi suùpap treân naép maùy
z offset screwdriver n. oil n. the oil used to lubricate an
screwdriver with either straight or engine (engine oil) is refined
cross-head tips or a combination from crude oil and apart from
of both, and the two ends set at reducing friction and wear, cools
right angles to the shank: Tuoác nô high-temperature parts like
vít coù tay quay ngang bearings and piston rings (as well
z offset twin n. typical as sealing the latter against blow-
motorcycle engine with the two by) and helps to keep engines
crankpins offset by 180°: Loaïi clean and free from corrosion
ñoäng cô xe gaén maùy coù ñoä leäch caused by combustion gases: Daàu
giöõa hai choát khuyûu baèng 180° (nhôùt) boâi trôn ñoäng cô, nhôùt
z offset wrench n. L-shaped oil additive n. any one of a variety
tool for turning recessed screws: of chemicals added to engine oils
Thanh môû bu-loâng chìm hình L to improve their performance:
off shape or off colour n. colour Caùc chaát phuï gia cuûa daàu (nhôùt)
mismatch due to wrong paint ñoäng cô
mixing or application: Sai maøu oil and water extractor n.
(sôn) (compressor) = AIR
offside o/s n. side of the vehicle TRANSFORMER: Boä phaän taùch
farthest away from the kerb (when daàu(nhôùt) vaø nöôùc trong maùy
driving): Beân xe xa leà ñöôøng (coù neùn
theå traùi hoaëc phaûi tuyø theo tay oil breather pipe n. crankcase
laùi thuaän hay nghòch) breather pipe used prior to engine
off-the-car balancing n. balancing emission control systems to
the wheel after it has been remove fumes and pressure from
removed from the car: Caân baèng the engine crankcase (NOTE: US
ñoäng baùnh xe ngoaøi xe English is roaddraft tube): OÁng
(NOTE: opposite is on-the-car thoâng hôi caùc te
balancing) oil can n. (a) container with a long,
off-the-dolly panel beating n. thin nozzle for lubricating
metalworking technique used to machinery (b) shallow dent in a

233
oil change oil filter cartridge

panel that causes the panel to the filter element is removed;

warp: Bình daàu (nhôùt) vôùi voøi prevent oil spill: Van daãn daàu
nhoû vaø daøi (nhôùt) vaøo caùc te khi thaùo loïc
oil change n. draining and replacing z oil duct or oil passage or oil
the engine oil in regular intervals way n. pipe or passage through
(ideally every six months): Chu which oil flows under pressure:
kyø thay daàu (nhôùt), thôøi haïn OÁng daãn daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc ñöôøng
thay daàu (nhôùt) oáng daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc raõnh daàu
oil circulation n. passing of oil (nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu (nhôùt)
round the engine: Söï löu thoâng z oiler n. (a) = CAM
daàu (nhôùt) trong ñoäng cô LUBRICATOR: Boä phaän boâi
oil consumption n. amount of oil an trôn cam (vít löûa)
engine uses: Ñoäï tieâu hao nhôùt (b) = OIL CAN: Bình daàu (nhôùt),
trong ñoäng cô bình chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
z oil control orifice valve n. z oil filler cap n. cap covering
valve located in the feed line the oil filler hole: Naép ñaäy loã
between cylinder head: Van tieát chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
löu daàu (nhôùt). z oil filler hole = hole through
z oil control ring = OIL which oil is poured into the engine
SCRAPER RING: Voøng gaêng (usually situated on top of the
gaït daàu (nhôùt) (xeùc-maêng daàu rocker cover): Loã chaâm nhôùt
(nhôùt)) z oil filter n. device for trapping
oil cooler n. small, air- or coolant- dirt in lubricating or hydraulic oil;
cooler, radiator-like device usually either a full- flow filter or
designed too decrease the a bypass filter with the filter
temperature of the oil in the elementmade of pleated paper,
engine to approx 185oF: Bình gauze, ceramic or fine wire mesh:
giaûi nhieät daàu (nhôùt) (baèng nöôùc Boä loïc daàu (nhôùt)
hoaëc gioù) z oil filter bypass valve = valve
z oil cooler bypass valve = oil- in or near the oil filter which
temperature controlled valve routes the oil unfiltered directly to
which closes the oil circuit thought the lubricating points; it comes
the oil is still cold; similar function into operation when the oil filter is
as the thermostat in the engine clogged so that pressure across the
cooling system: Van haèng nhieät filter is higher than the pressure
trong bình (keùt) giaûi nhieät daàu needed to overcome the oil filter
(nhôùt) bypass valve spring: Van an toaøn
oil drain plug n. SUMP DRAIN trong loïc daàu (nhôùt)
PLUG: OÁc xaû daàu (nhôùt) cac-te z oil filter cartridge = (i) the
z oil drain valve = valve in an type of oil filter usually used on
upright oil filter housing which automotive engines which comes
lets oil drain into the sump when complete with filter and housing,

234
 oil filter housing oil pressure warning light

and where both components are daàu (nhôùt), möùc daàu (nhôùt)
replaced together (ii) a paper or z oil level gauge = dial on the
textile insert for the oil filter instrument panel that indicates the
housing (quite commonly used on oil level; operates when the
motorcycle engines where e.g. the ignition is switched on and stops
main filter is a disposable shortly after the engine starts to
cartridge, while a filter screen is run: Ñoàng hoà baùo möïc daàu
located on the bottom of the oil z oil level sensor = sensor
pump): Löôùi loïc daàu (nhôùt). mounted in the sump that supplies
z oil filter housing = case information on the engine oil level
surrounding an oil filter: Voû boä to the corresponding on the engine
loïc daàu (nhôùt) oil level to the corresponding
z oil filter wrench = special gauge: Caûm bieán möïc daàu (nhôùt)
automotive tool for the removal z oil pan n. US = SUMP:
and installation of oil filters; they Maùng daàu (nhôùt)
come in a variety of shapes, e.g. z oil pick-up (pipe) n. pipe or
as strap wrenches, chain tube from the strainer to the oil
wrenches, or special cup-style end pump in the sump: (OÁng daãn) daàu
cap oil filter wrenches: Khoùa môû (nhôùt) veà caùc te tö øloïc
boä loïc daàu (nhôùt) z oil pressure n. the lubrication
oil gallery n. passage running the point of the engine will only be
length of the cylinder block lubricated sufficiently if, in
through which oil under pressure addition to the oil quantity
flows before passing into the required, the oil pressure is also
bearings (via holes in the cylinder sufficient; the oil pressure is
block): Maïch daàu (nhôùt) trong maintained be the oil pump: AÙp
thaân maùy. suaát daàu (nhôùt)
z oil gauge n. OIL PRESSURE z oil pressure gauge: AÙp keá daàu
GAUGE: Duïng cuï ño aùp suaát (nhôùt), ñoàng hoà aùp suaát daàu
daàu (nhôùt) (nhôùt)
z oil grade n. rating of an oil z oil pressure sensor = sensor
according to its viscosity: Loaïi mounted above the oil filter that
daàu (nhôùt) theo ñoä nhôùt supplies information on the engine
z oil groove n. recess designed oil pressure to the corresponding
to either accommodate or warning light: Caûm bieán aùp suaát
transport lubricant: Raõnh daãn daàu daàu (nhôùt)
(nhôùt) ñeå boâi trôn z oil pressure switch = switch
z oil immersed clutch n. = which indicates a drop too below
WET CLUTCH: Ly hôïp ngaâm the minimum permissible oil
trong daàu (nhôùt) (ly hôïp öôùt) pressure by illuminating the oil
z oil level n. depth of oil in pressure warning light: Coâng taéc
sump, gearbox or rear axle: Möïc aùp suaát daàu (nhôùt)

235
 oil pressure warning light one-off

z oil pressure warning light = Thieát bò taùch daàu (nhôùt) töø oáng
instrument panel light the thoâng hôi caùc te.
illuminates when oil pressure falls z oil sludge n. thick deposits in
below a certain level: Ñeøn baùo aùp the sump and elsewhere, of dirt
suaát daàu (nhôùt) and the products of combustion,
oil pump n. pump which circulates oil partial combustion and oxidation
under pressure to the moving parts of the oil (e.g. carbon particles,
of an engine; normally bolted to unburned hydrocarbons and
the crankcase and located in the oxides): Caën daàu (nhôùt)
sump; usually a gear pump: Bôm z oil sump see SUMP: Cacte daàu
daàu (nhôùt) boâi trôn (nhôùt) ôû döôùi
z oil pump strainer = coarse- z oil temperature gauge n.
mesh metal screen on the bottom gauge which indicates the
of the pick-up pipe that prevents temperature of the engine oil:
foreign matter (such as lost Ñoàng hoà ño nhieät ñoä daàu (nhôùt)
washers, nuts and bolts) from z oil trap n. = OIL
entering the oil pump: Væ loïc döôùi SEPARATOR: Duïng cuï taùch daàu
bôm daàu (nhôùt) (nhôùt)
oil rail n. the part of the oil ring z oil way see OIL DUCT: Raõnh
responsible for the seal between daàu (nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu
piston and cylinder wall and thus (nhôùt)
for the actual ‘scraping off’ of the oleopneumatic suspension n. =
oil: Gôø cuûa baïc nhôùt ñeå gaït HYDROPNEUMATIC
nhôùt. SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
oil scraper ring n. piston ring thuyû khí
whose primary function is to ON = OCTANE NUMBER: Chæ soá
control the amount of oil that oâctan
remains on the cylinder walls: on-board computer n. electronic
Xeùc-maêng daàu (nhôùt) component used to control vehicle
oil screen n. = OIL PUMP electrical circuits, etc. and to
STRAINER: Löôùi loïc döôùi bôm process data for instrument panel
daàu (nhôùt) gauges: Maùy tính trung taâm
z oil seal n. any seal that z on-board diagnostic system n.
prevents the leakage of oil but indicating devices on the car that
especially the valve stem seal alert the driver when something is
between the valve and the wrong in the system: Heä thoáng
cylinder head: Phôùt daàu (nhôùt) suù chaån ñoaùn treân xe
paùp. one-coat finish n. finish consisting
z oil separator n. wire-mesh of a single coat of paint: Lôùp sôn
filter used to trap oil in the fumes cuoái (moät lôùp)
drawn out of the engine by the one-off n. a car or spare part of
crankcase ventilation system: which only a single unit is made:

236
 one-piece rim opera light

Xe hoaëc phuï tuøng chæ laøm moät (NOTE: opposite is off-the-car

laàn balancing)
one-piece rim n. wheel rim on-the-dolly panel beating n.
consisting of one part, designed metalworking technique used to
for tubeless type mounting: Nieàng tap out dents in the bodywork: Goø
xe lieàn khung duøng ñe
z one-piece rim designation = on-the-road charges n. extra
coded description of a one-piece charges, in addition to the list
wheel rim: Thoâng soá vaønh baùnh price of a new car, to cover
xe lieàn delivery, numberplates and road
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece fund licence (tax disc): Phí löu
rim) haønh
one-piece wheel n. wheel with a opacimeter n. instrument for
rim constructed in one piece measuring the content of
incorporating a well formation at particulate suspended in a fluid:
or near its centre to enable the Duïng cuï ño ñoä ñuïc cuûa chaát loûng
type beads to be mounted over the open coil or open element glow plug
rim flanges: Baùnh xe lieàn khoái n. = WIRE GLOW PLUG:
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece Bougie xoâng coù daây sinh nhieät
wheel) ñeå hôû
one-way clutch n. mechanical clutch open-ended spanner n. spanner
which transmits power in one with open jaws: Chìa khoaù mieäng
direction of rotation only; when z opening cam/rocker n. with
torque is not applied, the driven desmodromic engines, the
member rotates freely; used in cam/rocker responsible for
automatic gearboxes and the old opening the inlet or exhaust
freewheel : Ly hôïp moät chieàu valve: Cam/coø hôû
z one-way valve n. = CHECK open-loop n. without feedback from
VALVE: Van moät chieàu e.g. oxygen-sensor control
on-line a. state in which a piece of systems: Chu trình hôû (khoâng
equipment or subsystem is directly kheùp kín).
connected with or incorporated z open-loop catalytic converter
into the main system: Söï noái tröïc = present converter which does
tieáp not use an oxygen-sensor control
z on-line painting = painting of system and thus operates without
components within the actual feedback: Boä xuùc taùc chu trình
painting line: Söï sôn treân daây hôû (khoâng coù caûm bieán oxy)
chuyeàn (NOTE: opposite is computer-
on-the-car balancing n. balancing the controlled catalytic converter)
wheel whilst it is still attached to opera light n. US decorated
the car: Caân baèng baùnh xe khoâng courtesy light mounted on the
thaùo baùnh central pillar: Ñeøn trang trí

237
operating costs O-ring

operating costs n. the costs of orbital sander n. flat, cushioned

running a car: Chi phí vaän haønh plate covered with abrasive paper,
operating piston n. (automatic rotated with an elliptical motion
gearbox) piston which cause its by an electric motor and used for
respective clutch(es), band or fine sanding work : Duïng cuï maøi
multi-disc brakes to be applied by baèng giaáy nhaùm
converting fluid pressure into organic n. of chemical compounds,
mechanical force and movement: based on carbon chains or rings
Pittoâng trong maïch daàu thuyû löïc and containing hydrogen with or
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng) without oxygen, nitrogen, or other
opposite lock n. turning the steering elements: Chaát höõu cô
wheel in the opposite direction to (NOTE: opposite is inorganic)
that of the oversteer; i.e. turning orientation n. tendency of plastic
the wheel to the left if the result molecules if stretched, to align
of going round a right-hand bend themselves in the direction of the
too fast has caused the rear end of stress: Söï ñònh höôùng cuûa caùc
the car to skid: Söï tröôït ñuoâi xe phaân töû nhöïa khi bò keùo.
khi ñaùnh voøng ngöôïc tay laùi original condition n. description of
optical check n. either a (less the condition of a car; the car is in
thorough) visual inspection or an the state in which it left the
examination by means of optical factory; it may be worn but has
instruments: Kieåm tra chi tieát neither been resprayed nor
baèng caùc thieát bò quang hoïc. reupholstered nor has extensive
optimize n. to set at the best welding been carried out or
possible value: Toái öu hoaù. modern accessories fitted to
optional equipment n. those parts change its standard specifications:
and systems of a vehicle which Tình traïng ban ñaàu (cuûa xe).
are not supplied as standard original equipment (OE) n. part
equipment by the manufacturer, used in the manufacture of the
i.e they are not included in the vehicle, rather than those added
price for a given model: Trang afterwards: Trang thieát bò goác
thieát bò choïn theâm (duøng ôû nôi saûn xuaát xe)
(NOTE: opposite is standard O-ring n. annular seal, of round or
equipment) rectangular cross section and
OPUS = OSCILLATING PICK-UP almost any diameter; made of
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng rubber, neoprene, etc. , or of soft
ñaùnh löûa caûm bieán ñieän töø. metal, such as copper: Voøng ñeäm
orange peel effect n. (paint fault) hình O (moät loaïi voøng ñeäm cao
uneven formation on a film su hình chöõ O ñöôïc gaén ôû raõnh
surface, similar to that of an chung quanh ñaàu truïc vaø trong
orange skin: Lôùp sôn loãi gioáng beà voû boïc truïc ñeå laøm kín, khoâng
maët voû quaû cam cho daàu (nhôùt) chaûy ra)

238
oscilloscope outlet valve

o/s = OFFSIDE z outer envelope n. (of gas

oscillating pick-up ignition system discharge lamps) bulb which
(OPUS) n. ignition system where protects and supports the arc tube;
the contact breaker and cam are either filled with gas or evacuated
replaced by a timing rotor, a pick- to avoid oxidation of the arc tube:
up module, and an amplifier Voû boùng cao aùp.
module: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa caûm z outer headlight: Ñeøn pha phía
bieán ñieän töø. ngoaøi
oscilloscope n. electronic z outer terminal n. electrode on
measurement device used to the inside of the distributor cap,
display waveforms or traces of one outer terminal being assigned
signals: Dao ñoäng kyù, maùy hieän to each sparking plug; the
soùng distributor rotor distributes the
otg = OUTDOOR or OUTSIDE firing voltage from the central
TEMPERATURE GAUGE: Duïng electrode to the outer terminals:
cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi Ñieän cöïc bìa
Otto cycle n. another name for the (NOTE: opposite is centre
four-stroke cycle, name after the electrode)
German engine Dr. Nikolaus Otto z outer tower n. socket on the
(1832-1891) who first patented the distributor cap corresponding to
design in 1876: Chu kyø Otto the outer terminal, one per
(Chu kyø 4 thì: huùt, eùp, noå, xaû cuûa cylinder, to connect the sparking
ñoäng cô, do nhaø saùng cheá Dr. plug leads: Loã treân naép delco ñeå
Nikolaus Otto, aùp duïng cho ñoäng caém daây phin
cô ñoát trong) z outer wrap n. (catalytic
outboard a. away from the centre converter) surrounds the converter
of the vehicle: Xa taâm xe shell, serves as a retainer and
outdoor or outside temperature provides mechanical protection
gauge (otg) n. gauge which for the insulation: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
indicates the ambient air outlet n. (a) (of 4-stroke engine) =
temperature outside the vehicle: EXHAUST PORT: Cöûa thaûi, oáng
Duïng cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi thaûi
z outer dead centre see (b) last pipe of an exhaust system;
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE: tailpipe: OÁng boâ
Ñieåm cheát döôùi z outlet pipe n. pump discharge
z outer diameter (OD) n. pipe: OÁng ra cuû bôm.
external diameter of a cylinder or z outlet side = that side of the
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi pump or pumping system on which
z outer electrode n. (a) = the liquid pumped leaves the
OUTER TERMINAL: Cöïc ngoaøi pump or system: Beân xaû
(b) = EARTH ELECTRODE: (NOTE: opposite is suction side)
Ñieän cöïc bìa z outlet valve n. (a) =

239
outline overhead camshaft

EXHAUST VALVE: Suù paùp thaûi revolutions, producing road speed

(b) = DISCHARGE VALVE: as a ratio of engine speed
Van thoaùt (sometimes expressed as mph per
outline v. to mould plastic material 1000 rpm): Tæ soá truyeàn ñoäng (tæ
around something: Phuû nhöïa soá giöõa toác ñoä ñoäng cô vaø toác ñoä
out of round a. not circular: Khoâng baùnh xe) toaøn phaàn (toác ñoä ñoäng
troøn cô / toác ñoä baùnh xe)
z out of true a. inaccurately overdrive n. (a) transmission speed
made or incorrectly adjusted, e.g. which can be selected manually
of a wheel with side –to-side and gives a ratio of less than 1:1,
deviation or wobble: Laép sai, i.e. the transmission output shaft
chænh sai turns faster than the transmission
z out of tune a. poorly tuned: input shaft: Truïc ra hoäp soá quay
Hieäu chænh sai nhanh hôn truïc vaøo.
output speed n. speed of the (b) separate transmission installed
transmission output shaft which is in the (rear) drive train giving an
transmitted to the driven wheels overdrive reduction to direct or
via the final drive; as the final direct and intermediate gears;
drive provides a constant gear usually selected electro-
ratio, output speed is proportional mechanically by means of a
to vehicle road speed: Toác ñoä button or switch located either in
truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá the instrument panel or at the gear
outrigger n. a short angle or box lever: Soá OD
section member that runs across overflow hose/pipe n. pipe to drain
part of the car: Thanh ñôõ, giaù ñôõ off excess fluid, e.g. between the
outside caliper n. machinists’ radiator and the coolant reserve
caliper used to check outside tank, or in the float chamber if the
dimensions: Compa ño ngoaøi specified fuel level is substantially
z outside spring caliper = exceeded due to a leaking needle
outside caliper with spring for valve: OÁng thoaùt, oáng xaû, oáng
accurate setting: Compa ño ngoaøi traøn
coù loø xo giöõ overhang n. distance between the
z outside diameter n. the outermost front or rear point of a
external diameter of a cylinder or vehicle and the wheel centres of
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi the respective axle: Khoaûng caùch
oval piston n. special piston töø taâm baùnh xe ñeán caûn tröôùc
developed by Honda, able to hoaëc caûn sau.
accommodate eight valves and overhaul v. to repair and restore to
two sparking plugs: Pít toâng hình (near) original condition: Ñaïi tu
baàu duïc overhead camshaft (OC, OHC) n.
overall gear ratio n. ratio of engine type of camshaft situated over the
revolutions to road wheel valves (rather than in the side of

240
 overhead valve (OHV) engine overspray

the engine): Truïc cam treân naép faster than the towing vehicle: Xe
maùy bò keùo chaïy theo trôùn nhanh hôn
overhead valve (OHV) engine n. xe keùo
four-stroke engine with the intake overrun control valve n. valve in a
and exhaust poppet valves located crossover pipe between the
in the cylinder head and not at the compressor suction and discharge
side of the cylinder as in a side- sides of some turbocharger
valve engine; the valve stems are systems: Van kieåm soaùt vöôït toác
either at an angle or parallel and cuûa boä taêng aùp.
the valve discs face the piston, overrun cut-off/ shut-off n. =
valve actuation pushrod and swing DECELERATION FUEL CUT-
arm: Ñoäng cô coù suùpap treân naép OFF: Söï caét nhieân lieäu khi giaûm
maùy toác
(NOTE: US English is I-head) z overrunning clutch n. (a) part
overheat v. to make or become too of a starter motor designed to
hot: Laøm quaù nhieät, quaù noùng avoid armature damage caused by
overinflated tyre n. tyre which has severe overrevving: Ly hôïp tröôït
too much air in it, causing trong maùy khôûi ñoäng
premature wear in the tread (b) = ONE-WAY CLUTCH (in
centre: Loáp xe bôm quaù ñaày automatic transmission) device
khoâng khí (caêng) that disengages the engine on
(NOTE: opposite is underinflated overrun: Boä ly hôïp moät chieàu
tyre) trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng.
overlap n. = VALVE OVERLAP: z overrunning clutch starter n.
Goùc truøng ñieäp cuûa suù paùp. = PRE-ENGAGED STARTER:
overlay n. upper layer of a plain Maùy khôûi ñoäng vôùi ly hôïp moät
bearing insert: Lôùp voû ngoaøi cuûa chieàu
oå bi. oversize piston n. piston with a
overload spring n. (chassis) spring diameter slightly larger than that
which acts only under heavy load; of the standard piston, used in
prevents bottoming: Loø xo chòu order to allow for honing of the
taûi cylinder walls: Pít-toâng cho xy
overrev v. to run engine above the lanh leân coát.
maximum recommended rpm: z oversize valve guides n. valve
Chaïy quaù voøng quay toái ña cho guide with a slightly larger outside
pheùp (ñoäng cô) diameter than the standard valve
overrun (a) n.& v. a vehicle travelling guide, used to repair worn valve
with no throttle and the engine guides after their bores have been
acting as a brake is said to be ‘on reamed: OÁng keàm suù paùp coù kích
the overrun’ or ‘overrunning’: Söï thöôùc lôùn ñeå thay oáng keàm suù
chaïy theo trôùn paùp bò moøn.
(b) v. (of a towed vehicle) to travel overspray n. Undesirable spray

241
 over square engine oxygen corrosion

residues on adjacent panels and oxy hoùa, quaù trình oâxi hoùa
car parts beyond the resprayed z oxide n. chemical compound of
area (countered by careful oxygen with another element:
masking): Lôùp sôn lan sang choã OÂxit
khaùc z oxides of nitrogen =
over square engine n. Engine where NITROGEN OXIDES: Oxit nitô
the bore size is lager than the (hoùa hoïc)
stroke: Ñoäng cô coù ñöôøng kính z oxidize v. to (cause to)
piston lôùn hôn haønh trình. combine with oxygen: Laøm oâxi
oversteer 1 v. (of a vehicle) to turn hoùa
more sharply than the driver z oxidizer or oxidizing agent =
intends (possibly causing the rear compound which gives up oxygen
of the vehicle to slide wide): easily, removes hydrogen from
Quay voøng thöøa another compound, or attracts
2 n. action of oversteering: Söï electrons: Taùc nhaân oâxi hoùa
quay voøng thöøa z oxidizing catalyst = catalyst
(NOTE: opposite is understeer) which decreases CO and HC
overtake v. To pass another vehicle levels using excess air: Chaát xuùc
going in the same direction: Vöôït taùc ñeå oâxi hoùa CO vaø HC trong
overthin v. To add too much thinner khí thaûi
to paint: Cho quaù nhieàu xaêng z oxidizing converter =
thôm khi pha loaõng sôn. converter with a conventional
owner n. Somebody who actually oxidation catalyst that needs a
owns something, i. e. has the title secondary air supply to convert
of property: Chuû nhaân hydrocarbons and carbon
z owner’s handbook = booklet monoxide and water; does not
provided with a new car which control NOx emissions: Boä hoaù
briefly describes the position and khöû coù bôm khí
operation of the various oxyacetylene welding n. = gas
instrument and switches, as well welding: Haøn hôi (oâxi –
as technical specifications and axeâtylen)
some maintenance information: oxygen (O) n. Gaseous element
Saùch höôùng daãn ngöôøi söû duïng. essential for life and the
oxalic acid n. Acid used as an combustion of fuel: Khí oâxi, kyù
electrolyte for anodising: Axít hieäu laø O
oxalic z oxygenates n. oxygen-
oxidation n. Chemical reaction enriched fuels or anti-knock
which increases the oxygen additives: Phuï gia vaøo nhieân lieäu
content of a compound or in which ñeå choáng kích noå.
a compound or radical loses z oxygen corrosion n. electro-
electrons, i.e. In which the chemical corrosion caused by
positive valence is increased: Söï neutral or alkaline electrolytes in

242
oxygen sensor ozone

which, during the cathodic coolant temperature signal to the

reaction, oxygen is reduced to ECM: Coâng taéc nhieät ñoä nöôùc
hydroxide: Söï aên moøn do oâxi oxyhydrogen gas n. Highly explosive
oxygen sensor n. sensor which mixture of oxygen and hydrogen,
measures the amount of oxygen generated during charging of lead-
remaining in the exhaust gases: acid batteries: Hoãn hôïp khí oâxi
Caûm bieán oâxi vaø hydro sinh ra khi naïp aéc quy.
(NOTE: usually called a lambda ozone n. Strong oxidizing agent (often
sensor) produced by sparking from
oxygen sensor system thermo-switch electrical apparatus, such as arc
n. (fuel injection) usually located welding equipment); particularly
in a coolant hose, provides a harmful to tyres.: Khí oâzoân

243
P paintwork

Pp
P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay soá z paint chip book n. = COLOUR
P (ñaäu) (hoäp soá töï ñoäng) CHART: Bieåu ñoà maøu (sôn)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre z paint colour matching n.
denoting the maximum speed for determining the correct paint
which it is designed (150km/h or shade with the aid of colour charts
95mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ toác and special mixing devices and, in
ñoä toái ña 150km/h. difficult cases, via spectral
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED: analysis: Söï choïn maøu sôn cho
Trôï löïc phuø hôïp khi sôn daëm.
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical z painting line n. route taken (and
recess that accommodates a processes undergone) by the
number of rings of packing around bodywork of a newly
the shaft or shaft sleeve: Raõnh ñaët manufactured vehicle on its way
baïc treân truïc (bôm) through the paint shop: Daây
(NOTE: also called stuffing box) chuyeàn sôn
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Maù painting robot n. robot used for
phanh. paint application: Ngöôøi maùy ñöôïc
pad retainer (pin) n. pin which duøng cho vieäc sôn.
locates the brake pad in a disc z paint refinishing n. the
brake: Choát giöõ maù phanh various steps involved in
(phanh). repainting a secondhand car: Caùc
pagoda (-style) roof n. unusual roof böôùc khi sôn laïi xe cuõõ.
design, introduced on the paint shop n. (a) production stage in
Mercedes-Benz SL Hardtop, an automobile manufacturing plant
which was slightly lower in the during which the bodywork is
centre than at the sides: Mui xe treated with paint: Phaân xöôûng
kieåu thaùp. sôn
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid, (b) separate paint repair shop,
liquefiable, or mastic composition usually near a body repair shop
designed for application to a (i.e. for damaged vehicles):
substrate on a thin layer which is Phoøng sôn
converted to a solid film after z paint stripper n. liquid paint
application: Sôn remover: Thieát bò, dung moâi caïo
2 v. In an automotive context, boû sôn
painting usually means spray z paint system n. the sum of all
painting: Phun sôn coats of paint on a work: Caùc lôùp
z paint booth n. closed section in sôn
a painting line in which coats of z paintwork n. overall result of
paint are applied: Phoøng sôn. painting; the paint coating or

244
PAIR system panoramic windscreen

finish: Sôn different purpose, e.g. cross-peen

PAIR system n. = PULSE AIR and shrinking hammer: Buùa goø
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng duøng rung thaân xe
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khoâng khí z panelling n. (a) a combination
vaøo ñöôøng thaûi of separate sheet metal panels to
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable, form a complete assembly, e.g. the
noble metal of the platinum outer panels of the body or even
family; atomic number 46, atomic the panels surrounding the engine:
weight 106.4: resembles platinum Toå hôïp khung voû xe.
and together with other platinum (b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
metals is used as a catalyst in trim of doors: Khung nhöïa (gaén
automotive exhaust converters: tableau)
Palañi (hoùa hoïc) z panel picking n. straightening
pane n. sheet of a window glass: very fine indentations or marks of
Taám kính. very small diameter on a panel
panel n. (a) part made from sheet surface with a pick hammer: Goø
metal; e.g. door panel: Baûng, taám tinh
(theùp) panel puller n. tool with slide
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior hammer and hook or self-threading
trim of doors: Khung nhöïa screw tip to pull dented doors,
z panel beater n. (a) person wings and other sheet metal panels
who beats out the dented back into place: Duïng cuïï keùo
bodywork of a damaged vehicle khung voû.
(b) = PANEL HAMMER: Thôï (NOTE: US English is knocker)
ñoàng. Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
z panel beating n. beating out the bar between a beam axle and the
dents in damaged bodywork: Goø vehicle body as a lateral location
thuøng xe. of the axle: Thanh xoaén
z panel bonding n. new repair Panhard.
process using a special adhesive to z Panhard rod mounting box =
glue body panels in place instead box section used to mount the
of spot-welding them: Phöông Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giaù
phaùp môùi söûa thuøng xe baèng laép thanh xoaén Panhard.
duøng chaát keo ñaët bieät ñeå daùn. panoramic windscreen n. a
panel cutter n. air-operated tool windscreen style popular in the
used to cut out old panels: Maùy 1950s and’60s that featured
caét khung cuõ (laøm ñoàng) recessed screen pillars, giving a
z panel flanger n. = JOGGLER: wide, unobstructed view of the
Maùy gaáp taám. road; entry for the front passengers
z panel hammer n. special was awkward, since the screen
hammer for metalworking that has pillar corners projected into the
two differently-shaped heads for door opening: Kính xe nhìn ñöôïc

245
pantechnicon park brake

bao quaùt. Söï moøn ñeàu ñóa phanh

pantechnicon n. large van or lorry, z parallel key n. = FEATHER
especially one for moving KEY: Chìa khoùa mieäng
furniture: Xe vaän taûi lôùn ñeå z parallelogram steering
chuyeân chôû ñoà goã. (system) n. steering system with a
parabolic reflector n. old headlight drop arm and idler arm: Heä thoáng
reflector in the shape of a laùi hình bình haønh .
parabola, now replaced by z parallelogram suspension n. =
ellipsoidal reflectors: Göông phaûn DOUBLE WISHBONE
xaï ñeøn pha coù daïng paraboân SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
z parabolic spring n. leaf spring hình bình haønh.
tapered in the shape of a parabola: z parallel trailing link
Laù nhíp daïng ñöôøng paraboân suspension n. front suspension
paraffin n. in automotive layout used primarily by
applications, used as a solvent for Volkswagen on rear-engined cars:
removing grease: Daàu löûa Heä thoáng treo tröôùc vôùi caùc ñoøn
(NOTE: US English is kerosene) keùo song song.
parallel 1 a. the same distance apart parallel twin n. type of engine usually
at every point: Song song found on traditional British two-
2 n. two or more electrical cylinder motorcycles: loaïi ñoäng cô
components each receiving the hai xy lanh cuûa Anh duøng cho xe
same voltage: Thieát bò ñieän maéc gaén maùy.
song song . parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust
3 v. to connect in parallel: Noái valves with parallel valves stems:
song song Caùc suù paùp ñaët song song (huùt vaø
z parallel action locking pliers thaûi)
n. locking pliers with parallel parent panel n. the panel left in
action jaws, e.g. for pinching off place on the car to which a new
hoses when servicing cooling panel is welded after all the rusted
systems: Kìm khoùa mieäng song metal has been cut out: Phaàn coøn
song. laïi cuûa khung muïc khi laøm ñoàng.
z parallel circuit n. electric park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
circuit in which the individual the gear selector for an automatic
components are connected gearbox; when engaged (after the
between two points, with one of vehicle has come to a complete
the two ends of each component standstill) the driving wheels are
connected to each point; locked: Tay soá ñaäu.
arrangement used in the vehicle 2 v. to leave a vehicle in a
electrical system: Maïch ñieän song particular place: Ñoã xe.
song z parking brake n. mechanically
z parallelism n. (of brake discs) operated brake that is independent
same thickness all the way round: of the foot-operated service brakes

246
parking brake console particulate emission limit

on the vehicle; set when the can be switched to illuminate the

vehicle is parked, usually by hand LH or RH side: Ñeøn ñoã xe.
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot z parking lock (PL) n. block gear
on some American cars: Phanh and pawl that lock the transmission
(phanh) tay. mechanically: Cô caáu khoùa ôû tay
z parking brake console = soá ñaäu.
reinforcing member incorporated z parking lot n. US (ground level,
in the centre tunnel area of the outdoor) car park: Baõi ñaäu xe.
floorpan to provide the mounting z parking meter n. coin-operated
support for the handbrake: Giaù ñôõ timing device that indicates how
caàn keùo phanh tay. long a vehicle may legally remain
z parking brake lever = (inside parked: Thieát bò baùo thôøi gian coù
drum brake) lever which spreads theå ñoã xe.
the brake shoes outward; the long z parking space n. parking place
end is connected to the parking reserved for a particular vehicle:
brake shoe and to a push bar which Nôi ñoã z parking ticket n. written
acts on the other shoe : Caàn ñaåy fine for a parking offence: Phieáu
guoác phanh. phaït ñoã xe khoâng ñuùng choã.
z parking brake lever strut = z park/ neutral safety switch n.
push bar between the shoes in a = STARTER INHIBITOR
drum brake: Thanh ñaåy guoác SWITCH: Coâng taéc an toaøn.
phanh. part n. component: Thaønh phaàn,
z parking brake pedal = foot- phaàn, phuï tuøng.
operated pedal for the parking partial flow filter n. = BYPASS
brake: Baøn ñaïp phanh tay. FILTER: Boä loïc maïch reõ.
z parking disc n. marker z partial respray n. respraying
displayed on the inside of a parked part of the bodywork: Söï sôn laïi
car showing time of arrival (of moät phaàn thaân xe.
latest permitted time of departure): (NOTE: opposite is full or
Baûng thoâng baùo thôøi gian ñoã xe. complete respray)
parking heater n. air heating system particulate catalyst n. pellet
which operates independently of catalyst: chaát xuùc taùc daïng haït.
the engine: Heä thoáng söôûi noùng z particulate emission n.
hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi ñoäng cô. emission of solid particles of
z parking interlock n. = carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa ôû from the exhaust system: Haït
tay soá ñaäu muoäi than trong khí thaûi.
z parking light/ lamp n. energy- z particulate emission limit =
saving vehicle illumination mode weight of particulate emissions in
for longterm roadside parking; the exhaust of diesel engines,
includes only one front sidelight specified in grams per mile: Söï
and one taillight; the parking light giôùi haïn löôïng haït muoäi

247
particulate ignition temperature patch panel

than trong khí thaûi. passenger car n. (usually) four-

z particulate ignition wheeled motor car powered by an
temperature n. in diesel IC engine and designed for
filtration tests, the exhaust gas passengers: Xe du lòch, xe con
temperature at which there is an z passenger car wheel =
equilibrium between particulate generally one-piece wheels made
burn-off and deposit build-up: of sheet steel (rim and disc are
Nhieät ñoä cuûa khí thaûi giöõa ñieåm welded together) or light-alloy
töï laøm saïch vaø ñieåm keát muoäi. (cast or forged alloy wheels), and
particulate matter (PM) or designed for tubeless tyres: Baùnh
particulates n. suspended solids xe lieàn khoái.
of carbon and unburnt passenger compartment or
hydrocarbons from the exhaust passenger cell n. part of the car
system: Than ñoùng laïi treân poâ in which the driver and passengers
part-load operation n. operation of sit: Khoang haønh khaùch.
systems and components under z passenger-side air bag n. an
conditions below full load: Söï air bag restraint system designed
hoaït ñoäng vôùi moät phaàn taûi. to protect the front passenger;
part out v. US to break up for spares: introduced on some cars in the
Raõ xe laáy phuï tuøng early 1990s, it usually occupies the
part panel n. = PATCH PANEL: space normally provided for a
Mieáng ñaép (laøm ñoàng) glove compartment: Tuùi khí daønh
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing cho haønh khaùch.
available spare parts: Danh muïc passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of
phuï tuøng. a chemically active metal surface
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n. by electrochemical polarization or
reference number attributed to by immersion in a passivating
particular part: Maõ soá phuï tuøng solution: Laøm thuï ñoäng hoùa, laøm
part-throttle operation n. driving chaäm phaûn öùng (aên moøn).
without using full throttle: chaïy passive safety n. features designed
vôùi caùnh böôùm ga môû moät phaàn. to alleviate the consequences of a
part-time four-wheel drive n. crash, such as air bags, collapsible
manually selectable four-wheel steering column, head restraints,
drive: Choïn daãn ñoäng boán baùnh toughened windscreen, etc.: Söï
baèng tay. an toaøn thuï ñoäng.
pas = POWER-ASSISTED (NOTE: opposite is active safety)
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi coù trôï patching n. repair method for
löïc welding up local corrosion damage
pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of by using smaller panels made up
pressure (= ten newton per square from sheet metal: Söï ñaép vaù (haøn
centimeter): Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát thaân xe)
pass v. to overtake: Vöôït z patch panel n. small sheet

248
pattern panel peen hammer

metal panel that is usually made metered into the intake system for
up specially to repair minor rust burning: Van thoâng khí hoäp caùc
holes: Mieáng vaù, taám raùp noái. te.
pattern panel n. body panel made by PE = POLYETHYLENE,
somebody other than the original POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
manufacturer, usually for repair peak power n. point of maximum
purposes; this also includes panels torque: Mo ment cöïc ñaïi.
remanufactured after the spare z peak revs n. point of
parts supplies from the factory maximum engine speed: Soá voøng
have been discontinued: Taám quay toái ña.
thuøng xe töï goø. z peaky a. (of an engine) only
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that its able to deliver useful power at
free end can fit into a notch, slot, high revs, necessitating frequent
or groove at certain times in order gearchanges: Xe chaïy ôû toác ñoä
to hold a part stationary (b) catch quaù cao caàn thieát phaûi chuyeån soá
at the bottom of a lever which pedal n. foot-operated lever: Baøn
connects with a toothed rack to ñaïp.
hold the lever in position (e.g. with z pedal clearance = the distance
a handbrake lever or in ratchets): between the pedal and the floor,
Moùc gaøi, con coùc,choát chaën. when the pedal is fully depressed;
payload n. the revenue-earning reference points may vary:
cargo of a commercial vehicle or Khoaûng hôû baøn ñaïp.
the weight of the cargo: Troïng zpedal free play = the distance a
taûi. pedal moves until a slight
pb = POWER BRAKES: Trôï löïc resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
phanh (phanh). = vibration of the brake pedal
PC = PITCH CIRCLE, when depressed, caused by a
POLYCARBONATE defective disc or drum (or when
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD: ABS is activated): Söï rung ñoäng
Baûng maïch in. cuûa baøn ñaïp (phanh ABS).
PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER z pedals = the accelerator pedal,
PCI = PROGRAMME brake pedal and clutch pedal: Caùc
COMPARISON AND baøn ñaïp.
IDENTIFICATION: Chöông trình z pedal travel = the total stroke
so saùnh vaø nhaän daïng. of a pedal: Haønh trình töï do cuûa
PCV = POSITIVE CRANKCASE baøn ñaïp.
VENTILATION: Thoâng khí hoäp
caùc te. peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow wedge-
PCV valve = usually located on the shaped end of a hammer head
cylinder head cover, this valve opposite the flattened striking
allows a certain amount of face: Ñaàu muõi buùa.
crankcase blow-by gases to be peen hammer = body hammer with

249
peening permanent magnet

a peen of triangular section with a performance n. (a) the general way a

fairly sharply shaped end: Buùa ñaàu car (or any other machine or
tam giaùc. material handles: tính naêng xe
z peening n. flattening or (b) specifically, a car’s
shaping with a peen hammer: Söï acceleration and top speed: Ñaëc
goø baèng buùa. tính gia toác vaø soá voøng quay cöïc
PE headlight n. headlight with a gas ñaïi.
discharge lamp and a z performance characteristics of
polyellipsoidal reflector: ñeøn ñaàu materials n. specific values for
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình materials, obtained by standard
polyellipsoid test methods and available for the
pein n. = PEEN: Ñaàu muõi buùa selection of appropriate materials:
pellet-type catalytic converter n. Ñaëc ñieåm, ñaëc tính cuûa vaät lieäu.
the first type of automotive z performance handling system
catalytic converter, introduced in n. typically consists of front and
the USA in 1975: Boä xuùc taùc loaïi rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled
haït. gas shock absorbers, special
pencil-type glow plug n. = springs: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tính
SHEATHED-TYPE GLOW naêng xe.
PLUG: Bougie xoâng maùy loaïi z performance tuning n. efforts
oáng. to improve vehicle performance in
pendulum impact test n. the standard particular, such as upgraded
test methods are the Izod and suspension, higher engine output
Charpy test; the specimens have a and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
standard notch machined in them, measures, such as the addition of
and the impact energy absorbed in spoilers: Söï ñieàu chænh ñeå caûi
breaking the specimen is recorded: thieän tính naêng xe.
Söï kieåm tra ñoä cöùng baèng con perimeter frame n. type of frame
laéc. widely used for American car that
penetrating oil n. thin oil used to incorporates separate frames; the
loosen corroded parts: Daàu nôùi side and crossmembers form a
loûng nhöõng phaàn bò aên moøn. border that surrounds the
pent crown piston n. piston design passenger compartment: Söôøn xe
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped daïng uoán troøn.
piston crown to improve the flow permanent four-wheel drive n.
of the fuel/ air mixture and to permanently engaged four-wheel
increase engine compression: drive (with lockable or limited-slip
Piston ñaàu vaùt nghieâng. differentials): Söï daãn ñoäng boán
z pent-roof combustion chamber baùnh thöôøng xuyeân.
n. combustion chamber whose top z permanent magnet n.
is angled like a roof: Buoàng chaùy magnetic material such as
kieåu vaùt nghieâng. hardened steel that has been

250
personal (ized) numberplate pH value

strongly magnetized and retains its z petrol station n. filling station:

magnetism indefinitely; used in Traïm xaêng daàu, caây xaêng
electric machines: Nam chaâm (NOTE: US English is gas station)
vónh cöûu. z petrol tanker n. specially
personal (ized) numberplate n. equipped lorry for transporting
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by petrol/ fuel: Xe boàn chôû xaêng
a vehicle’s owner, rather than one daàu.
allocated by the authorities (in the PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION:
UK, the DVLA): Baûng soá do chuû Phun xaêng ña ñieåm
xe choïn soá (ñeïp) phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
Perspex see POLYMETHYL CIRCUITRY
METHACRYLATE: Kính Phillips screw n. proprietary type of
Perspex deûo. cross-head screw: Vít ñaàu raõnh
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication chöõ thaäp.
method for two-stroke engines z Phillips screwdriver =
where the oil is added to the fuel proprietary type of cross-head
and lubricates the moving engine screwdriver: Tua nô vít ñaàu chöõ
parts as the air/ fuel mixture thaäp.
passes through the crankcase: Söï phosphate coating n. conversion
boâi trôn baèng xaêng pha nhôùt. coating produced by phosphating:
petrol n. liquid blend of Lôùp aùo (sôn) ngoaøi baèng
hydrocarbons refined from phoâtphat.
petroleum, used as a fuel for SI z phosphate section = section in
engines: xaêng a painting line in which phosphate
(NOTE: US English is gasoline or treatment is performed: Boä phaän
gas) xöû lyù phoâtphat.
z petrol engine = spark ignition z phosphate treatment =
engine, using petrol as a fuel: treatment of metals with a
Ñoäng cô xaêng phosphating solution to produce a
z petroleum n. the crude oil phosphate conversion coating on
from which petrol, lubricating oil, the surface: Söï xöû lyù photphat.
and other such products are z phosphating n. =
refined: Daàu thoâ PHOSPHATE TREATMENT: Söï
z petroleum jelly = whitish xöû lyù photphat.
jelly-like substance obtained from z phosphating solution = solution
petroleum, used as a lubricant and of phosphoric acid, often enriched
as a protection against corrosion: with zinc, used during the
Môõ boâi trôn (môõ boø) bodywork production process for
z petrol pump n. pump which cleaning and rust prevention:
dispenses petrol at a filling station: Dung dòch photphat keõm (choáng
Bôm xaêng ôû traïm baùn xaêng aên moøn)
(NOTE: US English is gas pump) pH value n. measure of the

251
pick and finishing hammer pilot bearing

concentration of hydrogen ions in a z pick-up module = trigger-

solution, which shows how acid or activated device which sends a
alkaline it is pH: Ñoä pH. signal to the ignition unit of an
pick and finishing hammer n. electronic ignition system: Cuïm
widely used type of body hammer caûm bieán ñieän töø.
with a pointed end on one side and z pick-up pipe n. = OIL PICK-
a shallow domed end for finishing UP (PIPE): OÁng daãn daàu.
on the other side: Buùa ñaàu nhoïn z pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
vaø ñaàu voøm. STRAINER: Loïc bôm daàu.
pick hammer = hammer with a round z pick-up tool n. tool with a
head for conventional planishing flexible or rigid shaft and a claw
and a small pick-shaped head for type pick-up end; used to retrieve
working away in sharp or tight small objects from hard-to-reach
corners : Buùa ñaàu nhoïn. areas: Duïng cuï gaép vaät rôi.
( NOTE: not to be confused with a bullet- pig iron n. produced in blast furnaces,
point pick hammer, which has a more
blunt pick, nor with peen hammer)
pig iron is the raw material for
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill practically all iron and steel
scale from the surface of a metal products; contains about 3-5%
by immersion, usually in an acidic carbon: Gang
or alkaline solution: laøm saïch gæ pigtail n. = WIRING PIGTAIL: Ñaàu
baèng caùch nhuùng vaøo dung dòch daây ñieän ngaén nhoâ ra töø thieát bò
acid hoaëc bazô. ñieän
z pickling attack = initial piling n. the build-up of metal on a
chemical reaction between contact breaker point: söï dòch
phosphating solutions and metal chuyeån kim loaïi treân maët vít löûa
surface in phosphate treatment: (NOTE: opposite is pitting)
Phaûn öùng cuûa dung dòch taåy vôùi pill n. jet in the fuel-return line
beà maët kim loaïi. which establishes the mixture:
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material, as Giclô caân baèng hoãn hôïp treân
between bearing and shaft, caused ñöôøng oáng hoài nhieân lieäu.
by friction and heat due to lack of pillar n. post between the roof and
oil; can lead to seizure: Söï dính 2 the waistline; from front to rear,
beà maët do thieáu boâi trôn. there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
(b) small truck with an open body Truï ñôõ, truï choáng.
and low sides: Xe taûi nhoû, khoâng z pillar jack n. = TOWER
mui, thaønh thaáp. JACK: Con ñoäi hình thaùp, con
(NOTE: called a utility or ñoäi cheát.
informally ute in Australia) z pillar light n. courtesy light
z pick-up coil n. coil in which mounted on the central pillar: Ñeøn
voltage is induced in magnetic truï cöûa.
pick-up assembly: Cuoän daây caûm pilot bearing n. US = SPIGOT
bieán ñieän töø. BEARING: OÅ loùt daãn höôùng.

252
pilot hole piping

z pilot hole n. hole which acts as xaø beng

a guide when drilling a larger hole pin slider caliper disc brake n. disc
or for a self-tapping screw: Loã brake design with a sliding caliper:
daãn höôùng. Boä keïp phanh (phanh) ñóa vôùi
z pilot jet n. jet in the idling choát tröôït.
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor pinstriping n. thin, precisely
which measures and a admits fuel: contoured lines along certain body
Giclô caàm chöøng. features; they may extend along
z pilot shaft n. dummy shaft the whole car and finish off in
which is used to align parts and is elaborate, bouquet-like designs:
removed before final assembly of Ñöôøng vieàn thaân xe.
the parts: Truïc daãn höôùng. z pinstriping tool = painting tool
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel used to apply thin, precise lines on
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a the body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel and to enhance car body contours:
pin): Choát, truïc. Duïng cuï taïo ñöôøng vieàn.
pinging n. US = PINKING:Tieáng goõ. pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish fuel injector nozzle with a hold in
that are often grouped together; the side through which a very
caused by trapped solvents, small amount of fuel is sprayed
moisture or air released from the when the needle valve is partly
film: Loã nhoû treân lôùp sôn opened at low pressure, before the
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which main hole comes into use: Moät
engages with a rack or larger daïng kim phun diesel
wheel and whose diameter is not pintle n. (a) the needle of the
much larger than the diameter of injection valve in a diesel fuel
its shaft or axle: Baùnh raêng nhoû injector: Van kim
z pinion shaft n. short drive (b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
shaft in the rear axle connecting bracket, to which the towbar is
the prop shaft to the crown wheel attached: Caùi choát, truïc keùo xe
via the final drive pinion: Truïc z pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
baùnh raêng beân cuûa baùn truïc. containing the pintle: Voøi phun
pinking or US pinging n. metallic, chöùa van kim.
pinging noise caused by pipework n. system of pipes: Heä
detonation or partial detonation in thoáng oáng daãn
the combustion chamber of a pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner
cylinder, usually due to low- with serrated jaws: Moû leách
octane fuel or over-advanced raêng.
ignition: Tieáng goõ kích noå piping n. (a) system of pipes: Heä
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft thoáng oáng daãn
for use with a hammer to drive out (b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chæa baåy, between two removable panels,

253
piston piston ring

i.e. between a bolt-on wing and Stromberg)

the body, to cover up the joint and z piston engine n. internal
to prevent water getting in; with combustion engine in which a
the piping inserted, only the round piston is displaced by thermal
bead along the upper edge of the expansion of gases; the concept
piping is visible: OÁng roong includes reciprocating engines and
piston n. the reciprocating element rotary engines, but is usually used
in a reciprocating piston engine: with reference to the common
Piston reciprocating engine: Ñoäng cô
piston bore n. diameter of the bore piston.
in the cylinder block in which the z piston extension screw n.
piston moves back and forth stroke limiting screw between the
between top dead centre (TDC) primary piston and secondary
and bottom dead centre (BDC) : piston stop: Vít chænh haønh trình
Ñöôøng kính piston. piston.
z piston charging pump n. either z piston head n. = PISTON
the function of the piston of the CROWN: Ñænh piston
two-stroke engine to pre-compress z piston land n. the raised
the fresh charge induced into the portion between two piston ring
crankcase, or a separate piston grooves: Gôø raõnh xeùc maêng.
used in earlier two-stroke engine z piston lifter n. pin in the base
designs to provide a supercharging of the piston chamber in an SU or
effect: Bôm naïp kieåu piston. Stromberg carburettor, used to
z piston (-type) compressor n. check the strength of the mixture
compressor in an air-conditioning and the free movement of the
system with one or more pistons piston: Choát kieåm tra löôïng hoãn
arranged in either an in-line, axial, hôïp vaø haønh trình cuûa piston
radial or V-configuration: Maùy (trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU vaø
neùn loaïi piston. Stromberg).
piston crown n. the end of the piston z piston material n. the
facing the valves: Ñænh piston materials from which pistons are
piston damper n. small damper piston made are grey cast or light alloys;
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor most light alloys consist of an
which attenuates the movement of aluminium-silicon alloy: Vaät lieäu
the large air piston in the venturi: laøm piston
Piston giaûm chaán (cheá hoaø khí). z piston pin n. US = GUDGEON
z piston diaphragm n. flexible PIN: Choát piston
membrane which displaces under piston ring n. one of usually three
pressure, imparting movement to metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston in a Stromberg the piston which seal the small
carburettor: Maøng truyeàn ñoäng clearance between the piston and
cho piston (boä cheá hoøa khí the cylinder wall: Xeùc

254
piston ring clamp pitch circle (PC)

maêng. dính piston (ruùp peâ)

piston ring clamp n. special piston skirt n. the part of a piston
automotive tool used for installing below the gudgeon pin and ring
pistons: Duïng cuï eùp xeùc maêng belt area; its temperature can
(khi raùp piston) reach 1300C: Thaân piston
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of a z piston slap n. audible noise
piston ring which mainly occur at caused by excessive piston play,
high engine speed and thus can which allows the piston to tilt in
cause breakage: Söï rung laéc BDC and TDC (when reversing
xecmaêng. the direction of motion): Söï va
z piston ring groove n. one of ñaäp cuûa piston (khi khe hôû lôùn)
the grooves round the top of a z piston speed n. speed of the
piston into which a piston ring fits: piston for a given engine rpm: Toác
Raõnh xecmaêng. ñoä piston.
z piston ring groove cleaner = z piston spring n. coil spring in
special automotive tool to remove an SU carburettor which
carbon and varnishes from piston counteracts the upward movement
grooves before installing piston of the piston: Loø xo piston giaûm
rings: Duïng cuï laøm saïch raõnh xeùc chaán (trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU).
maêng treân piston. z piston top n. = PISTON
z piston ring stop n. pin pressed CROWN: Ñænh piston
into the ring grooves of a two- z piston-valve engine n. two-
stroke engine in order to prevent stroke engine that relies on the
the rings from rotating, which ports in the cylinder walls to
would allow the open ends to control admission and exhaust of
become jammed in the ports: the air/ fuel mixture; it is not
Choát xeùc maêng (2 kyø) equipped with other control
piston rocking n. = PISTON SLAP elements such as rotary valves:
z piston rod n. (shock absorber) Ñoäng cô piston coù caùc (loã) van
rod which operates the piston in a treân thaønh xy lanh (2 kyø)
telescopic damper: Thanh ñaåy pitch n. (a) axial distance of
piston (oáng nhuùn). adjacent threads measured
z piston seal n. fluid seal on a between corresponding thread
disc brake caliper piston: Voøng points; the pitch of single-start
ñeäm kín piston (phanh). threads equals the lead: Böôùc
z piston seizure n. sudden ren.
stalling of the engine, caused by (b) parking space or site for a
the piston becoming stuck in the trailer, caravan, etc.: Nôi ñoã xe.
bore; this is often caused by pitch circle (PC) n. the
overheating or lack of lubrication circumference on which the
and often leaves severe score centres of the wheel bolt holes are
marks in the cylinders: Söï keït located: Quyõ ñaïo cuûa caùc oác baét

255
pitch circle diameter (PCD) planet gear

baùnh xe. PL = PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa

z pitch circle diameter (PCD) = ôû tay soá ñaäu.
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
holes for fixing the wheel to the friction bearing; most commonly
hub: Ñöôøng kính voøng troøn taâm used type of bearing: Baïc thau,
caùc oác baét baùnh xe. baïc loùt
pitman arm n. US = DROP ARM: z plain disc wheel n. wheel type
Ñoøn quay. without holes or slots in the wheel
z pitman shaft = ROCKER disc: Maâm baùnh xe khoâng loã
SHAFT: Truïc then ñoøn daãn planetary gear n. (starter motor) used
höôùng xuyeân qua boä baùnh raêng in some starters as an intermediate
tay laùi. transmission: Baùnh raêng haønh
pitot tube n. tube for measuring the tinh.
pressure and velocity of a fluid z planetary (gear) differential
flow; in some CVTs, used in n. planetary gear set used as a
conjunction with a valve differential with asymmetric
arrangement to control ratio torque distribution, as for 4wd
changes: OÁng ño aùp suaát vaø vaän vehicles: Vi sai söû duïng baùnh
toác doøng chaûy . raêng haønh tinh.
pits n. (a) cavities extending from z planetary gear set n.
the surface into the metal as a comprises a central externally
result of pitting corrosion : Hoác, toothed sun gear, an internally
loõm do gæ. toothed outer ring gear, and
(b) (at a motor racing circuit) several intermediate planet gears
place where a car stops for which are evenly spaced and
servicing, refuelling, tyre changes, supported by a planet carrier; they
etc.: Traïm tieáp teá cho xe ñua. are in constant mesh with the sun
z pitted a. (of contact breaker gear and the internal gear: Boä
points) eroded: Loõm,roã (vít löûa). baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
pitting n. surface damage to a metal z planetary transmission n. US
in the form of pits or holes: Söï laøm = EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hoäp
roã, söï laøm loõm (kim loaïi) soá baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
(NOTE: in the case of contact z planet carrier n. part which
breaker points the opposite is revolves around the central axis of
piling) a planetary gear set and supports
z pitting corrosion = corrosion the planet gears: Voøng mang cuïm
process resulting in pits: Söï aên roã baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
beà maët. z planet gear n. (automatic
pivot axis n. = SWIVEL AXIS: Truïc transmission) gear whose axis is
truï quay ñöùng. not stationary; it is supported by a
z pivot pin n. = KINGPIN: Truï planet carrier and revolves around
quay ñöùng (laùi) the central axis: Baùnh raêng haønh

256
planet pinion plate group

tinh. chamber, exhaust manifold,

z planet pinion n. = PLANET pistons, cylinder liners, valve train,
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh. etc. ): Ñoäng cô baèng chaát deûo.
z planet wheel n. = PLANET z plastic filler n. =
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh. POLYESTER FILLER
planishing n. final panel hammering z plasticize v. to soften a
stage for lifting out minor material to make it plastic or
imperfections in a panel surface; mouldable by heating, kneading,
part of the panel finishing process: or adding a plasticizer: Laøm cho
Söï goõ boùng. deûo.
z planishing hammer = panel z plasticizer n. an additive that
beater’s hammer: Buùa cuûa thôï goø gives flexibility to an otherwise
plasma spray process n. process in rigid plastic: Chaát laøm meàm deûo.
which a very high temperature plastics welding n. a uniting of
flame is produced by blowing gas thermo-plastic, i.e. non-setting
through an electric arc; metal wire plastics of similar or different type
or powder is melted by passage using heat and pressure and with
through the flame and is projected or without the addition of plastic of
on the surface to be coated: Qui a similar kind (filler material): Kyõ
trình haøn hôi. thuaät haøn chaát deûo.
plastic n. a material that contains as plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of
an essential ingredient one or metal: taám kim loaïi moûng
more organic polymeric substances (b) (battery) in each battery cell
of large molecular weight, is solid are two lead-alloy plates: one of
in its manufacture or processing lead peroxide (positive plate), the
into finished articles, can be other of spongy lead (negative
shaped by flow: Nhöïa, chaát deûo. plate); separators are placed
z plastic deformation n. between the plates of different
permanent change in the shape or polarity: baûn cöïc aéc quy.
size of a solid body without (c) (clutch) = DISC: Ñóa, taám,
fracture resulting from the baûng.
application of sustained stress 2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin
beyond the elastic limit: Söï laøm layer of another metal by
bieán daïng chaát deûo. electrolysis, chemical reaction,
z plastic engine n. an automobile etc.: Maï.
engine whose bulk is made of z plate grid n. (battery) = GRID:
plastic components (e.g. engine Taám coát baûn cöïc (aéc quy)
block, inlet manifold, water-pump z plate group n. assembly of
housing, valve covers, sump), the plates of identical polarity
use of metal being limited to parts (positive or negative) as used in a
subjected to extreme mechanical battery cell: Nhoùm taám baûn cöïc.
or thermal loads (e.g. combustion

257
plate strap plug whiskering

z plate strap n. (battery) the baïch kim

conducting connection between the play see FREE PLAY
lugs of plates of like polarity and plenum n. an enclosure than
the cell terminal: Thanh noái caùc containing air or gas at a higher
baûn cöïc cuøng daáu pressure than exists outside:
z plate support n. support at the khoang chöùa ñaày
bottom of a battery case on which z plenum chamber n. (a) (of
the elements rest; provides space induction system) usually a large
for the sediment chamber: Gaân ñôõ cast alloy body which connects the
baûn cöïc phía ñaùy aéc quy throttle body or inlet tube to the
plating n. (metal) coating: Maï. cylinder head(s) or inlet manifold:
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile, phaàn noái töø böôùm ga ñeán loã huùt
noble metal; atomic number 78, (b) (car body) air compartment
atomic weight 195.09; melting formed between the scuttle and
point at 17690C; main member of the bulkhead, providing a basis for
the so-called platinum metals; the interior air supply: Loã thoâng
together with other platinum khí salon
metals, is used as a catalyst in pliers n. gripping tool with two
automotive exhaust converters: hinged arms and serrated jaws:
Baïch kim. Kìm coù raêng
z platinum electrode n. (sparking plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals a
plug) an electrode made of hole: Nuùt bòt
platinum lasts longer than one of (b) male electrical connector:
nickel alloy as it can better Phích caém, ñaàu caém ñöïc.
withstand high temperatures: Ñieän (c) = SPARKING PLUG: Bougie.
cöïc baïch kim (bougie) 2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nuùt
z platinum metals n. generic laïi, chaën laïi.
term for a family of noble metals z plug gap n. hole in a tank or
found with and resembling cistern, which can be closed with a
platinum; including ruthenium, rubber plug: Khe hôû bougie.
rhodium, palladium, osmium, z plughole n. = SPARKING
iridium, and platinum; used as PLUG SPANNER: Tuyùp môû
catalysts in catalytic converters; bougie.
less than a tenth of a troy ounce is plug welding n. a number of holes
required per converter to produce are punched along the edge of the
acres of catalytically active repair section to be welded in; the
catalyst surface: Nhöõng kim loaïi section overlaps the damaged area
quyù cuøng vôùi baïch kim trong boä to be repaired and is welded to the
xuùc taùc. base metal at the punched holes:
z platinum sparking plug n. Vuøng ranh giöõa phaàn hö hoûng
sparking plug with a platinum caàn haøn vaø thuøng xe.
centre electrode: Bougie ñieän cöïc plug whiskering n. = GAP BRIDG-

258
plunger pole

ING: Muoäi than noái taét ñieän cöïc of pressure of the tyre contact
plunger n. (a) any immersing type patch; most apparent during
of piston: Piston daïng chìm cornering: Khoaûng caùch töø taâm
(b) hydraulic tappet component baùnh xe ñeán ñieåm tieáp xuùc maët
(e.g. in a valve): Piston con ñoäi ñöôøng.
thuûy löïc. z pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
(c) piston in a starter solenoid: filled with air under pressure: Loáp
Piston trong rôle caøi khôùp cuûa bôm hôi (NOTE: opposite is solid
maùy khôûi ñoäng tyre)
z plunger principle n. a new ABS pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
control system which offers type caliper for inside and outside
improved pressure modulation measurement up to about 100 mm
with very small amplitudes even at or 4 inch: Compa ño trong vaø ño
pressures close to zero: Heä thoáng ngoaøi loaïi nhoû
phanh ABS môùi vôùi boä ñieàu tieát pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
aùp suaát caûi tieán. behind the steering wheel: Phaàn
z plunger pump n. oil pump khung ñeå gaén tableau sau tay laùi
consisting of a reciprocating points n. = CONTACT BREAKER
plunger in a ported chamber: Bôm POINTS: Vít löûa.
nhôùt daïng piston z points file = thin, fine-toothed
plunging joint n. US = SLIDING file for cleaning and smoothing off
JOINT: Khôùp noái tröôït. the piles on contact breaker: Giuõa
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of vít löûa
cord (made from rayon, nylon, z points gap = gap between the
polyester or steel) which forms the contact breaker points when fully
basis of a tyre car-cass: Sôïi boá. open; measured with a feeler
z ply rating (PR) = index of load- gauge: Khe hôû vít löûa.
carrying capacity, giving the poke n. (informal) power or
maximum permitted load for a acceleration: Söï nhaán ga taêng
tyre: Phaân loaïi khaû naêng chòu taûi toác.
cuûa voû xe. polarity n. property of an electric
PM = PARTICULATE MATTER: haït system that has two points with
z PM trap = diesel particulate different electric potentials: Cöïc
filter: Loïc muoäi than trong diesel tính.
PMMA = POLYMETHYL polarization resistance n. the
METHACRYLATE transition resistance between the
p/n or PN = PART(S) NUMBER electrodes and the electrolyte; part
pneumatic suspension n. = AIR of the internal resistance of a
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo khí battery: Ñieän trôû chaát ñieän phaân
z pneumatic trail n. distance (aéc quy).
between a vertical line through the pole n. either of two points at which
centre of the wheel and the centre there are opposite electric charges

259
pole piece polyurethane paint

(positive or negative), as at the hardens by chemical reaction:

terminals of a battery: Ñieän cöïc, Nhöïa ñeå laøm nhaün thaân xe
cöïc. (matít)
z pole piece n. soft magnetic z polyester powder = powder
core of the inductive winding in a used for electrostatic powder
magnetic pick-up assembly; coating: Boät sôn tónh ñieän
stator: Loõi töø cuûa caûm bieán ñieän polyethylene (PE) n. a polymer
töø loaïi nam chaâm ñöùng yeân. prepared by the polymerization of
z pole shoe n. in an electrical ethylene as the sole monomer;
machine, such as a starter motor, a very resistant to chemical attack:
piece of soft iron mounted to the Nhöïa PE.
inside of the housing, surrounded polymer n. substance consisting of
by the field coils: Maù cöïc cuûa molecules characterized by the
maùy ñieän ( nôi quaán daây). repetition of one or more types of
polishing barrel n. barrel used for a monomeric units: Chaát cao phaân
polishing process in which the töû, polyme
aluminium surface is smoothed in z polymer alloy = a mixture of
the presence of metallic or two or more different compatible
ceramic shot by a rotating polymers: Hoãn hôïp nhieàu hôïp
movement of the barrel: Tang chaát cao phaân töû.
ñaùnh boùng. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
pollutant n. in the context of n.thermoplastic polymer derived
automotive emissions, pollutant from methylacrylate; transparent
typically refers to hydrocarbons, solid with excellent optical
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen qualities and weather resistance;
oxides: Chaát oâ nhieãm. typical automotive applications are
polycarbonate (PC) n. a polyester the lenses of rear lights: Mica
polymer in which the repeating (NOTE: also called Perspex)
structural unit in the chain is of the polypropylene (PP) n. an extremely
carbonate type; used for bumpers, versatile plastic, available in many
body and roof panels: Nhöïa PC. grades and also as a copolymer
polyellipsoidal headlight (PE head- (ethylene/ propylene): Nhöïa PP.
light) n. headlight with a gas z polyurethane (PUR) n.
discharge lamp and a thermoplastic material with high
polyellipsoidal reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu strength, good chemical and
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình abrasion resistance; used mainly
polyellipsoid. for foamed reaction injection
polyester filler n. body repair mouldings and for adhesives, such
material for smoothing dents in as for flush-bonded body glass:
body panels; includes a resin base Nhöïa Poliureâtan.
filler paste and a catalyst which is z polyurethane paint = type of
added to the base filler and two-pack paint based on

260
polyurethane powder port vacuum advance (PVA)

polyurethane substances: Sôn accessed from one side only: Choát

poliureâtan. riveâ baám baèng suùng.
z polyurethane powder = powder pop-up headlights n. =
used for electrostatic powder CONCEALED HEADLIGHTS:
coating: Boät poâliureâtan. Ñeøn pha xeáp.
z poly-V-belt n. drive belt with porcelain enamel n. US =
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the VITREOUS ENAMEL: Men thuûy
toothed belts used as timing belts, tinh.
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs pore n. small opening in a surface:
rather than transverse cogs; used Loã nhoû treân beà maët.
increasingly on new engines z porosity n. state or condition
instead of conventional V-belts: of being porous: Traïng thaùi xoáp.
Ñai hình chöõ V. z porous a. permeable to air or
z polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n. fluids: Xoáp (khoâng khí hay chaát
bolt plasticized and unplasticized loûng thaám qua ñöôïc).
PVC types are marked by good Porsche-type synchromesh n.
weathering resistance, and good sophisticated synchromesh
surface properties; they are self- technology depending on the
extinguishing: Nhöïa PVC. frictional forces by a spreading
poor opacity n. paint fault in which synchronizer ring: Boä ñoàng toác
the colour of underlying coats or Porsche
fillers remains visible through the port n. generally, any opening
topcoat; may be caused by through which air or fluid passes;
insufficient paint thickness, specifically, the opening in the
overthinning, etc.: Söï môø ñuïc cuûa cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
lôùp sôn (thaáy lôùp sôn loùt) the precision-made hole (jet) in the
poppet valve n. valve which pops wall of a carburettor barrel: Loã
open and shut in a reciprocating thoâng, cöûa (ñeå khoâng khí hoaëc
motion; consists of a valve stem chaát loûng ñi qua).
and disc; the typical valve type port area n. used to indicate the
used in engine cylinder heads: Suù cross-section area of the port of a
paùp two-stroke engine; this value is
(NOTE: also called mushroom one of the factors determining the
valve due to its shape) gas flow and the power of a two-
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet stroke engine: Maët caét loã thoâng
which initially has a hard steel pin (ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
passing through it; when the pop z port vacuum advance (PVA) n.
rivet is fitted with a pop rivet gun, a series of restriction devices
the head of the pin expands the between the distributor advance
inner end of the tubular rivet, unit and the carburettor advance
closing it; the head of the pin then port to ensure that there is no
snaps off; used when a joint can be vacuum advance during idle, but

261
port vacuum advance power-assisted steering

increasing ignition advance as the pothole n. deep hole in the surface

throttle opens: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm aùp of a road: OÅ gaø treân maët ñöôøng.
thaáp nhôø loã treân boä cheá hoaø khí. pot joint n. universal joint in which the
z port fuel injection (PFI) n. = rollers or balls can move freely in
MULTI-POINT INJECTION: an internally grooved cylinder:
Phun xaêng ña ñieåm Khôùp noái coù bi troøn hoaëc bi ñuõa
positive camber: Goùc camber döông. dòch chuyeån töï do.
z positive castor n. when an pour point n. the lowest
imaginary line extended through temperature at which an oil can be
the steering axis cuts the wheel poured: Nhieät ñoä thaáp nhaát maø
axis through the wheel centre: daàu coù theå chaûy (roùt)
Goùc castor döông powder slush moulding n.
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) processing technique applied to
n. introduced in 1963, PCV serves produce PVC skins: Kyõ thuaät taïo
to reduce emissions by recycling lôùp voû nhöïa treân chi tieát.
crankcase fumes and blow-by power 1 n. the rate at which energy
gases: Heä thoáng thoâng hôi cacte is converted into work: Coâng
z positive electrode n. (battery) suaát.
= POSITIVE PLATE: Ñieän cöïc 2 v. to provide power to: Caáp
döông (aéc quy) coâng suaát, trôï löïc.
z positive terminal n. red battery power-assisted brakes n. braking
terminal with a plus symbol system which uses a vacuum brake
indicating positive polarity: Cöïc booster (servo) to reduce the
döông pressure on the brake pedal: Heä
post n. (a) pillar between the roof thoáng phanh (phanh) coù trôï löïc
and the waistline; from front to z power-assisted steering (pas)
rear, there are A-, B-, C- , and D- n. steering system in which a
posts: Truï ñôõ. hydraulic pump powered by the
(b) = BATTERY POST: Coïc engine helps the driver to turn the
bình aéc quy. steering wheel: Heä thoáng laùi coù
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating trôï löïc.
after the engine is started to power brakes (pb) n. braking
prevent blue smoke and misfiring system that uses hydraulic or
during the warm-up phase: Xoâng vacuum or atmospheric pressure to
sau khôûi ñoäng provide most of the force required
z post-ignition n. ignition of the for braking: Phanh coù trôï löïc
air-fuel mixture after the electrical power closing n. = AUTOMATIC
ignition point: Söï baét löûa cuûa hoãn CLOSING SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
hôïp sau khi coù tia löûa ñoùng cöûa töï ñoäng.
pot n. (a) = CYLINDER: Xy lanh z power cut-off (switch) n. =
(b) = DASHPOT: Caùi giaûm chaán BATTERY MASTER SWITCH:
laøm caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng töø töø. Coâng taéc ngaét mass aéc quy

262
power brakes 264 prechamber

z power distribution n. specific cho caùc thieát bò phuï qua puly

drive torque distribution between truïc khuyûu.
front and rear axles in a 4WD z power train n. = DRIVE
system: Söï phaân phoái coâng suaát TRAIN: Heä thoáng ñoäng löïc (bao
(truyeàn ñoäng 4 baùnh) goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá).
z power hood n. convertible top z power valve n. valve in the
which is raised and lowered by an enrichment unit, used in some
electric motor: Mui xeáp (xe mui carburettors to provide a richer
traàn) ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän. mixture for extra power under
(NOTE: US English is electric certain conditions; in a typical
top) design, the power valve is a
z power seat n. seat whose vacuum-controlled ball-type check
back, height, thigh and lumbar valve: Van laøm ñaäm ñeå taêng coâng
support, etc. can be electrically suaát.
adjusted: Gheá ñieàu chænh baèng z power window (pw) n. US =
ñieän. ELECTRIC WINDOW: Cöûa kính
z powershift transmission n. US xe ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän
transmission which can be used z power window lock-out
without declutching or switch = switch that renders
decelerating: Hoäp soá sang soá inoperable all electric window
khoâng caàn ñaïp ly hôïp hoaëc giaûm controls on the individual windows,
toác. except for the master controls on
z power steering (ps) n. (a) the driver’s door: Coâng taét khoùa
completely hydraulic or caùc cöûa ñieän.
pneumatic steering system, PP = POLYPROPYLENE: Nhöïa PP.
allowing the driver little or no z PPO = POLYPHENYLENE
‘feel’ for the road; not used for OXIDE
road-going passenger vehicles (b) PR = PLY RATING
(informal) = POWER-ASSISTED prechamber n. (of indirect
STEERING: Trôï löïc laùi injectiondiesel engines) small
z power steering pump = pump upper chamber in the cylinder
which supplies hydraulic pressure head, connected to the main
for the power steering system: combustion chamber by a narrow
Bôm trôï löïc laùi passage; fuel is injected into the
power stroke n. downstroke of a prechamber (also called swirl
piston, the third stroke in a four- chamber) where it is ignited before
stroke cycle: Haønh trình sinh spreading to the main chamber:
coâng, thì noå Buoàng ñoát phuï, buoàng ñoát tröôùc
power take-off (PTO) n. using the pre-combustion engine n. US =
crankshaft or gearbox to drive INDIRECT INJECTION ENGINE:
ancillary equipment, such as a Ñoäng cô diesel phun giaùn tieáp (coù
pump or generator: Boä truyeàn löïc buoàng ñoát tröôùc)

263
pre-compress pressing plant

pre-compress v. to compress the ignition point: Söï chaùy sôùm.

fuel/ air/ oil mixture first: Neùn prelubricator n. lubrication system
tröôùc. consisting mainly of an
z pre-compression chamber n. electronically controlled pump that
chamber below the piston in a two- circulates pressurized engine oil to
stroke engine in which the an engine’s vital parts for about six
fuel/air/oil mixture is initially seconds when ignition is switched
compressed in order to enable on prior to starting of the engine;
more fresh charge to be fed into reduces friction during cold starts
the cylinder: Buoàng neùn phuï (2 and prolongs engine life: Söï boâi
kyø) trôn tröôùc khi khôûi ñoäng.
pre-converter vehicle n. a car built prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
prior to the enforcement of material already impregnated with
emission control standards a synthetic resin: Söï gia coá vaät
requiring a catalytic converter to lieäu.
be fitted to every new car: Xe preselector gearbox n. conventional
chöa laép boä xuùc taùc gearbox with a semi-automatic
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a change mechanism in which a gear
combination of Bendix and pre- is selected before the change is
engaged starter drives: Maùy khôûi initiated, the change being made
ñoäng vôùi baùnh raêng Bendix vaø by depressing the clutch or
khôùp gaøi tröôùc. auxiliary pedal: Hoäp soá baùn töï
z pre-engaged starter n. starter ñoäng (gaøi soá tröôùc khi soá ñöôïc
motor in which the solenoid- sang)
operated pinion engages with a preset station button n. button
flywheel ring gear before the full for tuning a radio automatically to
electric current flows; an a preset frequency, i. e. one radio
overrunning clutch enables the station can be allocated to each
pinion to freewheel before button: Nuùt nhôù ñaøi töï ñoäng
disengaging, once the engine has (radio)
fired: Maùy khôûi ñoäng gaøi khôùp z pressed panel n. panel
tröôùc (khi doøng ñieän qua ñeà) produced with special press tools
preheater system n. cold starting aid and dies, as opposed to a hand-
for diesel engines, consisting of made panel: Khung daäp.
glow plugs, a glow-control unit, z press fit n. condition of contact
and a glow plug and starter switch, between two parts that requires
for preheating the combustion pressure to force the parts
chamber or the intake air up to together: Söï laép raùp baèng aùp
auto-ignition temperature: Heä suaát.
thoáng xoâng tröôùc (Diesel). z pressing plant n. plant
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel specializing in the manufacture of
mixture prior to the electrical car bodies: Maùy daäp khung oâ toâ.

264
pressure accumulator pressure wave supercharger

pressure accumulator n. (usually) (b) (transmission) the part of the

spherical pressure tank of about 10 clutch assembly which is pressed
mm diameter in an hydraulic brake against the clutch plate by the
booster: Boä tích aùp. clutch springs to transmit the drive:
pressure differential switch n. Ñóa eùp trong ly hôïp.
hydraulic pressure-operated switch z pressure regulating valve n.
(often included in a combination (a) any valve which maintains
valve) which activates the ‘brake pressure at or under a certain
failure’ warning light when one of pressure; specifically the pressure
the brake circuits (in a dual-circuit relief valve of the oil pump (b) in
system) fails due to a system leak a continuous injection system, part
and associated pressure drop: of the fuel distributor, consisting
Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån ñeøn baùo basically of a spring-loaded steel
maát phanh. diaphragm which serves to keep
z pressure-feed spray gun n. the pressure drop across the
type of spray gun with a separate metering ports at a constant 0.1
paint container (pressure-feed bar: Van ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
tank); it is used mostly for spraying z pressure regulator n. regulator
highly viscous materials such as which governs the pressure of the
spray putty: Suùng sôn baèng aùp fuel delivered to the injectors by
suaát (bình chöùa sôn ñaët rôøi) the fuel pump: Boä ñieàu aùp
pressure limiting valve or US z pressure regulator valve n.
proportioning valve n. (a) any releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
valve which limits pressure in a exceeds a preset value: Van boä
system, e. g. in a hydraulic circuit, ñieàu aùp
in automatic transmissions, in z pressure relief valve n. valve
pneumatic suspension systems, etc. which opens at maximum safe
(b) specifically, the valve used in pressure and closes again
the rear brake line of some cars uponreturn to normal operating
with front disc and rear drum conditions; its main task is to
brakes: Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát. prevent the internal pressure of a
pressure lubrication n. (a) (of 4- component or a system from
stroke engines) = FORCED-FEED exceeding a certain set point: Van
LUBRICATION (b) (of 2-stroke giaûm aùp (an toaøn)
engines) lubrication system with z pressure wave n. pulsations of
crankcase scavenging: Boâi trôn oscillations in the induction and
cöôõng böùc exhaust systems caused by the
pressure plate n. (a) (brakes) the opening and closing of the valves:
plate carrying pad in a disc brake: Soùng aùp suaát trong oáng poâ
Boá phanh (phanh) (trong phanh z pressure wave supercharger =
(phanh) ñóa). COMPREX PRESSURE WAVE
(NOTE: also called backplate) SUPERCHARGER: Bôm taêng aùp

265
pressurized primary V-pulley

loaïi soùng aùp suaát. operates all the locks of the car:
z pressurized a. working under Khoùa cöûa trung taâm
pressure: Laøm vieäc döôùi aùp suaát z primary magnetic field n.
primary battery n. non-rechargeable magnetic field of the primary
battery consisting of one or more winding: Töø tröôøng cuûa cuoän daây
primary cells, used e.g. in portable sô caáp
radio receivers: Pin thöôøng z primary pattern n.
(khoâng naïp ñöôïc). oscilloscope pattern of the primary
(NOTE: opposite is secondary/ circuit: Daïng xung dao ñoäng cuûa
storage battery) maïch sô caáp.
z primary (catalytic) converter z primary piston n. main piston
n. small converter positioned close in a tandem master cylinder:
to the engine which quickly actives Piston chính (phanh)
the necessary operating z primary pump n. engine-driven
temperature to reduce exhaust oil pump feeding pressurized oil to
emissions during the warm-up the transmission and hydraulic
period: Boä xuùc taùc sô caáp. control system: Bôm chính tuyeàn
z primary cell n. electric cell ñoäng töø ñoäng cô caáp nhôùt cho
that converts chemical energy into hoäp soá vaø caùc heä thoáng thuyû löïc
electrical energy in an irreversible khaùc.
process; unlike a secondary cell, it z primary seal n. primary piston
cannot be recharged: Pin khoâng seal in a tandem master cylinder:
saïc ñöôïc Voøng ñeäm kín cuûa piston sô caáp
primary chain n. the chain of a trong xy lanh caùi (phanh).
primary drive: Xích truyeàn ñoäng z primary shaft n. = CLUTCH
chính. SHAFT: Truïc sô caáp
primary circuit n. circuit which z primary shoe n. US =
comprises the battery, the ignition LEADING SHOE: Maù phanh
switch, if ballasted the ballast chính
resistor, the primary winding of the z primary structure component
ignition coil, and if breaker- n. any structural component
triggered the contact breaker which, if it collapsed, could make
points: Maïch sô caáp (ñaùnh löûa) the car uncontrollable or would
z primary compression ratio n. seriously reduce occupant safety in
degree of compression achieved in a crash: Thaønh phaàn ñoùng vai troø
the crankcase area below the an toaøn khi ñuïng trong caáu truùc
piston of a two-stroke engine when chính cuûa khung xe.
the piston moves down and z primary valve n. valve which
compresses the mixture supplied controls the primary V-pulley: Van
into the crankcase: Tyû soá neùn ñieàu khieån puli sô caáp chöõ V
chính (2 kyø) z primary V-pulley n. (CVT)
z primary key n. key which pulley which is driven by the via a

266
primary winding production line

clutch; one of its halves can be slid by gravel, provides a smooth

hydraulically, thus varying the surface for the top paint coat, and
diameter of the steel thrust belt serves as an adhesion promoter:
track and changing the Lôùp sôn loùt.
transmission ratio: Puli chöõ V daãn printed circuit board (pcb) n. thin
ñoäng thoâng qua ly hôïp laøm thay plastic insulating board on one or
ñoåi ñöôøng kính ñeå thay ñoåi tyû soá both sides of which the
truyeàn. components and connections of an
z primary winding n. outer electronic circuit are formed by
winding of the ignition coil; etching in a metallic coating or
typically 200 turns of relatively electrodeposition: Baûng maïch in
strong wire: Cuoän daây sô caáp prise off v. to lever off: baåy ra, caïy
(NOTE: opposite is secondary ra.
winding) PRNDL = letters denoting the
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phuû positions on the gear selector of an
sôn loùt automatic gearbox, standing for:
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump) Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive,
with the necessary fluid before Low: P = Park, R = Reverse, N =
starting, in order to improve its Neutral, D = Drive, L = Low: Chöõ
sealing qualities: Moài bôm caùi kyù hieäu cuûa caùc tay soá ôû hoäp
(c) to put fuel in the float soá töï ñoäng.
chamber of a carburettor to ease (NOTE: Low may be divided into:
the starting of an engine: Moài 3, 2, 1)
xaêng (nhieân lieäu). probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
z primer n. first coat of paint long and thin to gain access to
applied to a bare surface; designed narrow cavities: Caùi que ño.
to provide a foundation for the Procon-ten n. safety system
subsequent coats and to ensure rust developed by Audi which makes
protection: Lôùp sôn loùt. use of the relative displacement of
z primer bath = bath containing the engine during a frontal
the primer: Boàn chöùa sôn loùt. collision; steel cables pull the
z primer filler = special primer steering wheel away from the
used to cover fine cracks: Lôùp sôn driver and increase the seat belt
treùt kín veát nöùt. tension : heä thoáng an toaøn xe
z primer oven = painting line Audi.
oven used to dry the coats of production car or model n. car
primer: Phoøng saáy sôn loùt. manufactured by a mass-
z primer surfacer = material for production process: xe saûn xuaát
the resilient coating underneath ñaïi traø
the top paint coat which provides z production line = system in
corrosion protection, protects the which the parts of an end product
paint system from chipping caused are transported by a conveyor past

267
profile prop up

a number of sites where the parts welding method: Phöông phaùp

are modified without stopping the haøn baám.
conveyor: Daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát. promoter n. substance embedded in
z profile n. (a) side view, shape the washcoat on catalyst substrates
or outline of an object: Bieân daïng that serves to enhance catalytic
(b) cross-section of a tyre: maët efficiency: chaát hoaït hoùa (hoùa
caét voû xe hoïc) trong boä xuùc taùc
z profile depth = TREAD propane n. colourless, flammable
DEPTH: Chieàu cao gai voû xe. gas used for cooking, heating and
programme comparison and as a fuel: Proâpan (khí khoâng
identification (PCI) n. (radio) maøu, khí deã chaùy, duøng laøm
system that identifies a programme nhieân lieäu)
(station) and compares propeller (pump) n. impeller of a
programmes so as to find the propeller pump, characterized by a
station which offers the strongest small number of blades of double
signal: So saùnh vaø nhaän daïng tín curvature; propellers are generally
hieäu soùng radio. axial-flow impellers, seldom
progressive carburettor n. = mixed-flow ones: Caùnh bôm
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR: z propeller shaft n. generally
Boä cheá hoøa khí vôùi caùnh böôùm applicable to the long, jointed shaft
gioù keùp. between the power unit and
z progressive transmission n. differential, usually mounted
transmission in which it is longitudinally from front to rear on
necessary to pass through the gear front-engine RWD vehicles: Truïc
ratios in a definite order; usage truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
today confined almost exclusively (NOTE: US English is drive shaft)
to motorcycles: Hoäp soá soá tôùi (xe proportional load synchromesh n.
gaén maùy) = LOCKING SYNCHROMESH:
projected core/ insulator nose n. Boä ñoàng toác coù khoùa
insulator tip that extends beyond z proportioning valve n. US =
the end of the sparking plug shell: PRESSURE LIMITING VALVE:
Ñaàu söù caùch ñieän bougie. Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát
z projected spark position n. prop shaft n. (informal)
amount the sparking plug gap =PROPELLER SHAFT: Truïc
projects into the combustion truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
chamber: 1mm for the slightly propulsive power n. the force with
projected spark position in older which a vehicle moves; the pulling
engines and 3 mm for the normally force; depends not only on engine
projected spark position in modern power and torque, but also on the
engines: Vò trí nhoâ ra cuûa ñaàu amount of friction between driving
bougie (trong buoàng ñoát). wheels and road surface: Löïc ñaåy
projection welding n. resistance prop up v. to fix the bonnet in the

268
protective coat(ing) pull-type clutch

open position using the bonnet to remove gears, bearings, pulleys,

support stay: Choáng ñôõ, ñôõ leân wheels and other parts from shafts
(naép ca-poâ ) by a pulling action: Caùi caûo
protective coat(ing) n. layer or pulley n. wheel with a grooved rim
layers applied to a surface to to carry a belt, chain or rope: Puli,
provide corrosion protection: Lôùp roøng roïc
sôn baûo veä. pull in v. to drive to the side of the
z protector washer n. filter disc road or into a lay-by, etc. (and
between the primary piston and stop): Gheù vaøo, taáp vaøo leà.
primary seal which supports and pulling beam n. hydraulic ram
protects the primary seal when the attached securely to the vehicle at
brake system is under pressure: strong points; pulling force is then
Voøng ñeäm baûo veä (phanh) applied to the pulling beam to pull
prototype n. a first full-scale and the frame or sheet metal back into
usually functional form of a new place: Maùy keùo khung xe (bò
type or design of a vehicle: ñuïng).
Nguyeân maãu, maãu ñaàu tieân cuûa z pulling post = post bolted to the
xe shop floor or fixed in a concrete
ps = POWER STEERING: Heä thoáng foundation which forms the
laùi coù trôï löïc . anchorage for the chain and
psi (short for) pound-force per hydraulic jack assemblies to
square inch, a measurement of straighten misaligned bodies: Coät
pressure: Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát truï ñeå neo daây xích vaø ñoäi thuyû
PTFE = POLYTETRAFLUORO- löïc khi naén khung.
ETHYLENE pull-in winding n. winding as used in
PTO = POWER TAKE-OFF a starter solenoid that does the
puckering n. (paint fault) = heavy pull-in work : Cuoän huùt
WRINKLING: Söï nhaên, neáp (maùy khôûi ñoäng).
nhaên cuûa lôùp sôn pull out v. (a) to drive away from
puddle lamp n. lamp in the bottom the side of a road: Phoùng ra (töø leà
of a luxury car door which ñöôøng)
illuminates the area into which a (b) to drive out from behind a
passenger is going to step when vehicle in front in order to
the door is opened: Ñeøn saøn xe overtake: Vöôït qua maët.
(taïi cöûa xe). z pull-out door handle n. door
z puddle welding n. = PLUG handle which is pulled away from
WELDING the door skin to open the door from
pull v. (vehicle) to deviate towards the outside: Tay naém môû cöûa beân
the side: Keùo, loâi. ngoaøi.
pull away v. to drive away from a pull over v. to drive to the side of
standing start: chuyeån baùnh. the road (and stop): Gheù vaøo leà.
puller n. special automotive tool used pull-type clutch n. clutch in which

269
pull up pushrod measuring tool

the clutch release bearing is pulled rotating components, such as

away from the flywheel when the rotating bearing and shaft sealing
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi parts: roâto cuûa bôm ly taâm
baïc ñaïn keùo. z pump shaft n. shaft which
pull up v. to stop: Döøng laïi. transmits the driver torque to the
pulse air principle n. in air impeller(s) of centrifugal pumps or
induction system the method of to the displacement element(s) of
introducing secondary air into the rotary pumps: Truïc bôm
exhaust system by means of punch n. tool for making holes or
aspirator valves actuated by the driving out bolts, rivets and pins:
pressure pulses of the exhaust gas Caùi ñoät loã, caùi ñuïc
stream: Nguyeân taéc duøng dao puncture n. hole in a tyre made by a
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khí vaøo oáng sharp object and causing loss of air
thaûi pressure: loã thuûng loáp xe
z pulse former or shaper n. punt chassis n. = BACK CHASSIS:
circuit for changing the waveform Khung xe phía sau.
of a signal: Maïch thay ñoåi daïng PUR = POLYURETHANE: Loaïi
xung. nhöïa toång hôïp duøng cheá taïo sôn
z pulse generator n. = PICK- purge v. to get rid of impurities:
UP MODULE: Maùy phaùt xung, Loïc, laøm trong saïch.
caûm bieán ñieän töø. push bar n. bar between the shoes in
pump 1 n. machine that transforms a drum brake: Caøng ñaåy choáng
mechanical energy generated by a phanh
prime mover into the energy of a z pushrod n. (a) steel or
moving fluid: Maùy bôm aluminium rod linking the tappet to
2 v. to add kinetic and potential the rocker arm in overhead valve
energy to a liquid for the purpose (OHV) engines: Ñuõa ñaåy coø suù
of moving it from one point to paùp
another: Bôm (b) rod which actuates the primary
pump-fed lubrication n. = FORCED- piston in a master cylinder or
FEED LUBRICATION: Boâi trôn power brake: Caàn ñaåy (xylanh
baèng bôm, boâi trôn cöôõng böùc caùi).
z pumping chamber n. = z pushrod engine = OVERHEAD
PRECOMPRESSION CHAMBER: VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù suù
Buoàng bôm paùp treân naép maùy.
z pump power output n. the z pushrod measuring tool = tool
energy transferred by a pump to which measures the length of
the liquid pumped: Coâng suaát pushrod needed in an engine; a
phaùt ra cuûa bôm pushrod of proper length is vital to
z pump rotor n. a centrifugal keep the rocker in the centre of the
pump assembly consisting of the valve, minimize the risk of
pump shaft, impeller and further breakage and extend the valve

270
push start pw

guide life: Duïng cuï ño ñuõa ñaåy coø z PVC seam sealing = the sealing
suù paùp . of seams with PVC sealant to
z push start n. = BUMP START: prevent the penetration of
Khôûi ñoäng baèng trôùn xe. corrosive agents: Söï laøm kín
z push-type clutch n. nhöõng ñöôøng noái baèng nhöïa
conventional clutch in which the PVC.
clutch release bearing is pushed z PVC tape = INSULATING
towards the flywheel when the TAPE: Baêng keo caùch ñieän
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi z PVC underbody treatment =
baïc ñaïn ñaåy treatment of the under of a vehicle
putty n. special paste used for to protect it from chipping due to
repairing minor panel gravel or stones and corrosive
imperfections, e.g. chips or agents: Phöông phaùp baûo veä saøn
scratches on the filled surface; it is xe baèng nhöïa PVC.
used after normal filling and gives z PVC underseal (coating) =
an extremely smooth surface: Keo protective PVC coating applied to
treùt. the underbody of a vehicle: Lôùp
z putty knife = tool for scraping sôn loùt döôùi saøn baèng nhöïa PVC.
off dirt, carbon, and paint or for pw = POWER WINDOW(S): Kính
applying putty: Dao caïo keo, sôn, ñieän.
buøn.
PVA = PORTED VACUUM
ADVANCE
PVC = POLYVINYL CHLORIDE:
Nhöïa PVC

271
Q quill shaft

Qq

Q letter on the sidewall of a tyre quartz envelope: Boùng ñeøn thaïch

denoting the maximum speed for anh - halogen
which it is designed (160 km/h or z quartz tuning system (QTS) n.
100 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ quartz- controlled tuning system
toác ñoä toái ña 160 km/h with digital tuning and frequency
QTS = QUARTZ TUNING SYSTEM: display; uses micro-processor-
Heä thoáng doø ñaøi töï ñoäng trong controlled PLL circuitry: Heä doø
radio ñaøi töï ñoäng trong radio
quad-cam engine n. engine with four quattro (Italian for) four; indicates
camshafts: Ñoäng cô 4 truïc cam that a car has four-wheel drive:
quadrant n. (a) (transmission) guide Xe 2 caàu chuû ñoäng (YÙ)
which indicates the position of the quench v. (spark) to damp or
gear selector of an automatic suppress: Taét, nguoäi, trui
gearbox: Baûng baùo vò trí caøi soá z quench zones n. those parts within
(b) (steering) the V-shaped the combustion chamber of an
toothed section of a worm-and- engine where the temperature of
section steering box: phaàn raêng the A/F mixture is lower than
daïng chöõ V cuûa baùnh vít trong necessary for optimum
hoäp laùi combustion, due to contact with
quarter bumper n. type of shortened the relatively cold metal surface;
bumper designed to give a car a incomplete combustion in the
sporting image: Thanh caûn ngaén quench zones is one of the two
gaén theâm ñeå xe coù daùng theå thao major factors contributing to HC
quarter-elliptic leaf spring n. and CO concentrations in the
cantilevered half of a semi-elliptic exhaust gas: Vuøng laïnh trong
leaf spring, rigidly attached to a buoàng chaùy
vehicle at its major section and quick take-up valve n. residual
carrying the axle at its end pressure valve with relief hole in
section: Laù nhíp daïng moät phaàn a brake master cylinder: Van caét
tö elip aùp suaát dö (phanh)
quarter panel n. rear section of the quill shaft n. hollow shaft: Truïc
body shell which incorporates the roãng
rear wing and usually also the C-
pillar: Truï ñôõ khung cöûa phía
sau
quartz-halogen bulb n. high intensity
headlight bulb with a trace of a
halogen gas (such as iodine) in a

272
R radial tyre

Rr
R (a) = REVERSE : Tay soá luøi R z rack galvanizing n.
(b) letter on a fuel gauge galvanizing method for objects
indicating low fuel; when first which can be placed on a rack:
illuminated it indicates that there Maï keõm vôùi caùc chi tieát ñaët treân
is approximately five litres left in thanh raêng
reserve: Kyù töï treân ñoàng hoà ño rad (short for) radiator: Boä taûn nhieät,
nhieân lieäu chæ möïc nhieân lieäu keùt nöôùc
thaáp radial bearing n. bearing designed to
(c) letter on the sidewall of a tyre absorb the radial forces acting on
denoting the maximum speed for a pump: OÅ bi thieát keá ñeå giaûm
which it is designed (170 km/h or löïc xuyeân taâm trong bôm
105 mph): Kyù töï treân caïnh voû xe z radial clearance n. =
chæ toác ñoä toái ña 170 km/h RADIAL PLAY: Khe hôû xuyeân
RAC = ROYAL AUTOMOBILE taâm
CLUB: Caâu laïc boä xe oâtoâ hoaøng z radial engine n. multi-cylinder
gia engine in which the cylinders
race 1 n. inner or outer cylindrical radiate from a central crankshaft:
ring holding the balls or rollers in Ñoäng cô hình sao
an antifriction: Voøng reá oå bi z radial-flow pump n. end-
2 v. (engine) to run at high speed suction centrifugal pump with the
when not in gear: Cho ñoäng cô liquid flowing perpendicular to the
chaïy ôû toác ñoä cao (khoâng caøi soá) pump shaft: Bôm höôùng taâm.
z racing start n. a start on a z radial play n. bearing clearance
normal street, e. g. at traffic lights, in the radial direction: Khe hôû
using excessive throttle resulting baïc loùt theo höôùng taâm
in wheelspin and tyre screeching: z radial runout n. variation in
Söï tröôït baùnh xe khi xuaát phaùt the radius of the tyre tread from
maø ñaïp ga gaáp the wheel axis, making the tyre no
rack n. long, toothed bar: Thanh longer truly round; one of the
raêng main causes of vehicle vibration:
z rack-and-pinion steering n. Ñoä ñaûo höôùng taâm.
steering system in which a pinion radial shaft seal n. typical seal design
on the end of the steering shaft used to prevent leaks between
meshes with a rack of gear teeth stationary parts and rotating shafts
on the major crossmember of the and to exclude foreign matter: Caùi
steering linkage: Cô caáu laùi phoát laøm kín truïc quay.
thanh raêng – baùnh raêng radial tyre n. tyre in which the plies
(NOTE:opposite is parallelogram are placed radially, or
steering) perpendicular to the rim, with a
circumferential belt on top of

273
radiator Radio Data System (RDS)

them; the rubber tread is the radiator grille; often combined

vulcanized on top of the belt and with the front apron to from a
plies: Voû xe coù boá quaán kieåu single front panel: Ñöôøng vieàn
höôùng taâm. bao quanh væ keùt nöôùc
radiator n. liquid-to-air heat z radiator hose n. rubber pipe
exchanger that transfers engine connecting the radiator to the
heat to the outside air; consists of cylinder block: OÁng cao su meàm
many thin-walled tubes with metal daãn nöôùc töø keùt qua ñoäng cô vaø
cooling fins that draw off heat ngöôïc laïi.
from the liquid (predominantly z radiator hose shark tooth
water) inside them: Boä taûn nhieät, pliers = special automotive tool
keùt nöôùc for removing and installing
z radiator cap n. pressure cap at radiator and heater hose; round
the top of the radiator: Naép keùt and toothed jaws securely grip the
nöôùc hose whilts the handles provide
z radiator drain cock n. leverage to twist the hose free:
radiator tap; unlike the radiator Kìm boùp oáng keùt nöôùc
drain plug, tools are not required z radiator support panel n.
to drain the coolant from a panel located behind the radiator
radiator with a drain cock: Voøi xaû grille surround which provides a
keùt nuôùc mounting for the radiator and
z radiator drain plug = connects the mudguard skirts at
threaded closure plug located at their front edge: Taám (giaù) ñôõ keùt
the underside of a radiator used to nöôùc.
drain the coolant; usually radiator tank n. reservoir containing
equipped with a hex or Allen the coolant in a radiator: Bình
head: OÁc xaû keùt nöôùc nöôùc phuï
radiator fan n. (of water-cooled radio / cassette deck (r/c) n.
engine) crankshaft-driven fan combined radio and tape deck:
connected via a temperature- Ngaên chöùa radio cassette.
sensitive viscous coupling, or z radio choke n. electric coil
driven by an electric motor: Quaït used to prevent static in the radio
laøm maùt keùt nöôùc caused by opening and closing of
z radiator fan motor = the contact points in the
electrically operated motor instrument voltage regulator:
responsible for driving the Cuoän daây choáng nhieãu.
radiator fan: Moâtô quaït keùt nöôùc z Radio Data System (RDS) n.
radiator grille n. grating that admits system which interrupts a radio
cooling air to the radiator: Væ keùt broadcast with the latest
nöôùc information on e. g. traffic
z radiator grille surround n. problems: Heä thoáng ngaét soùng
sheet metal panel for mounting radio ñeå baùo keït xe.

274
radio frequency interference Ravigneaux planetary gear set

z radio frequency interference the ratchet releases in one

(RFI) n. interference generated direction, but catches in the other:
by the ignition system and other caàn sieát 2 chieàu.
electrical apparatus; counteracted z ratchet adaptor = converts a
by suppressors: Nhieãu radio do torque wrench or drive handle
soùng ñieän töø without a ratchet mechanism into
radius arm or rod n. additional a reversible ratchet tool: Boä phaän
suspension link in a beam axle chuyeån caàn sieát 1 chieàu thaønh 2
layout providing fore-and-aft chieàu
location of the axle: Thanh ñaåy z ratchet handle = RATCHET:
phuï cuûa heä thoáng treo (thanh Con coùc.
kim loaïi ñöôïc laép vaøo hai beân z ratchet screwdriver =
caàu xe vaø söôøn xe ñeå giöõ ñuùng vò screwdriver with ratchet
trí naèm ngang cuûa caàu xe) mechanism: Tua nô vít coù baùnh
rain channel n. : Raõnh thoaùt nöôùc coùc
möa. rated capacity n. the quantity of
rake (angle) n. angle of a slope, e. electricity which can be drawn
g. caster angle: Goùc nghieâng from a fully charged-battery for
ramp n. (a) equipment used to 20 hours by a constant discharging
support a vehicle's front or rear for current until cutoff voltage of 1.75
underbody work: Con ñoäi cheát volts per cell is reached: Dung
(b) device used to raise a vehicle löôïng ñònh möùc cuûa aéc quy.
in the air: Caàu naâng. z rated power n. the horsepower
z 2-post ramp / 4-post ramp: (or kilowatt) power output of an
Caàu naâng 2 truï / 4 truï engine: Coâng suaát ra cuûa ñoäng
ram pressure n. pressure generated cô.
by the deflection of the fluid flow z rated voltage n. the voltage
due to the curvature of the stator give for electrical equipment or
blades, resulting in a momentum devices which refers to specified
acting on the turbine: Aùp suaát taïo operating conditions: Ñieän aùp
ra do söï leäch höôùng doøng chaûy ñònh möùc.
(tuoácbin) rationalization n. industrial
range-change n. = AUXILIARY reorganization primarily aimed at
GEARBOX: Hoäp soá phuï a more cost-effective and time-
ratchet n. (a) toothed rack or wheel saving production process: Söï hôïp
which is engaged by a lever to lyù hoùa saûn xuaát
permit motion in one direction rat-tail file n. (informal) round file:
only: Con coùc, baùnh coùc (chaïy 1 Giuõa troøn.
chieàu) Ravigneaux planetary gear set n.
(b) drive handle with ratchet comprises two sun gears of
mechanism that permits the socket different diameters, one internal
to rotate in one direction only, i. e. gear, and several planet : Boä

275
raw exhaust gas rear cabin pillar

baùnh raêng haønh tinh electro-hydraulic clutch or a

Ravigneaux. viscous coupling incorporated in
raw exhaust gas n. exhaust gas the drive train: Truyeàn ñoäng 4
upstream of any emission control baùnh töï ñoäng qua ly hôïp ñieän-
device, e. g. before it passes thuyû löïc hoaëc khôùp nhôùt.
through a catalytic concerter: Khí ream v. to enlarge (e. g. worn valve
thaûi chöa xöû lí. guides) with a reamer: Khoan,
z raw rubber n. natural rubber xoaùy roäng theâm
which has been vulcanized: Cao z reamer n. conically or
su thoâ cylindrically shaped tool with
r/ c = RADIO / CASSETTE (DECK): longitudinally cut teeth for manual
Ngaên chöùa radio casset. or machine operation, used for
RDS = RADIO DATA SYSTEM precision finishing of bores: Dao
reach n. (sparking plug) distance xoaùy xy lanh
from the sealing washer to the end rear 1 n. the back: Phía sau, ñaèng
of the thread: Chieàu daøi ren ñaàu sau
bougie. 2 a. at the back: ÔÛ phía sau nhö
reaction distance n. the time needed caàu sau, choã ngoài sau
to respond to a situation, z rear apron = REAR
translated into the distance VALANCE
required for this, depending on the z rear axle cross member n.
speed of travel; braking distance tubular frame member at the rear
plus reaction distance equals the of the body shell that incorporates
stopping distance: Thôøi gian ñaùp the mounting points for the rear
öùng phanh axle, e. g. on the VW Beetle and
reaction injection moulding (RIM) the Porsch 911: Thanh ngang caàu
n. processing technique for the sau.
production of large foamed z rear (axle) differential n.
(automotive) components, based differential situated in the final
on the simultaneous injection of drive of the transmission assembly
the liquid components and the in a conventional rearwheel drive
chemical reaction in the mould: car: Boä vi sai caàu sau
Kyõ thuaät xöû lyù khi saûn xuaát z rear bulkhead n. vertical
nhöõng chi tieát chaát deûo baèng panel across the width of the car
phöông phaùp eùp khuoân that extends behind the rear seat
z reactive suspension n. = backrest and separates the interior
ELECTRONIC RIDE CONTROL from the trunk: Vaùch ngaên giöõa
z reactor one-way clutch n. = gheá sau vaø ngaên ñeå ñoà
STATOR ROLLER CLUTCH z rear bumper skirt n. rear
real-time four-wheel drive n. bumper with integral skirt; a large
automatic four-wheel drive plastic mounting: Thanh caûn sau
engagement by means of an z rear cabin pillar n. C-

276
rear end rear valance

PILLAR: Truï ñôõ cabin phía sau the bottom of the body; in many
z rear end n. the rear part of the designs, however, the rear
body shell, extending valance is a separate horizontal
approximately from the rear seat panel that extends from the rear
pan to the rear apron of the bumper area downwards: Panoâ
car,incorporating the boot floor: phía sau.
Ñuoâi xe. (NOTE: US English is back
z rear engine n. engine located panel)
at the rear of a vehicle but outside rear seat belt n. inertia reel belt
the wheelbase (i. e. behind rear fitted at each end of the rear seats;
wheels): Ñoäng cô ñaët phía sau a passeng erriding in the middle of
z rear fog light or lamp n. red the rear seats must be satisfied
light of the same intensity as a with just a lap belt, which many
brake light: Ñeøn söông muø ñaèng safety experts regard as
sau inadequate: Daây ñai an toaøn choã
z rear-hinged door n. older type ngoài phía sau
of door construction that had the z rear side window n. may refer
hinges at the rear of the door: to various types of side body
Cöûa baûn leà phía sau glass; the side window between
z rear lamp cluster n. group of the B- and C- posts of two-door
lights at the rear corner of a saloons, the rearmost side window
vehicle, commonly comprising: of estate cars between the C- and
tail lamp, brake lamp, reversing D-post, i. e. behind the rear seat
lamp, rear fog lamp, reflector, backrest, and the third side
direction indicator: Cuïm ñeøn sau window found on some four-door
z rear light surround n. saloons behind the rear side
separate panel spot-welded at the doors: Cöûa hoâng phía sau
juncture between the trailing edge z rear spoiler n. aerofoil
of the rear wing and the rear mounted on the rear deck,
valance to provide a mounting typically made of shock-resistant
base for the rear lights: Ñöôøng polyurethane with paintable matt
vieàn bao quanh ñeøn sau black finish; effective only at high
z rear numberplate light or speeds, but frequently used for the
lamp n. while light illuminating sake of appearance: Thanh khí
the rear nemberplate: Ñeøn baûng ñoäng ôû ñuoâi xe
soá phía sau xe rear valance n. separate panel set
z rear panel n. the panel of the below the rear panel which
body shell set underneath the extends approximately from
bootlid; sometimes referred to as behind the rear bumper
the rear valance if the area below downwards to protect the rear end
the bootlid consists of a single from splashes of mud: Taám che
panel only that extends down to buøn sau.

277
rear-view mirror receiver

z rear-view mirror n. mirror that Veø baùnh sau

enables the driver to see what is reboard (system) n. child restraint
behind him/her without turning system typically installed
round: Göông chieáu haäu beân backwards on the front passenger
trong seat and having the benefit that
(NOTE: although all the driver's the child's relatively heavy head is
mirrors are rear-view, this usually pressed into the back of the child
refers to the interior mirror) seat instead of being displaced
z rear wash / wipe (system) n. forward in a frontal: Gheá baûo veä
electrical system for cleaning the treû em ñaët ñoái dieän vôùi gheá haønh
rear window, comprising a water khaùch tröôùc
pump, reservoir and wiper: Heä rebore 1 n. regrinding cylinder
thoáng gaït xòt nöôùc kính sau bores: Söï xoaùy laïi (xy lanh)
rear-wheel drive (RWD) n. 2 v. to regrind worn or damaged
configuration in which the rear cylinder bores before fitting
wheels of the vehicle are driven: oversize pistons: Xoaùy laïi xy lanh
truyeàn ñoäng baùnh sau rebound clip n. metal clip that holds
z rear-wheel drive transaxle = the leaves of a multi-leaf spring
rear-wheel drive construction together: Ngaøm nhíp
incorporating a transmission- z rebound stroke n. (shock
differential unit placed between absorber) downstroke of a piston
the rear wheels of a front-engined in a spring damper : Haønh trình
car: Transaxle (hoäp soá vaø caàu) ñi xuoáng cuûa piston trong boä
daønh cho xe caàu sau chuû ñoäng. giaûm xoùc
z rear window n. central rebuild v. to recondition: Taân trang,
window at the rear of a vehicle: laøm laïi maùy
Kính phía sau (NOTE: US z rebuilt engine = engine
English is backlight) reassembled using either new
z rear window heating = heating parts or reconditioned
element that demists inside and components: phuïc hoài ñoäng cô.
de-ices outside: Xoâng kính sau. recap (US and Australia) =
(NOTE: US English is backlight RETREAD: Loáp xe ñaép laïi (taân
heater system) trang voû xe)
z rear window louvers = plastic receiver n. (a) (e. g. of radio remote
molding attached to the rear control system device that
window which deflects sun rays to receives incoming electrical or
keep the interior cool; usually radio signals: Boä phaän thu tín
hinged to lift up for easy window hieäu trong ñieàu khieån töø xa
cleaning: Taám che naéng phía (NOTE: opposite is transmitter)
sau. (b) (trailer towing) steel tubing
z rear wing n. body panel which and channel structure that accepts
partially encloses a rear wheel: the ball-mount platform of a

278
receiver-drier red lead

removable trailer coupler: Khôùp reduce friction: Heä thoáng laùi coù
noái rô mooùc baùnh vít vaø ñai oác di chuyeån aên
z receiver-drier n. device on khôùp vôùi nhau, giöõa coù bi di
the high side of an air- chuyeån
conditioning system, somewhere reconditioned engine or (informal)
between the condenser and the recon n. worn engine that has
expansion valve, which stores been given a new lease of life by
excess refrigerant and removes reboring the cylinders, regrinding
moisture from the refrigerant; the crankshaft journals and
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying generally replacing anyworn or
agent, a pick-up tube, and, on damaged parts: Ñoäng cô ñaõ ñaïi tu
some units, a sight glass: Loïc ga recreational vehicle (RV) n. any
(trong heä thoáng laïnh) vehicle used for pleasure rather
recessed spark position n. position than business or transport (e. g.
where the spark gap is actually in dune buggies): Xe phuïc vuï giaûi
the shell of the sparking plug; trí
used for racing and special rectangular-section ring n.
engines: Vò trí tia löûa ngang compression ring with a
trong loaïi bougie ñaëc bieät cho xe rectangular cross-section:
ñua Xeùcmaêng coù maët caét hình chöõ
rechargeable battery n. = nhaät
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin saïc z rectangular headlamp n.
reciprocating compressor n. a modern shape of headlamp as
positive displacement compressor opposed to the traditional circular
with reciprocating pistons; rarely headlamp: Ñeøn ñaàu hình chöõ
used for supercharging, more nhaät
frequently used for air rectifier diode n. (in alternator)
conditioning: Maùy neùn coù pittoâng semiconductor diode that converts
chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán alternating current to direct
z reciprocating engine n. current: Ñioât chænh löu
engine with a piston that moves to z rectifier pack n. (of alternator)
and fro, coming to a standstill at diode heat sink with diodes: Væ
each reversal: Ñoäng cô coù taûn nhieät boä chænh löu.
pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán recycling car n. a car built with
z reciprocating pump n. = recycled materials and designed
PISTON CHARGING PUMP: so as to facilitate recycling: Xe
Bôm pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh cheá taïo baèng vaät lieäu taùi cheá
tieán red lead n. poisonous, bright-red
recirculating ball steering n. special powder, soluble in excess glacial
version of the worm-and-nut acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric
steering in which ball bearings acid; used for corrosion
circulate between nut and worm to protection: Oxit chì maøu ñoû duøng

279
red line reference mark sensor

ñeå sôn loùt. flexible steel, or of glass fibre

red line n. on a tachometer, the top reinforced resin, attached to the
speed range which is marked red valve case and normally closed:
as sign of excssive engine Löôõi gaø (trong van löôõi gaø)
speeds:Möùc baùo ñoäng vöôït quaù reed stop n. component of a reed
toác ñoä cho pheùp treân ñoàng hoà valve used to limit upward travel
toác ñoä ñoäng cô. of the reed: Beä löôõi gaø (giôùi haïn
reducer n. solvent used to dilute haønh trình löôõi gaø)
synthetic enamels but not reed valve n. control element which
compatible with lacquer paints: allows the passage of an operating
Chaát taåy men toång hôïp medium into or out of a chamber:
reducing agent n. (in chemical Van löôõi gaø.
reactions) material which adds z reed valve induction timing =
electrons to an element or using a reed valve located in the
compound, i. e. which increases intake system to control induction
the positiveness of its valence: timing: Ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm huùt
Chaát khöû baèng van löôõi gaø.
z reducing catalyst n. a catalyst reface v. general term for
such as rhodium which converts reconditioning of the interface
nitrogen oxides into harmless between valves and their seats in
nitrogen and oxygen in a reducing the cylinder head; depending on
catalytic converter: Chaát xuùc taùc valve seat condition, refacing may
khöû oxyt nitô trong boä xuùc taùc involve lapping, grinding or
z reducing furnace n. section in cutting: Raø laïi, maøi laïi ñeá suù paùp.
continuous galvanizing lines in reference ignition pattern n.
which the oxygen content of steel oscilloscope pattern of an intact
surfaces is reduced at 900 - 980 ignition system for comparison
°C by means of hydrogen: Loø purposes: Daïng xung chuaån ñaùnh
giaûm haøm löôïng oxy treân beà maët löûa vít duøng ñeå so saùnh.
theùp baèng hydro trong daây z reference input n. in closed-
chuyeàn maï loop control, the reference input is
z reduction n. chemical reaction fed to a controller that changes a
in which an element gains controlled variable in a controlled
electrons, i. e. , has an increase in system to achieve a certain output
positive valence: Söï khöû. condition or actual value: Giaù trò
reduction gearbox n. gearbox so saùnh (ñieàu khieån kín)
located at the wheels, which z reference mark sensor n.
reduces the drive speed and may magnetic pick-up attached to the
also increase ground clearance; flywheel for sensing the
often found on 4wd off-road crankshaft position and
vehicles: Hoäp soá giaûm toác transferring the signal to the
reed n. part of reed valve made of electronic control unit, which

280
reference temperature registration

calculates the ignition point; the Freon systems as well as the

reference mark sensor scans a pin refrigerant R-12 (Freon) as a heat
or a hole in the flywheel and transfer medium: Moâi chaát laøm
produces one output signal per laïnh, laõnh chaát
crankshaft revolution: Caûm bieán z refrigerant accumulator =
vò trí truïc khuyûu (thöôøng naèm ACCUMULATOR-DRIER: Loïc
treân baùnh ñaø) ga
z reference temperature n. the refrigeration cycle n. (in air-
temperature at which measuring conditioning systems) refrigerant
tools and pieces being worked on in vapour from is pressurized in
must have the specified the compressor, air-cooled in the
measurements unless the contrary condenser and becomes a liquid
is expressly stated: Nhieät ñoä which passes through the
chuaån ñeå so saùnh. receiver-drier into low-pressure
z refinish system n. complete liquid. It then flows through the
product lines and product support evaporator where it expands again
offered by many paint and starts to boil, absorbing heat
manufacturers for respray from the core and cooling the air
operations in body shops; these going into the passenger
onclude all materials from primers compartment. The compressor
and thinners to the topcoat plus draws off the low-pressure
additional respray products; all vaporized refrigerant and recyles
products are matched for optimum it: Chu trình laøm laïnh
results: Cuïm daây chuyeàn sôn regenerative braking n. system in
reflectance n. ratio of reflected which an electric motor can be
luminous flux to that reflected switched to generator mode when
from an ideal, perfectly reflecting braking, so that the kinetic energy
surface when similarly involved may be stored in the
illuminated: Heä soá phaûn xaï aùnh battery: Haõm ñieän ñoäng cho
saùng ñoäng cô ñieän (bieán thaønh maùy
z reflector n. (a) part of a phaùt luùc haõm)
headlamp which receives light register (with) v. to align with:
from the bulb and reflects it back Thaúng haøng
through the lens: Choùa ñeøn pha registered keeper n. the person who
(b) part of a rear lamp cluster keeps the car. i. e. who is
which reflects the light from registered and pays tax (and
headlamps behind: Taám phaûn insurance) for the car; not
chieáu aùnh saùng ôû ñuoâi xe necessarily the same as the owner
refrigerant n. (in air-conditioning or the driver: Ngöôøi ñaêng kyù xe
sustems) substance used in z registration n. act of entering
refrigerating systems; automotive the details of a new vehicle in a
air conditioners now use non- supervised record: Söï ñaêng kyù (oâ

281
registration document reline

toâ) ñoäng
z registration document = (b) (electronics) electrical device
papers giving details of a vehicle, in which a small change in current
including its manufacturer, date of or voltage controls the switching
registration, engine and chassis on or off of circuits or other
numbers, and owner's name: Theû devices: Rô le
ñaêng boä xe release agent n. a substance to
z registration number = unique prevent a moulding, i. e. a GRP
sequence of letters and numbers part, from sticking to the mould
assigned to a vehicle when it is and to facilitate its removal from
registered, usually indicating the the mould; as opposed to release
year and place of registration, wax, this is marketed in liquid
displayed on numberplates on the form only: Chaát röûa khuoân
front and rear of the vehicle: Soá z release bearing n. =
ñaêng kyù xe CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING:
z registration plate = Baïc ñaïn taùch ly hôïp (pich teâ)
NUMBERPLATE: Baûng soá ñaêng z release button n. button at the
kyù xe end of the handbrake lever which,
regrind 1 v. to smooth and polish when depressed, allows the pawl
again (e. g. valve seats): Maøi laïi to be released from the ratchet:
regulated proportioning valve n. = nuùt nhaû phanh tay
LOAD-SENSITIVE z release lever n. = CLUTCH
PROPORTIONING VALVE: Van RELEASE LEVER: Caàn taùch ly
phaân phoái theo taûi hôïp
regulator n. any device which z release wax see RELEASE
controls fluid flow, pressure, AGENT
temperature, voltage, etc.: Boä z releasing fluid n. penetrating
ñieàu chænh oil for loosening seized parts: Daàu
reinforce v. to increase the strength duøng ñeå laøm loûng chi tieát bò dính
of plastics by filling them with do gæ seùt
whiskers of glass, metal, fibres, relief passage n. = BYPASS:
etc.: Gia coá, taêng cöôøng. Ñöôøng voøng, ñöôøng reõ.
relative humidity (RH) n. z relief valve n. (a) =
dimensionless ratio of the actual PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:
vapour pressure of the air to the Van giaûm aùp
saturation vapour pressure: Ñoä (b) valve in the air pump of an air
aåm töông ñoái injection system which dumps part
relay n. (a) automatic device which of the air at high pump speeds to
controls the setting of a valve, prevent pump damage; may be
switch, etc. by means of an combined with the air gulp valve:
electric motor, solenoid, or Van an toaøn
pneumatic mechanism: Rô le töï reline v. to replace the brake shoes

282
reluctor research octane number (RON)

in drum brakes: Thay boá phanh supplied for the headlamp area
troáng (phanh) and the bottom wing edges, where
reluctor n. (magnetic pick-up damage usually occurs: Nhöõng boä
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL: phaän rôøi ñeå söûa chöõa phaàn thaân
Rotor, baùnh raêng trong caûm xe.
bieán ñieän töø. repeater (lamp) n. direction
remote control n. (a) control of indicator on the side of a vehicle:
something from a distance: Söï Ñeøn xi nhan(baùo reõ) beân hoâng
ñieàu khieån töø xa xe.
(b) the device used for this: Thieát replacement panel n. body panel
bò duøng ñeå ñieàu khieån töø xa supplied for repair purposes;
z remote-control locking = sometimes also used to denote a
central locking operated by a repair section: Taám khung ñeå
remote control from outside the thay theá.
car: Khoùa ñieàu khieån töø xa z replacement vehicle n. a car
z remote starter switch n. lent by a dealer to a customer
special automotive tool that allows while the customer's car is under
the ignition switch to be bypassed repair: Xe garage cho möôïn
for cranking the engine: Coâng taéc chaïy taïm khi söûa chöõa xe khaùch
ñeå khôûi ñoäng töø xa. haøng
remould v. & n. = RETREAD: Ñaép replenishing port n. port in the
laïi loáp xe master cylinder body which
removable rim n. = DETACHABLE connects the fluid reservoir to the
RIM: Vaønh baùnh coù theå thaùo rôøi annulus of the primary piston: Loã
repair v. & n. 1 v. mending cung caáp trong xylanh caùi cuûa
something which is broken or has heä thoáng phanh.
been damaged: Söûa chöõa replica or reproduction panel n. =
2 n. to restore something to PATTERN PANEL
working condition, e. g. by rep mobile n. (informal) car used by
reconditioning, rebuilding, a sales representative: Xe cuûa ñaïi
replacing: Söï söûa chöõa. lyù baùn haøng.
z repair kit = kit for the overhaul required ignition voltage n.
of parts such as carburettors, maximum high voltage required to
generators, pumps, universal produce a spark under particular
joints, etc.: nguyeân cuïm vaät tö ñeå conditions: Hieäu ñieän theá ñaùnh
ñaïi tu ñoäng cô. löûa.
z repair section = special panel RES (on cruise control, short for)
supplied for body repairs that does resume preset cruising speed: Nuùt
not include the full panel used for nhaán ñeå quay laïi toác ñoä ñaõ chaïy
assembling the car but only the (ga töï ñoäng)
most vulnerable areas; i. e. for research octane number (RON) n.
wings, separate repair sections are fuel octane rating determined by

283
reseat resistor sparking plug

the research octane test, one of trong xy lanh (2 kyø)

many test procedures: Chæ soá z residual pressure valve n.
oâctan nghieân cöùu valve mounted in the cylinder
reseat v. to recut a valve seat after outlet between piston and brake
repeated grinding-in has worn it lines of drum brake circuits;
out of shape: Laøm laïi beä xuùpaùp maintains a certain minimum
môùi. pressure in the system; disc brakes
reserve capacity n. the time, in do not require a residual pressure
minutes, a battery can maintain a valve: Van aùp suaát dö
discharge rate of 25 amps: Dung resin n. synthetic, usually organic,
löôïng döï tröõ cuûa aéc quy tính material with a polymeric
baèng phuùt khi phoùng doøng 25 A structure which, especially after
reservoir n. (a) any container filled having been treated with
with fluid: Thuøng chöùa, bình plasticizer, stabilizer, etc.,
chöùa (chaát loûng) becomes hard when dry: Nhöïa
(b) (double-tube shock absorber) z resistance thermometer n. an
the space between the outer and electrical temperature sensor
inner tubes of a double-tube shock which, in contrast to a
absorber which takes up the oil thermocouple, needs an external
squeezed out of the working voltage supply; the actual sensing
chamber corresponding to the element is a resistor whose
volume of the piston rod resistance is an accurate
immersed in the working indication of temperature: Caûm
chamber: Ngaên chöùa daàu trong bieán nhieät ñieän trôû
oáng nhuùn keùp z resistance welding n. a fusion
reshaping n. panel beating process welding method using electric
for removing dents: the panel is current and pressure; includes
brought roughly into its original spot, seam, projection, and butt
shape before detailed work is welding: Kyõ thuaät haøn baám.
performed in the finishing stage; z resistivity n. ability of a
may also refer to the process of material not to conduct electricity:
forming a panel from sheet steel: Ñieän trôû suaát (NOTE: opposite is
Goø laïi conductivity)
residual check valve n. = z resistor n. component that
RESIDUAL PRESSURE VALVE: reduces the current in an electrical
Van aùp suaát dö circuit: Ñieän trôû
z residual exhaust gases n. z resistor sparking plug =
exhaust gas remaining the sparking plug containing a resistor
cylinder of a two-stroke engine to suppress interference with
after the exhaust ports have been audio-visual reception: Ñieän trôû
closed, i. e. these gases have not ñaët trong bougie (ñeå choáng
been scavenged: Khí thaûi soùt nhieãu)

284
restorator retread

resonator n. (a) any device that of its bore: Ñóa giöõ.

attenuates pressure spikes: Boä z retainer spring tool n. special
phaän giaûm dao ñoäng aùp suaát automotive tool used on drum
(b) first silencer in a two-silencer brakes for restraining the shoe
system: OÁng poâ thöù nhaát (loaïi 2 retaining springs for removal and
poâ noái tieáp) installation; comes in a variety of
respray v. & n. (to add) a coat (or shapes, e. g. as a screwdriver-type
several coats) of paint to the tool with a special socket end to
existing finish: Phun sôn laïi (v.), trip retaining washers: Duïng cuï
söï phun sôn laïi (n.) keïp loø xo söû duïng ñeå thaùo laép
(NOTE: It is notoriously difficult phanh loaïi tang troáng.
to match the colour of a resprayed retard v. (ignition timing) to cause
panel to that of the original the spark to occur later: Treã,
paintwork) muoän.
restoration n. any extensive repair (NOTE: opposite is advance)
work that is not limited to standard z retarded a. occurring late:
reconditioning but is of far greater xaûy ra treã, muoän.
scope, including remanufacture of (NOTE: opposite is advanced)
certain parts, stripping to the last z retarder n. (a) additive to
nut and bolt and verification of decrease the evaporation rate of a
each and every component: Söï thinner or reducer in paint; used to
taân trang xe. improve viscosity in hot weather:
restraint system n. general term for phuï gia laøm chaäm söï boác hôi cuûa
occupant safety systems such as chaát pha sôn
seat belts, belt tensioners, air (b) auxiliary brake used on
bags, child seats, etc.: Heä thoáng commercial vehicles and coaches
an toaøn cho ngöôøi söû duïng xe. (it is a requirement in some EU
restrictor n. = NOZZLE countries): Phanh phuï.
RETRICTOR retract v. to draw back, pull back or
resurfacing n. if the cylinder head is rewind: Xeáp laïi, ruùt laïi, co laïi.
warped due to thermal z retractable aerial =
differences, its mating surface will telescopic aerial: Anten xeáp.
have to be machined to ensure z retractable headlights =
firstly that a level surface is concealed headlights: Ñeøn ñaàu
created and secondly that the xeáp ñöôïc.
engine's compression ratio is not z retractor n. (seat belt) device
increased to above a tolerable which locks the reel of a seat belt
value: Söï raø laïi beà maët naép maùy. when the forward acceleration of
retainer (pin) n. = PAD the occupants exceeds a certain
RETAINER (PIN): Choát haõm. value: Cô caáu ruùt daây ñai an
z retainer plate n. plate which toaøn.
prevents a value from sliding out retread 1 v. to attach a new tread to

285
retrofit rhodium

a used tyre by vulcanization: Ñaép which prevents the engagement of

laïi loáp xe the reverse clutch in automatic
2 n. (informal) a retreaded tyre: transmissions if the vehicle road
Loáp xe ñaép laïi speed exceeds 10 km/h: Van caét
(NOTE: called recap in the USA ly hôïp soá luøi trong hoäp soâ töï
and Australia) ñoäng khi toác ñoä lôùn hôn 10km/h.
retrofit v. to equip a vehicle with new z reversible (gear) puller n.
parts after manufacture: Trang bò puller with two or more reversible
theâm nhöõng boä phaän môùi treân jaws, allowing it to be used for
xe sau khi mua inside and outside pulling: Caõo
rev (short for) revolution: Soá nhieàu raêng
voøng quay, toác ñoä ñoäng cô z reversing light n. light at the
z rev counter n. (informal) rear of a vehicle which comes on
tachometer: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä automatically when reverse gear
ñoäng cô is engaged and illuminates the
reverse 1 v. to drive backwards: Laùi road behind the vehicle: Ñeøn luøi
luøi laïi, de xe. (NOTE: US English is back-up
(NOTE: US English is to back up) light)
2 n. (short for) reverse gear (R): z reversing warning signal =
Soá luøi beeper alarm that sounds when a
z reverse clutch n. clutch which commercial vehicle engages
couples the components of reversegear: Tín hieäu baùo luøi xe.
planetary gear sets or trains in (NOTE: US English is back-up
such a way that the vehicle can be alarm)
driven backwards: Ly hôïp soá luøi rev limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED
z reverse-flow scavenging n. LIMITER: Boä phaän giôùi haïn toác
scavenging system for two-stroke ñoä ñoäng cô
engines in which a cylinder has z revolution counter n. (a)
two pairs of transfer ports, at the tachometer, which measures the
front and rear respectively, with engine speed in rpm (b) counter
two exhaust ports located on which counts the total revolutions
either side of the two pairs of of a shaft (as opposed to rpm):
transfer ports; the incoming Ñoàng hoà ghi soá voøng quay
streams of mixture spread out like z revolutions per minute (rpm)
a fan, are deflected downward and n. number of times the crankshaft
expel the spent gases: Söï ñoåi turns in one minute: Soá voøng quay
chieàu cuûa doøng khí queùt (2 kyø) trong moät phuùt
z reverse (gear) n. very low RFI = RADIO FREQUENCY
gear for driving backwards, INTERFERENCE
denoted by the letter R on a gear z RFI suppressed sparking
knob or gear selector: Soá luøi R plugs = fully shielded and
z reverse inhibitor valve = valve resistor parking plugs: Bougie

286
RH rim

choáng gaây nhieãu voâ tuyeán. GROUND CLEARANCE

RH = RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Ñoä CONTROL
aåm töông ñoái. z ride levelling n. =
RIGHT HAND: ÔÛ beân tay phaûi AUTOMATIC LEVEL
z RHD = RIGHT-HAND CONTROL (SYSTEM)
DRIVE: Xe tay laùi nghòch. ridge n. (a) the cutting edge of a
rheostat n. resistor with variable screw thread (surmounting the
resistance: Bieán trôû flanks): Ñænh ren.
rhodium n. a silver-white noble (b) (in wheel rims) = HUMP: Caùi
metal in the platinum family; gôø , caùi böôùu cuûa nieàng baùnh xe.
atomic number 45, atomic weight right-hand drive (RHD) n. steering
102.905; used in system in which the steering
thermocouplesand, together with wheel is located on the right-hand
other platinum metals, as a side of the vehicle; used for
catalyst in catalytic converters: driving on the left, as in the UK,
Chaát Roñi (hoùa hoïc) Japan, Australia, etc.: Xe tay laùi
rib n. (a) structural member for nghòch.
reinforcing bodywork: thanh gia (NOTE: opposite is left-hand
coá khung xe drive)
(b) ridge on the sidewall of a tyre z right-hand thread n. thread
to protect it from damage on which will accept a nut turned
impact with the kerb: Gaân, gôø voû clockwise: Ren thuaän, ren phaûi.
xe. rigid a. inflexible, without any
rich a. of an air / fuel mixture that flexural or elastic characteristic:
has more petrol than normal: Cöùng, khoâng meàm deûo.
Giaøu (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí). z rigid axle = rear axle which
(NOTE: opposite is lean) may be either live (in rear-wheel
z rich mixture = a mixture with drive cars) or dead (in front-wheel
more fuel than can be burned by drive cars): Truïc cöùng, caàu bò
the oxygen contained in the air / ñoäng.
fuel charge: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí RIM = REACTION INJECTION
giaøu xaêng MOULDING
(NOTE: opposite is lean mixture) rim n. (a) the part of a wheel that
ride n. degree of comfort, especially connects the wheel disc with the
with regard to the suspension, tyre; its basic purpose is to
experienced by the passengers: provide support to the lower
Söï rung xoùc cuûa xe maø haønh sidewall: Nieàng baùnh xe
khaùch caûm nhaän. (b) (bodywork repair) the outer
z ride height n. = GROUND edge of a dented area that is heat
CLEARANCE: Khoaûng saùng shrunk towards the centre of the
gaàm xe. dent: Vieàn xung quanh choã moùp
z rideheight adjuster = khi haøn

287
rim designation road test

rim designation n. the nominal rim which engages the pinion of the
diameter, nominal rim width and starter motor: Voøng raêng baùnh ñaø
any abbreviations and codes for z ring spanner n. spanner
the contour of the rim: Thoâng soá whose head fits completely round
nieàng baùnh xe a nut: Chìa khoùa voøng.
z rim diameter n. the distance rivet n. short metal pin with a head at
between the intersection of the one end, for joining two or more
bead seats and the vertical walls pteces together; a second head is
of the rim flanges: Ñöôøng kính formed at the other end by
nieàng hammering it flat, to secure the
z rim flange n. the part of a rim connection: Ñinh taùn
that supports the tyre bead in a z rivet gun or riveter = tool
lateral direction; the linear with pliers-like handles and nose
distance between the two rim oiece to insert rivets; used, for
flanges is termed rim width: Meùp example, in body repair work to
vaønh baùnh xe rivet sheet metal material
z rim ridge n. = HUMP: Voøng together: Suùng baén ñinh taùn
gaân vaønh baùnh xe road-draft tube n. US = OIL
z rim size n. comprises the rim BREATHER PIPE: OÁng thoâng
width and rim diameter and is hôi daàu.
measured in inches: Kích côõ z road fund licence n. licence
nieàng showing that road tax has been
z rim type n. depending on the paid: Giaáy ñoùng leä phí caàu
type of tyre, rim types differ ñöôøng.
according to the rim profile and z road hog n. (informal) a
the number of rim parts: Kieåu, selfish, often aggressive driver:
loaïi nieàng Ngöôøi laùi xe baït maïng
rim width n. the nominal distance z road speed n. vehicle speed
between the rim flanges: Beà along a road, measured in mph or
ngang vaønh baùnh xe km/h: Toác ñoä xe ñöôøng tröôøng.
z ring belt n. the lands and rings roadster n. open two-seater with a
of a piston: Vuøng ñaàu piston folding top made of unlined
z ring expander n. = PISTON canvas: Loaïi xe mui traàn, hai
RING PLIERS: Kìm thaùo xeùc- choã ngoài.
maêng road tax n. annual tax paid in order
z ring gap n. the gap between to use a vehicle on the roads:
the piston ring ends with the Thueá caàu ñöôøng.
piston installed in the bore: Khe z road test n. (a) a test to check
hôû mieäng xeùc-maêng that a car is roadworthy after
z ring gear n. (a) = ANNULUS repair: Kieåm tra xe baèng caùch
GEAR (b) = CROWN WHEEL chaïy thöû treân ñöôøng sau khi söûa
(c) toothed rim of a flywheel chöõa

288
road-test roller chain

(b) a test of a car (e. g. a new shaft of the steering gearbox, to

model) in actual use; for example, which the drop arm is connected:
by a magazine for comparison Truïc reõ quaït
with other models: Thöû xe môùi ñeå (NOTE: US English is cross-
kieåm tra tính naêng söû duïng. shaft)
z road-test v. to give a vehicle a roll (angle) n. angular displacement
road test: Kieåm tra xe treân of a vehicle about its longitudinal
ñöôøng tröôøng axis, i. e. tendency of a vehicle to
z road train n. several linked heel over when cornering or in
trailers pulled by a large truck; high cross winds: Goùc laên, goùc
common in Australia for quay (xe)
transporting stock: xe ñaàu keùo z roll axis n. axis through the
nhieàu rô mooc. front and rear roll centres: Truïc
z roadworthiness n. being fit to laên
be driven on the roads: Söï thích z roll bar n. strong, tubular bar
hôïp ñeå chaïy treân moät ñöôøng which reinforces the roof of a car,
tröôøng (cuûa moät chieác xe) especially one used for occupants
robot spraying n. application of paint if the car should overturn: Thanh
by robots: Ngöôøi maùy phun sôn laên
rocker (arm) n. lever which rotates z roll centre n. the theoretical
around a shaft pushing down point between the front wheels or
(opening) the valve with one end back wheels about which the car
while the other end is pushed up body rolls when cornering; any
by the pushrod; the valve is closed centrifugal force causes the body
again by spring pressure: Caàn to rotate about the roll centre: taâm
ñaåy, coø moå (suù paùp) quay
z rocker arm shaft = shaft on roller n. non-spherical rolling
which the rocker arm pivots: Truïc element in a roller bearing: Con
caàn ñaåy (coø moå) laên, bi ñuõa
z rocker box or rocker cover n. z roller bearing = antifriction
cylinder head cover above the bearing with non-spherical rolling
valve train: Naép daøn coø xuùpaùp. elements: OÅ bi ñuõa.
(NOTE: US English is valve z roller cage = cage containing
cover) the rollers in a roller bearing: reá
z rocker cover gasket = gasket bi ñuõa.
between the cylinder head and the Roller n. (informal) = ROLLS-
rocker cover; usually either a flat ROYCE: Hieäu xe Rolls- Royce.
paper or cork gasket or an O-ring: roller cell pump n. = ROLLER-
Ñeäm kín naép daøn coø xuùpaùp. VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh con laên
z rocker panel n. = SILL: z roller chain n. power-
Ngöôõng cöûa. transmitting chain in which each
z rocker shaft n. the outgoing link consists of two free-moving

289
roller dynamometer roof brace

rollers located by pins connected simulate road conditions; the

to sideplates: Daây xích con laên. rollers can be driven by the
z roller dynamometer n. driving wheels of a car and
dynamometer attached to a rolling connected to a dynamometer for
road: Baêng thöû coâng suaát baèng testing the power output of an
con laên. engine or may be independently
z roller tappet n. connecting powered, e. g. to test the brakes:
link between the lower end of a Con laên trong baêng thöû coâng
pushrod and the camshaft, suaát, thöû phanh.
equipped with one roller to roduce roll oversteer n. oversteer caused by
the friction between the pushrod roll when cornering: Quay voøng
or tappet and the cam during thöøa do laên (xoay)
engine operation: Con ñoäi laên (NOTE: opposite is roll
giöõa ñuõa suù paùp vaø truïc cam. understeer)
z roller-vane pump n. rotary roll resistance or roll stiffness n.
vane pump with rollers as (chassis) resistance of a vehicle
pumping elements which slide body to rolling, which depends on
against the pump body when the the stiffness of the suspension
rotor rotates: Bôm caùnh con laên springs and anti-roll bar: Khaû
rolling bearing n. = naêng choáng laät.
ANTIFRICTION BEARING roll test n. serves to test-drive train
z rolling circumference n. the functions; may include separate
circumference of a loaded tyre: tests for front and rear axle, left-
Veát laên cuûa baùnh xe khi coù taûi and right-hand sides, noise test;
z rolling friction n. frictional typical duration is two minutes:
resistance to rotation in rolling Kieåm tra söï laên
bearings: Ma saùt laên roll understeer n. understeer caused
z rolling radius n. radius of a by roll when cornering: Quay
loaded tyre from its axis to the voøng thieáu do laên
centre of the contactpatch: Baùn (NOTE: opposite is roll
kính laên oversteer)
z rolling resistance n. resistance RON = RESEARCH OCTANE
to motion offered by tyres on a NUMBER
flat road surface, attributable roo bar (Australian for) NERF BAR:
mainly to rolling and mechanical Thanh ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc)
friction and dependant on tyre roof box n. enclosed, multi-purpose
design, pressure and load; over roof carrier: Mui xe ña naêng.
50mph, air resistance becomes z roof brace n. transverse rail
more important: Löïc caûn laên that supports the roof panel; there
z rolling road n. rollers set in the are usually several roof braces:
floor of a garage, turning or Truï choáng mui xe.
inspection centre and designed to

290
root panel rotor

z roof panel n. the horizontal pistons; instead, triangular rotors

outer layer of the sheet metal roof revolve in specially shaped
panels that is spot-welded along housings; the Wankel engine is
its edges to the top of the roof, the only type of rotary engine at
door and screen pillars: Mui xe present in production: Ñoäng cô coù
z roof rack n. luggage rack on pittoâng quay troøn, ñoäng cô
the roof of a vehicle: Khung ñeå Wankel
chôû haønh lyù gaén treân noùc xe z rotary pump n. pump with
z roof rail n. longitudinal side rotating members: Bôm quay
member above the doors to which troøn
the roof panel is attached: Thanh z rotary valve n. engine or pump
ñôõ mui xe. component forming part of a
(NOTE: also called cantrail) rotating assembly; may be
room temperature vulcanizing designed as a cylindrical or a disc
(RTV) sealer n. semi-liquid, valve: Van quay
silicone rubber sealant which is z rotary vane pump n. =
proof against oil and water but not VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh quaït
petrol: roong loûng rotation n. motion of a body about an
root n. lowest point of a screw axis within the body: Söï xoay
thread: Chaân ren voøng quanh truïc
(NOTE: opposite is crest) roto cap n. device fitted to some
Roots compressor or supercharger engines which turns a valve
n. typical lobe-type positive slightly every time it opens or
displacement compressor; uses closes, to prevent the valve
two two-lobed or three-lobed sticking or burning: Cô caáu xoay
internal rotors phased to prevent suù paùp (NOTE: also called valve
clashing of the lobes by gears; rotator)
normally driven from the Rotoflex coupling n. one design of a
crankshaft by toothed or V-belts, flexible coupling in the shape of a
can achieve speeds up to 10,000 hexagonal rubber ring: Khôùp noái
rpm; provides low-end torque and Rotoflex.
boost without lag but is less fuel- rotor n. (a) any component which
efficient than a turbocharger: rotates: Boä phaän quay
Bôm taêng naïp, bôm Root (b) rotating part of an electrical
rotary disc valve n. valve employed machine, such as the armature of
as an inlet control in modern two- a starter motor: Phaàn quay cuûa
stroke engines, consisting of a thin maùy ñieän, rotor
steel disc attached to one end of (c) rotating part of the distributor,
the crankshaft: Van ñóa quay (2 which distributes the high voltage
kyø) to the individual sparking plugs; in
rotary (piston) engine n. an engine older systems an oblong shape, in
which uses no reciprocating breakerless distributor system

291
rotor arm RTV

usually a disc: Con quay, moû nhaùm beà maët.

queït (trong delco) rough a. if an engine sounds rough it
(d) in an alternator, the rotating is running unevenly, probably
pole pieces with the caused by misfiring or worn
electromagnetic winding, which crankshaft bearings: Noå khoâng
create a rotating magnetic field ñeàu
whose lines of force cut the roundabout n. road junction where the
stationary conductors in the stator; traffic goes round a raised central
usually of claw-pole design: Phaàn circle: Buøng binh.
quay cuûa maùy phaùt, rotor (NOTE: US English is traffic
(e) rotating displacement element circle)
of a rotary pump, such as a gear, round file n. file in the shape of a
screw, piston, etc.: Chi tieát quay round bar, rather than a blade:
cuûa bôm quay Giuõa troøn
(f) moving part of a pulse z round head bolt n. general
generator: Phaàn quay cuûa caûm term including cup head bolts and
bieán ñieän töø mushroom head bolts: Bu - loâng
(NOTE: opposite is stator) ñaàu troøn
(g) rotating element of a Roots z round hump n. safety contour
supercharger: Phaàn quay cuûa on both rim bead seats preventing
bôm taêng aùp kieåu Root the tyre from sliding into the rim
z rotor arm n. = ROTOR well: Caùi böôùu troøn treân nieàng
z rotor-type pump n. engine oil xe.
pump in which an internal rotor, e. route 1 n. direction taken (by a
g. with four external lobes, is used cable, etc.): Ñöôøng ñi, loä trình.
to drive an eccentric external 2 v. to lay (something) in a certain
gear, e. g. with five internal direction: Theo tuyeán ñöôøng.
lobespaces; operates in a similar Royal Automobile Club (RAC) n.
way to gear pumps, but has higher motoring organization in the UK:
pump capacity, and is quieter and Caâu laïc boä oâtoâ hoaøng gia.
more expensive: Bôm roâto rpm (short for) revolutions per minute;
rotowelding n. = FRICTION engine speed as measured by
WELDING crankshaft revolutions per minute:
rotten-egg smell n. in cars equipped Toác ñoä voøng cuûa ñoäng cô
with catalytic converters, this z rpm sensor = ENGINE SPEED
smell is the result of an SENSOR: Caûm bieán toác ñoä ñoäng
excessively rich air / fuel mixture: cô
Muøi tröùng thoái sinh ra töø boä xuùc RRIM = REINFORCED REACTION
taùc khi hoãn hôïp hoøa khí quaù giaøu INJECTION MOULDING
roughening n. mechanical or chemical r / seat (short for) rear seat: Choã ngoài
treatment of a surface to produce sau
minute irregularities: Söï laøm RTV = ROOM TEMPERATURE

292
rubber run in

VULCANIZING: Keo laøm roong side of the car to protect the

loûng ñoâng laïi ôû nhieät ñoä trong bodywork from minor knocks, (as
phoøng from the open door of a
rubber n. (a) a natural elastomer that neighbouring car): Daûi baêng doïc
at room temperature returns thaân xe choáng coï xaùt.
rapidly to approximately its initial Rudge nut n. quick-release nut for
dimension and shape after central-locking wheels: Ñai oác
substantial deformation by a weak Rudge
stress and subsequent release of rumble n. characteristic, low-pitched
the stress: Cao su noise made by worn main
(b) US (informal) tyres: Loáp xe. bearings: Tieáng keâu ñaëc tröng do
z rubber bush = tubular rubber baïc loùt truïc khuyûu moøn gaây ra
sleeve for mounting a shaft or rod: z rumble seat n. US =
OÁng cao su ñeå gaén truïc DICKEY SEAT: Gheá phuï ñaèng
z rubber coupling = flexible sau ôû xe hai choã.
coupling using pressurized rubber run 1 n. (paint fault) the trail of a
blocks: Khôùp noái cao su paint drip; a dribble of paint: Söï
z rubber doughnut coupling = chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn
typical flexible coupling, made of 2 v. (of paint) to form a run:
vulcanized rubber, shaped like a Chaûy thaønh veät.
doughnut: Khôùp noái cao su giaûm runabout n. (a) an open 2-seater,
chaán. predecessor of the roadster: (b)
z rubberize v. to coat or small car, especially one for use in
impregnate with rubber: Nhuùng town: OÂ toâ nhoû
vaøo cao su, troän chung vôùi cao su run channel n. U-section rubber used
vaø ñuùc to hold glass parts and other body
z rubber mallet n. mallet with a features in place or to protect
rubber head: Caùi buùa goã ñaàu panel edges: Roong kính.
nhöïa. run-flat properties n. the capability
z rubber spring n. element of a of a deflated tyre to operate
rubber suspension system such as effectively, i. e. to permit further
Hydrolastic suspension: Loø xo cao driving: Khaû naêng chaïy tieáp khi
su xì voû
rubbing block n. (ignition) small run-flat tyre n. tyre which can run
block of insulating material on the for a certain length of time
contact breaker lever: Khoái cao without air in it: Voû xe chaïy ñöôïc
su treân vít löûa (goái cam). khi xeïp
z rubbing compound n. = run in v. to operate new or
CUTTING COMPOUND reconditioned machinery
z rubbing strip n. strip of plastic (especially bearings) under light
at the widest point of the body, load and at limited speed to avoid
along doors and wings down each excessive friction and heat which

293
running board rust protection

would cause uneven bedding in of ability to run without air in it;

the component: Chaïy raø, chaïy ro sufficient to pull over safely: Loáp
ñai xe chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp
(NOTE: nowadays, new engines run out n. extent to which a part is
do not need to be run in. note that running out-of-true: Söï chaïy leäch
US English is to break in) taâm, söï ñaûo, söï moøn leäch.
running board n. foot rest below the rupture v. to break, burst or split:
doors of a car; common on early Laøm gaõy, vôõ, nöùt
motor vehicles, now only seen on rust 1 n. oxidized iron or steel, the
VW Beetles, pick-ups and some product of corrosion: Gæ
limousines: Baäc leân xuoáng xe 2 v. to form rust: Hình thaønh gæ
z running gear n. the moving z rust eater n. = RUST
components which link the lower KILLER: Chaát phaù gæ.
part of the vehicle to the wheels, i. z rusting n. chemical or
e. suspension, including control electrochemical destruction of
arms, springs, shock absorbers, iron and ferrous metals: Söï gæ(saét)
steering components, etc.: Caùc boä z rust inhibitor n. inhibitor
phaän noái phaàn döôùi khung xe vôùi which reduces or prevents the
baùnh xe formation of rust on iron and
running-in n. driving a vehicle or ferrous metals: Chaát choáng gæ
running an engine or enter z rust inspection n. car
mechanical unit at reduced speed inspection conducted to detect rust
and load when new, to prevent and corrosion damage, usually by
pick-up and seizure of the bearing means of an endoscope: Söï kieåm
surfaces, and to ensure even tra gæ seùt.
initial wear: Chaïy raø z rust killer n. substances which,
z running-on n. condition of a according to their manufacturers,
SI engine in which fuel continues convert rust into a dry mass which
to burn after the ignition has been can be removed with water: Chaát
turned off, causing the engine to laøm saïch gæ.
run on (for a few seconds): Maùy z rustproof 1 a. resistant to
vaãn noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy rust: Khoâng gæ
(ñoäng cô xaêng) 2 v. to make resistant to rust: Xöû
(NOTE: also called dieselling) lyù ñeå choáng gæ
z running-on control valve = z rustproofing n. making
IDLE STOP VALVE: Van khoùa resistant to rust: Laøm choáng gæ
caàm chöøng z rustproofing agent = anti-
z run on v. (of an engine) to corrosion, wax-based sealant:
continue to run after the ignition Chaát choáng gæ
has been switched off: maùy vaãn z rust protection n. reducing
noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy the possibility of rust forming on
run-on tyre n. tyre with a limited iron and steel by coating with

294
rust remover Rzeppa-type (universal) joint

protective materials or by RV US = RECREATIONAL

rendering them passive: Söï baûo VEHICLE
veä khoûi gæ RWD = REAR-WHEEL DRIVE: Caàu
z rust remover n. any chemical sau chuû ñoäng
substance which removes rust: Rzeppa-type (universal) joint n.
Chaát taåy gæ constant velocity joint
z rust sealer n. rust converter incorporating balls as a means of
that provides a coat on metal torque transmission; (named after
surfaces to protect them against Alfred Rzeppa, a Ford engineer):
air exposure and thus to prevent Khôùp noái loaïi Rzeppa
continued corrosion: Chaát traùm
choáng ræ.

295
S safety goggles

Ss

S (a) (short for) Special or Sport, Ñôn vò cuûa coâng suaát ñoäng cô
indicating better performance than safe stop wheel n. = RUN-ON
a standard car model: Kyù hieäu TYRE
cuûa loaïi xe ñaëc bieät hoaëc theå safety bead seat n. general term for
thao toát hôn loaïi xe thoâng a safety contour on the rim bead
thöôøng seat preventing the tyre bead from
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre sliding into the rim well especially
denoting the maximum speed for during cornering manoeuvres: Ñai
which it is designed (180 km/h or töïa an toaøn treân nieàng xe.
113 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ z safety belt n. = SEAT BELT:
toác ñoä toái ña 180 km/h. Daây ñai an toaøn
Sacco panels n. = SIDE BUMPER z safety catch n. catch usually
PANELS: Taám ñôõ va beân hoâng located under the front edge of the
xe bonnet, near the centre, which
sacrificial anode n. an prevents accidental release of the
electropositive metal coating, such bonnet if the main cable-operated
as aluminium or zinc, that protects bonnet lock is activated by
the steel of a car body by mistake: Choát an toaøn cuûa ca-poâ
corroding first when attacked by xe(choáng môû)
electrolytic action: Lôùp maï baèng z safety chains n. two, crossed
nhoâm hoaëc keõm baûo veä lôùp theùp chains linking the trailer and
khung xe (choáng aên moøn ñieän vehicle frame as a safeguard if the
hoùa) towing hitch fails: Daây xích an
z sacrificial protection = toaøn (giöõa ñaàu keùo vaø rô mooc)
CATHODIC PROTECTION: Söï z Safety Compliance
baûo veä catoát. Certification (SCC) Label n.
saddle tank n. fuel tank mounted US label which must be attached
above the rear axle: Thuøng nhieân to the lower half of the left-hand
lieäu ñaët treân caàu sau. front door lock facing; specifies
SAE (short for) Society of the VIN and other relevant
Automotive Engineers: American information: Nhaõn chöùng nhaän
professional body which develops an toaøn (daùn ôû döôùi kính beân
standards in automotive (and traùi)
aeronautical) engineering: Hieäp z safety glass n. = LAMINATED
hoäi kyõ sö oâtoâ Hoa Kyø GLASS
SAE gross bhp n. old unit of engine z safety goggles n. closefitting
power: Ñôn vò cuõ cuûa coâng suaát glasses or mask to protect the eyes
ñoäng cô (e. g. during welding): Kính baûo
SAE net bhp n.unit of engine power: hoä (khi haøn)

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safety harness sandwich construction

z safety harness n.= HARNESS ARM / LONG ARM

safety rim n. rim with small ridges SUSPENSION
that hold the tyre beads on the saloon n. two- or four-door car with
wheel during a tyre blow-out seating for four or five people: Xe
(instant rupture and air loss) or flat oâtoâ mui kín 2 hoaëc 4 cöûa vôùi 4
tyre (slow leak reducing inflation hoaëc 5 choã
pressure): Nieàng xe loaïi an toaøn (NOTE: US English is sedan)
(nieàng coù ngaïnh ñeå giöõ meùp voû salt spray chamber n. test chamber
khi bò noå hoaëc xeïp) for salt spray (fog) testing: Buoàng
safety steering column n. = phun muoái (thöû nghieäm xe)
COLLAPSIBLE STEERING sand v. to smooth or clean a surface
COLUMN: Truï laùi xeáp laïi ñöôïc by rubbing with sandpaper: Chaø,
z safety valve n. valve that ñaùnh baèng giaáy nhaùm.
allows fluid to escape when a sandblasting n. cleaning a surface
certain pressure level has been with a jet of sand (or grit) under
reached: Van an toaøn, van giaûm air or steam pressure: Ñaùnh ræ seùt
aùp baèng phöông phaùp thoåi caùt
z safety wheel n. general term z sander n. power-driven tool
referring to either a wheel with a with a rotating abrasive disc for
safety bead seat or a wheel with smoothing and cleaning surfaces:
run flat properties: Baùnh xe loaïi Duïng cuï maøi baèng giaáy nhaùm
an toaøn (chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp) z sanding block n. rubber or
sag v. & n. (to) bend under weight or plastic block designed to accept
pressure: Voõng xuoáng do troïng strips of sandpaper for manual
löôïng hoaëc aùp suaát sanding: Ñóa cao su hoaëc nhöïa
sagging door n. a door that sits too ñeå quaán giaáy nhaùm khi maøi tay
low in the door aperture: Söï voõng z sandpaper n. abrasive paper
xuoáng cuûa cöûa coated with sand for smoothing
sag or sagging n. (paint fault) an and cleaning: Giaáy nhaùm
aggravated condition of paint runs z sand scratching n. paint fault
where a curtain of paint runs down characterized by the paint film
vertical or inclined areas of appearing low in gloss and
bodywork; caused by excessive showing primer and metal
build-up of paint, thinners which imperfections in the top coat; may
are too slow-acting, or excessively be caused by excessively coarse
slow movement of the spray gun: sanding and too thin a paint coat:
Söï chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn quaù veát xöôùc sôn
daøy. sandwich construction n. composite
SAI = STEERING AXIS construction of alloys, plastics
INCLINATION and other materials consisting of
SALA suspension n. = SHORT a foam or honeycomb layer and

297
satellite SCC

glued between two hard outer charge of fresh mixture from

sheets: Caáu truùc nhieàu lôùp vaät entering; the power output is thus
lieäu khaùc nhau reduced: Söï maát coâng suaát do
(NOTE: also known as sandwich queùt khoâng heát khí thaûi.
laminate) z scavenging passage n. the
satellite n. block of controls near the passage inside a two-stroke
steering wheel rim: Toå hôïp coâng engine that serves to scavenge the
taéc ñieàu khieån gaàn tay laùi exhaust gas from the engine; in
SBS = SEAT-INTEGRATED BELT most cases it refers to the transfer
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng tích hôïp gheá passage, as the gas column
vôùi daây ñai an toaøn supplied across the transfer port
scab corrosion n. scab-like corrosion initiates the scavenging process:
occurring along a scratch in a Ñöôøng queùt khí chaùy trong ñoäng
coating: Lôùp vaûy xuaát hieän do aên cô hai kyø
moøn theo veát traày sôn z scavenging picture n. in
scale n. solid layer of corrosion experimental two-stroke engine
products formed on metals at high development, a map of the
temperature: Lôùp gæ do nhieät ñoä scavenging air velocity
cao distribution and the scavenging jet
z scale rust = loose, flaking rust: orientation inside a cylinder: Bieåu
Lôùp gæ daøy saép bong ñoà moâ taû vaän toác vaø höôùng phun
scanimet n. nickel-silicon-carbide khí queùt.
coating for particularly wear- z scavenging pump n. an oil
resistant cylinder walls: Lôùp phuû pump in a dry sump system which
choáng moøn treân thaønh xi lanh returns oil from the crankcase to
scavenge v. (two-stroke engine) to the main oil reservoir: Bôm traû
clear away, particularly to expel nhôùt töø cacte sang bình chöùa
exhaust gas from a cylinder and to z scavenging system n. method
fill the cylinder with fresh charge: used to accomplish the charge-
Queùt khí thaûi (trong ñoäng cô 2 changing process in a two-stroke
kyø) engine: Heä thoáng queùt khí chaùy
(NOTE: these processes take z scavenging valve n. in
place simultaneously in a two- evaporative emission control
stroke engine) systems, a valve in the purge line
scavenging jet n. the jet of fresh between activated charcoal
charge supplied into the cylinder, canister and inlet manifold which
the shape and direction of which controls the purge air flow that
determine the effectiveness of the regenerates the charcoal: Van
scavenging process: Loã queùt khí. giöõa baàu than huùt hôi xaêng vaø
z scavenging losses n. if the oáng goùp huùt
exhaust gases remain in the SCC = SPARK CONTROL
cylinder, they prevent a full COMPUTER: Maùy tính ñieàu

298
scissor jack scuttle panel

khieån heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa z screw pitch gauge n.

SCC= SAFETY COMPLIANCE measuring tool used to idenify
CERTIFICATION: Chöùng nhaän thread sizes, featuring a selection
coâng nhaän tính an toaøn. to determine screw pitch: Boä ño
scissor jack n. mechanical jack with böôùc ren.
a scissors-like action: con ñoäi scribe v. & n. (to) cut or scratch with
kieåu keùo a pointed instrument, e. g. (in) a
scope n. (informal) oscilloscope: painted surface, for testing
Maùy hieän soùng dao ñoäng (dao purposes or to mark the position of
ñoäng kyù) a part: Keõ baèng muõi nhoïn treân
scored a. (e. g. brake disc) sôn ñeå kieåm tra hoaëc ñaùnh daáu
scratched, grooved, or lined with z scriber n. pointed steel hand
small cuts: Bò traày, xöôùc tool for marking metal: Muõi nhoïn
scrap n. waste metal: Pheá lieäu, kim keû vaïch.
loaïi vuïn scrubbing n. heavy wear on a tyre
scraper ring n. = OIL SCRAPER caused by sliding sideways across
RING: Baïc (voøng gaêng), seùc the road surface, as when
maêng nhôùt skidding: Söï moøn voû xe do tröôït.
scrapyard n. premises of a dealer in scrub radius n. (steering geometry)
scrap metal: Baõi pheá lieäu geometric parameter: 'positive' if
screen v. to shield from electrical the steering axis intersects the
interference: Baûo veä khoûi nhieãu wheel plane at or below ground
ñieän töø level, 'negative' if the point of
screw n. threaded fastener, similar to intersection is above ground level:
a bolt, but fully threaded and with Baùn kính laên – khoaûng caùch giöõa
a slotted, hexagonal head, round ñieåm caét truïc laùi vôùi maët phaúng
head, flat head, fillister head or truï baùnh xe
socket head and often a shank scuff plate n. (i) generally, any
which tapers to a point: Ñinh oác, protective plate (ii) specifically,
vít the finishing trim on a door sill:
screwdriver n. tool used for turning Taám kim loaïi baûo veä
screws; usually a wooden or z scuff rib n. raised rib on the
plastic handle with a thin shank sidewall of a tyre to protect it
ending in a cross-cut or flattened from impact with the kerb: Ñöôøng
square-cut tip: Caây vaën vít, tuoâc gaân treân caïnh voû baûo veä noù khoûi
nô vit va chaïm maïnh vôùi bôø væa heø.
screw extractor n. tool for removing scuttle panel n. the body shell panel
broken studs and screws, with a directly below the front
tapered left-hand thread which is windscreen; often incorporates the
screwed into a hole drilled in the air inlet slots for interior
piece to be removed: Taroâ laáy vít ventilation: Phaàn khung döôùi
gaõy kính tröôùc

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seal seating capacity

(NOTE: US English is cowl) penetration of corrosive agents:

seal 1 n. flexible ring, disc or washer Söï laøm kín veát noái (ñeå choáng aên
that prevents the passage of moøn)
liquid, air, gas or dirt: Voøng ñeäm seat n. (a) the part of a vehivle on
laøm kín, phôùt which you sit: Gheá ngoài
2 v. (a) to prevent the passage of (b) area into which another part
liquid, air, gas, etc. by means of a fits securely (such as the seal
seal or sealant (e. g. on maens, between a sparking plug or valve
joints, flanges): Bòt kín baèng phôùt and the cylinder head): Beä, ñeá
(b) to coat a surface (e. g. when seat adjuster n. knob or lever to
undersealing a car) by closing the adjust the position of the front
pores of the anodic oxide layer in seats: Nuùt hoaëc caàn ñieàu chænh
order to increase the resistance to gheá
staining and its effectiveness seat belt n. webbing belt, usually in
against corrosion: Phuû caùc loã ñeå the form of a diagonal shoulder
choáng aên moøn belt and lap belt to restrain the
z sealant n. organic compounds wearer in the event of a collision:
(such as wax, oil, grease) used to Daây ñai an toaøn
protect seams or surfaces: Chaát z seat belt anchorage = point
laøm kín, keo where the end of a seat belt is
(NOTE: also called sealer or attached to the body of a car:
sealing compound) Choát giöõ ñai an toaøn.
sealed-beam headlight or unit n. z seat belt tensioner = restraint
standard American headlamp system controlled by deceleration
design; lens, filament and sensors: Boä caêng daây ñai an
reflector are sealed into one unit, toaøn.
which eliminates reflector z seat belt warning light = light
corrosion but when a filament is on the instrument panel which
broken, a new sealed beam unit illuminates if seat belts are not
must be installed: Ñeøn pha coù properly secured: Ñeøn baùo daây
choùa ñeøn, kieáng vaø tim ñeøn ñöôïc ñai an toaøn
cheá taïo chung trong moät baàu kín z seating capacity n. the
z sealing strip n. gas seal to the number of people for which a car
epitrochoidal surface in a rotary is designed: Soá choã ngoài
piston engine, with the same z seat-integrated (seat) belt
function as the piston ring on a system (SBS) n. seat belt with all
conventional piston engine: Ñeäm belt elements and deflection
kín ñænh píttoâng cuûa ñoäng cô points integrated in the seat; this
Wankel. improves occupant restrain in
seam sealing n. the sealing of every seating position, but
seams, usually using organic particularly sturdy seats and
compounds, to prevent the floorpans are required: Heä thoáng

300
seat rail secondary winding

tích hôïp gheá vôùi daây ñai an toaøn. winding of the ignition coil, the
z seat rail or seat runner n. distributor, and the sparking plugs:
tracks onto which front seat Maïch ñieän thöù caáp (ñaùnh löûa)
assemblies are mounted to z secondary damage n. =
provide fore and aft seat INDIRECT DAMAGE: Söï hö haïi
adjustment: Raõnh ñieàu chænh gheá giaùn tieáp
ngoài. z secondary key n. key which
z seat rail console = mounting only operates the locks needed for
panel for the seat rails, spot- valet parking, i. e. door locks,
welded to the floorpan; the front ignition switch and steering
consoles are usually somewhat column lock; does not allow
higher than the rear ones to access to boot, glove box, etc.:
produce the desired angle of the Chìa khoùa phuï (môû caùc boä phaän
seating surface: Ñeá baét gheá khaùc khoâng phaûi coâng taéc maùy)
z seat well n. sheet metal panel z secondary pattern n.
to cover up the area below the car oscilloscope pattern of the
seats, especially below the rear secondary circuit: Kieåu dao ñoäng
seat bench: Taám kim loaïi döôùi cuûa maïch ñieän thöù caáp.
gheá sau z secondary piston n. (in
secondary air n. in some exhaust tandem master cylinder) floating
emission control systems, e. g. piston which isolates the two
thermal reactor or two-bed braking circuits from each other
converter, secondary (outside) air and actuates the secondary circuit:
is added to the exhaust to ensure Pittoâng thöù caáp trong xylanh caùi
sufficient supply of oxygen to hai taàng.
promote oxidation of HC and CO, z secondary pump n. oil pump
thus converting these pollutants driven via the gearbox output
into harmless water vapour and shaft: Bôm thöù caáp daãn ñoäng töø
carbon dioxide: Khí thöù caáp (beân truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
ngoaøi) ñöôïc theâm vaøo khí thaûi z secondary seal n. secondary
ñeå cung caáp ñuû oxi ñaåy maïnh piston seal in a tandem master
quaù trình oxi hoùa HC vaø CO. cylinder: Coupel pittoâng thöù
z secondary battery n. = caáp.
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin naïp z secondary visor n. in dual
ñöôïc visor systems, the main visor is
z secondary braking system n. moved sideways and the
HGV spring brake system which secondary visor is flipped down,
exerts force when air pressure is thus shielding the driver from the
released: Heä thoáng phanh thöù sun from both the front and side:
caáp Taám che naéng phuï
z secondary circuit n. circuit z secondary winding n. inner
which comprises the secondary winding of the ignition coil;

301
second (gear) self-aligning torque

typically 20,000 to 30,000 turns of definite order: Hoäp soá khoâng qua
very fine wire: Cuoän thöù caáp soá trung gian
(ñaùnh löûa) selector fork n. part of the selector
(NOTE: opposite is primary mechanism of a manual gearbox,
winding) shaped like a two-pronged fork,
second (gear) n. low gear used to which fits into the groove round a
build up speed and for steep hills: coupling sleeve and moves a
Soá 2 sliding pinion forward or back
section repair n. an effective and along a selector rod: Caøng cua
economical repair method where gaït soá trong hoäp soá
extensive damage is confined to a z selector lever n. (automatic
specific section of the body shell gearbox) lever which permits the
and an undamaged section is driver to adapt the gearchanging
taken from a vehicle which has processes to particular road or
been written off: Söï phaân vuøng driving conditions (slippery road
söûa chöõa thaân xe (laøm ñoàng) surface, hilly terrain, towing) by
sector shaft n. = ROCKER SHAFT: choosing one of the drive ranges;
Truïc reõ quaït trong hoäp cô caáu reverse, neutral, and parking lock
laùi. are also selected by means of the
sedan n. US = SALOON: Xe oâtoâ mui selector lever: Caàn choïn soá.
kín z selector lever lock = locks the
seed n. (paint fault) a uniform selector lever in 'Neutral' or 'Park'
distribution of small particles of unless the dirver depresses the
regular size and pattern in a paint brake pedal: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn
film; caused by contamination of soá
the paint and poor filtration of the z selector rod n. rod running the
air lines: Sôn bò noåi haït. length of the gearbox, along which
seize v. to become stuck; used of the selector fork travels: Caùp caøi
moving parts, such as a piston, and soá
commonly caused by lack of self-adjusting a. of a mechanism that
lubrication leading to overheating: adjusts itself to compensate for
Keït kính, ruùp peâ (piston) wear or to maintain a certain
selective corrosion n. corrosion of distance or level (as of heat): Töï
alloys whereby the components ñieàu chænh (theo ñoä moøn hoaëc
react in proportions differing from nhieät)
their proportions in the alloys: AÊn z self-aligning torque n. (of
moøn theo tyû leä trong hôïp kim tyres) the restoring force of a tyre
z selective transmission n. at the centre of the footprint when
transmission layout in which the subjected to a side force, as when
operator can select any ratio at cornering; this attempt to reduce
any time without having to shift the slip angle by the tyre makes
through a number of ratios in a the steering feel heavy to

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self-cancelling indicator self-parking wiper

the driver: Hoaøn löïc khi xe quay when the current in an inductive
voøng. circuit changes and the magnetic
z self-cancelling indicator n. all field cuts the conductors; this
modern direction indicators switch induced electromotive force
off automatically when the opposes the change in current,
steering wheel is returned to the restricting it if the current is
straight-ahead position: Ñeøn baùo increasing and enhancing it if the
reõ (xi nhan) töï taét khi xe chaïy current is decreasing: Söï töï caûm
thaúng. z self-induction back-voltage =
z self-centring (effect) n. back-voltage produced by self-
(steering geometry) the forces in induction: Söùc ñieän ñoäng töï
a steering system that set the front caûm.
wheels straight hen grip on the z self-levelling shock absorber
steering wheel is released after n. = AIR SHOCK ABSORBER:
cornering: Löïc laøm tay laùi thaúng Boä giaûm xoùc khoâng khí
sau khi oâm cua (quay voøng). z self-levelling suspension
z self-cleaning n. the ability of a system = AUTOMATIC LEVEL
sparking plug to burn off the CONTROL (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
deposits of carbon and oil which treo töï ñoäng
build up due to tracking across the z self-levelling (suspension)
tip: Khaû naêng töï laøm saïch cuûa strut = suspension strut
bougie incorporating a shock absorber
z self-cleaning limit = the lower with a rubber boot filled with
limit of the self-cleaning compressed air, serving as an
temperature, generally about auxiliary pneumatic spring:
500°C: Giôùi haïn cuûa nhieät ñoä töï Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo töï
laøm saïch caân baèng
z self-diagnosis n. test function z self-locking nut n. nut with a
in electronic enigne management nylon insert that binds on the
systems with a test programme thread and resists vibration: Ñai
monitoring input and output oác töï khoùa
signals, detecting errors and z self-operating clutch n. =
storing them permanently in a CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH: Ly
fault memory: Söï töï chaån ñoaùn hôïp ly taâm
z self-energizing see SERVO z self-parking n. the ability of a
BRAKE car to park automatically, without
z self-ignition n. (diesel engine) any input from the driver;
ignition of the air/fuel mixture introduced by the VW Futura in
caused by high pressure and 1991: Heä thoáng töï ñoã xe
temperature: Söï töï chaùy (ñoäng cô z self-parking wiper =
Diesel) windscreen wiper that
z self-induction n. this occurs automatically returns to the

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self-priming pump semi-independent suspension

(horizontal) park position when correction of the damping rate:

switched off: Söï töï ñoäng döøng Heä thoáng treo ñieän töû
cuûa caàn gaït nöôùc (ñeå khoâng che z semi-automatic transmission
maét) n. transmission in which the
z self-priming pump n. pump clutch is disengaged and re-
which is able to evacuate and engaged automatically when the
prime the suction pipe: Bôm töï driver actuates the gear lever:
ñoäng moài nöôùc Hoäp soá baùn töï ñoäng
(NOTE: opposite in nonself- z semiconductor n. solid
priming pump) material such as silicon that has a
z self-regulating sheathed-type resistivity midway between that of
glow plug n. originally sheathed- a conductor and a resistor, with
type glow plugs with a self- properties of both a conductor and
regulating heating coil, now with a an insulator; used as substrates for
heating and regulating coil: semiconductor devices such as
Bougie xoâng töï ñieàu chænh nhieät. diodes, transistors, and integrated
z self-starter n. = STARTER circuits: Chaát baùn daãn
MOTOR: Moâtô khôûi ñoäng ñoäng z semiconductor ignition system
cô = ignition system that uses
z self-tapping screw n. steel semiconductors for the swtching
screw which cuts its own thread operations: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
when screwed through a pilot hole baùn daãn
into sheet metal: Ñinh oác töï khoùa z semi-elliptic leaf spring n.
sem n. a preassembled fastener, leaf spring with a camber in the
consisting of any type of screw or form of one half of an ellipse: Laù
bolt, furnished with a toothed nhíp hình baùn elip
washer: OÁc sieát coù loong ñeàn z semi-floating axle n. live rear
raêng axle assembly in which the weight
semaphore indicator n. direction of the vehicle is transferred from
indicator used before flashers the axle housing to the axle shaft,
were introduced, consisting of a usually by a bearing within the
lighted arrow that popped out housing, close to the wheel centre
from the side of the car when the plane; the end of the axle shaft
turn indicators switch was facing the differential is supported
actuated: Loaïi ñeøn baùo reõ (xi- by the differential bearings, i. e.
nhan) kieåu cuõ the axle shaft will carry rotational
(NOTE: also called trafficator) as well as bending loads: Loaïi
semi-active suspension n. caàu sau maø khoái löôïng xe truyeàn
suspension whose characteristics töø voû caàu ñeán truïc qua voøng bi
can be tuned to driving conditions, z semi-independent suspension
such as by hydraulic adjustment of n. rear axle design with a
spring supports plus electronic torsionally flexible crossmember,

304
semi trailer sequential fuel injection (SFI)

the wheels being located on to form a joint: Keo daùn 2 maët

trailing links: Heä thoáng treo baùn z separate chassis n. the
ñoäc laäp traditional body and frame design
z semi trailer n. type of trailer before the introduction of unitary
that only has wheels at the rear, construction; the body was
the front being supported by the lowered onto the chassis and
towing vehicle: Rô mooc chæ coù bolted toit: Khung gaàm loaïi taùch
baùnh sau rôøi.
Sendzimir process n. continuous z separate lubrication n.
strip galvanizing process, named engine lubrication principle
after its inventor: Qui trình maï whereby the oil is no longer
ñieän Sendzimir mixed with the fuel, but is fed by
sensor n. any device that receives a metering pump from a separate
and reacts to a signal, such as a oil tank to the engine components
change in voltage, temperature or to be lubricated: Söï boâi trôn ñoäc
pressure: Caûm bieán laäp (khoâng pha nhôùt vaøo xaêng).
z sensor flap = part of an airflow (NOTE: opposite is petrol
sensor which serves as a measure lubrication)
for the induced air volume; a z separation n. after long
potentiometer converts sensor flap storage, liquid ingredients of
movement into changes in paints and fillers may separate in
electrical voltage, a form in which the can on top of the material; in
these signals can be evaluated by most cases, this can be overcome
the fuel injection control unit: by stirring the contents of the can
Caùnh tröôït trong caûm bieán ño thoroughly before use: sôn bò laéng
gioù caùnh tröôït z separation line n. =
z sensor plate = plate in the CUTTING LINE: Ñöôøng caét.
mixture control unit of a CIS, z separator n. (a) generally,
attached to a lever that operates anything that physically separates
the control plunger in the fuel one part from another: Thieát bò,
distributor; the sensor plate vaät caùch ly
position is governed by the (b) (of lead-acid battery) plates
amount of air admitted to the of insulating material which
engine via the throttle valve and physically separate the positive
auxiliary air regulator: Caùnh ño plates from the negative plates:
gioù trong heä thoáng phun xaêng Taám caùch ñieän (aéc quy)
kieåu K. (c) a filter or trap: Loïc
separate-application adhesive n. sequential fuel injection (SFI) n.
adhesive consisting of two parts; fuel injection system in which
one part being applied to one face bursts of petrol are sprayed into
and the other part to the other face the inlet ports by injectors at timed
and the two faces brought together intervals: Heä thoáng phun nhieân

305
series setting

lieäu tuaàn töï (ñoäc laäp) 12 months or 10,000 miles,

(NOTE: also called timed fuel whichever should come sooner):
injection) Khoaûng thôøi gian giöõa 2 laàn baûo
z sequential spark n. = döôõng
FOLLOW-UP SPARK z service life n. the length of
series n. two or more components time a component or system will
connected in a circuit so that the remain reliable and safe: Tuoåi
same current flows in turn through thoï maùy moùc
each of them: Noái tieáp (maïch z servicing n. carrying out a
ñieän) service: Söï baûo döôõng
(NOTE: opposite is parallel) servo n. (informal) =
z series circuit = circuit with two SERVOMECHANISM
or more resistance units so wired z servo-assisted a. = POWER-
that current must pass through one ASSISTED: Trôï löïc
unit before reaching the other: z servo brake n. a drum brake
Maïch ñieän noái tieáp in which the shoes are arranged so
serrated shaft n. shaft with V- that one shoe helps to apply the
shaped grooves: Truïc then hoa other, to create a self-energizing
serration n. series of teeth on an effect in both shoes: Phanh troáng
edge (as on a saw): Ñöôøng raêng vôùi tang naøy ñaåy tang kia
cöa z servomechanism n. device
service 1 n. periodic overhaul, that provides power assistance to
usually carried out by a garage; operate a control (e. g. a brake or
includes changing the oil and oil clutch): Cô caáu trôï löïc.
filter, checking the brakes, tyres, z servo motor n. small electric
ignition (usually changing the motor that supplies power to a
sparking plugs), electrical, fuel servomechanism: Moâ tô trôï löïc
and cooling systems, and taking set v. (a) to adjust to a standard:
the vehicle on a test run to check Ñieàu chænh
the steering, suspension, and (b) (e. g. body filler) to harden:
transmission systems as well as Laøm cho cöùng
the performance of the engine and setscrew n. fully threaded bolt with a
brakes: Vieäc baûo döôõng ñònh kyø parallel shaft, used to secure
2 v. to carry out a service on a metal parts together (such as a hub
vehicle: Baûo döôõng or wheel to a shaft); can have a
z service brake n. foot-operated variety of heads, the most
brake used for retarding, stopping common being hexagonal, round
and controlling the vehicle during or countersunk: Ñinh oác haõm, giöõ
normal driving conditions: Phanh setting n. (a) adjustment: Söï ñieàu
chaân chænh
z service interval n. the time or (b) (e. g. body filler) hardening:
mileage between services (e. g. Söï cöùng laïi cuûa ma tít

306
settle sheathed-type glow plug

settle v. to sink to the bottom (of a Phaàn khoâng coù ren treân thaân bu
liquid): Laéng xuoáng (cuûa chaát loâng
loûng). (b) the part of a bit which is held
SFC = SPECIFIC FUEL in the drill: Ñaàu gaén löôõi khoan
CONSUMPTION: Möùc tieâu haoï z shank length = (of bolts) the
nhieân lieäu rieâng. distance from the last full form
SFI = SEQUENTIAL FUEL thread to the bearing face: Chieàu
INJECTION: Söï phun nhieân lieäu daøi phaàn thaân bu loâng khoâng
tuaàn töï laøm ren
shackle n. pivoting link between the shared component n. parts or
rear end of a leaf spring and the components which are identical in
bodywork or chassis, which moves various models of a car family,
as the length of the spring varies: such as those used on a saloon and
Voøng keïp nhíp xe its convertible derivative; typical
z windscreen shackle = shared components are body
SUNSHIELD: Taám che naéng panels, suspension components,
shaft n. round bar which transmits brakes: Nhöõng phuï tuøng duøng
turning power from one part to chung ñöôïc treân caùc ñôøi xe khaùc
another: Truïc nhau.
z shaft distributor = distributor shaving (the body) n. custom car
whose drive shaft projects into the modification to remove all chrome
engine; the shaft is driven via a parts at the front or rear end to
gearing system or a coupling: Boä achieve smooth contours
chia ñieän coù truïc daøi. highlighted only by the paint and
(NOTE: opposite is short-type the body modifications; in most
distributor) cases, only a side chrome strip is
z shaft seal = seal used to retained: Toâ xe, veõ trang trí xe
prevent leaks between stationary (NOTE: also called nosing or
parts and rotating shafts and to decking)
exclude foreign matter: Phoát laøm shear v. to distort or fracture as a
kín truïc result of excess torsion or
z shaft sleeve = sleeve which transverse load: Bieán daïng (gaõy
protects a shaft from erosion, ñöùt) do xoaén
corrosion, and wear at shaft seals: z shear (head) bolt n. bolt
OÁng boïc ngoaøi truïc, chuïp buïi whose head may (intentionally) be
shallow pits n. corrosion in the form sheared off to make extraction
of pits whose diameter is difficult: Söï bieán daïng ñaàu bu-
substantially larger than their loâng
depth: Veát gæ caïn. sheathed-type glow plug n. single-
shammy leather : Da thuoäc. pole glow plug having a tubular
shank n. (a) the part of a bolt heating element with a heating
between the head and the thread: coil or a heating and regulator coil

307
sheath flame shifting

enclosed in a thermally cutting out excessive material:

conductive insulator ceramic: Phaàn coøn laïi cuûa caùc taám kim
bougie xoâng 1 cöïc loaïi sau khi caét khung
z sheath flame n. the outer area z sheet metal roller = large
of an oxyacetylene flame machine to curve or roll metal in a
surrounding the inner cone and the single plane: Maùy caùn taám kim
flame feather: Phaàn ngoaøi ngoïn loaïi
löûa haøn. sheet wheel n.wheel made aluminium
sheet metal n. metal (steel) in the sheet material: Baùnh xe ñöôïc cheá
form of a thin sheet (pressed to taïo töø vaät lieäu nhoâm taám
form car body panels): Taám kim sheet panel n. a deep-drawn steel
loaïi panel fitted horizontally behind
z sheet metal blank = a flat the rear seat back-rest of
sheet metal panel as supplied by notchback saloons to support the
the trade; used to make repair plastic or foam moulding that
panels for various body repair makes up the rear shelf, visible
purposes: taám kim loaïi ñeå vaù from the outside: Taám kim loaïi
thuøng xe phía sau gheá sau.
z sheet metal clamp = lock-grip shell n. structural case or housing: Voû
pliers with wide, flat jaws used to cuûa boä phaän naøo ñoù.
locate sheet metal parts for z shell bearing n. type of
welding or to bend small sheet bearing used for main bearings
metal parts along the edges of the and big-end bearings, consisting
jaws: keàm keïp taám kim loaïi ñeå of a circular housing which can be
haøn divided into two halves, and which
(NOTE: when used for bending encloses a pair of bearing shells:
sheet metal, may also be referred Baïc loùt 2 nöûa (coát maùy)
to as bending pliers) sherardizing n. coating iron objects
z sheet metal cutter = any tool with zinc powder by tumbling in
used to cut sheet metal: Maùy caét powdered zinc at about 250-
taám kim loaïi 375°C: Söï traùng keõm, maï keõm.
z sheet metal folder = machine shield(ing) n. = SCREEN(ING)
used to bend sheet metal along a shift v. US to change gear: Thay ñoåi
predetermined line using soá
mechanical force: Duïng cuï uoán, z shifter n. US gear or selector
gaáp meùp taám kim loaïi lever : Tay gaït soá
z sheet metal remains = a strip z shift(er) fork = selector fork:
of metal left on the edges after the Caàn sang soá
bulk of a panel has been cut out; z shifting n. US =
this strip is then removed carefully GEARCHANGE: Sang soá
to ensure that the flanges to avoid z shift interlock n. US device

308
shift lever short circuit

which prevents different shift cheâm suù paùp

forks in the transmission from shock absorber or (informal) shock
being moved at the same time, by n. any device designed to absorb
locking into the inoperative shift mechanical shock but especially
fork as the other is being moved; a the spring damper in a vehicle
gearchange cannot be made suspension system: Boä giaûm chaán
unless the inoperative shift fork is z shock absorber tower = sheet
in its neutral position: Khoùa caøng metal panel of hollowed or box-
sang soá section design that is spot-welded
z shift lever n. (a) US = GEAR to the body and serves as an
LEVER anchoring point for the top shock
(b) (inside an automatic absorber mount: UÏ treân boä giaûm
gearbox) lever which connects chaán
the selector lever cable to the shopping car n. similar to a city car,
manual valve of the control valve may be even smaller: Xe nhoû
body: Caàn choïn soá. shop primer n. coating which
(c) component used in pre- temporarily protects a work from
engaged starter motors to force corrosion, e. g. during shipment:
the pinion against the flywheel Phuû saùp ñeå choáng aên moøn khi
ring gear: Caàn ñaåy trong rô le vaän chuyeån xe baèng ñöôøng thuyû
gaøi khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng shore hardness (test) n. test method
z shift lock n. (automatic for the determination of
gearbox) = SELECTOR LEVER indentation hardness of nonrigid
LOCK: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn soá (töï plastics: Phöông phaùp kieåm tra
ñoäng) ñoä cöùng nhöïa
z shift valve n. US = CHANGE short arm/ long arm (SALA)
VALVE: Van ñoåi soá suspension n. = UNEQUAL-
shim 1 n. (a) thin packing strip (e. g. LENGTH WISHBONE
between wishbone and frame): SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
Mieáng vieàn moûng ñoøn ngaén/ñoøn daøi
(b) (valve clearance) a spacer short block n. engine block complete
required for the adjustment of with crankshaft and piston
valve clearance in OHC- or assemblies but without external
DOHC-engines equipped with parts such as head, sump, oil or
tappets: Mieáng cheâm suù paùp fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng cô
2 v. to modify by the use of goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc
shims: Cheâm, cheøn baèng ñeäm khuyûu.
shimmy n. rapid side-to-side z short block engine = engine
vibration of the front wheels: Söï with a relatively short crankshaft:
ñaûo baùnh tröôùc Ñoäng cô coù truïc khuyûu ngaén.
shim pliers n. = VALVE SHIM (NOTE: opposite is long block)
PLIERS: Caùi kìm thaùo laép mieáng short circuit n. electrical fault

309
short circuiting SID

whereby the current bypasses part the drive coupling is located

of the circuit and finds a path of directly at the base of the ignition
low resistance through which an distributor housing: Boä chia ñieän
excessive current can flow, kieåu ngaén (khoâng coù truïc daãn
causing a fuse to blow, wiring to ñoäng)
be overloaded or a flat battery: (NOTE: opposite is shaft
Ñoaûn maïch, ngaén maïch distributor)
z short circuit between the shoulder n. the part of a tyre
plates = undesirable electrically between the tread and the
conductive connection between sidewall: Hoâng voû xe
positive and negative plates shrink-fit v. to achieve an extremely
within a battery cell; makes close fit, by either expanding the
battery inoperative: Söï chaäp external part by heating, or
maïch giöõa hai baûn cöïc aéc quy contracting the internal part by
z short circuiting n. occurs cooling, so that when the parts
during the scavenging process of a return to normal temperature they
two-stroke engine when some of fit tightly together: Laép noùng
the fresh mixture entering the hoaëc laïnh
cylinder may flow across the shrinking n. body repair technique
cylinder and escape via the used to repair locally stretched
exhaust ports without producing areas by using heat or special
any scavenging effect: Söï loït khí body hammers: Kyõ thuaät laøm
trong quaù trình queùt khí ôû ñoäng ñoàng thaân xe.
cô hai kyø. shunt (informal) 1 v. to crash: Ñaâm
z short engine n. fully saàm vaøo
reconditioned engine but without z shunt firing or shunting n.
external parts such as head, sump, (sparking plug) short circuit at the
oil or fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng firing end, caused by electrically
cô goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc conductive deposits: Roø ñaùnh löûa
khuyûu vöøa ñaïi tu. do muoäi than.
z short stroke engine n. shut line n. line between a closed
reciprocating piston engine whose door and the bodywork: Khe hôû
bore diameter is larger than the giöõa cöûa vaø thaân xe.
stroke; a relatively short stroke shutter (blade) n. curved metal vane
improves high-end revving ability of a Hall generator: Caùnh chaén
at the cost of low-end torque: cuûa caûm bieán Hall
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình pittoâng shuttle valve n. valve in which the
ngaén actuating member shuttles back
(NOTE: opposite is long stroke and forth: Van con thoi
engine) SI = SPARK IGNITION: Söï ñaùnh
z short-type distributor n. löûa baèng tia löûa (cöôõng böùc)
distributor without a drive shaft; SID = SIDE IMPACT DUMMY:

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side bumper panels side step

Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va front lamp, often incorporated in
chaïm beân hoâng. the headlamp: Ñeøn nhoû trong
z side bumper panels n. large ñeøn ñaàu
plastic body side mouldings z side marker light/lamp n. low-
attached to the lower body sides intensity lamp mounted on the
which protect the body against side of a vehicle to indicate its
road debris, road salt corrosion presence when seen side-on: Ñeøn
and mechanical impact: Taám caûn baùo beân hoâng (baùo kích thöôùc
beân hoâng. xe)
(NOTE: introduced on Mercedes- z side member n.box-section
Benz cars by chief designer Bruno member inboard of the outer sill
Sacco, thus also called Sacco that often runs from the front to
panels) the rear of the car and provides
sidedraught carburettor n. reinforcement of both sides of the
carburettor with a horizontal floorpan: Thanh doïc söôøn xe
barrel so that the air intake is at z side pipe n. exhaust pipe
the side: Boä cheá hoøa khí huùt running along the side of the car:
ngang OÁng poâ doïc hoâng xe.
z side electrode n. earth z side radiator guard n.
electrode at the side of the moulded cover panel fitted to the
threaded part of a sparking plug sides of the radiator to protect it
shell: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie from water splashes: Taám chaén
z side flasher n. small (amber) beân hoâng keùt nöôùc
direction indicator located in the z side rail n.= SIDE MEMBER
side of the frontwings: Ñeøn baùo z side rod n. = TIE ROD: Thanh
reõ xi nhan beân hoâng xe laùi, roâ tuyn
z side gear n. = z side scoop n. air intake for the
DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR engine and/or for cooling on mid-
z side impact bar n. longitudinal engine or rear-engine cars;
reinforcing beam in a car door, typically found on sports cars such
designed to withstand side impact: as the Ferrari range: Khí naïp cho
Taám baûo veä beân hoâng ñoäng cô ôû giöõa hoaëc sau xe.
z side impact dummy (SID) = z side shaft n. = AXLE SHAFT
dummy developed to investigate z side shake n. = END PLAY
the effects of side impact crashes: z side shift n. damage to the
Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va frame when the vehicle has been
chaïm beân hoâng. hit from the side: Söï bieán daïng
z sidelamp n. = SIDELIGHT phaàn beân hoâng (do bò ñuïng beân
z side-lift jack n. = TOWER hoâng).
JACK: Con ñoäi daïng thaùp (ñoäi z side step n. (commercial
cheát) vehicles) step plate below the
z sidelight n. low-intensity white doors to facilitate entry into the

311
sideswipe silicon

relatively high cabin: Baäc böôùc thaân xe

leân xe silencer n. (a) (exhaust system)
z sideswipe n. body damage device through which the exhaust
caused by the car hitting an gases pass and which reduces
obstacle at an acute angle, causing exhaust noise: OÁng giaûm thanh,
the panels to be dented over a oáng poâ
relatively large area: Söï hö hoûng (NOTE: US English is muffler)
beân hoâng xe khi ñuïng vaøo (b) (air duct) device in an air-
chöôùng ngaïi vaät theo höôùng conditioning system designed to
nghieâng. minimize pumping sounds from
z side-valve (SV) engine n. the compressor: Giaûm aâm cho
engine with the valves to the side maùy neùn trong heä thoáng ñieàu
of the cylinders: Ñoäng cô vôùi xuù hoaø nhieät ñoä
paùp ñaët beân hoâng xylanh. z silencer shaft n. = BALANCE
z sidewall n. (a) side of a tyre SHAFT
between the bead and the edge of z silencer-tailpipe tool n. (i)
the tread: Caïnh voû xe. chisel-type tool with several
(b)vertical part of the box section cutting edges to cut silencer
of a side member: Caïnh beân cuûa sleeves without damaging
thanh doïc khung xe. tailpipes; (ii) L-shaped tool whose
SI engine n. spark ignition engine or short end is sriven between the
petrol engine: internal combustion silencer and tailpipe to break the
engine of the reciprocating type in bond: Duïng cuï caét voû oáng boâ
which an air/ fuel mixture is silent chain n.chain with V-shaped
compressed and then ignited by an teeth: Loaïi daây xích coù raêng chöõ
electric spark: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa V
cöôõng böùc silica n. common mineral (silicon
sight glass n. viewing glass or window dioxide) found as sand, quartz,
set in the refrigerant pipe of a etc. , used in the manufacture of
car's air-conditioning system, glass, ceramics and abrasives:
usually in the top of the receiver- Caùt traéng (Silic ñioxyt)
drier, which allows a visual check z silica gel = form of silica
of the refrigerant passing from the capable of absorbing large
receiver to the evaporator: Cöûa quantities of water, used to keep
kính xem tình traïng ga laïnh treân electronic apparatus, etc. , dry:
loïc ga Chaát huùt aåm
(NOTE: the fluid should be clear z silica sand = form of silica used
and free of foam) for sherardizing or mechanical
z sighting point gauge n. device plating: Caùt duøng khi maï
incorporating a sighting pin, used zsilicon n.non-metallic chemical
to measure car bodies for element occurring in several
misalignment: Thieát bò ño ñoä leäch forms (principally sand and rock),

312
silicon carbide single-cut file

used in the manufacture of glass consists of two simple planetary

and steel (as well as transistors gear sets with a common sun gear
etc.): Silic (hoùa hoïc) and internal dears of different ;the
z silicon carbide = material of planet carrier of one set isfixed to
excellent abrasion and corrion the internal gear of the other set:
resistance used in bearings and Cuïm baùnh raêng haønh tinh
mechanical seals: cacbua silic Simpson
(thöôøng duøng trong baïc ñaïn) z single-bed 3-way catalytic
z silicone n. a silicon compound converter n. converter for the
with high resistance to heat, water control of HC, CO, and NOx
and chemicals, and with good emissions, consisting of one three-
insulating and lubricating way catalyst; in combination with
properties; used in oils, polishes, an oxygen sensor, this type of
sealant, etc.: Keo silicon converter ueilds the lowest
z silicon brake fluid = brake emission values: Boä xuùc taùc ba
fluid with does not absorb water: taùc duïng
Daàu phanh silicon (khoâng huùt z single-bed oxidizing converter
nöôùc) = converter with one catalyst bed
z silicon-rubber sealant = semi- for HC and CO control: Boä xuùc
liquid sealant which is proof taùc moät taùc duïng
against oil and water but not z single-circuit braking system
petrol: Chaát bòt kín baèng cao su n. old form of hydraulic braking
silicon (cho nöôùc, nhôùt) system in which a single circuit
(NOTE: also called RTV sealant) serves all four brakes: Heä thoáng
sill n. (a) longitudinal box-section phanh moät maïch daàu
member of the body shell at floor (NOTE: not to be confused with
level, located below the doors (b) single-line braking system)
box-section crossmember just z single-coil twin ignition n. in
below the loweredge of the the early days of straight eight
bootlid (when closed): Caùi engines, a distributor with two sets
ngöôõng cöûa. of contact points, firing
sillment seal n. (sparking plug) gas- alternately: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
tight seal between centre coù boä chia ñieän vôùi hai vít löûa.
electrode and insulation and z single-connector system n.
between insulation and shell. electrical circuit, where only one
Sillment: Ñeäm kín giöõa söù caùch conductor is laid from the voltage
ñieän vaø ñieän cöïc giöõa bougie source to the load; return is
silver-plating n. electrolytic realized via the vehicle body: Heä
deposition of silver: Maï baïc thoáng ñieän moät daây (duøng söôøn
simplex chain n. chain with only one xe laøm daây daãn chung)
row of rollers: Xích ñôn z single-cut file n. file with
Simpson (planetary) gear set n. teeth in one direction only, used

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single-cylinder engine sink in

for filing soft material: Giuõa coù and trailers: Heä thoáng laùi moät
raêng theo moät höôùng. truïc ñöùng
z single-cylinder engine n. not z single-plate clutch n. normal
used on cars but typical for small type of clutch, with one driven
motorbikes, motocross bikes, and plate; usually dry (i. e. without
go-carts: Ñoäng cô moät xy lanh oil): Ly hôïp moät ñóa (thöôøng laø
z single-decker bus n. bus with loaïi khoâ)
one storey or deck: Xe buyùt moät z single point injection (SPI) n.
taàng petrol fuel-injection system which
z single-grade (engine) oil n. oil sprays fuel under pressure into the
suitable for use within a narrow intake air at one place, usually the
temperature range; outside this throttle body on the inlet
range, its flow characteristics will manifold; it is less complicated
not allow adequate lubrication: than a multi-point injection system
Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp but achieves better carburation
z single-leaf spring n. single than a carburettor: Heä thoáng
element suspension spring in the phun ñôn ñieåm
form of a flexible beam: Nhíp z single roller chain n. =
ñôn. SIMPLEX CHAIN: Xích con laên
z single-line braking system n. ñôn
braking system in which a single z single-spark ignition coil n. in
line is used to connect towing a distributorless ignition system
vehicle and trailer: Heä thoáng with an odd number of cylinders,
phanh moät maïch daàu each cylinder requires its own
(NOTE: not to be confused with ignition coil; distributor logic on
single-circuit braking system) the low-voltage side performs the
z single overhead camshaft voltage distribution to each coil:
(sohc or SOHC) n. in a typical Boâbin ñôn
sohc engine, the camshaft is z single-tube shock absorber n.
located between the valves and is common type of shock absorber
driven by a chain from the with the working cylinder and
crankshaft; the valves are reservoir contained in one tube:
normally opened via short roker Boä giaûm chaán moät oáng
arms: Ñoäng cô coù moät truïc cam z single-wheel suspension n. =
treân naép maùy INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:
z single-piece rim/wheel n. = Heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
ONE-PIECE RIM/WHEEL: sink in v. a tendency of a hardened
Nieàng xe / baùnh xe lieàn filler to settle excessively, making
z single-pivot steering n. the feather edges of the filled area
steering in which a beam axle is stand out on the painted surface:
pivoted at its midpoint; rare Hieän töôïng ma tít troài ra ngoaøi
except on horse-drawn vehicles vuøng sôn (sôn)

314
SIR sleeve

sinter v. to manufacture parts the road surface by the tyres, as a

from powdered metals by heating result of emergency braking: Veát
or pressure or both: Saûn xuaát chi tröôït baùnh xe treân ñöôøng khi
tieát töø boät kim loaïi phanh gaáp
SIR = SUPPLEMENTARY z skid pan or US skid pad n.
INFLATABLE RESTRAINT large paved area, usually circular
six-cylinder engine n. engine with and with various circles painted on
six cylinders; may be in-line (a it, made deliberately slippery so it
straight six) or in a V-layout (a V- may be used to practise
6): Ñoäng cô saùu xy lanh controlling skids, lateral
z six-light saloon n. old acceleration tests, etc.: Khoaûnh
designation of a four-door body ñaát taäp tröôït (daønh cho nhöõng
style that features another small ngöôøi laùi xe coù theå taäp xöû lyù
quarter window behind the rear nhöõng tröôït xe) khi tröôït
side doors, resulting in three side z skid plate n. = SUMP GUARD
windows per side or six windows skin n. the outer covering surface of
overall: OÂ toâ mui kín saùu cöûa a vehicle: Lôùp sôn ngoaøi (xe)
z sixteen valve (16V) engine n. skirt: Phaàn thaân döôùi
a four-cylinder engine with four skylight n. pop-up window in the roof
valves to each cylinder: Ñoäng cô of a caravan: Cöûa soå ôû mui xe
16 suù paùp slant engine n.= INCLINED ENGINE
size marking n. first part of a tyre SLA suspension n. = SHORT
marking moulded on the sidewall, ARM/LONG ARM SUSPENSION
giving the tyre's width in slatted grille n. aerodynamic radiator
millimetres: Beà roäng voû xe ghi grille developed by Ford in 1976:
beân hoâng voû Keùt nöôùc khí ñoäng hoïc
skeleton construction n. modern slave con rod n. connecting rod of
construction layout of the unitary two-stroke dual piston engines
type, using a skeleton-like which is articulated on the master
assembly as the main structural con rod, not directly on the
member, thus relieving stress crankpin: Thanh truyeàn phuï
from the body sheet metal: moâ (trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø piston ñoâi)
hình khung nguyeân khoái (ñeå z slave cylinder n. small cylinder
giaûm öùng suaát). containing a piston which, under
skid 1 v. (i) to slide sideways (often hydraulic pressure from a master
out of control) (ii) to slide in a cylinder, operates the brake shoes
straight line (as after sudden or pads in hydraulic brakes or
braking with, maybe, locked the working part in any other
brakes): Tröôït hydraulically operated system
2 n. the action or result of (such as clutch slave cylinder): Xy
skidding: Söï tröôït lanh con (phanh, ly hôïp)ï
z skid mark = the mark left on sleeve n. (a) tube fitted

315
sleeve bearing sliding side window

externally over two cylindrical di ñoäng.

parts in order to joint them: OÁng sliding contacts n. (ignition)
boïc ngoaøi ñeå noái 2 oáng assembly developed by Lucas,
(b) = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng that causes the moving contact to
loùt xy lanh slide vertically across the face of
z sleeve bearing n. any bearing the fixed contact when the spark is
of tubular or sleeve-like advanced: vít löûa tröôït (heä thoáng
contruction: baïc loùt daïng oáng ñaùnh löûa Lucas)
slide carburettor n.type of carburettor z sliding friction n. frictional
often used in two-stroke resistance to relative movement of
motocycle engines, in which a surfaces on loaded contact: Ma
slide valve modifies the venturi of saùt tröôït.
the carburettor: Boä cheá hoøa khí z sliding joint or US slip joint or
coù van tröôït (ñoäng cô 2 kyø). plunging joint n. connection in the
z slide hammer n. tool with a drive train, of variable length,
long round shaft on which a which permits the drive shaft to
hammer weight slides; the force change its effective length: Khôùp
produced by quickly moving the noái tröôït.
weight towards the end of the zsliding-mesh gearbox n.
shaft is used for loosening or obsolete type of gearbox in which
pulling off tight parts; often used the gears on the layshaft are fixed
in combination with pullers: Buùa to the shaft rigidly, whereas the
tröôït. gears on the main shaft can slide
z slide valve n. valve that slides on it by means of splines but are
across an aperture to expose the otherwise in permanent rotational
port or opening: Van tröôït. mesh with the shaft: Hoäp soá caøi
sliding-caliper disc brake n. disc soá baèng khôùp tröôït.
brake design with a sliding z sliding-pillar suspension n.
caliper: (i) (caliper floats on once popular front suspension
caliper frame grooves) major layout, incorporated for example
components are: caliper (a casting in Lancia and Morgan cars, in
with one cylinder and piston), which a carrier-mounted stub axle
caliper frame (casting); the caliper slides up and down a vertical
floats on 'ways' in the frame, and pillar with enclosed coil springs
the caliper frame is bolted to the providing the suspension; less
suspension; (ii) (caliper floats on sophisticated versions were used
carliper locating pins) = PIN in several pre-war cycle cars: Heä
SLIDER CALIPER DISC thoáng treo coù truï tröôït
BRAKE; (iii) (with mounting z sliding side window n. window
frame) = FLOATING-FRAME style of classic roadsters,
DISC BRAKE: Boä keïp phanh ñóa consisting of aluminium frames

316
sliding-vane pump sludge

with tracks for two sliding window ñoäng

panels made of clear Plexiglas, 2 v. to drive closely behind
and with draught seals; on some another vehicle in order to benefit
ears, also furnished withflaps: from the decreased wind
Loaïi cöûa hoâng tröôït. resistance immediately behind it:
sliding-vane pump n. positive chaïy sau xe khaùc ñeå ít bò caûn gioù
displacement pump in which an slip the clutch v. to operate the
eccentric rotor revolves in an clutch so that it partially
eccentric or circular case: Bôm disengages, as when keeping up
caùnh tröôït (roâto leïch taâm) the revs when driving off; causes
sliding weight n. functional part of a wear on the clutch: Raø ly hôïp.
sliding hammer that provides the sloper n. (informal) = INCLINED
inertia required for the pulling ENGINE
force: Quaû tröôït (buùa) sloping headlamp n. old headlamp
slip n. relative motion between type used on the VW Beetle prior
driving and driven parts: Söï tröôït to 1967: Ñeøn pha nghieâng
z slip angle n. angular slot n. a narrow channel or aperture,
difference between the direction especially the groove in the head
in which a tyre is effectively of a screw which receives the tip
rolling and the wheel plane: Goùc of the blade of a screwdriver:
tröôït Raõnh, ñaàu vít (vít deïp)
z slip friction n. = SLIDING z slotted piston n. = SPLIT
FRICTION: Ma saùt tröôït SKIRT PISTON
z slip joint n. (a) US = SLIDING slow charging n. (battery) charging
JOINT (b) connection in an using a charging current which
exhaust pipe: Khôùp noái tröôït corresponds to 10% of the battery
slip ring n. in an alternator, the rings capacity: Söï naïp ñieän chaäm (aéc
that form a rotating connection quy)
between the armature windings SLOW DOWN indicator n. indicator
and the brushes: Voøng tieáp ñieän light in the instrument panel that
(maùy phaùt) warns the driver to slow down in
z slip-ring end bracket = cover the event of excessive catalytic
housing the bearing at the slip- converter temperature: Ñeøn treân
ring end of an alternator: mieáng tableau baùo taøi xeá chaïy chaäm laïi
chaën oå bi (phía voøng tieáp ñieän) khi nhieät ñoä cuûa boä xuùc taùc quaù
(NOTE: opposite is drive end cao.
bracket) slow-running n. = IDLING
slip roll n. = SHEET METAL sludge n. = OIL SLUDGE
ROLLER sluggish a. unresponsive; functioning
slip stream 1 n. stream of air behind at below normal rate or level:
a moving vehicle: Luoàng khoâng Hoaït ñoäng döôùi möùc bình
khí ñaèng sau xe ñang chuyeån thöôøng

317
slushbox socket

slushbox n. (informal) = Sn symbol for tin: Thieác

AUTOMATIC GEARBOX: Hoäp snake n. (caravan or trailer) to swing
soá töï ñoäng from side to side when being
slush moulding n. thermoplastic towed too fast: Ñaûo maïnh qua laïi
casting in which a liquid resin is khi keùo nhanh rô mooc
poured into a hot, hollow mould snap ring n. US = CIRCLIP
where a viscous skin forms; snatch v. = GRAB
excess slush is drained off, the snipe-nose pliers n. = LONG-NOSE
mould is cooled, and the moulded PLIERS
product is stripped out: Ñuùc nhöïa snips n. tool used to cut straight,
small block engine n. an American circular and irregular patterns in
V-8 engine with typically 289 cu. sheet metal material; available in
in. displacement; still very various designs for straight, left-
powerful, but not quite as or right-hand cut: Keùo caét toân
gargantuan as the big block: Loaïi snow chains n. chains which are
ñoäng cô V8 cuûa Myõ. wrapped around tyres to provide
z small end n. top of a extra traction in snow or ice: daây
connecting rod, attached to the xích boïc voû xe (khi chaïy ñöôøng
gudgeon pin: Ñaàu nhoû thanh tuyeát)
truyeàn. z snow chain switch = signals the
z small end bearing = the ASR system that snow chains are
smaller bearing of the two on a fitted to the drive wheels: coâng
connecting rod and through which taéc baùo cho heä thoáng oån ñònh xe
the piston is attached; usually bieát baùnh xe boïc xích
fitted with a plain bearing or a snow tyre n. = WINTER TYRE:
needle-roller assembly: Baïc loùt Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân baêng tuyeát
ñaàu nhoû thanh truyeàn. snubber n. = BUMP STOP
SMC = SHEET MOULDING soaking time n. time required before
COMPOUND a dry-charged battery is ready for
SMMT = SOCIETY OF MOTOR use after being filled with acid:
MANUFACTURERS AND Thôøi gian caàn thieát ñeå aéc quy
TRADERS môùi söû duïng ñöôïc sau khi chaâm
smoke n. the visible product of acid
combustion; a common problem Society of Motor Manufacturers and
with diesel cars on starting or Traders (SMMT) n. official
pulling hard, caused by too much organization of the British motor
fuel (black smoke) or oil (blue industry: Hieäp hoäi nhöõng nhaø saûn
smoke): Khoùi xaû (maøu) xuaát vaø kinh doanh oâtoâ
z smoke meter = instrument socket n. (a) any recess formed for
which measures the density of the purpose of receiving a spigot
(especially diesel) exhaust smoke: or other part, especially one into
Duïng cuï ño ñaëc khoùi xaû. which an electrical connector may

318
socket driver soldering iron

be inserted: Loã caém (ñieän) and shape of a small trailer whose

(b) cylindrical spanner head with light weight and low profile result
one end shaped to fit over the in low wind resistance and fuel
head of a nut or bolt, and a female consumption: Xe coù khung ñöôïc
square drive at the other end to boïc baèng vaûi baït.
accept the drive tool: Ñaàu tuyùp, z soft top n. a convertible with a
nuï. roof made of fabric rather than
z socket driver = screwdriver- metal: Xe mui traàn coù mui vaûi
type handle for use with sockets: SOHC or sohc = SINGLE
Tua vít vaën tuyùp. OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT: Truïc
z socket spanner = spanner with cam ñôn treân naép maùy
socket end(s) or a drive tool solar car n. lightweight electric
combined with a socket: Caàn sieát vehicle powered by solar
tuyùp generators: Xe söû duïng naêng
sodium-cooled exhaust valve n. the löôïng maët trôøi
exhaust valves of some high- z solar collector n. heat
performance engines are filled exchanger that transforms solar
with sodium to improve the heat radiant energy into heat; typical
dissipation from the valve stem to solar collectors are flat-plate
the valve guide, since the exhaust collectors and concentrating
valve is subject to higher thermal collectors: Boä thu nhieät maët trôøi
loads than the inlet valve: Suù paùp z solar generator n. a panel-
xaû trong ruoät coù chöùa chaát Natri shaped array of photovoltaic cells
ñeå daãn nhieät designed to transform solar
z sodium-sulphur battery n. radiant energy directly into
new type of battery, with higher electric energy; installed on car
energy density than conventional roofs, they can be used to
batteries such as the lead-acid recharge the batteries of electric-
battery; developed for use in powered cars: Pin naêng löôïng
electric powered vehicles: Bình maët trôøi ñaët treân noùc xe ñieän
aéc quy Na-S solder 1 n. alloy which is melted to
softening agent n. = PLASTICIZER: form a joint between two metal
Chaát laøm meàm surfaces; typically, soft solders are
soft face hammer n. tool for striking alloys of lead and tin, whilst hard
objects without marking; usually solders are alloys of copper and
has replaceable screw-in faces zinc: Hôïp kim haøn (goàm chì vaø
made of plastic, nylon, or rubber: thieác hoaëc ñoàng vaø keõm)
Buùa ñaàu nhöïa. 2 v. to join together using solder:
z soft-sided caravan n. caravan Haøn
with canvas or other fabric walls, z soldering iron n. tool with a
which folds compactly to the size handle attached to a copper or iron

319
solenoid sooted

tip which is heated, electrically or (khoâng coù ruoät)

in a flame, and used to melt solder (NOTE: opposite is pneumatic
to make joints: Duïng cuï keïp que tyre)
haøn soluable anode n. positive electrode
solenoid n. an electrically energized of a galvanic cell at which metal
coil of insulated wire which ions pass into solution: Cöïc döông
produces a magnetic field within hoøa tan (pin gavani)
the coil, usually used to pull a z solution n. single,
movable iron core/plunger to a homogeneous liquid, solid, or gas
central position within the coil; phase that is a mixture in which
used as an actuating device, e. g. the components (liquid, gas, solid,
for valves: Cuoän daây (nam chaâm or combination thereof) are
ñieän) distributed uniformly: Dung dòch
z solenoid starter switch = z solution pressure = measure of
solenoid-operated starter motor the tendency of hydrogen, metals,
switch: Coâng taéc maùy khôûi ñoäng and certain non-metals to pass into
duøng solenoid solution as ions: AÙp suaát tan vaøo
z solenoid valve = valve actuated dung dòch
electrically by means of an z solvent n. liquid which can
electromagnet, or 'solenoid' : Van dissolve another substance to form
solenoid a solution: Dung moâi
solid a. (of brake discs) unventilated: sonic idling or sonic throttling n.
Ñóa phanh khoâng thoâng gioù system developed by Ford, for a
z solid disc wheel n. = PLAIN fixed-jet carburettor which uses
DISC WHEEL air at the speed of sound to
z solidify v. to become solid, atomize fuel supplied by the idling
compact, or hard: Trôû neân cöùng circuit; makes idling smoother and
z solid injection n. = DIRECT reduces exhaust pollution: Xeù
INJECTION: Phun tröïc tieáp nhuyeãn nhieân lieäu baèng sieâu aâm.
z solid paint n. paint of one sonoscope n. diagnostic tool used to
uniform colour, not metallic: Sôn listen for noises in engines and
moät maøu identify trouble spots such as
z solid propellant n. propellant in faulty valves, worn gears and
pellet form, used to inflate air water pump, bearing knock,
bags: Chaát noå raén (tuùi khí) damaged gaskets or piston slap:
z solid-state ignition (system) n. Tai nghe - duïng cuï chaån ñoaùn
= DISTRIBUTORLESS qua tieáng khua cuûa ñoäng cô
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng (NOTE: also called a mechanic's
ñaùnh löûa khoâng duøng boä chia stethoscope)
ñieän sooted or sooty plug n. carbon-
z solid tyre n. solid rubber tyre fouled sparking plug: Bougie bò
that is not inflated by air: Voû ñaëc phu muoäi than

320
sound absorbtion spark advance

sound absorbtion n. the weight and with the space and headroom of a
space restrictions of modern cars van; usually with three rows of
call for sound absorbtion using seats for at least six people and
thin-walled materials, whose with a sliding door on the side
thickness is small in relation to the space: Daïng xe van
wave length of the sound to be spalling n. flaking of the surface of a
absorbed: Söï huùt aâm bearing: Bong beà maët (baïc loùt)
sound proofing material n. any spangles n. crystal structure on hot-
material used to deaden the sound dip galvanized metals: Vaân hoa
from surfaces which transmit or treân maët toân traùng keõm
generate noise; (e. g. felt lining on spanner n. steel hand tool with jaws
the underside of a bonnet): Vaät or a hole of particular shape at the
lieäu caùch aâm end, designed to fit round a nut or
souped up a. (informal) modified or bolt head in order to turn it: Chìa
turned for greater power: Taêng khoùa coù raêng môû ñai oác
coâng suaát cuûa xe baèng caùch caûi spare n. (a) = SPARE PART: phuï
tieán hoaëc hieäu chænh tuøng
space frame n. type of strong, steel (b) = SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe
chassis construction used for döï phoøng
sports cars: Khung xe theå thao z spare part n. a replacement
z spacer n. generally, anything part, either available from a
that separates one part from dealer or carried with the vehicle
another: Vaät ngaên (giöõa hai boä (like bulbs, fuses, plugs, etc.): Ñoà
phaän), mieáng ñeäm Phuï tuøng
z spacer ring = EXPANDER z spares car n. = DONOR CAR
SPACER: Voøng ñeäm z spare tyre/wheel n. additional
space-saving spare wheel n. wheel wheel which allows for the
with a cross-ply tyre folded replacement of a defective wheel
together on the rim; in the event or a punctured tyre: Voû xe / baùnh
of a puncture or a badly damaged xe döï phoøng
wheel, the tyre is inflated by a z spare tyre carrier = on light
compressor: Baùnh xe döï phoøng commercial vehicles, the spare
(NOTE: US English is collapsible wheel is usually mounted below
spare tire) the loading area in a horizontal
space wagon n. a vehicle category rack near the rear axle: Giaù gaén
introduced in the USA in 1983 baùnh xe döï phoøng
with the Chrysler Voyager, and in spark n. electric spark that jumps
Europe at the end of the 1980s across the sparking plug gap to
with the Renault Espace; a multi- initiate the combustion of the
purpose vehicle for everyday and air/fuel mixture: Tia löûa
recreational use that combines the z spark advance n.= IGNITION
handling and luxury of a saloon ADVANCE: Söï ñaùnh löûa sôùm

321
spark air gap sparking plug cable coverstrip

z spark air gap n. gap between löûa

the electrodes of a sparking plug: z spark ignition angle =
Khe hôû bougie IGNITION ANGLE: Goùc ñaùnh
z spark angle n. = IGNITION löûa
ANGLE Goùc ñaùnh löûa z spark ignition engine = SI
z spark-angle map = IGNITION ENGINE: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa
MAP: Baûn ñoà goùc ñaùnh löûa cöôõng böùc
(trong boä nhôù) sparking plug n. device screwed into
z spark breakaway n. end of the cylinder head of spark ignition
spark duration: Keát thuùc khoaûng engines (one sparking plug per
thôøi gian tia löûa toàn taïi cylinder) which initiates fuel
z spark control computer (SCC) combustion by an electric spark
n. electronic control unit with arcing from the centre electrode to
electronic spark timing: Maùy tính the side electrode; typically
ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa consisting of a steel shell with a
z spark current n. current that hexagon and a thread with the
flows across the electrodes of a welded-on side electrode, a
spark gap at a particular point in ceramic insulator and the centre
time: Doøng qua bougie electrode: Bougie
z spark discharge voltage n. = sparking plug body n. = SPARKING
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu PLUG SHELL: Thaân bougie
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa z sparking plug boot n. moulded
z spark duration n. burning time rubber or plastic insulator which
of the arc following the initial fits over a sparking plug terminal:
flashover between the sparking Ñaàu chuïp bougie
plug electrodes until the residual z sparking plug boot puller =
energy decays: Thôøi gian tia löûa special automotive tool for the
toàn taïi safe removal and installation of
spark gap n. = SPARKING PLUG sparking plug boots: Duïng cuï keïp
GAP: Khe hôû bougie keùo naép chuïp bougie
z spark gap coil tester = tester z sparking plug brush n. hard,
providing a spark gap or neon tube compact brush for removing
to provide a comparison for the carbon from sparking plug
coil being tested: maùy kieåm tra electrodes: Baøn chaûi laøm saïch
boâbin bougie
spark head n. displayed as a firing z sparking plug cable n. high-
spike on an oscilloscope pattern: voltage cable from the distributor
Ñaàu nhoïn xung ñaùnh löûa (dao to the sparking plug: Daây phin,
ñoäng kyù) daây cao aùp
z spark ignition n. ignition z sparking plug cable coverstrip
initiated by an electric spark in a = connecting system that
spark ignition engine: Söï ñaùnh integrates the sparking plug

322
sparking plug cable sparking rate

connectors, sparking plug leads, highly stressed part of the

distributor cap, distributor sparking plug, usually made of
connector, high-voltage cable, and alumina ceramic, which serves to
ignition coil connector: Nguyeân insulate the centre electrode and
boä daây cao aùp keå caû naép delco the terminal stud from the shell;
z sparking plug cable or loom its material must have high
separator = typically, a T-shaped dielectric, mechanical and thermal
and sometimes chrome-plated strength as well as good thermal
steel holder with cable guide conductivity: Söù caùch ñieän bougie
holes and plastic inserts; keeps z sparking plug lead n. =
cables neatly in place and SPARKING PLUG CABLE: Daây
eliminates ignition leakage: Ñaàu phin
giöõ daây phin z sparking plug pliers n. pliers-
z sparking plug condition n. like tool with specially shaped
visual appearance of the sparking jaws to securely grip sparking
plug electrodes and insulator: plug boots for removal and
Tình traïng bougie installation, and insulated handles
z sparking plug electrode n. the for shockproof grip: Kìm thaùo laép
two electrodes in a sparking plug naép chuïp bougie
are the centre electrode and the z sparking plug shell n. metal
side (or earth) electrode: Ñieän body of the sparking plug which
cöïc bougie encloses the lower part of the
z sparking plug gap n. the insulator: Thaân bougie (phaàn kim
shortest distance between the loaïi)
centre and side electrodes of a z sparking plug tester n.
sparking plug where the spark screwdriver with a bulb inside the
jumps over (approx. 0.6-1.1 mm): handle, which lights up if a spark
Khe hôû bougie is present when the blade is
z sparking plug gauge n. tool touched against the outside
used for checking sparking plug insulation of the sparking plug
gaps; usually with metal feeler cable: Maùy thöû bougie
blades or calibrated wire feelers; z sparking plug spanner n.
often includes an electrode spanner for removing and
adjusting tool for altering the gap installing sparking plugs; come in
between the electrodes: Duïng cuï a variety of shapes, e. g. with
kieåm tra khe hôû bougie swivel or T-handle, and many
z sparking plug insert tap n. have rubber inserts to prevent
tool used to enlarge and tap new damage to the fragile insulating
threads in damaged sparking plug porcelain: Chìa, oáng môû bougie
holes in order to accept sparking sparking rate n. the sparking rateper
plug inserts: Taroâ loã baét bougie minute in a spark ignition engine
z sparking plug insulator n. is the number of cylinders

323
sparking voltage speed category

multiplied by half the engine who produces a body different

speed: Toác ñoä phaùt ra tia löûa from the standard body: Khung xe
z sparking voltage n. = ñaëc bieät
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu specific activity n. the conversion
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa rate of a given catalytic converter
z spark knock n. = ENGINE per unit volume; it is desirable to
KNOCK: Hieän töôïng kích noå have a high specific activity, i. e. a
trong ñoäng cô small but efficient converter: Toác
z spark map n. = IGNITION ñoä hoaù khöû
MAP: Baûn ñoà ñaùnh löûa sôùm z specification n. detailed
(chöùa trong EEPROM) technical description of a part,
z spark plug n. = SPARKING piece of machinery, plan or
PLUG: Bougie proposal: Caùc ñaëc ñieåm (kyõ
z spark position n. the position thuaät)
of the spark gap in the combustion z specific fuel consumption
chamber: Vò trí tia löûa trong (SFC) n. the amount of fuel
buoàng chaùy consumed by an engine for each
z spark retard n. = IGNITION unit of energy produced;
RETARD: Ñaùnh löûa treã measured in kilograms-per-
z spark timing n. = IGNITION megajoule or per-kilowatt-hour or
TIMING: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa pounds-per-bhp-hour: Möùc tieâu
z spark voltage n. (a) voltage hao nhieân lieäu rieâng
required to maintain the spark specific speed n. an index which
after reduction of the firing provides information on the
voltage (b) voltage measured at general profile or shape of the
the electrodes of a spark gap at a impeller of a pump: Toác ñoä ñaëc
particular point in time (c) = tröng (bôm)
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu specular finish or specular gloss n.
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa a mirrorlike finish of high
spatter n. sparks produced during the reflectivity: ñaùnh boùng nhö
welding process; more göông
pronounced if the welding speech synthesizer n. electronic
parameters are not correctly set or device which simulates speech to
if impurities are present on the warn the driver of something
welded area: tia löûa haøn ñieän wrong (such as an unclosed door):
spec n. (informal) = SPECIFICATION Boä phaùt tieáng noùi (thoâng baùo
special body n. a body not supplied trong xe)
by the car manufacturer or by an speed n. (a) rate of movement:
approved body supplier in the Toác ñoä
case of manufacturers that do not (b) (transmission) gear or gear
build their own bodies, but rather ratio: Tyû soá truyeàn
by an independent coachbuilder z speed category n. = SPEED

324
speed control (system) spherical combustion chamber

RATING indicated by a letter in the tyre

z speed control (system) n. = designation on the sidewall: Kyù
CRUISE CONTROL: Heä thoáng töï treân voû xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña
kieåm soaùt toác ñoä (heä thoáng ga töï cho pheùp
ñoäng) speed ratio n. ratio of the speed of
z speed control vacuum the driving member of a
advance = system which cuts off mechanical drive to the speed of
vacuum ignition advance when a the driven member: Tyû soá truyeàn
car is cruising at low speeds, z speed-sensitive steering n.
typically under 35 mph; for this type of power-assisted steering
purpose, a solenoid-operated which is light at low speeds and
valve is hooked into the distributor increasingly heavier at higher
advance vacuum line, which is speeds, giving the driver more
governed by a speed-dependent feel: Trôï löïc laùi thay ñoåi theo
signal from a switch mounted on toác ñoä xe (nheï ôû toác ñoä thaáp,
the transmission: Heä thoáng ngaét naëng ôû toác ñoä cao)
ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng ôû toác z speed-sensitive wiper system
ñoä thaáp = system which increases blade
z speed limit n. the maximum pressure on the windscreen as the
allowable vehicle speed at any car gathers pace: Heä thoáng gaït
given point: Toác ñoä toái ña cho nöôùc thay ñoåi aùp löïc caàn gaït
pheùp theo toác ñoä xe
z speed nut n. a self-locking z speedster n. a fast, sporty car
device used especially to secure model: Xe theå thao cao toác
sheet metal screws; consists of a z speed symbol n. = SPEED
small steel plate with a hole and RATING
two arched prongs that engage spent gas n. the gases burnt during
with the screw thread; used the previous firing cycle that
extensively to attach plastic parts remain in the combustion chamber
to a steel car body: Nuùt gaøi (gaén of a two-stroke engine after the
ñoà nhöïa vaøo khung theùp cuûa xe) charge changing process has been
z speedometer or (informal) completed and the ports have
speedo n. dashboard instrument been closed by the piston: Khí soùt
showing speed of travel in mph or (trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
km/h: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä xe spherical combustion chamber n.
z speedometer (drive) cable = the combustion chamber of an
cable carrying the drive from the internal combustion engine
gearbox, or a front wheel, to the equipped with reciprocating
speedometer: Daây caùp ñoàng hoà pistons is ideally very compact in
ño toác ñoä design, i. e. without gaps, grooves,
speed rating n. the maximum driving edges, etc. ; the most favourable
speed for which a tyre is designed, design would thus be a sphere but

325
SPI splash panel

the valves of a four-stroke engine handle for use with sockets, used
make this impossible. The to quickly tighten and loosen
combustion chamber in diesel fasteners: Caàn sieát nuï
engines, however, is located in the spiral bevel gear n. bevel gear with
piston crown, where it is in fact curved teeth in the final drive:
spherical: Buoàng chaùy hình caàu Baùnh raêng noùn raêng cong
SPI = SINGLE POINT INJECTION: spiral casing n. = VOLUTE
Phun ñôn ñieåm CASING
spider n. a roadster with more z spiral-type glow plug n. glow
amenities, such as doors, plug having an exposed coil with a
windows, boot, folding top high number of turns: Bougie
(unlined); may also have two xoâng coù daây nung nhieàu voøng
emergency rear seats, power spirit level n. tool for testing if a
steering, electric windows, etc: xe surface is level (or vertical) using
2 cöûa mui traàn gaén theâm nhieàu glass tube containing an air
thieát bò tieän nghi bubble: OÁng ni voâ (oáng thuûy tinh
spigot n. short, cylindrical projection coù chöùa moät boït khoâng khí duøng
on one part designed to fit into a kieåm tra maët phaúng coù naèm
hole in another part, for location ngang khoâng)
or retaining purposes (as for road splashed graphics n. (custom paint)
wheels): Choát ñònh vò paintwork resembling paint drops
z spigot bearing = small bearing and splashes on the body which
in the centre of the flywheel end look as if a can of paint had been
of the crankshaft, which carries spilled over the car; also available
the forward end of the clutch as stickers: Kieåu sôn xe thaønh
shaft: Baïc ñaïn daãn höôùng (giöõa ñoám
baùnh ñaø) splash guard n. US = MUDFLAP
(NOTE: US English is pilot z splash lubrication n. oil from
bearing) the crankshaft journals, under
spindle n. rotating rod that acts as a pressure from the oil pump, is
shaft: Truïc splashed onto the cylinder bores
z spindle cap = small metal cap and gudgeon pins to provide
on the front wheel bearing: Naép lubrication: Söï boâi trôn baèng
chuïp baïc ñaïn baùnh tröôùc caùch vaåy daàu leân chi tieát (aéc
spine-back n. = BACKBONE piston, loøng xy lanh)
CHASSIS z splash panel n. vertical closing
spin galvanizing n. hot dip panel mounted inside the wheel
galvanizing process for small arch ahead of the rear edge of the
objects: Maï noùng front wing and/or hinge area to
spin imbalance n. = RADIAL RUN- protect these areas from splash
OUT water and road dirt: Taám chaén
spinner handle n. screwdriver-type chaát baån

326
splash shield sponge rubber valve

z splash shield n. (of disc bottom but narrow in the middle:

brakes) plate which protects the Tia phun leäch do chænh sai suùng
inner surface of a disc from water phun sôn
and dirt: Taám chaén nöôùc vaø chaát z split-system master cylinder
baån baûo veä phanh ñóa n. = TANDEM MASTER
z splash zone n. section of a car CYLINDER
body subject to extreme corrosion z splitting chisel n. extremely
loads due to water splash: Phaàn flat chisel used for body work and
gaàm xe deã bò aên moøn do nöôùc panel beating: Caùi ñuïc phaúng
vaêng z split washer n. = SPRING
split bearing n. = SHELL LOCK WASHER
BEARING z split-window Beetle n. the
z split collar n. = COLLET original VW Beetle with a 2-part
z split-friction road surfaces n. rear window split vertically;
differing road surfaces (such as produced up to 1953: Loaïi xe
ice and tarmac) offering differing Volkswagen coù cöûa tröôït ñöùng
tyre adhesion: Maët ñöôøng khaùc spoiler n. generally, a wing-shaped
nhau laøm ñoä baùm baùnh xe khaùc device designed to reduce lift at
nhau high speed, but may take various
z split electrode sparking plug forms and may be attached to the
n. sparking plug with a V-shaped vehicle in various places: Thieát bò
side electrode: Bougie coù ñieän daïng caùnh gaén vaøo xe ñeå xe oån
cöïc bìa daïng chöõ V ñònh ôû toác ñoä cao.
z split (folding) rear seats n. spoke n. (a) part connecting the hub
rear seats which may be folded of a wheel to its rim; the number
down in two sections, thus and size of steering wheel spokes
combining some extra luggage have been reduced over the years
space with the possibility of a to improve the view of the
passenger sitting in the back of the instrument panel: Caùi nan hoa
car: Gheá sau gaáp laïi ñöôïc (baùnh xe, voâ laêng …)
split pin n. metal pin for securing (b) = WIRE SPOKE: Nan hoa
a nut or rod, whose ends are bent treân nieàng xe
backwards after insertion: Choát spoke wheel n. a styled, cast or
cheû forged alloy wheel with a wheel
z split skirt piston n. precursor spider which incorporates a spoke
of the modern solid piston skirt, design: Maâm ñuùc giaû nan hoa
with a narrow slot in one side of sponge rubber valve n. a sponge-
the piston to allow for expansion: rubber-lined valve plate attached
Daïng piston cuõ coù khe moät beân to a bimetallic strip, which
z split spray n. incorrect setup controls the air intake temperature
of a spray gun, giving a spray to the carburettor in some BL
pattern that is heavy at the top and cars: Van cao su xoáp

327
spongy lead spreader

kieåm soaùt nhieät ñoä khí naïp features reversible cutting blade
(trong boä cheá hoaø khí). to cut out weld spots without
spongy lead n. pure lead which damaging the sheet metal
serves as the active material in the materials; the cut depth can be
charged negative plates of a varied, e. g. to release the upper
battery: Chì xoáp (laøm cöïc aâm aéc panel only: Duïng cuï thaùo moái
quy) haøn ñieåm
sports car or sportster n. usually a spout n. = TAILPIPE: OÁng poâ
relatively low-profile two-seater, sprag clutch n. type of one-way
sometimes with two spare seats in clutch using spring-loaded locking
the back; emphasis is on handling cams; found in automatic
and performance rather than on gearboxes, overdrives and free-
smooth ride: Xe theå thao wheels: Ly hôïp moät chieàu trong
sport utility car n. a new kind of hoäp soá töï ñoäng
recreational vehicle; combines z spray gun n. (painting)
features of buggies, off-road 4wd apparatus shaped like a gun which
vehicles, and stylish sports cars for delivers an atomized mist of
a 'life-style-conscious' market liquid: Suùng phun sôn
segment; first launched in the z spraying viscosity n. the
USA in 1990: Kieåu xe tieän nghi viscosity required to make a paint
daïng theå thao suitable for spraying; i. e. neither
spot lamp n. long-range, narrow- too thick nor too thin: Ñoä ñaëc cuûa
beamed light used in addition to sôn phun
the headlamps: Ñeøn roïi xa z spray mist n. fogging caused
spotting in n. the respraying of very in the course of spray painting;
small areas: Sôn daëm part of this settles as overspray on
spot welding n. type of resistance adjacent panels and nearby
welding in which two pieces of objects: Buïi sôn
metal are joined at a series of z spray pattern n. the shape of
points (spots) by means of heat the jet of spray leaving a spray
(usually electrically generated) gun: Daïng tia sôn
and pressure; the most important spread n. = OVERALL GEAR
welding method in auto body RATIO
construction: Kyõ thuaät haøn ñieåm spreader n. (a) hand-held tool used
z spot-weld drill n. = SPOT- to apply body filler to a damaged
WELD REMOVER: Maùy khoan area prepared for filling: Caùi bay
thaùo moái haøn ñieåm (treùt ma tít)
z spot-weld remover n. (a) (b) hydraulic jack with ends
special drill bit used to drill out designed to reach behind dented
weld spots on sheet metal material double panels and to press them
without damaging the panels (b) back into shape by the hydraulic
tool for use with a hand drill;

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spreader spring spring wind-up

action of the wedge-shaped ends: spring compressor n. tool used to

Daïng con ñoäi thuyû löïc duøng söûa restrain coil springs for safe
khung removal and installation: Duïng cuï
z spreader spring n. (of disc eùp loø xo
brakes) usually cross-shaped part z spring eye n. cylindrical hole
made of spring steel sheet which formed by bending the end of a
applies radial pressure to the leaf spring round, for attachment
brake pads to prevent rattling: Loø to the vehicle: Loã ñaàu nhíp
xo giaûm oàn cho phanh ñóa z spring hanger n. rubber-
(NOTE: also called anti-rattle bushed bracket on a vehicle
springs) chassis onto which a leaf spring
spring n. a coil, strip or disc of eye is mounted: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp
special steel, a block of rubber or xe
a gas (e. g. air spring) which is z spring-loaded a. held in
elastic enough to absorb and give position by pressure from a spring:
back energy: Loø xo, nhíp xe Chòu söùc eùp loø xo
z spring bar or bow n. (soft top) z spring lock washer n. a
in 5-bar hood mechanisms, an toothed, spring steel washer used
additional bar between the main as a locking device: Loâng ñeàn
bar and the rear window; spring khoùa
loaded, it assists the main bar in z spring mounting n. =
shaping the hood; a similar effect SPRING HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu
can be achieved by spring-steel nhíp xe
leaves embedded in the canvas: z spring rate n. (of springs or
Thanh loø xo tyres) ratio of the load on a spring
z spring beating n metalworking to the amount it moves (deflects),
process for removing pressure measured in newtons per
ridges in body panels in which a millimetre: Tæ soá giöõa taûi vaø ñoä
spring beating spoon is laid on the dòch chuyeån cuûa loø xo (heä soá ñaøn
ridge area and is gradually moved hoài)
across the ridge while the spoon z spring seat n. (suspension
surface is hammered with a body strut) recessed mounting to
hammer: Goø khung bò loài accommodate a coil spring: Beä
z spring bracket n. = SPRING gaén loø xo (heä thoáng treo)
HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp xe z spring shackle n. =
z spring clip n. (a) fastening SHACKLE
device made of an incomplete z spring washer n. a warped-
circle of spring steel, e. g. for looking washer, typically used to
covers: Caùi phe prevent rattling by spring-loading
(b) rebound clip which holds the certain movable threaded
spring leaves of a leaf spring connections: Loâng ñeàn cong
together: Ñai keïp nhíp z spring wind-up n. spring

329
sprocket (wheel) stabilizer belt

deformation under hard acceleration, due to a load transfer

acceleration or deceleration: Bieán from the front to the rear
daïng cuûa loø xo nhuùn khi taêng suspension: Xe bò chuùi ñuoâi
hoaëc giaûm toác squib n. device for detonating the air
sprocket (wheel) n. wheel with teeth bag: Boä phaän kích noå tuùi khí
which engage in a drive chain, e. squirt box n. (informal) carburettor:
g. a timing chain: Baùnh xích Boä cheá hoøa khí
sprung mass or weight n. the weight squish band or zone n. narrow
of those parts of the car that are section of a combustion chamber
supported by the suspension in which the fuel charge is more
system: Khoái löôïng ñöôïc treo compressed by the piston than in
spur differential n. differential in the rest of the chamber; designed
FWD vehicles incorporating spur to help direct the flow of the fresh
gears rather than bevel gears, charge and to improve
since input and output shafts are scavenging: Moät vuøng heïp cuûa
not at right angles: Boä vi sai baùnh buoàng ñoát maø hoãn hôïp bò neùn
raêng truï troøn nhieàu hôn caùc vuøng khaùc; ñöôïc
z spur gears n. gearwheels with thieát keá ñeå ñònh höôùng doøng khí
straight teeth in line with their naïp vaø caûi thieän söï queùt khí
shafts: Baùnh raêng truï troøn (thaûi soùt)
(NOTE: also called straight-cut sr = SUNROOF
gears) SRS (short for) supplementary
squab n. a seat's backrest: Caùi döïa restraint system; air bag: Tuùi khí
löng (gheá) z SRS warning light = air bag
z squab panel = panel supporting warning light: Ñeøn baùo tuùi khí
the rear seat squabs, separating SR sheathed glow plug n. = SELF-
the passenger compartment from REGULATING SHEATHED-
the luggage space: Vaùch ngaên TYPE GLOW PLUG
gheá sau vôùi khoang haønh lyù SS = STAINLESS STEEL: Theùp
square engine n. type of engine khoâng gæ, inox
design in which the bore and SSC = STRESS CORROSION
stroke are the same measurement: CRACKING: Nöùt do öùng suaát vì
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình piston aên moøn
baèng ñöôøng kính stabilize v. to make or keep stable:
z square-four engine = four Laøm oån ñònh, giöõ oån ñònh
cylinder engine in which each stabilizer (bar) n. = ANTI-ROLL
cylinder axis forms one corner of BAR
a square: Ñoäng cô boán xi lanh z stabilizer belt n. (of belted
ñaët treân 4 goùc hình vuoâng (caùch radial tyres) belt consisting of
boá trí coù theå theo kieåu chöõ X, H) cords (usually fine steel wire)
squat n. dipping of a car's rear end embedded in rubber directly
occurring during hard beneath the tread and above the

330
stainless steel (SS) starter (motor)

radial cord body plies: Daây ñai standard equipment n. those parts
caân baèng and systems of a vehicle supplied
z stabilizer link n. (suspension) by the manufacturer at no extra
link which connects the anti-roll cost, i. e. they are included in the
bar to the lower wishbone: thanh basic price for a given model:
caân baèng Thieát bò tieâu chuaån
stainless steel (SS) n. type of steel (NOTE: opposite is optional
containing nickel and chromium, equipment)
which is resistant to corrosion: z standard wheel = original
Theùp khoâng gæ wheel on a vehicle supplied by the
z stainless-steel exhaust system car manufacturer: Baùnh xe tieâu
= more hard-wearing and chuaån
therefore more expensive system (NOTE: opposite is custom
than one made of mild steel: Heä wheel)
thoáng oáng goùp thaûi duøng theùp standing start n. one method of
khoâng gæ acceleration testing in which the
z stainless-steel mesh = WIRE vehicle starts from rest: Thöû
MESH: Löôùi theùp khoâng gæ nghieäm taêng toác baèng caùch cho
stalk n. = CONTROL STALK xe chaïy töø vò trí döøng
stall v. (of an engine) to stop Stanyl n. a new proprietary
unintentionally: Cheát maùy (oâ toâ) polyamide with unusual
stall speed n. test characteristic of a temperature stability, mechanical
fluid converter; result of the stall strength, and resistance to oil and
test: Ñaëc tuyeán kieåm tra bieán grease: Nhöïa coù ñoä beàn cô vaø
moâ chòu nhieät, daàu
z stall test n. (automatic start v. to use the starter motor to
transmission) short-time (5 crank the engine until it fires and
seconds) full throttle operation runs on its own: Khôûi ñoäng
with the vehicle brakes fully z start boosing = bypassing the
applied and the selector lever in ballast resistor of an ignition
'D' position; the test results in an system when starting the engine:
engine speed (stall speed) that taêng doøng ñaùnh löûa luùc khôûi
indicates the performance of the ñoäng nhôø noái taét ñieän trôû phuï
fluid converter: Kieåm tra bieán z start bypass = bypass of the
moâ ballast resistor: ñi taét qua ñieän
z stall torque ratio n. torque trôû phuï
conversion in fluid converters on starter (motor) n. powerful electric
taking up drive, i. e. when the motor that engages with the
turbine is still stationary; stage of flywheel to turn an internal
maximum torque multiplication: combustion engine which begins
Tæ soá truyeàn moment trong bieán the induction of fuel and the
moâ ignition cycle: Maùy khôûi ñoäng

331
starter inhibitor switch static (ignition) timing

ñoäng cô, ñeà ma rô z starting switch n. on certain

starter inhibitor switch or starter classic cars, separate switches are
interlock or starter lockout n. used to turn the ignition on and to
switch which prevents starting of operate the starter; on such cars,
the engine unless certain system the starting switch was a push
conditions are fulfilled; e. g. on button, often located in the centre
cars with automatic transmission, of the dashboard; on modern cars,
the selector lever must be in the starting switch is integrated in
Neutral or Park: Coâng taéc an the ignition and starter switch:
toaøn (ngaét khôûi ñoäng cho xe coù Coâng taéc khôûi ñoäng
hoäp soá töï ñoäng) khi tay soá khoâng star wheel n. adjusting nut on a drum
ôû P hoaëc N brake or clutch: OÁc chænh trong
z starter ring gear n. a gear phanh troáng hoaëc ly hôïp
fitted around the flywheel that is static balancing n. checking a
engaged by teeth on the starter wheel's balance by seeing if it
drive to crank the engine: Voøng stops in the same position when
raêng khôûi ñoäng treân baùnh ñaø rotated; if it does, a small weight
z starter solenoid n. assembly is attached to the rim opposite the
of a pre-engaged starter used first heavy area (i. e. opposite the
to engage the pinion teeth with the bottom of the wheel when it
flywheel ring gear and then to stopsrotating). A tyre and wheel
switch on the starter current: assembly is in static balance when
Solenoid maùy khôûi ñoäng (Rôle the weight of the wheel is evenly
gaøi khôùp) distributed around the axis of
z starter switch control cable n. rotation: Caân baèng tónh baùnh xe
mechanical cable to the starter (NOTE: opposite is dynamic
switch on vehicles without a balancing)
starter solenoid (e. g. Fiat 500): z static belt n. seat belt with no
Maùy khôûi ñoäng ñieàu khieån baèng automatic belt retractor and whose
caùp length is manually adjusted: Daây
z starting carburettor n. ñai an toaøn ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
usually a simple slide carburettor baèng tay
which works in parallel with the z static friction: Ma saùt tónh
main carburettor and acts as a z static high-voltage distribution
starting aid: boä cheá hoaø khí phuï n. high-voltage distribution
(giuùp khôûi ñoäng) achieved without a rotary
z starting handle n. cranked distributor, using multi-spark
handle for turning an engine over ignition coils or one coil per
manually: Tay quay ñeå khôûi ñoäng sparking plug: Ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
maùy (khoâng coù delco)
z starting interlock n. = z static (ignition) timing n. now
STARTER INHIBITOR SWITCH obsolete timing procedure carried

332
static seal steel wheel

out by rotating the engine until it multiplies the torque output of

the timing marks are aligned and the turbine by increasing the
then connecting a test lamp or a momentum of the fluid flow acting
voltmeter between the negative on the latter: Baùnh coâng taùc
coil terminal and earth; when the trong bieán moâ
points open, the test lamp lights up z stator roller clutch n. (fluid
or the voltmeter registers battery converter) holds the stator
voltage: Söï caân löûa tónh (duøng stationary as long as its blades are
boùng ñeøn) struck by the fluid flow against the
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic or rotational direction of pump and
stroboscopic ignition timing) turbine; if the fluid flows in the
z static seal n. oil seal between direction of rotation, the stator
two stationary parts: Ñeäm kín starts running: Ly hôïp baùnh coâng
chaän nhôùt giöõa hai boä phaän taùc
khoâng chuyeån ñoäng) Stealth Bra n. nose covering
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic seal) composed of composite materials
station wagon n. US estate car: Xe that absorb microwaves emitted
coù ngaên rieâng xeáp haønh lyù by radar devices and significantly
stator n. (a) (of an alternator) the diminish the return signal,
stationary windings in which makinga car less detectable to
electric current is generated; police radar; ineffective against
located between drive end and speed cameras or light-operated
slip-ring end fittings, consisting of speed guns: Ñaàu choáng suùng baén
a stator frame with windings in toác ñoä cuûa caûnh saùt giao thoâng
three circuits to generate three- steam clean v. to clean the engine
phase current which is then with a high-pressure jet of steam:
rectified by diodes: Phaàn tónh Laøm saïch baèng hôi nöôùc
trong maùy phaùt ñieän z steam injection system n. based
(b) (magnetic pick-up assembly) on the same principle as water
self-contained unit of the injection systems, the steam
magnetic pick-up, consisting of a injection system uses engine
permanent magnet, an inductive exhaust heat and a boiler to pre-
winding and the pick-up core; the heat and boil the water before it is
stator can be a disc-shaped pole injected into the inlet manifold as
piece with tooth or a simple pole steam: Heä thoáng phun hôi nöôùc
piece: Stato trong caûm bieán ñieän steel n. an alloy of iron containing a
töø small percentage of carbon: Theùp
(c) (fluid converter, automatic z steel strip = sheet steel less
transmission) wheel with curved than 600 mm wide: Theùp taám coù
blades (sometimes adjustable) ñoä roäng ít hôn 600 mm
mounted on a one-way clutch; it z steel wheel = consists of a steel
serves as a reaction member, i. e. disc and steel rim which are

333
steering steering knuckle

welded together to provide better washers, direction indicators and

impact-resistance, lower price, horn: Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån treân
and higher weight than alloy truïc tay laùi
wheels: Baùnh xe baèng theùp z steering column gearchange =
steering n. general term COLUMN GEARCHANGE
encompassing all components of z steering damper n. a shock-
the steering system or the steering absorber-like bump stop which
function of a vehicle: Söï laùi xe, absorbs vibrations in the steering
heä thoáng laùi system: Boä giaûm xoùc tay laùi
z steering angle n. horizontal z steering gear n. (i) the whole
angle between the plane of a mechanism by which a vehicle is
steered wheel when cornering, steered (ii) the gears in this
and the plane when adjusted mechanism: Cô caáu laùi
straight ahead: Goùc laùi; steering z steering gear arm = DROP
angle sensor: Caûm bieán goùc ñoä ARM: Tay ñoøn boä phaän laùi
tay laùi z steering gearbox = STEERING
z steering arm n. a forged lever BOX: Hoäp laùi
attached to the steering knuckle z steering gear shaft = the
and to one of the tie rods: Tay rotating, torque-transmitting part
ñoøn laùi, caàn daãn höôùng of the steering column: Truïc tay
z steering axis n. = KINGPIN laùi
AXIS: Truïc truï quay ñöùng z steering geometry n. the
z steering axis inclination (SAI) geometric arrangement of the
= KINGPIN INCLINATION components and linkages of a
(KPI): Goùc nghieâng truï quay steering system, incorporating
ñöùng, goùc King pin various steering angles: Hình hoïc
z steering box n. the part of the cô caáu laùi
steering system that is located at z steering kickback n. sharp
the lower end of the steering and rapid movements of the
shaft; changes the rotary steering wheel as the front wheels
movement of the steering wheel encounter obstruction in the road;
into the linear motion of the front the shocks of these encounter
wheels for steering: Hoäp cô caáu 'kick back' to the steering wheel:
laùi Phaûn löïc tay laùi (khi baùnh tröôùc
z steering column n. shaft ñuïng chöôùng ngaïi vaät)
between the steering wheel and z steering knuckle n. the part of
steering box or rack and pinion: the front suspension on which a
Truïc tay laùi xe front wheel is mounted; strictly
z steering column controls = speaking, an assembly or single
consist mainly of control stalks for component comprising stub axle
some or all of the following: and steering arm, stub axle often
lights, windscreen wipers and being used to describe the

334
steering knuckle arm stepless transmission

steering knuckle itself: Truïc an extendable steel rod that

khôùp noái daãn höôùng engages in a spoke of the steering
z steering knuckle arm = wheel and the brake or clutch
STEERING ARM pedal; when locked, neither wheel
z steering linkage n. all parts nor pedal can be operated: Baùnh
conveying movement from the laùi vaø khoùa phanh
rack or steering box to the z steering wheel balance =
steering swivels (e. g. track rods measures the steering wheel angle
and steering arms): Caùc thanh in an automatic steering wheel
noái trong heä thoáng laùi xe chuyeån centring system: Caân baèng baùnh
löïc töø boä baùnh raêng daãn höôùng laùi
ñeán baùnh xe z steering wheel centring =
z steering lock n. (a) lock that adjusts the steering wheel and
stops the steering wheel being steering system so that the wheel
turned when the ignition is is in its centre position when the
switched fully: Khoùa tay laùi front wheels are pointing straight
(b) = LOCK ahead: Söï ñònh taâm baùnh laùi
z steering ratio n. the number z steering wheel damper =
of degrees that the steering wheel STEERING DAMPER: Boä giaûm
must be turned to pivot the front chaán voâ laêng
wheels one degree: Tyû soá truyeàn z steering wheel puller = special
cô caáu laùi puller for removing steering
z steering support (structure) wheels: Duïng cuï caõo voâ laêng
n. mounting locations and Stellite n. proprietary range of
reinforcements for fitting the very hard, wear-resistant alloys
steering box to the bulkhead or containing cobalt, chromium,
side member: Ñeá hoäp laùi carbon, tungsten and
z steering swivel n. = molybdenum; used for tools,
STEERING KNUCKLE castings, valve seat inserts,
z steering-swivel axis = coating exhaust valves, etc.: Stelit
SWIVEL AXIS (hôïp kim goàm coban, crom,
z steering-swivel inclination = vonfram vaø molipden)
KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc stem seal n. valve stem seal between
nghieâng truï quay ñöùng the valve and cylinder head: Phôùt
z steering system n. = ñuoâi suù paùp
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi z step feeler gauge n. feeler
z steering wheel n. wheel gauge with metal feeler blades;
which is turned by the driver to the thickness of the blade
control the direction of the increases from one end of the
vehicle: Voâ laêng laùi xe blade to the other: Duïng cuï ño
z steering wheel and brake lock khe hôû coù naác
= anti-theft device in the form of z stepless transmission n. =

335
stepped compression ring stoichiometric ratio

CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE gear lever: Söï sang soá baèng caàn

TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp sticky clutch n. = CLUTCH DRAG
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng) stiction n. shortened form of static
z stepped compression ring n. friction; the frictional force which
= L-SECTION RING must be overcome to set one
z stepped piston n. an obsolete object in motion when it is in
design of two-stroke pistons; the contact with another: Ma saùt laên
diameter of the lower part of the stiff a. not easily bent or turned:
piston was larger than the top Cöùng khoù uoán
diameter; it ran in a similarly stiffness under flexure n. a measure
stepped bore and was said to give of the resistance offered by a test
better compression of the specimen to its tendency to bend
incoming mixture: Pittoâng coù baäc under the action of forces (own
z stepped planet gear n. planet weight): Ñoä cöùng döôùi beà maët
gear with different diameters: choã uoán cong
Baùnh raêng haønh tinh coù ñöôøng z stiff nut n. = SELF-
kính khaùc nhau LOCKING NUT
z stepper motor n. on some Stillson wrench n. very large heavy-
carburettor cars, stepper motors duty adjustable wrench: Chìa vaën
are used to adjust the air/fuel ñai oác Stillson
mixture; they are controlled by the stink-bomb smell n. = ROTTEN-
ECM: Motor böôùc, ñoäng cô böôùc EGG SMELL: Muøi tröùng thoái
z step plate n. (a) small step for Stirling engine n. an external
climbing into a vehicle (e. g. on an combustion engine that uses air or
ATV or RV): Baäc leân xe an inert gas as the working fluid
z step steering input n. rapid operating on a highly efficient
change in steering angle, for thermodynamic cycle: Ñoäng cô
example when a steered wheel Stirling (ñoäng cô ñoát ngoaøi)
hits an obstacle: Söï thay ñoåi stirrup bolt n. = U-BOLT: Bu-loâng
nhanh goùc laùi chöõ U
sticker price n. US manufacturer's stock car n. production car (usually a
suggested retail price (as saloon) modified for a form of
displayed on an afixed sticker), racing in which the cars often
usually subject to a negotiable (deliberately) collide: Xe söûa laïi
discount: Giaù baùn leû ñeà nghò ñeå ñua (cho va chaïm)
sticking n. (welding) fusing of the stoichiometric a. having the exact
electrode to the surface of the proportions for a particular
piece being worked on, mainly at chemical reaction: Tyû leä chính
the beginning of the welding xaùc ñuû cho phaûn öùng hoaù hoïc (lyù
cycle: Chaûy ñaàu cöïc (haøn ñieän) töôûng)
leân choã haøn z stoichiometric ratio = in a
stick shift n. US gear change with a spark-ignition engine, the ideal

336
stone chip damage straightening kit

air/fuel mixture ratio of 14.7:1, (NOTE: opposite is primary

which must be maintained on battery)
engines with dual-bed and three- z storage cell n. an electrolytic
way catalytic converters: Tyû leä cell for generating electric
hoøa khí lyù töôûng (ñoäng cô xaêng energy; rechargeable by sending a
14.7:1) current through it in the opposite
stone chip damage n. paintwork direction to the discharging
defect caused by gravel or stones: current: Pin saïc
hö sôn do ñaù vaêng stove v. to dry a coat of paint in heat:
z stone deflector or stone guard Laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng nhieät
or stone shield n. separate panel z stoving n. process of drying or
fitted below the front bumper or curing a paint coating by the
on the leading edge of the rear application of heat; immediately
wing to provide protection from after stoving, the paint film is still
rocks, dirt, etc.: Taám chaén ñaù soft, taking some time to harden:
vaêng Quaù trình laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng
stop n. component which limits the nhieät
motion, travel or stroke of a straight-cut gear n. = SPUR GEAR:
moving part: Cô caáu haïn cheá Baùnh raêng truï troøn
haønh trình z straight edge n. rule-type
(NOTE: a more informal word for toolwithout graduation for
abutment) checking, e. g. warp of cylinder
z stop light n. (a) = BRAKE block and head: Thöôùc thaúng
LIGHT: Ñeøn phanh khoâng chia ñoä duøng cho kieåm tra
(b) red light on a traffic signal khoái vaø naép xy lanh
indicating that vehicles should z straight eight n. an eight-
stop: Ñeøn ñoû (giao thoâng) cylinder in-line engine: Ñoäng cô
stopping distance n. the total amount taùm xy lanh thaúng haøng
of time (translated into distance) a z straight engine n. = IN-LINE
vehicle and driver need in which ENGINE: Ñoäng cô thaúng haøng
to come to a halt; the shortest z straightening bench n.
stopping distance is the reaction workbench or fixture equipped to
(or thinking) distance (of the hold single panels such as doors or
driver) added to the braking bonnets for straightening and
distance (of the vehicle): Khoaûng metalworking jobs: Baøn keïp cuûa
caùch phanh (quaõng ñöôøng thôï ñoàng ñeå giöõ chaët taám kim
phanh) loaïi khi laøm ñoàng
storage battery n. a rechargeable z straightening kit or set =
single cell or connected group of power jacks used to straighten
two or more storage cells such as localized body damage,
the type used in vehicles: AÉc quy essentially comprising special ram
hoaëc pin naïp laïi ñöôïc cylinders, pumps, attachments,

337
straight-line stability stress corrosion cracking

and extensions: Boä ñoà ngheà naén mainly of a lean mixture and a
thaúng small layer or pocket of rich
z straight-line stability n. = mixture; the rich mixture is ignited
DIRECTIONAL STABILITY first, then ignition spreads to the
z straight pattern snips n. snips leaner mixture filling the rest of
with cutting blades designed for the combustion chamber: Söï naïp
straight cuts on sheet metal phaân taàng
material: Keùo caét thaúng (taám straw n. convenient DIY tool for
kim loaïi) blowing debris from the sparking
z straight six n. a six-cylinder plug recess before plug removal:
in-line enigne: Ñoäng cô thaúng Duïng cuï töï laøm ñeå thoåi saïch loã
haøng saùu xy lanh bougie
z straight-through silencer n. streak n. a long thin trace of dirt:
type of absorption silencer with a Veát baån moûng daøi
single perforated tube surrounded streamline v. to design the shape
by sound-absorbing fibre which of a car body or lorry cab so that it
creates less back pressure and reduces air resistance to a
consequent loss of power than minimum: Thieát keá thaân xe khí
other types: Boä giaûm thanh moät ñoäng hoïc
oáng thaúng suoát street car n. US = TRAM(CAR):
z straight weight (engine) oil n. Xe chôû khaùch coâng coäng chaïy
= SINGLE-GRADE (ENGINE) baèng ñieän, chaïy treân ñöôøng ray;
OIL: Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp xe ñieän
strainer n. wire mesh filter, as used strength n. the stress at which
in an oil pump strainer in the material ruptures or fails: Söùc
sump: Löôùi loïc daàu beàn, ñoä beàn
strand n. one of a number of wires stress n. force causing deformation
twisted together to form an or strain: ÖÙng suaát
electrical conductor or cable: Daây z stress concentration = a
ñieän beän töø nhieàu sôïi condition in which a stress
strangler n. (informal) old name for distribution has high localized
choke: Teân cuõ cuûa böôùm gioù stresses; usually induced by an
z strap wrench n. tool for abrupt change in the shape of a
loosening and tightening round or member (often in the vicinity of
irregularly shaped objects such as notches etc.): Söï taäp trung öùng
oil filters, featuring a strap which suaát
is wrapped around the object, and z stress corrosion cracking
a lever or key by means of which (SSC) = cracking due to stress
the object is turned: Duïng cuï corrosion and straining of a metal
thaùo laép loïc nhôùt due to residual or applied stresses:
stratified charge n. in a SI engine, veát nöùt do öùng suaát trong quaù
an air/fuel charge which consists trình aên moøn

338
stress cracking strut

z stress cracking or fracturing = cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn
damage of parts, especially body thay ñoåi)
panels, subject to constant structural part n. any part of a
overload caused by improper vehicle that plays a role in
mounting; this introduces strain ensuring the rigidity and integrity
into the panels, causing them of the vehicle as a whole and that,
eventually to crack: Gaõy do öùng if it collapses, could make the
suaát vehicle unsafe: Caùc chi tieát ñoùng
stretch limo n. (informal) limousine vai troø an toaøn cuûa xe
that has been lengthened to strut n. (a) a structural member,
provide extra seating and more especially as part of a framework,
legroom: Xe hôi to sang troïng coù used to stiffen, give strength or
kính ngaên giöõa taøi xeá vaø haønh carry weight: Thanh choáng
khaùch daøi hôi bình thöôøng (b) = SUSPENSION STRUT:
strip v. to tear off or break the thread Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo
from a screw, bolt, etc. or the z strut rod n. = PUSH BAR
teeth from a gear: Laøm hö ren, stub axle n. short axle that carries
hö raêng one of the front wheels and has
strobe lamp/light n. (informal) = limited angular movement about a
STROBOSCOPE: Ñeøn caân löûa kingpin: Truïc ngaén (noái vôùi baùnh
z stroboscope n. = TIMING tröôùc)
LIGHT: Ñeøn caân löûa z stubby screwdriver n. =
z stroboscope ignition timing n. CHUBBY SCREWDRIVER
= DYNAMIC IGNITION stud n. (a) threaded fastener without
TIMING: Ñeøn caân thôøi ñieåm a head; similar to a grub screw,
ñaùnh löûa but with an unthreaded portion
stroke 1 n. (a) any of a series of roughly in the middle; typically
continuous, often reciprocating, used for nut and stud assembly of
movements; a cycle: Thì, kyø alloy parts, e. g. to attach
(b) in a reciprocating engine, the manifolds to alloy cylinder heads
distance between the highest and or to secure the cylinder head to
lowest points reached by the the cylinder block. The stud is
piston: Khoaûng chaïy pittoâng screwed into a threaded hole until
2 v. to modify the stroke of an the run-out threads in the metal of
engine, by using a different the stud jam in the first thread in
crankshaft to increase or reduce the hole; studs should never reach
displacement; stroking normally the bottom of the hole: Gu roâng
refers to an increase in cc or litre: z stud end = opposite end of a
Thay ñoåi khoaûng chaïy stud to the nut end: Ñuoâi guroâng
Stromberg carburettor n. a type of z stud extractor or remover =
variable venturi carburettor: Boä tool like a socket spanner for the
cheá hoøa khí Stromberg (loaïi boä removal (and installation) of

339
stud hole sump

studs: Duïng cuï thaùo laép gu piston in the piston chamber of a

roâng variable venturi carburettor:
z stud hole = hole in a wheel Buoàng huùt cuûa boä cheá hoøa khí
through which the wheel studs coù hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
pass: Loã xoû guroâng treân baùnh z suction-feed spray gun n.
xe type of spray gun with a paint pot
STV = SUCTION THROTTLING mounted underneath: Suùng phun
VALVE sôn coù bình sôn ôû döôùi
subassembly n. an assembled unit suction lift n. (pump) the vertical
designed to be fitted to a larger distance, in feet, from the liquid
unit of which it is a component; e. supply level to the pump
g. the steering gear and front centreline, the pump being above
suspension or the final drive and the liquid level: Chieàu cao coät
rear suspension: Cuïm toång aùp (bôm)
thaønh (cuïm chi tieát ñaõ raùp) suction line or pipe n. pipe on the
subcompact (car) n. American car suction side of a pumping system
category with an overall length leading from the suction tank to
less than 14ft 7in and a the pump: OÁng huùt (töø thuøng
wheelbase less than 8ft 4in; FWD ñeán bôm)
or 4wd: Xe oâ toâ nhoû (Myõ) z suction side n. that side of a
subframe n. a strong, detachable pumping system or pump at which
assembly that is mounted to the the liquid to be pumped enters
underbody of the car to support the suction line or pump casing:
the engine, accessories, drive Beân huùt (bôm)
train and/or running gear: Söôøn (NOTE: opposite is
khung phuï (ñôõ ñoäng cô, hoäp dischargeside)
soá…) suction throttling valve (STV) n.
subplate n. = DISTRIBUTOR valve located at the evaporator
BASEPLATE: Maâm vít löûa boä outlet which controls evaporator
chia ñieän pressure and temperature: Van ôû
substrate n. surface or layer on a ngoû ra giaøn laïnh (kieåm soaùt aùp
material serving as a base for vaø nhieät ñoä)
another layer or coat; e. g. base suction valve grinder n. = VALVE
material or base metal: lôùp neàn GRINDING TOOL
substructure n. = UNDERBODY sump n. metal bowl (usually of sheet
(STRUCTURE): Caáu truùc gaàm steel or cast alloy) attached to the
xe bottom of the crankcase, into
SU carburettor n. widely used type which oil drains to form a
of variable venturi carburettor reservoir; typically carries one
SU: Boä cheá hoøa khí SU coù hoïng gallon of motor oil: Cacte daàu ôû
khueách taùn thay ñoåi döôùi ñoäng cô
suction chamber n. space above the (NOTE: US English is oil pan)

340
sump (drain) plug surface gap sparking plug

z sump (drain) plug = short fat Baùnh raêng maët trôøi

bolt for draining the sump (when super n. petrol with a high octane
removed): oác xaû cacte daàu rating, typically 98: Xaêng super
z sump gasket = gasket fitted (coù chæ soá octane cao)
between the cylinder block and supercharge v. (a) to increase the
the sump: Ñeäm loùt cacte daàu intake pressure of an internal
z sump guard = shield fitted combustion engine with a
under the engine to protect the supercharge: Taêng aùp
sump: Taám baûo veä cacte daàu z supercharger n. device such
sun car n. (informal) = SOLAR as a positive displacement
CAR: Xe söû duïng naêng löôïng compressor or dynamic
maët trôøi compressor used to improve the
z sun gear or sun wheel n. volumetric efficiency and power
central spur gear in a planetary output of internal combustion
gear set meshing with the planet engines by raising the intake
gears: Baùnh raêng maët trôøi pressure, thus increasing the
z sun roof (sr) n. panel (often amount of air drawn in: Boä taêng
translucent) in the roof of a car aùp, boä taêng khí neùn cho ñoäng cô
which may be tilted or slid open, (NOTE: largely superseded in
either manually or electrically to cars by the turbocharger)
provide extra light and/or supplementary inflatable restraint
ventilation: Cöûa mui (oâ cöûa ôû noùc (SIR) or supplementary
xe oâ toâ coù theå môû ra ñeå khoâng restraint system (SRS) n. air
khí vaø aùnh naéng loït vaøo), cöûa bag: Heä thoáng tuùi khí
trôøi suppressor n. electrical device used
z sunshield n. tinted strip of in car circuits to damp out and
transparent vinyl attached to the filter out radio or TV interference
top of the windscreen to cut glare caused mainly by the ignition
from the sun: Daõi nhöïa maøu daùn system and battery circuit: Boä
phía treân kính tröôùc ñeå che phaän choáng nhieãu
naéng surface discharge plug n. =
(NOTE: also called a windscreen SURFACE GAP SPARKING
shadeband) PLUG
z sun visor n. (a) highed flap z surface gap n. spark gap of a
above the windscreen that can be surface gap sparking plug in which
pulled down to shield the driver's the sparks glide over the insulator-
or front seat passenger's eyes filled gap: Khe hôû ngang (loaïi
from sunlight; often contains a bougie khoâng coù ñieän cöïc bìa)
vanity mirror on the inside: Taám (NOTE: opposite is spark air
che naéng phía treân kính chaén gap)
tröôùc z surface gap sparking plug =
z sun wheel see SUN GEAR: type of sparking plug in which the

341
surface ignition suspension subframe

spark is fired across the insulator haït chaát raén nhoû li ti lô löûng
surface between the centre trong ñoù (theå vaån)
electrode and the shell; there is no suspension aids n. accessories
side electrode: Bougie khoâng coù designed to reinforce the rear
ñieän cöïc bìa suspension when carrying heavy
z surface ignition n. ignition loads or towing caravans or
initiated by hot spots in the engine trailers; they include: extra,
cylinder rather than by a timed single-leaf springs, coil springs,
spark: Söï chaùy sôùm do caùc ñieåm and heavy duty spring dampers:
noùng trong xy lanh Nhöõng boä phaän gia coá heä thoáng
z surface resistance n. the treo su khi taûi naëng
electrical resistance of the surface z suspension link n. any arm
of an insulator: Ñieän trôû beà maët which links the chassis to the axle:
surface tack n. a condition occurring Thanh lieân keát heä thoáng treo
after filler is applied to a panel z suspension mounting n. sheet
surface, characterized by the fact metal parts, bores, etc. on the
that the filler will not cure in underbody designed to locate the
certain places: Tình traïng khoâng axles and springs on the body:
dính ma tít Giaù heä thoáng treo
surface-type filter n. filter design in z suspension sphere n.
which particles accumulate on the pressurized, nitrogen-filled sphere
surface, e. g. of a folded paper used in hydropneumatic
element; typical design of air and suspension systems: Khoái caàu
cartridge-type oil filters: Boä loïc ñieàu aùp, ñöôïc laøm ñaày Nitô duøng
gioù hoaëc nhôùt baèng giaáy xeáp trong heä thoáng treo khí
surge n. unevenness in the power z suspension strut n. unitary
output of an engine caused by: (i) construction of spring and damper
irregular fuel supply due to the elements; depending on whether
clog ging of a filter or a main jet, the hub carrier is mounted to
or to too lean an air/fuel mixture; thespring or the damper element,
(ii) an ignition fault due to the suspension strut is referred to
misfiring: Ñoäng cô ôû tình traïng either as a damper strut or as a
khoâng oån ñònh (noå khoâng ñeàu) MacPherson strut: Thanh giaèng
suspension n. (a) system of springs, heä thoáng treo (loø xo vaø oáng
arms and dampers which supports nhuùn)
the body of a vehicle and insulates z suspension subframe n.
it and its occupants from road suspension layout absorbing noise
shocks transmitted by the wheels: and vibration, in which all
Heä thoáng treo suspension elements are mounted
(b) mixture of fine, non-settling on an insulated, detachable
particles of any solid within a suspension subframe: Khung phuï
liquid or gas: Chaát loûng coù nhöõng gaén heä thoáng treo

342
SV engine synergetic or synergistic effect

SV engine n. = SIDE-VALVE diesel engine: Buoàng chaùy xoaùy

ENGINE loác
SW (short for) switch; to be found on swivel 1 v. to turn or swing about a
the coil terminal connected to the point:Xoay quanh moät ñieåm
ignition switch: Coâng taéc 2 n. = STEERING KNUCKLE
swash plate n. a rotating disc or face z swivel angle n. = KINGPIN
plate on a shaft that is inclined at INCLINATION
an oblique angle to the axis of z swivel axis n. = KINGPIN
rotation and either imparts AXIS
reciprocating motion to push rods z swivel axis inclination =
or plungers parallel to the shaft KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc
axis, as in a swash plate pump or, nghieâng truï quay ñöùng
conversely, converts reciprocating z swivel pin n. = KINGPIN
motion to rotation (replacing the symmetric rim n. rim type in which
crankshaft), as in a swash plate the rim well is located
motor: Maët quay nghieâng bieán symmetrically on the wheel
chuyeån ñoäng quay thaønh tònh centreline: Vaønh baùnh xe ñoái
tieán xöùng
sway bar n. US = ANTI-ROLL BAR (NOTE: opposite is asymmetric
swept volume n. that part of the rim)
cylinder capacity that is swept by synchromesh n. device in
the pistons on their up and down manual gearboxes that
strokes, i. e. the volume through automatically matches the rotating
which a piston moves in one speeds oftransmission gears as
stroke, formed by the bore they are about to mesh: Boä ñoàng
diameter and the piston stroke: toác
theå tích ñaåy synchronize v. to make two things
swing arm suspension or swing axle happen at the same time, or to
n. independent suspension system move at the same speed: Laøm cho
in which each axle pivots near the ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
centre of the vehicle and the z synchronize n. device which
movement of the axle changes the
synchronizes: Thieát bò laøm cho
angle of camber: Tay ñoøn di ñoäng
ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
synchronous motor n. an
swirl n. rotary or swirling motion alternating-current motor that runs
given to the charge mixture as it at a speed that is equal to or is a
enters a cylinder by offsetting the multiple of the frequency of the
inlet tract: Söï xoaùy supply (e. g. the drive motor of
z swirl chamber = small chamber electric powered vehicles): Ñoäng
or cavity in the cylinder head to cô ñoàng boä
promote swirl in the indirect
synergetic or synergistic effect n.
injection combustion system of a
protective effect occurring as a

343
synthesizer system pressure regulator

result of the combination of a z synthetic rubber n. synthetic

metallic and an additional organic products with properties similar to
coating: Hieäu öùng baûo veä nhôø those of natural rubber, including
keát hôïp giöõa kim loaïi vaø chaát elasticity and ability to be
phuû höõu cô vulcanized; usually produced by
synthesizer n. device which the polymerization or
generates quartz-controlled copolymerization of petroleum-
frequency steps in a PLL circuit: derived olefins or other
Thieát bò phaùt ra taàn soá ñieàu unsaturated compounds: Cao su
khieån thaïch anh trong maïch toång hôïp
PLL system pressure regulator n. (K-
synthetic engine oil n. non- jetronic) basically a pressure
petroleum based oil; more relief valve located on the fuel
expensive than mineral oil but distributor: Boä ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
more resistant to breakdown at (van giaûm aùp trong phun K)
high temperatures and less viscous
at low temperatures: Daàu nhôùt
toång hôïp

344
T tail light box

Tt

T letter on the sidewall of type rev counter)

denoting the maximum speed for TAC system n. contact breaker
which it is designed (190 km/h or ignition system developed by
118 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ Lucas, controlled by two
toác ñoä toái ña cho pheùp 190 km/h transistors, one serving as a power
tab n. not a continuous flange as output transistor: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
provided at the top mounting of a löûa baùn daãn coù vít cuûa Lucas.
wing, but a short flange section to tail n. the rear: Phía sau, phía ñuoâi
provide localized fitting of one z tailboard n. board at the rear
panel to another: vaáu, maáu of a lorry or pick-up that can be
z tab washer n. washer with a removed or let down on a hinge:
tab that may be hammered against Taám böûng sau (xe taûi nhoû hoaëc
a flat side of a nut, or into a hole in lôùn)
the surface, or over an edge, in tailgate n. estate cars and most
order to secure the nut to the hatchback saloons feature a large
surface on which it bears: long ñeàn rear lid that includes the rear
choáng xoay window and opens to give access
TAC = THERMOSTATIC AIR to the whole interior: Cöûa haäu cuûa
CLEANER xe 5 cöûa.
tachograph or (informal) tacho n. (NOTE: US English is liftgate)
a tachometer that produces a tailgating n. driving so close to the
graphical record of its readings, vehicle in front as to be affected
especially used to record the speed by its slip stream; a very dangerous
and distance covered by a heavy practice as available reaction time
goods vehicle (thus theoretically is reduced to a minimum: Chaïy xe
making it easier to check on a quaù saùt sau moät xe khaùc
driver’s speed and the length of z tail heavy a. description of the
time spent driving between rest towing vehicle if the being towed
periods): Ñoàng hoà toác ñoä coù ghi is too heavy: Naëng ñuoâi (khi keùo
laïi toác ñoä vaø quaõng ñöôøng chaïy xe).
z tachometer or (informal) z tail lift see BRAKE DIVE
tach(o) n. instrument in the z tail light or lamp n. red rear
instrument panel, electronically light that illuminates as soon as
operated by the ignition system, the lights are switched on, to
which indicates engine rpm with an indicate the presence of a vehicle
analogue or digital read-out; red from the rear.: Ñeøn ñuoâi
areas indicate dangerous engine tail light box n. a deep-drawn panel
operating speeds: Ñoàng hoà ño toác spotwelded into the tail light
ñoä quay ñoäng cô aperture to take the complete
(NOTE: also informally called a

345
tail (light) panel taper-breaking tool

tail light cluster: Hoäp ñeøn sau noùi (qua loa xe)
z tail (light) panel = REAR tamperproof carburettor n. a
PANEL: Baûng ñeøn sau carburettor with factory-adjusted
z tail light surround = REAR idle speed, sealed idle speed
LIGHT SURROUND: Ñöôøng vieàn adjustment screw, and provisions
bao quanh cuïm ñeøn sau to ensure that exhaust emission
tailpipe n. last pipe of the exhaust levels remain within specified
system which fits behind the limits over an extended period of
silence and extends to the rear of time: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù loã chænh
the vehicle: OÁng poâ, oáng thaûi caàm chöøng ñaõ nieâm phong
z tailpipe expander = special tandem axle n. type of axle in which
automotive tool used for reshaping two axles are closely coupled,
and expanding tailpipes evenly, to usually not more than one metre
assure a tight fit and prevent apart : Caàu xe ñoâi.
exhaust leaks: duïng cuï goø oáng poâ z tandem master cylinder n.
z tailshaft n. = GEARBOX master cylinder with two pistons;
OUTPUT SHAFT when the brake pedal is pressed,
take up v. (clutch) to begin to transmit the pushrod activates the primary
the drive when the clutch is piston which in turn moves the
engaged: Baét ñaàu truyeàn ñoäng secondary piston; necessary for
khi nhaû ly hôïp dual-circuit braking system : Xi
z take-up n. the act of taking lanh caùi hai taàng trong heä thoáng
up : A sharp take-up of the drive phanh (duøng cho 2 maïch daàu
causes a sudden jerk: Nhaû nhanh phanh)
ly hôïp . tangential-flow scavenging n. =
talc n. a soft mineral; a basic LOOP SCAVENGING
magnesium silicate usually tank n. any container for liquit or
occurring in foliated, granular, or gas: Thuøng chöùa
fibrous masses, used in the z tanker n. lorry designed to
manufacture of electrical carry liquit in bulk: Xe boàn chôû
insulators: Ñaù tan, boät tan (laøm nhieân lieäu.
vaät lieäu caùch ñieän). tap n. tool used to cut inside
talking warning system n. using the threads, e.g. in a hole: Ta roâ,
car radio speakers, this thanh coát ren
microprocessor-based system tells z tap and die set = selection of
the driver the source of the tools such as taps, tap holders, dies
problem in a clear, pleasant and die stocks for cutting inside
(female) voice; if the radio is on at and outside threads: Boä ta roâ vaø
the time of the alert, the computer baøn khuoân caét ren
automatically turns down the z taper-breaking tool n. =
volume so the warning can be BALL JOINT SEPARATOR.:
heard.: Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng Duïng cuï taùch khôùp noái caàu

346
taper cutter TBI

z taper cutter n. tool used to z tappet adjusting screw =

ream, deburr, align, and enlarge VALVE ADJUSTING SCREW
holes, e.g on car bodies (NOTE: z tappet gasket = ROCKER
also called tapered reamer).: COVER GASKET
Dao khoeùt loã z tappet wrench = wrench
z tapered compression ring n. designed for adjusting value
upper compression ring which, due clearances on OHV-engines with
to its tapered cross-section, bucket tappet assembly that use an
requires a reduced running-in adjusting screw instead of value
period thus ensuring a tight seal shims for adjustment: Chìa vaën
quickly: Seùc maêng khí (löûa) vôùi ñai oác con ñoäi suù paùp.
tieát dieän hình coân tapping plate n. = HINGE
z taper(ed) leaf spring n. = TAPPING PLATE
PARABOLIC SPRING: Nhíp coù z tap spanner = TAP HOLDER
daïng paraboân. tarnish v. to discolour due to the
z tapered punch n. = DRIFT formation of a thin film of oxide,
PUNCH: Caùi ñuïc hình coân sulphide, or some other corrosion
z taper roller bearing n. product.: Phai maøu sôn
bearing consisting of a cone (which tax disc n. (informal) road fund
includes the rollers and the cage) licence disc displayed on the
and a cone-shaped, stationary race windscreen to show that road tax
or cup; can accept axial thrust as has been paid.: Daáu chöùng nhaän
well as providing shaft location.: OÅ ñaõ ñoùng thueá caàu ñöôøng (gaén
bi ñuõa coân. treân kính xe)
z taper seat (sparking plug) seal taxi (cab) n. car in which passengers
without a gasket achieved by are carried for a rate which is
mating the conical surface of the usually recorded by a meter : Xe
sparking plus shell and the cylinder taéc xi
head.: Ñaàu ren coân cuûa bougie z taxi rank = place where taxis
tap holder n. tool used to hold and wait to be hired.: Beán xe taéc xi
drive taps, reamers, and screw t.b. = TOW BAR. : Thanh ñöôïc laép
extractors with two long handles to vaøo ñaèng sau xe oâ toâ (ñeå keùo xe
provide high leverage for turning khaùc).
operation.: Tay quay taroâ T bar roof n. roof with a T-shaped
tappet n. (in valve gear) usually bar connecting windscreen and
cup-shaped element (one for each rear section of roof: Thanh daïng
vale) which slides on the cam chöõ T ôû mui xe
lobes and converts the rotary TBI = THROTTLE BODY
motion of the vales; the tappets INJECTION: Phun xaêng treân
actuate either pushrods, rocker böôùm ga (coù theå ñôn ñieåm hoaëc
arms, or values directly: Con ñoäi hai ñieåm)
suù paùp. TC = TORQUE CONVERTER

347
TCI tensioner

= TWIN CARBURETTORS effective area of the jet and

TCI = TRANSISTORIZED COIL restoring the correct fuel flow: Boä
IGNITION buø nhieät (cheá hoaø khí)
z TCI-H = TRANSISTORIZED temperature control element n. (in
COIL IGNITION WITH HALL oil filter bypass valve) a
SENSOR temperature-controlled valve
TCM = TRANSMISSION CONTROL spring bias regulator which
MODULE controls the bypass valve as a
TDC = TOP DEAD CENTRE function of oil temperature: Van
TDI = TURBO DIESEL ENGINE ñieàu khieån nhieät ñoä nhôùt
WITH DIRECT INJECTION z temperature of deflection
Teflon n. = POLYTETRAFLUO- under load n. ability of a test
ROETHYLENE specimen to preserve its shape up
TEL = TETRAETHYL LEAD to a given temperature under a
telescopic shock absorber n. a given dead load; characterized by
tubular spring damper operated by the temperature at which the
rod and piston; the most common specimen supported at both ends
type of shock adsorber: Boä giaûm and heated continually and
chaán kieåu oáng loàng uniformly in a liquid heat-transfer
z telescopic steering column n. medium is deformed by a given
steering column that collapses in amount when the load is applied
on itself on impact: Truï laùi kieåu midway between the supports:
oáng loàng Nhieät ñoä maø vaät thöû chòu taûi bò
tempa spare (wheel) n. spare wheel voõng trong khuoân khoå (khi thöû)
type with considerably reduced z temperature valve n. =
overall dimensions (rim width: 3.5 THERMOVALVE
- 4.0 in), designed to operate at a template n. thin metal or card sheet,
higher inflation pressure than the used as a pattem for cutting pieces
standard tyre and wheel unit: of wood, metal, etc. to an exact
Baùnh xe döï phoøng kích thöôùc shape.: Caùi ñuïc
nhoû temporary spare wheel n. =
temper v. thermal treatment of SPACE-SAVING SPARE WHEEL
finished products ( metals, alloys, tensile force n. the stretching force
plastics ) to remove internal that acts on the windscreen header
stresses: Toâi ñeå khöû öùng suaát noäi to keep the hood taut: Löïc caêng
temperature compensator n. (in z tensile strength = measure of a
some SU carburettors) wax-type material’s ability to withstand
thermostat contained in a housing tension or stress: Söùc beàn keùo
at the base of the jet head; with tension (a) stretching force: Löïc
increasing temperature, the wax caêng
expands and pushes the jet (b) = VOLTAGE: Hieäu ñieän theá
upwards, thereby reducing the z tensioner n. device designed

348
tensioning spring thermal efficiency

to maintain the tension of a timing tra doøng phoùng cuûa aéc quy ôû ñieàu
belt or chain: Boä caêng ñai kieän nhieät ñoä thaáp
z tensioning spring n. spring z test-drive n. a trial drive of a
designed to maintain tension in a car after it has been repaired, or of
drum brake: Loø xo giöõ ñoä caêng a new car to decide if one likes it
trong phanh troáng enough to buy it: Söï chaïy thöû
terminal n. (i) one of the z test-drive v. to take a car for a
connecting points in an electric test drive before purchasing it:
circuit (ii) a conducting device by Chaïy thöû
which current enters or leaves at z test lamp/ light n. automotive
such a points: Coïc, ñieåm noái tool used to test powered circuits
z terminal post = BATTERY on 6 – 24 volt systems such as
POST: Coïc bình headlights, horns, directional or tail
z terminal reamer = tapered lights: Ñeøn kieåm tra maïch ñieän
reamer-type tool used to remove tetraethyl lead (TEL) n. anti-knock
corrosion from the inside of battery fuel additive: Chì Tetraethyl cho
cable clamps: Duïng cuï laøm saïch vaøo xaêng ñeå choáng kích noå
khoen gaén coïc bình (hình coân) z tetramethyl lead (TML) n.
z terminal tower n. sockets on anti-knock fuel additive: Chì
the distributor cap for connecting Tetramethyl cho vaøo xaêng ñeå
the ignition cables: Loã caém daây choáng kích noå
phin treân naép delco t/ glass n. = TINTED GLASS: Kính
z terminal voltage n. the sum of daùn maøu (choáng choùi)
the individual battery cell THC = TOTAL HYDROCARBONS:
voltages: Hieäu ñieän theá cuûa aéc Toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon
quy theft protection n. = ANTI-THEFT
test bar n. test specimen with the SECURITY SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
shape of a bar as used in the choáng troäm
impact resistance test: Maãu coù thermactor n. = THERMAL
daïng thanh ñöôïc duøng trong thöû REACTOR
nghieäm söùc chòu ñöïng khi va thermal conduction n. heat transfer
chaïm within a substance or to another
z test-bed n. area equipped with substance by direct contact: Ñoä
instruments, used for testing daãn nhieät
machinery, engines, ect. , under z thermal convection n. heat
working conditions.: Baêng thöû transfer by the combined
z test current for low mechanisms of fluid mixing and
temperatures n. specification for thermal conduction: Söï ñoái löu
assessing battery starting nhieät
behaviour at low temperatures and thermal efficiency n. the ratio of
under given conditions; indicated useful work available from an
in amps on the battery case: Kieåm engine to the heat supplied from

349
thermal radiation Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC)

the fuel: Hieäu suaát nhieät temperature sensor: Caëp nhieät

z thermal radiation n. heat ñieän (ñeå ño nhieät ñoä)
transfer from one substance to z thermocouple sparking plug
another by means of = sparking plug with a
electromagnetic waves: Söï böùc xaï thermocouple in the centre
nhieät electrode, used to measure the
z thermal reactor n. device temperatures in the individual
installed in the exhaust manifold cylinders as a function of engine
of some air injection systems to speed and load in order to select
promote HC and CO oxidation by the correct heat range: Caëp nhieät
providing long exhaust gas ñieän gaén trong bougie ñeå ño
residence times in a localized nhieät ñoä xy lanh
area: Boä phaän gaén ôû oáng thaûi thermoforming n. shaping of a
giuùp taêng cöôøng oxy hoaù HC vaø polymer sheet while heating: Uoán
CO nhöïa baèng nhieät
z thermal time valve n. valve thermoplastic n. plastic material
which senses temperature, with long chain-like molecules that
typically the temperature under the can repeatedly be softened by
bonnet, and gives full vacuum heating and hardened by cooling;
advance when the temperature is most plastic parts used on vehicles
below 10o C; above this are made of thermoplastics : Nhöïa
temperature, the thermal time deûo noùng
valve allows distributor vacuum to z thermoplastic elastomers =
be controlled by the thermal materials which are rubbery at
vacuum switch; includes a delay of room temperature but which on
typically 20 seconds to allow full heating melt to viscous liquids that
spark advance for better hot can be moulded and otherwise
starting: Van nhieät ñieàu khieån processed; the change is
ñaùnh löûa sôùm reversible; on cooling, the melted
thermal vacuum switch (TVS) n. material reverts to a solid material
measures either air/ fuel having rubbery properties: Nhöïa
temperature, underbonnet cao su khi noùng thì deûo nhöng
temperature, or coolant nguoäi laïi cöùng
temperature, or a combination of thermostat n. temperature-
any two to regulate the EGR valve controlled valve located in the hot
accordingly: Coâng taéc nhieät-chaân leg between engine and radiator,
khoâng often mounted on the cylinder
z thermal vacuum valve (TVV) head: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät, van
= valve with the same function as a haèng nhieät
thermal vacuum switch: Van Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC) n.
nhieät- chaân khoâng air cleaner which also controls the
thermocouple n. an electrical temperature of the air entering the

350
thermostatic interruptor thread

engine: baàu loïc gioù coù boä ñieàu Pha loaõng sôn
khieån nhieät ñoä khí naïp z thin needle-nose pliers n.
thermostatic interruptor n. a needle-nose pliers with extra long
bimetallic circuit breaker in reach jaws without a wire cutter:
lighting circuits which switches to Kìm moû nhoïn
an alternative circuit in the event thinner n. substance used to dilute
of a fault or short circuit: Caùi ngaét lacquer or acrylic products, as
ñieän nhieät tónh (caùi ngaét ñieän opposed to reducers used for
löôõng kim) synthetic enamel products: Chaát
thermosyphon cooling n. natural pha loaõng sôn
cooling, utilising the fast that two z thin-wall casting n. used, for
columns of liquid at different example, as a weight-saving
temperatures possess natural measure on oil filter housings: Vaät
circulation because the hotter ñuùc coù thaønh moûng
column weighs less on account of third (gear) n. intermediate gear
its lower density; thus the hot used for increasing speed, climbing
engine must be located at a lower hills and sometimes for overtaking:
level than the cool radiator: söï Soá 3
laøm maùt baèng ñoái löu z third motion shaft n. = GEAR-
thermo-time switch n. a switch in a BOX OUTPUT SHAFT: Truïc ra
continuous injection system that hoäp soá
interrupts current from the starter third port induction n. a design
solenoid to the cold start valve feature of two-stroke engines that
solenoid when the engine is hot or relies on the piston position to
after the starter has been operated control induction of the fresh
for more than a few seconds, in charge: Coång naïp thöù ba cuûa
order to prevent flooding: Coâng ñoäng cô hai kyø
taéc nhieät thôøi gian third scavenging port n. (loop
thermovalve n. valve which opens scavenging) an additional transfer
and closes as a function of port lacated opposite the exhaust
temperature: Van nhieät port of a two-stroke engine
thermowell n. space which cylinder and connecting through
accommodates a temperature the piston skirt to the region above
sensor: Choã gaén caûm bieán nhieät the gudgeon pin and below the
ñoä piston crown: Coång thaûi thöù ba
(NOTE: the term is sometimes cuûa ñoäng cô hai kyø
used with reference to the thrash v. (infomal) to push an
temperature sensing point or engine to its limits: Chaïy heát ga
sensor rather than to the well thread n. (i) helical ridge along the
itself). body of a screw, bolt, etc. , formed
thin v. (paint) to add thinners to a by a die or lathe tool (male or
paint in order to adjust the viscosity: external thread) : Ren ngoaøi

351
thread angle three-way catalytic converter

(ii) helical groove in a cylindrical cöûa

hole, nut, etc., formed by a tap or z three-piece alloy wheel n.
lathe tool (female or internal type of forged alloy wheel with a
thread): Ren trong wheel spider or wheel disc and a
z thread angle = the angle divided rim consisting of an outer
between the adjacent flanks of a and an inner rim well; the rim is
thread: Goùc ren (goùc giöõa hai bolted to the spider or the disc:
söôøn keá lieàn cuûa moät ñöôøng ren) Baùnh xe ñuùc goàm ba phaàn
z thread crest = highest point of z three-port engine n. the
screw thread, opposite the root: traditional two-stroke engine
Ñænh ren design incorporating the inlet port
z thread-cutting screw = a self- connecting the crankcase to the
drilling fastener that drills its own atmosphere, the transfer port
hole, taps a mating thread, and connecting the crankcase to the
then fastens, all in a single combustion chamber, and the
operation: Ñinh oác caét ren exhaust port to evacuate the spent
z thread diameter = diameter gas from combustion chamber:
measured from the crest of a Buoàng chaùy ñoäng cô hai kyø coù ba
thread to the corresponding crest cöûa
on the opposite side of the bolt or (NOTE: the term is used even if
screw: Ñöôøng kính ren the three-port types are in pairs).
z thread file = tool for restoring z three-speed gearbox or
internal or external threads by transmission n. a gearbox with
filing: Caùi giuõa ren three forward speeds; the usual
z thread gauge = SCREW arrangement for automatic
PITCH GAUGE gearboxes: Hoäp soá ba toác ñoä
z thread height = distance from z three-valve (engine) n.
roof to thread crest, measured enginewith two intake valves and
perpendicular to the axis of the one exhaust valve per cylinder; a
thread: Chieàu cao ren four-cylinder three-valve engine is
z thread pitch = PITCH: Böôùc also called a ‘12 valve engine:
ren Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp huùt vaø moät
z thread pitch gauge = SCREW suù paùp thaûi cho moãi xy lanh
PITCH GAUGE: Compa ño böôùc z three-way catalyst (TWC) n.
ren catalyst for the simultaneous
z thread root = lowest point of a conversion of the three exhaust
screw thread, where the thread pollutants HC, CO, and NO: Chaát
joins the body (opposite the crest): xuùc taùc ba taùc duïng
Chaân ren z three-way catalytic converter
z three-door a. typical design of = catalytic converter for the
sub-compact hatchbacks with two simultaneous control of HC, CO,
side doors and one tailgate: Xe ba and NO, emissions: Boä xuùc taùc ba

352
three-wheeler thrust bearing

taùc duïng preset idle speed: Solenoid böôùm

three-wheeler n. a light car with ga (ñieàu khieån caàm chöøng)
three wheels; formerly made throttle valve n. (a) (in air intake,
popular by, for example, the e.g., in carburettor) a butterfly
Morgan, the BSA and the Coventry valve in the inlet tract, designed to
Victor, now embodied by the provide control of power output by
Reliant Robin: Xe ba baùnh limiting the amount of fresh
throttle n. (a) = THROTTLE mixture induced: Böôùm ga
VALVE: Böôùm ga (b) (automatic transmission
(b) the accelerator pedal used to control) modulator valve actuated
control the throttle valve: Baøn ñaïp via either the accelerator pedal, or
ga the vacuum in the engine inlet
z throttle body injection (TBI) manifold, or the carburettor
n. = SINGLE POINT INJECTION: throttle; it converts line pressure
Phun ñôn ñieåm into an engine-load dependent
z throttle gauge n. tool with pressure, which is directed to
straight calibrated measuring pins various valve: Van kick-down
for measuring throttle and choke (hoäp soá)
valve gaps: Duïng cuï ño khe hôû z throttle (valve) switch n. =
böôùm ga THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR:
z throttle position sensor (TPS) Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga
n. (fuel injection) switch with two z throttling n. reducing the
contacts for the two end positions power output of an engine by
of the throttle valve, which sends a closing the throttle, thus restricting
signal to the electronic control unit airflow through the carburettor or
when the throttle valve is closed inlet tract: Söï giaûm ga
(idle) or wide open (full load): through bolt n. (i) generally,
Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga anybolt which is inserted through
z throttle return spring n. the parts of an assembly and
spring which forces the throttle secured on the other side by a nut;
valve closed when pressure is (ii) specifically, one of the two
taken off the accelerator pedal: Loø long bolts that bolts the starter or
xo hoaøn löïc böôùm ga alternator assembly together: Bu
z throttle shaft or spindle n. loâng xuyeân
shaft on which the throttle valve throwout bearing n. US =
disc pivots in a caburettor barrel or CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING
inlet tract: Truïc böôùm ga z throwout fork or lever n. US
throttle solenoid n. a solenoid = CLUTCH RELEASE LEVER
which operates mechanically on thrust bearing n. a low-friction
the throttle lever; when energized, bearing on a rotating shaft that
the solenoid stern extends and resists axial thrust in the shaft;
opens the throttle to establish the usually consists of a collar which

353
thrust plate time delay relay

bears against a ring of well engine when it is ticking over: Toác

lubricated stationary and ñoä ñoäng cô khi giaûm ga
sometimes tilting pads: Baïc (voøng tie rod n. generally, any connecting
bi) ñôõ chaën rod or bar, usually under tension:
z thrust plate n. = DRIVEN Roâ tuyn, thanh noái
PLATE: Ñóa bò ñoäng z tie rod end = steering ball joint
z thrust washer n. an axially at the outer end of a tie rod: Ñaàu
loaded washer, e.g. of a shaft roâ tuyn
bearing: Voøng ñeäm chaën z tie rod puller or separator =
thumb nut or thumbscrew n. a nut special automotive tool for forcing
or screw with projections enabling out joints on tie rod ends by screw
it to be turned by thumb and action: Duïng cuï thaùo roâ tuyn
forefinger; a wing nut / screw: Ñai TIG (short for) tungsten / inert gas:
oác coù tai ñeå thaùo laép baèng tay Vonfram / Khí trô
zthumb wheel n. small wheel z TIG welding = an inert are
for adjusting, which can be turned welding method using a tungsten
by using the thumb and forefinger: electrode: Kyõ thuaät haøn TIG
Nuùm ñieàu chænh vaën tay duøng ñieän cöïc Vonfram vaø khí
thyristor n. silicon-controlled trô
rectifier which converts alternating z TI-H = TRANSISTORIZED
current to a uni-directional current IGNITION WITH HALL
: thyristor GENERATOR: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
z thyristor ignition = löûa baùn daãn vôùiù caûm bieán Hall
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE z TI-I = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng IGNITION WITH INDUCTIVE
ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung (thyristor) PICK-UP: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn
TI = TRANSISTORIZED daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø
IGNITION: Ñaùnh löûa transistor tilt column n. a steering
z TI-B = BREAKER- column that can be adjusted for
TRIGGERED TRANSISTORIZED height: Truïc laùi chænh ñöôïc chieàu
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng cao
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù vít ñieàu z tilt / slide sunroof n. a
khieån sunroof, made of steel or glass,
tickler n. carburettor starting aid: that slides and tilts and is operated
maïch khôûi ñoäng (cheá hoaø khí) either manually or electrically:
tick over v. to run at low speed Cöûa trôøi coù theå môû nghieâng hoaëc
with the throttle control closed and tröôït
the transmission disengaged; to z tilt steering wheel n. a
idle: Chaïy ôû toác ñoä thaáp vôùi steering wheel that can be adjusted
caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng vaø ñaïp ly for height: Voâ laêng laùi chænh ñöôïc
hôïp ñoä cao
z tick-over n. the speed of an time delay relay n. a relay which

354
timed (fuel) injection tip

responds to a signal with a certain are open and closed: Bieåu ñoà
delay: Rôle ñaùp öùng chaäm phaân phoái khí
timed (fuel) injection n. = z timing light n. stroboscopic
SEQUENTIAL FUEL INJECTION: light used to set the ignition
Phun xaêng theo thöù töï (phun timing: Ñeøn caân löûa
töøng kim) z timing mark n. (a) (ignition
timer core n. (magnetic pick-up timing) timing indicator or pointer
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL: on the engine block and rotating
Roâto tín hieäu trong caûm bieán mark on the flywheel for basic
ñieän töø ignition timing: Daáu caân löûa
timing n. the setting of a mechanism (b) (valve timing; for camshafts)
so that it acts at exactly the right alignment or indexing mark on a
moment: Söï caân chænh (thôøi timing gear or camshaft pulley
ñieåm) which must be lined up with
z to set the timing = to adjust the another mark to give the correct
firing of the sparking plus so that it position: Daáu caân cam
coincides with the piston: Ñieàu z timing rotor n. rotating part of
chænh thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa the pick-up assembly, in the form
z timing belt n. plastic toothed of a drum with ferrite rods
belt with steel cord or fibreglass embedded vertically in the outer
reinforcements, used to drive the edge, used instead of a trigger
camshaft of a four-stroke engine: wheel: Roâto caûm bieán ñieän töø
Daây curoa cam loaïi nam chaâm quay
(NOTE: also called camshaft belt z timing shaft n.=
or cam belt) DISTRIBUTOR SHAFT: Truïc
z timing belt tensioner (pulley) = delco
spring-loaded jockey pulley or z timing window n. window
idler pulley designed to take up the through which it is possible to see
slack in the timing belt: Puli caêng the timing marks: Cöûa soå ñeå xem
ñai daãn ñoäng truïc cam daáu ñaùnh löûa (treân voû hoäp soá)
z timing chain n. a single or Timken (roller) bearing n. type of
double roller chain at the engine taper roller bearing: OÅ bi ñuõa coân
front that transmits crankshaft Timken
power to the camshaft; typicaly tinted glass or tinted windows or
used in OHC-engines: Daây xích (informal) tints n. glass that has
truyeàn ñoäng truïc cam been specially coloured to reduce
(NOTE: also called camshaft glare from the sun: Kính choáng
chain or cam chain). choùi (ñaõ phuû maøu)
z timing diagram n. a tip n. the end of a sparking plug
diagrammatic representation of the insulator, nearest the electrode:
engine timing, i.e. the times during Phaàn söù döôùi ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
which the inlet and exhaust valves bougie

355
TML top end

TML = TETRAMETHYL LEAD: top n. (a) a car roof, especially that

Chì Tetramethyl of a convertible: Mui xe
z toe-in n. slight inward (b) (short for) top gear: Soá cao
inclination of the leading edge of nhaát
the front wheels to improve top coat n. final paint coat: Lôùp
steering and equalize tyre wear: sôn cuoái
Ñoä chuïm giöõa hai baùnh xe tröôùc z top coat drier or oven = oven
(nhìn töø treân xuoáng) for drying or stoving the final paint
z toe-in angle = angle formed by coat: Loø saáy lôùp sôn cuoái
each front wheel plane and the z top dead centre (TDC) n. the
iongitudinal axis of the car, usually position when the piston has
expressed as the difference in reached the upper limit of its travel
distance between right and left in the cylinder and the centre line
wheel rims at front and rear, of the connecting rod is parallel to
measured at hub level.: Goùc chuïm the cylinder walls: Ñieåm cheát
z toe-out n. slight outward treân
inclination of the leading edge of z before top dead centre
the front wheels.: Ñoä doaõn giöõa (BTDC) = the period before a
hai baùnh xe tröôùc (nhìn töø treân piston reaches TDC; the time when
xuoáng) ignition occurs: Tröôùc ñieåm cheát
tolerance n. difference beween the treân
permissible maximum size and the z after top dead centre (ATDC)
permissible minimum size of a = the period after a piston has
measure quantity: Dung sai reached TDC and begins to
toll n. money charged for the use of a descend; maximum thrust is
road or bridge: Leä phí caàu, ñöôøng developed between 10oC and 15oC
z toll sticker = sticker displayed ATDC: Sau ñieåm cheát treân
on the windscreen denoting (NOTE: opposite is bottom dead
payment of a toll: Nhaõn ghi leä phí centre (BDC) ; the corresponding
caàu ñöôøng (treân kính xe) point (to TDC) in a horizontally
tommy bar n. short bar used as a opposed or ‘flat’ engine is that
lever to provide torque for closest to the combustion chamber,
tightening a box or socket spanner: also called inner dead centre)
Caàn sieát z top electrode n. (sparking
(NOTE: US English is cross bar). plug) earth electrode protruding
toothed belt n. positive-action above centre electrode, either full
reinforced rubber or plastic belt in coverage type or set back slightly
which parallel teeth engage with from the far edge of the centre
grooves in a driving and a driven electrode: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie
wheel; commonly used for the z top end n. the upper range of
valve timimg gear as an engine revolutions: Vuøng toác ñoä
alternative: Daây ñai raêng cao cuûa ñoäng cô

356
top end gasket set / kit torque spanner

z top end gasket set / kit n. set driven axle: Phaàn voû chöõ T cuûa
which includes all the seals, O-ring caàu sau
and gaskets required for the z torque converter (TC) n. type
assembly of the cylinder and of coupling device used with most
cylinder head: Boä roong, phôùt ñeå automatic gearboxes, consisting of
laép naép maùy. rotating and static vance assembly,
z top gear n. highest available by which torque can be transmitted
gear: Soá cao nhaát to a fluid held in a sealed
z top land n. = HEAD LAND: container, which in turn drives a
Ñænh pittoâng. rotor: Boä bieán moâ
z top-of-the-range model n. the z torque converter drive plate =
most powerful and expensive DRIVE PLATE: Ñóa daãn ñoäng boä
model in a particular bieán moâ
manufacture’s range: Kieåu xe cao z torque converter housing =
caáp nhaát trong moät doøng xe BELL HOUSING: Voû boä bieán moâ
z top speed n. the maximum z torque converter (lock-up)
speed of a vehicle: Toác ñoä toái ña clutch = automatically engaged
cuûa xe clutch in a lock-up torque
z top tints n. tinsted stripe at the converter; prevents slipping losses:
upper edge of the windscreen: Ly hôïp khoùa boä bieán moâ
Kính tröôùc coù daõi maøu phía treân z torque curve n. graph which
phaàn kính maøu phía treân shows engine torque as a function
z top up (with) v. to raise the of engine speed: Ñöôøng ñaëc tính
level of a liquid in a container to moment theo soá voøng quay (ñaëc
the required level: Ñoå ñaày tính toác ñoä)
z top up with distilled water = z torque limiter n. tool used in
add distilled water to the battery so conjunction with a plug spanner
that the plates are covered: Chaâm which allows the controlled
ñaày nöôùc caát vaøo bình aéc quy tightening of sparking plugs by
torpedo body n. early type of releasing automatically once a
touring car with a streamlined preset torque setting is reached:
torpedo-like body: Thaân xe coù Cô caáu haïn cheá momen xoaén
hình daùng gioáng quaû ngö loâi trong ñaàu vaën bougie
torque 1 n. mechanical force that z torque screwdriver n.
causes rotation: Moâ men quay, moâ screwdriver with a device that
men xoaén, löïc xoaén measures the amount of torque
2 v. (informal) to tighten with a being applied: Caùi tuoác nô vit coù
torque spanner: Sieát chaët vôùi caàn boä phaän ño löïc sieát
sieát löïc z torque spanner n. spanner
z torque arm n. T-shaped with a device for measure the
extrusion of the rear axle casing to amount of torque applied on a nut
take up forward thrust of the or bolt; used for threaded fasteners

357
torque split tow

with a critical tightening torque, DAMPER

such as cylinder head bolts, alloy total hydrocarbons (THC) n.
wheel lugs, suspension links, etc: measurement of all hydrocarbons
Caàn sieát löïc emitted by the exhaust system: Ño
ztorque split n. distributing toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon ñöôïc
torque between front and rear thaûi ra bôûi heä thoáng xaû
axles in a 4wd vehicle: Söï phaân z total-loss lubrication n. the
phoái moâmen giöõa 2 caàu components of the conventional
torque wrench n. = TORQUE two-stroke engine with crankcase
SPANNER : Caàn sieát löïc scavenging are lubricated by the
Torsen differential n. ‘torque- oil added to the fuel; since the oil
sensing‘ differential system is burnt along with the fuel, fresh
incorporating a worm and roller oil is constantly fed to the
mechanism: Boä vi sai Torsen (cô lubrication points inside the
caáu keát hôïp baùnh vít – truïc vít) engine: Söï boâi trôn baèng caùch
z Torsen four-wheel drive = theâm nhôùt vaøo nhieân lieäu
permanently engaged four-wheel z touch up v. to repair minimal
drive incorporating a Torsen blemishes in the paintwork, e.g.
differential: daãn ñoäng hai caàu vôùi those caused by stone chippings or
boä vi sai Torsen scratches: Sôn laïi choã traày nhoû
torsion n. the train on a part or treân thaân xe (do ñaù vaêng)
component produced by torque: toughened windcreen n. windcreen
Söï xoaén made of toughened glass which, on
torsional stiffness n. resistance impact, will not shatter like
against torsional loads, specified in ordinary glass but fractures into
newton-meter per angular degree small pieces and crazes over;
of body twisting: Ñoä choáng xoaén laminated glass is nowadays the
torsional vibration damper n. (i) preferred material: Kính cöùng
generally, any device that reduces nhieàu lôùp
torional vibrations (ii) touring car or tourer n. an early
specifically, the small flywheel on type of convertible, often with a
the front end of a crankshaft: Boä folding top, seating five or more
giaûm dao ñoäng xoaén passengers: Xe mui traàn 5 choã
z torsion bar n. metal bar tow v. (i) to pull a trailer or caravan
attached at one end to the body behide a vehicle by means of
and at the other to the axle, which atowing hitch: Keùo rô mooùc baèng
acts as a torsional spring when moùc keùo
twisted by the movement of the (ii) to pull a disabled vehicle
car: Thanh xoaén (noái töø cuoái thaân behind another vehicle by means
xe ñeán caàu) of a rope, cable or rigid bar: Keùo
z torsion damper n. = xe khaùc theo baèng daây caùp hoaëc
TORSIONAL VIBRATION thanh cöùng

358
towable traction control system

z towable a. (i) capable of being xe

towed: Coù theå ñöôïc keùo Toyota n. the largest car manufacture
(ii) description of a car after an in Japan and the third largest in the
accident: Xe bò ñuïng world (after GM and Ford): Haõng
z tow away v. to remove xe Toyota.
unauthorized (e.g. illegally parked) TPS = THROTTLE POSITION
vehicle, thus incurring a hefty fine SENSOR
for the owners: Keùo xe ñi bôûi track n. (vehicle geometry) distance
caûnh saùt do phaïm luaät between the centres of the contact
z towball or towing ball n. patches of two wheels on a
metal ball on a towing bracket onto common axle: Beà roäng cô sôû cuûa
which a trailer or caravan is xe
coupled: Moùc keùo xe (NOTE: US English is tread)
(NOTE: US English is hitch ball). z track bar n. = PANHARD
z tow bar n. (a) crossbar of a ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
towing bracket onto which the z tracking n. (a) correct
towball is mounted: Ñoøn gaén moùc alignment of the wheels; adjusted
keùo by means of the track rods: Chænh
(b) rigid bar used for towing ñoä chuïm baùnh xe
disabled vehicle short distances: z tracking mark n. telltale sign
Thanh cöùng keùo xe on the distributor cover or ignition
(c) = DRAWBAR: Ñoøn keùo cables indicating a leakage of
tower jack n. tower with a solid foot current: Veát roø ñieän cao aùp
and an arm at right angles which z track rod n. one of the
fits into a slot in the side of a car transverse bars connecting the
and is would up the tower to raise steering system to the steering
the vehicle: Caùi kích con ñoäi arms; the link between the drop
daïng thaùp arm and the steering-knuckle arm:
towing bracket n. structure attached Roâ tuyn
to the rear of a car to enable a (NOTE: also called tie rod).
trailer or caravan to be towed; traction n. (a) pulling force: Löïc keùo.
consists of one or two brackets, a (b) adhesive friction between the
towbar and towball: Moùc ñeå keùo tyre and the road surface; gripping
(tröôùc xe) power: Khaû naêng baùm cuûa baùnh
z towing eye or towing lug n. xe.
steel ring fitted to the chassis of a z traction avant (French for)
car to which a towrope can be front wheel drive: Baùnh tröôùc chuû
attached: Loã moùc xích keùo ñoäng.
z towrope n. rope, or textile or z traction control system n. =
plastic covered cable,ususally no ANTI-SPIN REGULATION: Heä
longer than 5 metres, used for thoáng ñieàu khieån löïc keùo (choáng
towing another vehicle: Daây keùo quay xe)

359
traction differential Transistorized coil ignition

z traction differential n. = road and which is usually powered

LIMITED-SPIN DIFFERENTIAL: by an overhead cable: Xe chôû
Boä vi sai coù khoùa choáng quay khaùch coâng coäng chaïy baèng ñieän
z tractive conversion n. = (xe ñieän)
STALL TORQUE RATIO (NOTE: US English is street car).
traffic n. vehicles travelling along a z tramline or tramway n. the
road or street: Xe coä treân ñöôøng rails along which a tram runs:
z trafficator n. = SEMAPHORE Ñöôøng ray xe ñieän
INDICATOR tranny n. US (informal) =
z traffic circle n. US roundabout: TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá
Voøng xoay transaxle n. combination of
z traffic island n. raised area in transmission and differential
the middle of a road designed to typical of FWD cars with
separate two flows of traffic and to transverse engines: Cuïm hoäp soá
provide a safe temporary stopping vaø caàu cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang
place for pedestrians crossing the z transaxle housing = usually an
road: Con löôn daønh cho ngöôøi ñi aluminium casting for the
boä ñöùng traùnh xe transaxle: Voû hoäp soá vaø caàu
z traffic jam n. a number of transfer (gear) box or transfer case
vehicles stopped behind one n. gearbox that transfers an input
another on a road: Söï uøn taéc giao drive between two shafts, e.g.
thoâng, keït xe between front and rear axle in
z traffic light n. red, amber, and four-wheel drive vehicles: Hoäp soá
green lights on a traffic signal phuï
placed at junctions to regulate the z transfer plate n. adapter plate
flow of traffic: Ñeøn tín hieäu giao in the control valve assembly of
thoâng automatic transmissions, used to
trail n. = CASTOR direct the fluid flow between
trailer n. (a) a, usually two-wheeled, adjacent valve bodies: Taám
vehicle designed to be towed chuyeån doøng chaûy (hoäp soá töï
behind a car: Xe moùc ñoäng)
(b) the goods-containing part of an z transfer port n. port in the
articulated lorry that is drawn by cylinder of a two-stroke engine
the cab: Toa moùc through which the compressed
(c) US caravan: Xe nhaø löu ñoäng combustible air/fuel mixture enters
trailling arm or link n. rear the combustion chamber from the
suspension link which supports the crankcase: Cöûa naïp (ñoäng cô hai
wheel behide the pivot point: Ñoøn kyø)
keùo heä thoáng treo sau Transistorized coil ignition (TCI)
tram (car) n. electrically driven (system) n. =
public transport vehicle which runs TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
on rails laid in the surface of the (SYSTEM): Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn

360
transistorized ignition (system) transmission cover

duøng transistor of motive force or power: Söï

z transistorized coil ignition with truyeàn löïc hoaëc coâng suaát
Hall sensor (TCI-H) = (b) the drive train system from
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION clutch to final drive (c) US
WITH HALL GENERATOR: gearbox: Boä truyeàn löïc, hoäp soá
Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm bieán z transmission controlled spark
Hall (TCS) n. system to reduce the
z transistorized ignition (system) emission of nitrous oxides by
(TI) = ignition system using a which a vacuum solenoid and a
transistor as a power switch; switch in the transmission system
available as breaker-triggered TI prevents the distributor’s vacuum
with contact breaker or as advance mechanism from
breakerless TI with magnetic pick- operating in the lower gears and at
up or Hall generator: Heä thoáng low speed: Ñieàu khieån löûa ñeå
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn giaûm haøm löôïng NOx qua cô caáu
z transistorized ignition system ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng taùc
with inductive pulse generator = ñoäng nhôø coâng taéc ôû hoäp soá
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION z transmission control module
WITH INDUCTIVE PICK-UP: Heä (TCM) n. electronic automatic
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm transmission control unit which
bieán ñieän töø computes data on the actuoácl
z transistorized ignition with operating conditions of the vehicle
Hall generator (TI-H) = there are and generates corresponding signal
two types of TI-H; in one version, pulses for the solenoid valve of the
the dwell angle is determined by hydraulic control system; may also
the width of the rotor vanes in the exchange data with other
distributor; the other version electronic control units: Hoäp ñieän
contains a circuit for automatic töû ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï ñoäng
dwell angle control incorporated in z transmission control system n.
the electronic control unit: Heä hydraulic or electro-hydraulic
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm system which controls the changes
bieán Hall of ratio in automatic transmissions
z transistorized ignition with corresponding to engine load,
inductive or magnetic pick-up vehicle speed, positions of the
(TI-I) = transistorized ignition selector lever, and shift mode
system with a magnetic pick-up in button.: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån hoäp
the distributor and an electronic soá
control unit for signal processing, z transmission cover n. a
with curent and dwell angle removable part of the floorpan
control: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn usually located at the front end of
daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø the centre tunnel in cars with a
transmission n. (a) the transference longitudinally mounted engine;

361
transmission extension (housing) tread

provides better access to the top of longitudinal engine).

the gearbox for maintenance and z transverse (flow) scavenging
adjustment purposes: Voû hoäp soá n. = CROSS SCAVENGING: Söï
(cho ñoäng cô naèm doïc) queùt khí thaúng
z transmission extension z transverse leaf spring n.
(housing) n. rear-wheel drive usually a semi-elliptic leaf spring
transmission housing enclosing an mounted across the car for either
extended main shaft, sometimes front or rear suspension, with
accommodating the gear lever and radius arms being necessary to
associated mechanism: Voû caàu sau locate the axle: Laù nhíp naèm
z transmission governor n. = ngang
GOVERNOR: Boä ñieàu toác z transverse rod n. = PANHARD
z transmission housing n. ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
housing containing the gearbox trap n. a filter or separator: caùi loïc
and final drive on front-wheel z trap oxidizer = in diesel
drive cars with transverse engines particulate filters, a means of
in which housing and clutch are at burning the particulate charge
opposite ends of the engine: Voû trapped in the filter element, to
hoäp soá (cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang) prevent the filter from clogging
transmitter n. (e.g. of radio remote and to restore filtration capacity;
control system) device that usually a catalyst coating that
transmits electrical or radio promotes oxidation of carbon
signals: Boä phaùt tín hieäu voâ tuyeán particulates to harmless carbon
(ñieàu khieån töø xa) dioxide: Boä phaän ñoát tieáp muoäi
( NOTE: opposite is receiver). than
transporter n. large articulated lorry z trapping efficiency n. (of two-
for transporting several cars (on stroke engines) the mass of fresh
two or three decks): Loaïi xe to charge in a cylinder actually
duøng ñeå chôû oâ toâ retained, divided by the mass of
Transverse engine n. the typical fresh charge supplied per cycle:
engine arrangement on FWD Hieäu suaát naïp (2 kyø)
subcompact cars with the engine travel n. the distance moved by a
mounted across the car, which mechanical part when performing
reduces the length of the engine an operation; e.g. the stroke of a
compartment, resulting in more piston: Haønh trình
space for the passenger TR-Denloc rim / wheel = TD RIM /
compartment; introduced in 1959 WHEEL: Nieàng / baùnh xe TR-
by the British design engineer Sir Denloc
Alec Issigonis on the BMC Mini: tread n. (a) the part of the tyre that
Ñoäng cô naèm ngang makes contact with the road; it is
(NOTE: also called east-west the thickest part of the tyre and is
layout; the opposite is cut with grooves to provide traction

362
tread depth trip computer

for driving and stopping: Maët gai typically delivering less than five
voû xe amperes: Boä naïp ñieän loaïi nhoû
(b) US = TRACK. trigger box n. = IGNITION
z tread depth n. the depth of CONTROL UNIT: Boä ñieàu khieån
the grooves in a tyre tread; 1.6 mm (IC) ñaùnh löûa
across three-quarters of the tyre z triggering device or unit
which is a legal requirement: electronic control unit that triggers
Chieàu saâu gai voû xe the air bag in a crash, containing a
z tread depth gauge = simple deceleration sensor, a Hamlin
compact device for measuring the switch and a check circuit: Thieát
depth of tread, consisting of a bò laøm bung tuùi khí
spring-loaded plunger calibrated in z trigger wheel n. (a) rotor of a
millimetres: Duïng cuï ño chieàu magnetic pick-up integrated into
saâu gai voû xe the distributor, with as many teeth
z tread groove n. one of several as the engine has cylinders: Roâto
channels cut in the tread that caûm bieán ñieän töø
disperses water when the road is (b) (Hall generator) rotor with an
wet: Ñöôøng raõnh ta loâng voû xe outer ring interrupted by one or
z tread profile n. the shape of several Hall windows, depending
the tread as seen in cross section: on its purpose: Roâto caûm bieán
Daïng ta loâng loáp xe ñöôïc nhìn Hall
theo maët caét ngang trim n. (a) a car’s interior decoration,
triangular earth electrode n. earth including the upholstery, roof and
electrode having three bridges door linings (b) a car’s exterior
attached to its end points, which decoration, including wheel trims,
from a link to the treaded shell: rubbing strips, bezels: Söï trang trí
ñieän cöïc 3 chaáu (bougie) xe
z triangular safety reflector n. (NOTE: also called soft trim)
= WARNING TRIANGLE: Bieån z trim panel n. decorative interior
baùo nguy hieåm hình tam giaùc panel: Taám trang trí.
tricar n. old name for a three- z trim panel release tool = fork-
wheeler: Xe oâ toâ, moâ toâ ba baùnh like tool used to pry out fasteners
trichlorethene or trichlorethylene on interior panels without breaking
(C2HCl3) n. cleaning solvent: them or damaging the car: Duïng
Loaïi dung moâi cuï thaùo taám trang trí.
trickle charge n. continuous charging trip computer n. computer with a
of a storage battery at a low rate to multi-function display; supplies the
keep it in a fully charged condition drive with trip information such as
for a period when no current is range, ETA, distance to
drawn from it: Naïp aéc quy töø töø destination, time, fuel economy,
z trickle charger = small, fuel consumption, average speed,
mains-operated battery charger, accumulated trip miles, elapsed

363
triplex chain tubing reamer

time since last reset: maùy tính Michelin with a flattened rim
haønh trình flange and run-flat potential:
triplex chain n. a chain with three Nieàng xe an toaøn TR
rows of rollers: Xích coù ba daõy truck n. a large lorry.: Xe vaän taûi
con laên naëng
trip meter or trip mileage counter true n. & adv. Accurately made
n. = TRIP RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà or correctly adjusted: Söï laép ñuùng
ño quaõng ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh choã (n.), chænh ñuùng (adv.)
trình z the wheel runs true = the
trip odometer n. = TRIP wheel rolls straight without any
RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng wobble or deviation from side to
ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh trình side: Baùnh xe chaïy khoâng ñaûo
z trip recorder n. incorporated (NOTE: opposite is out of true).
in the speedometer, the trip z true up v. = DRESS: Baøo
recorder indicates the mileage (in maët, maøi giuõa
miles or km) covered during a trunk n. US boot : Thuøng ñeå haønh
particular journey (trip), either lyù ñaèng sau xe hôi
mechanically or electronically; trip tube n. (a) long hollow cylinder for
figures can be reset to zero by carrying liquids or gas: OÁng daãn
turning or pushing a reset button: (b) = INNER TUBE: Ruoät xe
Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng ñöôøng moät z tube bender = tool for bending
cuoäc haønh trình tubing without collapsing it, e.g.
trolleybus n. electrically powered pipe bending pliers: duïng cuï uoán
public transport bus that takes its oáng
power from overhead wires: OÂ toâ z tube cutter = tool with cutting
ñieän (baùnh hôi) wheels for cutting off tubing
z trolley jack n. hydraulic jack evenly at right angles: Duïng cuï
with swivel wheels: Con ñoäi thuyû caét oáng
löïc coù baùnh xe z tubed a. (of a tyre) having an
troy weight n. system of inner tube: Coù ruoät xe (loáp xe)
measurement of weight used for z tubeless a. (of a tyre) having
gold and other metals, such as no inner tube: Khoâng coù ruoät xe
silver and platinum: Heä thoáng ño (loáp xe)
troïng löôïng cuûa Anh duøng ñeå caân z tubeless tyre = tyre with no
vaøng, baïc inner tube, whose air pressure is
z troy ounce = measurement of maintained by an air-tight seal
weight (= 31.10 grammes): Ñôn vò between the outer casing of the
ño troïng löôïng cuûa vaøng tyre and the wheel rim: Loáp (voû)
(NOTE: in writing, often shortened xe khoâng coù ruoät
to troy oz, after figures: 25.2 troy z tubing reamer n. tool used to
oz.) remove burrs on tubes, e.g. after a
TR rim n. safety rim developed by tube cutter is used when servicing

364
tubular turbocharged engine

the brake line system.: Caùi laõ oáng white element used in lamp
z tubular a. in the shape of a tube; filaments, electrical contact points
cylindrical: Coù hình oáng and, alloyed with steel, in high-
z tubular backbone frame = a speed cutting tools: Vonfram
backbone chassis with a tubular z tungsten-halogen bulb = a
central spine: Khung söôøn chính quartz-halogen bulb with a
baèng oáng tungsten filament: Boùng ñeøn
z tubular frame = frame vonfam-halogen
construction that features members tuning n. the adjustment of
of tubular cross section; often used carburettor, ignition timing, etc. to
for racing cars, as this layout improve performance: Söï caân
allows for weight-saving design chænh ñoäng cô
with the used of aluminium: tunnel drier or tunnel furnace n.
Khung xe baèng oáng raùp laïi heated tunnel through which body
z tubular nut driver or spinner shells are passed in painting lines,
= nut driver with handle and e.g. to dry their phosphate coating:
tubular shank for driving hexagon OÁng saáy sôn
nuts and bolts: oáng tuyùp turbine n. machine which produces
tuner n. that component / circuit of a power by the action of water,
radio which tunes to the steam, gas, etc. turning a wheel
frequencies of radio stations; with blades.: Tuoác bin
(tuner + amplifier = receiver): Boä z turbine housing or casing n.
doø ñaøi (radio) the casing enclosing a turbine.: Voû
tune (up) v. to adjust an engine to tuoác bin
obtain optimum performance; e.g. turbine wheel n. (a) (of a
adjustment of the ignition timing, turbocharger) wheel driven by
valve clearances and the exhaust gases, the turbine wheel
carburettor’s idling circuit, and spins at speed up to 1.6 x 105 rpm
servicing of the distributor and and drivesthe compressor which is
sparking plugs: Caân chænh ñoäng located at the opposite end of the
cô turbine shaft; wheel and shaft are
z tuned header n. = HIGH- usually inseparable: Baùnh coâng
PERFORMANCE HEADER taùc cuûa tuoác bin taêng aùp
z tune-up n. adjustments made (b) (of a torque converter) driven
to an engine to improve its member which transmits multiplied
performance: Söï caân chænh ñoäng engine torque to the transmission
cô in put shaft: Baùnh coâng taùc cuûa boä
z tune-up decal or label = bieán moâ
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL turbocharged engine n. engine fitted
INFORMATION: Nhaõn chöùng with a turbocharger: Ñoäng cô coù
nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra khí thaûi tuoác bin taêng aùp
tungsten n. hard, malleable, greyish- turbocharger or (informal) turbo n.

365
turbocharging twelve-valve

a centrifugal compressor or chænh chieàu daøi qua ñai oác

supercharger driven by exhaust gas z turning circle n. the smallest
energy: Tuoác bin taêng aùp circle in which a vehicle can turn,
turbocharging n. a method of i.e. with the wheels on full lock:
extracting more power from an Voøng troøn nhoû nhaát trong ñoù
engine of a given capacity by moät chieác xe coù theå quay ñaàu
means of a turbine unit driven by ñöôïc
exhaust gases and rotating at very z turning radius = the radius of
high speed.: taêng aùp baèng tuoác the turning circle: Baùn kính xe
bin quay voøng
turbo diesel (engine) n. a diesel z turn-in rate n. the way a car
engine which is turbocharged: steers into a bend; the roll-steer
Ñoäng cô Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng effect: Ñoä quay
aùp z turnpike n. US toll road,
z turbo diesel engine with direct especially one that is an
injection (TDI) = directly injected expressway: Coång ngaên thu leä phí
turbo diesel engine: Ñoäng cô ñöôøng
Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng aùp phun z turn signal indicator n. =
tröïc tieáp DIRECTION INDICATOR: Ñeøn
(NOTE: opposite is swirt-chamber xi nhan, ñeøn baùo reõ
diesel engine). TVS = THERMAL VACUUM
z turbo gauge n. boost pressure SWITCH: Coâng taéc nhieät chaân
gauge of turbocharged engines: khoâng
Ñoàng hoà baùo aùp suaát tuoác bin z TVV = THERMAL VACUUM
taêng aùp VALVE : Van nhieät chaân khoâng.
z turbo lag n. the time it takes a TWC = THREE-WAY CATALYST:
turbocharger to respond after the Boä xuùc taùc ba chaát taùc duïng.
accelerator pedal has been tweak n. (informal) to tune an engine
depressed: Thôøi gian ñaùp öùng cuûa for peak performance: Hieäu chænh
tuoác bin ñoäng cô ñaït coâng suaát toái ña
z turbo-supercharger n. = twelve-cylinder engine n. an engine
TURBOCHARGER: Tuoác bin with twelve cylinders, e.g. a V-12:
taêng aùp Ñoäng cô 12 xi lanh.
turbulence n. = SWIRL: Söï xoaùy twelve-valve (engine) n. three-
loác cylinder engine with four valves
turnbuckle n. metal sleeve with per cylinder ( e.g. Daihatsu), or a
opposite internal threads each end six-cylinder engine with two
for the threaded ends of two rods valves per cylinder, or a four-
or for ringbolts, forming a coupling cylinder engine with three valves
that can be turned to tighten or per cylinder, i.e. two inlet valves
loosen the rods or wires attached to and one exhaust valve: Ñoäng cô
the ringbolts: Thanh coù theå hieäu 12 suù paùp (3 xy lanh vôùi 4 suù paùp

366
TWI twin swirl combustion chamber

cho moãi xy lanh). arrangement containing two

TWI = THREAD WEAR headlights; the outer lights provide
INDICATORS: Duïng cuï ño ñoä the main and dipped beams, the
moøn ren. inner lights are for main beam
twin A-arm suspension n. = only: Ñeøn ñaàu coù hai boùng
DOUBLE WISHBONE z twin ignition (system) n.
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo tay distributor with two sets of contact
ñoøn chöõ A ñoâi points, each of which operates with
z twin axle n. = TANDEM its own coil in a separate primary
AXLE: Caàu xe ñoâi. circuit; the contact points open
z twin barrel or twin choke alternately, each set firing haft of
carburettor n. carburettor with the cylinders: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
two identical barrels to feed two keùp (2 vít löûa)
banks of cylinders : Boä cheá hoøa z twin overhead camshaft n. =
khí coù hai böôùm gioù. DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM-
z twin cam (shaft) engine n. = SHAFT: Ñoäng cô coù hai truïc cam
DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM- treân naép maùy
SHAFT ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù hai z twin-piston engine n. now
truïc cam treân naép maùy obsolete two-stroke engine design
z twin carburettors (TC) n. two featuring two cylinder barrels plus
carburettors on an engine, two pistons per cylinder; the
mechanically coupled and pistons are linked to the crankshaft
balanced: Boä cheá hoøa khí ñoâi. via a forked con rod or a master/
z twin diaphragm pump n. slave con rod assembly : Ñoäng cô
diaphragm pump with two hai pittoâng.
diaphragms; if one fails the other z twin-planets n. two planet
takes over its function: Bôm maøng gears in mesh; one meshes with
ñoâi. the sun gear and the other with the
z twin exhaust system n. internal gear: Boä baùnh raêng haønh
exhaust system with two tailpipes; tinh
either a complete exhaust system, z twin-plate clutch n. clutch with
as on performance cars and cars two driven plates separated by an
with V-engines, or simply two intermediate drive plate; gives
tailpipes emanating from the rear higher torque capacity: Ly hôïp hai
silencer: Heä thoáng xaû coù hai oáng ñóa
poâ z twin plug or twin spark ignition
(NOTE: US English is dual n. = TWIN IGNITION (SYSTEM):
exhaust system). Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
z twin front pipe or twin header boâbin ñoâi.
or headpipe n. = Y-PIPE.: Ñaàu z twin swirl combustion chamber
oáng poâ daïng chöõ Y n. special design of a four-stroke
z twin headlamp n. headlamp engine, in which the intake valves

367
twin-tube damper two-valve engine

are arranged in such a way as to and the wheel disc or spider bolted
ensure that the gas flow ends in together : Maâm hôïp kim loaïi hai
two separate swirl; this design nöûa taùch rôøi
improves swirl and thus enhances (NOTE: ‘ forged ‘ is optional, since
combustion of the fuel / air mixture multi-piece alloy wheels are
within cylinder: Buoàng chaùy vôùi always forged and not cast)
hai ñöôøng xoaùy loác z two-speed a. having two-speed
z twin-tube damper n. = settings (e.g. fan, windscreen
DOUBLE-TUBE SHOCK wiper): Hai toác ñoä.
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm chaán hai z two-speed gearbox = DUAL-
oáng RANGE GEARBOX: Hoäp soá hai
z twin wheel n. (a) a double- toác ñoä.
rimmed wheel with two z two-stage carburettor n. =
independently inflated tyres; has COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
good aquaplaning and run-flat Boä cheá hoøa khí keùp.
properties: Baùnh xe hai nieàng z two-stage pump = generally a
(b) with two wheel fitted to one centrifugal pump with two
hub ( as in HGVs ): Baùnh xe ñoâi. impellers and diffusers arranged in
twist-beam rear axle n. = SEMI- series: Bôm hai taàng
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION: two-stroke cycle n. operating
Heä thoáng treo baùn ñoäc laäp. principle of an internal combustion
z twist drill n. drill bit having engine characterized by the fact
two helical grooves running from that the inlet, compression,
the point along the shank: Löôõi combustion and exhaust phases
khoan overlap and require only two
z two-cycle engine n. = TWO- cycles; used mainly by small
STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô hai motocycle engines: Chu trình
kyø ñoäng cô hai kyø
z two-door n. having one door z two-stroke engine = an engine
on each side; a body design typical operating on the two-stroke cycle:
of all two-seater sports cars (such Ñoäng cô hai kyø.
as roadster, spiders) and many two-tone horn n. two horns whose
subcompact cars: Xe hai cöûa. diaphragms cause a column of air
z two-pack paint = paint to resonate at two different
prepared by mixing two frequencies: Coøi hai gioïng.
constituents, such as pigment and z two-tone paint = paint colour
an acrylic resin: Loaïi sôn ñöôïc of two different shades: Lôùp sôn
pha troän töø hai thaønh phaàn khaùc coù hai toâng maøu.
nhau (ví duï chaát maøu vaø nhöïa z two-valve engine n. engine
acylic) with two-valves per cylinder:
z two-piece (forged) alloy wheel Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy
n. wheel which consists of the rim lanh

368
two-valve head tyre pressure

z two-valve head = cylinder head tyre n. the casing-and-thread

with two valves per cylinder: Naép assembly that is mounted on a
xy lanh coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy wheel to provide preumatically
lanh cushioned contact and traction with
z two-way catalyst n. = the road: Voû, loáp xe.
OXIDIZING CATALYST: Chaát z tyre bead n. the part of a tyre
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng which is shaped to fit the rim and
z two-way (catalytic) converter rests on the rim bead seat; made of
= OXIDIZING CONVERTER: Boä steel wires, wrapped and
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng reinforced by the plies of the tyre:
z two-way system n. Gaân meùp voû xe
turbocharging system in which, as z tyre body n. = CARCASS
long as the charging pressure is z tyre chains n. = SNOW
insufficient, the air is drawn in CHAINS
from a prechamber via a z tyre contact area / zone n. =
diaphragm valve; with rising CONTACT PATCH
charging pressure, the valve closes z tyre gauge n. = TYRE
and the turbocharger delivers air PRESSURE GAUGE
via the surge tank connected to a z tyre iron n. = TYRE LEVER :
pressure regulator: Heä thoáng tuoác Caàn naäy voû xe
bin taêng aùp coù hai ñöôøng daãn (NOTE: the term tyre iron is
z two-wheel drive n. the normal occasionally used to denote a
drive for a vehicle in which two of wheelbrace with a flat end and a
the four wheels (either front or socket end).
rear) are driven: Hai baùnh chuû z tyre kicker n. (informal) in
ñoäng. car sales jargon, a person who is
z two-wheel driven = of a vehicle just looking, not buying. : ngöôøi
with two-wheel drive; also written chæ ñi xem maø khoâng mua xe
‘4 x 2‘: Hai baùnh bò ñoäng. z tyre lever n. special automotive
type approval certificate n. tool used to remove and install
certificate issued by the tyres by level action or to prize off
Department of Transport denoting parts : Caàn naäy voû xe
that a particular vehicle type meets (NOTE: US English is iron)
official requirements: giaáy chöùng tyre pressure n. manufacture’s
nhaän xe ñuû tieâu chuaån recommended pressure for a tyre,
z type designation or symbol n. dependent on load, speed, etc…
sparking plug designation usually given in bar, or pound-
indicating seat and thread type, force per square inch (psi): AÙp
version, heat range code number, suaát loáp xe
reach, spark position, and z tyre pressure gauge =
electrode material: Kyù hieäu loaïi instrument for measuring air
bougie pressure in a tyre: Duïng cuï ño aùp

369
tyre rotation tyre valve

suaát loáp xe z tyre squeal n. noise made by

tyre rotation n. = WHEEL the tyres when sufiering sudden
ROTATION: Söï thay ñoåi voû xe acceleration or braking or when
(giöõa caùc baùnh tröôùc vaø sau) cornering too fast: Tieáng rít cuûa
z tyre scuff n. = TYRE WEAR: voû xe.
Söï moøn voû xe z tyre tread gauge n. = TREAD
z tyre size (designation) n. DEPTH GAUGE
specified on the tyre sidewall; e.g. z tyre valve n. the function of
P 205/60 R 15, where: P = the tyre valve is to admit air under
Passenger car; 205 = tyre width in pressure to the tyre chamber
millimetres; 60 = tyre section formed between the casing and the
height to width ratio; R = radial rim, and to release air for pressure-
ply; 15 = nominal run diameter in adjustment purposes or tyre
inches: Thoâng soá kích thöôùc voû removal; car tubeless tyres use a
loáp xe snap-in valve: Van loáp xe
z tyre slip angle n. = SLIP
ANGLE

370
U-bolt underinflated tyre

Uu

U-bolt n. metal bar in the shape of a z underbody structure = the

U, threaded at both ends and often structural members and flat panels
with a bridging piece to close the of the body-work on the chassis
circle; used to secure leaf springs, level: Caáu truùc khung gaàm
exhaust pipes, ring bolts, shackles, (NOTE: may also be called sub-
etc: Bu-loâng hình chöõ U (duøng structure)
keïp nhíp, poâ) z underbonnet area n. the
U-cylinder engine n. = TWIN- engine compartment: Vuøng capoâ
PISTON ENGINE chöùa ñoäng cô xe
UDC = UPPER DEAD CENTRE z undercarriage n. =
UJ or U-joint = UNIVERSAL JOINT UNDERBODY STRUCTURE
ultrasonic welding n. a high-tech undercoat n. (a) any preliminary
welding procedure used for metals coat of paint applied prior to the
(e. g. in wire bonding of top coat (b) US = UNIVERSAL:
integrated circuits) and plastics: Lôùp sôn loùt tröôùc lôùp sôn ngoaøi
Kyõ thuaät haøn sieâu aâm (duøng ñeå undercut n. recess either cut or
daùn daây treân vi maïch) moulded into the underside of an
unburnt hydrocarbons n. pollutant object so as to leave a lip or
(basically petrol vapour) released protuberance at the top: Vaønh
into the atmosphere as an exhaust z underfloor n. the underside of
gas, due to incomplete a car: Gaàm xe
combustion: Hydrocacbon coøn z underfloor mid-engine = new
soùt (chöa chaùy) trong khí thaûi design, introduced on the Toyota
UNC thread n. Unified National Previa minivan, where the engine
Coarse thread; one of the screw is located below the passenger
threads used on British cars: compartment, between front and
Ñöôøng ren thoâ theo tieâu chuaån rear: Ñoäng cô ñaët giöõa xe
quoác gia Anh z underframe n. general term
underbody n. the underside of a car: referring to the underbody
Gaàm xe backbone of a car, both for unitary
z underbody coating or or chassis designs: Khung xe
underbody protection = coating z underhead collar n. washer
of the underbody of a vehicle, fitted under the head of a bolt or
usually with organic coating screw: Voøng ñeäm döôùi ñaàu bu-
materials (plastic, wax, bitumen- loâng hoaëc ñinh vít
based products), to protect it from z underinflated tyre n. tyre
mechanical damage and which has too little air in it,
corrosion: Lôùp phuû choáng va ñaäp causing increased wear at the
vaø aên moøn gaàm xe tread edge: Baùnh xe non hôi (laøm

371
underpowered uniform corrosion

moøn gai) to turn less sharply than the driver

(NOTE: opposite is overinflated intends: Quay voøng thieáu
tyre) 2 n. action of understerring: Söï
z underpowered a. of a car quay voøng thieáu
whose engine provides less power (NOTE: opposite is oversteer)
than is necessary for acceptable z undertray n. the bottom panel
performance; especially of multi-layer or complex
noticeable when accelerating, underbody panel assemblies,
overtaking or going uphill: Xe which faces the road surface: saøn
chaïy khoâng ñuû coâng suaát, lì maùy döôùi xe
z underseal 1 n. rustproof z undertread n. = BREAKER
coating with sound-deadening unequal-length wishbone suspension
properties applied to the or (informal) unequal wishbones
underbody: Lôùp sôn loùt gaàm xe n. double wishbone suspension
(NOTE: US English is undercoat) system in which the upper
2 v. to apply underseal: Phuû lôùp wishbone is shorter than the lower
sôn loùt cho gaàm xe one, with both converging slightly
z under seat panel n. = SEAT at the wheel hub; reduces tyre
WELL wear due to variations in track and
undershield n. body accessory panel camber angle when cornering: Heä
made from tough, oil-resistant thoáng treo hai ñoøn coù chieàu daøi
plastic for fitting on cars that do khoâng baèng nhau
not have a standard wheel house UNF thread n. Unified National Fine
panel: Taám che phía döôùi gaàm thread; one of the screw threads
underside n. the lower side of the used on British cars: Ñöôøng ren
underbody, i. e. the surfaces that mòn theo tieâu chuaån quoác gia
the road surface: Maët beân döôùi Anh
xe (gaàm xe) Unibody (construction) n. =
z underslung a. suspended UNITARY CONSTRUCTION:
below a supporting member, e. g. Caáu truùc khung nguyeân khoái
of a chassis suspended below the unidirectional (flow) scavenging or
axles: Khung ñöôïc treo thaáp hôn uniflow scavenging n.
caàu scavenging process of two-stroke
z underslung frame = frame engines: Heä thoáng queùt khí moät
design of the pre-war era whose chieàu (ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
characteristic feature is that the Unified National Coarse thread see
frame members run below the UNC THREAD
axles: Khung xe döôùi truïc Unified National Fine thread see
z undersquare engine n. = UNF THREAD
LONG STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng uniform corrosion n. corrosion
cô coù haønh trình pittoâng daøi occurring over the entire exposed
z understeer 1 v. (of a vehicle) surface: Söï aên moøn toaøn boä beà

372
union nut U section

maët lead has been added: Xaêng

(NOTE: opposite is localized khoâng
corrosion) pha chì
union nut n. nut used to secure the unloader valve n. = DELIVERY
connection between pipes or rods: VALVE
Ñai oác noái oáng daãn, thanh, caàn unsprung mass or weight n. the
(Raêcco) weight of those parts of the car
unitary construction n. modern which are not carried by the
chassis layout with no separate suspension system, but are
frame, using the sheet metal parts supported directly by the tyre and
of the vehicle body or floorpan as wheel assembly and considered to
structural members which also move with it: Khoái löôïng khoâng
carry all suspension parts; ñöôïc treo (khoái löôïng cuûa caùc
introduced by Citroen in 1934, by chi tieát noái vôùi baùnh xe)
GM/Opel Olympia in 1935: Caáu (NOTE: opposite is sprung mass /
truùc khung nguyeân khoái weight)
(NOTE: also called monocoque) updraught carburettor n.
unit engine n. a term used for carburettor in which the air / fuel
motorcycles where engine and mixture is drawn in from below; a
gearbox are accommodated in one rather unusual type: Boä cheá hoøa
common housing: Cuïm ñoäng cô khí ñaûo ngöôïc (coù mieäng huùt gioù
goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá treân xe vaø caùc boä phaän phuï thuoäc ñeå
gaén maùy. luoàng gioù ñi töø döôùi leân treân vaø
universal joint (UJ) n. (a) a form of chaïy thaúng qua oáng goùp naïp)
coupling between two rotating (NOTE: opposite is downdraught
shafts allowing freedom of carburettor)
movement in all directions; upper dead centre (UDC) n. = TOP
general term for a family of DEAD CENTRE: Ñieåm cheát treân
universal joint designs: Khôùp noái up-stroke n. the ascending stroke of
caùc ñaêng a piston, from BDC to TDC: Haønh
(b) (tool) accessory which allows trình pít-toâng ñi leân
a socket to be turned through an urban driving n. driving in
angle: Duïng cuï coù khôùp noái vaïn towns, in built-up areas: Chaïy xe
naêng vuøng thaønh phoá
z universally jointed shaft n. = (NOTE: US English is metro
CARDAN SHAFT driving)
z universal sparking plug socket urban (test) cycle n. driving
n. sparking plug socket with cyclethat simulates driving in a
universal joint for reaching hard- town: Chu kyø kieåm tra xe chaïy
to-get-at sparking plugs: Tuyùp môû trong thaønh phoá
bougie ña duïng U section n. a sheet metal section
unleaded petrol n. petrol to which no often used on underbody structural

373
ute UV absorber

members; it differs from a box utility (truck) n. = PICK-UP

section in that the fourth wall of UV absorber or stabilizer n. any
the box is missing, i. e. its cross substance that absorbs ultraviolet
section more or less resembles the radiation, then dissipates the
letter U: Tieát dieän daïng chöõ U energy in a harmless form; used in
ute (informal) (Australia) = plastics and rubbers to decrease
UTILITY TRUCK: Loaïi xe taûi light sensitivity: Thieát bò giaûm tia
nhoû, khoâng mui, thaønh thaáp (cho cöïc tím
caùc nhaø xaây döïng, noâng daân
duøng)

374
V vacuum hose

Vv
V (a) V see V-ENGINE: Ñoäng cô chöõ stroke movement; the circular, flat
V capsule has a spring-loaded
(b) (short for) valve: Suù paùp diaphragm with a lever attached:
(c) (short for) volt: Ñôn vò ño hieäu Buoàng (Duø) aùp thaáp trong delco
ñieän theá z vacuum control n. load-
(d) letter on the sidewall of a tyre dependant mechanical ignition
denoting the maximum speed for timing, controlled by the inlet
which it is designed (over 210 manifold vacuum: Ñieàu khieån
km/h or over 130 mph): Kyù töï thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân
treân loáp xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña 210 khoâng
km/h z vacuum control switch =
V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-12 = V- switch that monitors the vacuum
FOUR, V-SIX, V-EIGHT, V- signal enabling the ECU to
TEN, V-TWELVE ENGINE: recognize open or closed throttle
Ñoäng cô V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V- (idle) operation: Coâng taéc baùo
12 chaân khoâng (ñeå ECU bieát caùnh
vacuum n. in carburation terms, böôùm ga ñoùng hay môû)
pressure below the atmospheric z vacuum control unit =
pressure: Chaân khoâng, aùp thaáp assembly for load-dependent
z vacuum advance (mechanism ignition timing controlled by the
or unit) n. vacuum control unit inlet manifold vacuum, consisting
for advancing the spark: Söï ñaùnh of a vacuum capsule with a spring-
löûa sôùm chaân khoâng loaded diaphragm linked to the
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum breaker plate: Boä phaän ñieàu
retard unit). khieån ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng
z vacuum brake booster n. trong delco
device directly connected to the z vacuum filter n. filter which
master cylinder and mounted on removes electrical noise from the
the engine side of the bulkhead, vacuum signal sent from the
which uses engine manifold vacuum sensor to the ECU: Boä loïc
vacuum to produce additional nhieãu tín hieäu töø caûm bieán chaân
braking force: Boä trôï löïc phanh khoâng (MAP)
chaân khoâng z vacuum gauge n. instrument for
(NOTE: also called master vac or measuring engine depression:
vacuum servo). Duïng cuï ño aùp thaáp ñöôøng oáng
z vacuum capsule or chamber n. naïp
(ignition timing) pneumatic z vacuum hose n. pipe which
actuator that converts air pressure connects the inlet manifold to the
differences into a regulating short- vacuum brake booster: OÁng chaân

375
vacuum ignition-timing control valve adjusting screw

khoâng (noái töø oáng goùp huùt ñeán BRAKE BOOSTER: Boä trôï löïc
baàu trôï löïc phanh) phanh (phanh) chaân khoâng
z vacuum ignition-timing z vacuum solenoid n. on some
control n. = VACUUM engines, a vacuum solenoid
CONTROL: Ñieàu khieån thôøi controlled by an electrical sensor
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân khoâng switch is used to control the EGR
vacuum modulated EGR n. exhaust valve: Soâleânoâit chaân khoâng
gas recirculation in which the z vacuum suction cup n. hand
amount of exhaust gas admitted to tool for pulling out shallow body
the inlet manifold depends on a dents and for lifting flat, heavy
vacuum signal controlled by objects such as wind-screens or
throttle position: Heä thoáng tuaàn sheet metal: Duïng cuï huùt chaân
hoaøn khí thaûi ñöôïc ñieàu chænh khoâng daïng hình cheùn ñeå naâng
baèng chaân khoâng kính hoaëc taám kim loaïi
vacuum reducer valve (VRV) n. z vacuum timing control n. =
valve used to limit the amount of VACUUM CONTROL
vacuum governing the ignition z vacuum unit n. = VACUUM
advance mechanism of the CONTROL UNIT
distributor; on some ignition valence n. = ALANCE: Hoùa trò (hoùa
systems, a VRV is used to reduce hoïc)
inlet manifold vacuum when the valet parking n. the parking of one's
coolant temperature is above 104 car by a parking attendant: söï ñoã
o
C, in order to prevent detonation: xe nhôø ngöôøi phuïc vuï trong baõi
Van giaûm aùp thaáp (ñeå khoâng ñoã xe
taêng goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm khi nhieät z valet switch = on some alarm
ñoä nöôùc > 104oC nhaèm choáng systems, a switch to override the
kích noå) alarm system for valet parking,
z vacuum retard (unit) n. car washes, etc.: coâng taéc cho
vacuum control unit for retarding pheùp heä thoáng baùo ñoäng ngöøng
the spark: Boä ñieàu khieån ñaùnh taïm thôøi ñeå ñaäu xe, röûa xe…
löûa treã baèng chaân khoâng valve n. (a) any device that starts,
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum stops, regulates or controls the
advance unit ) flow of a fluid, gas, etc: Van
z vacuum sensor n. sensor which (b) (in cylinder head) valve which
detects changes in manifold opens the respective ports during
pressure; such changes indicate the induction and exhaust strokes
the need for an adjustment in A/F and seals the compression
mixture and electronic spark chamber during the compression
timing to maintain efficient engine and expansion strokes: Suù paùp
operation: Caûm bieán chaân khoâng (c) = TYRE VALVE: Van loáp xe
(Coøn goïi laø MAP sensor) z valve adjusting screw n. screw
z vacuum servo n. = VACUUM at the end of a rocker which bears

376
valve aperture valve guide

on a pushrod; used to tilt the COVER

rocker and thus adjust the valve z valve crown n.= VALVE
clearance: oác chænh suù paùp HEAD: Ñaàu suù paùp
z valve aperture n. = VALVE z valve cut-out n. on some four-
HOLE valve engines at low speed the
z valve block n. = CONTROL main rocker arms open only two
VALVE ASSEMBLY: Cuïm van valves per combustion chamber in
trong heä thoáng thuyû löïc order to keep the energy of the
z valve body n. part of the valve gases at high level; with
assembly containing plungers, increasing rpm, the energy of the
pistons, springs, etc.: Thaân van gases becomes sufficiently strong
z valve body housing = housing for the remaining two valves to be
which incorporates the bores in opened via hydraulic locking
which the valve spools slide and bolts: heä thoáng ngaét bôùt 2 suù paùp
the canals which channel the oil ôû toác ñoä thaáp trong ñoäng cô coù 4
flow: Voû thaân van (maïch daàu suù paùp treân 1 xylanh
hoäp soá) z valve diameter n. inlet valves
z valve body separator plate = can be distinguished by their
plate sandwiched between two larger diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñaàu
gaskets which separates the upper suù paùp
and lower parts of the valve body: z valve float n. = VALVE
taám ngaên thaân van BOUNCE
z valve bounce n. bouncing of a z valve gear n. mechanism that
valve on its seat due to the valve operates the inlet and exhaust
spring resonating at very high valves; includes the cams,
engine speeds: Söï naûy suù paùp ôû pushrods, rocker arms, etc. but not
toác ñoä ñoäng cô cao the valves themselves: Cô caáu
z valve bushing n. = VALVE ñoùng môû suù paùp
GUIDE: OÁng loùt (keàm) suù paùp valve grinder or valve grinding tool
z valve cap n. screw-on cap for a n. special automotive tool
tyre valve to prevent the entry of consisting of a wooden haft and
dirt and dust: Naép chuïp van loáp rubber suction cup(s) for hand
xe grinding valves: Duïng cuï maøi suù
z valve clearance n. the paùp
operating clearance between the z valve grinding compound = an
rocker arm and the valve stem tip abrasive compound used for
in an overhead valve engine: Khe refacing valve seats: Boät nhaùm
hôû nhieät cuûa suù paùp maøi suù paùp vaø ñeá suù paùp (caùt
z valve clearance depression = xoaùy)
recess in the piston crown: Choã valve guide n. replaceable tubular
loõm treân ñænh pittoâng sleeve through which the stem of
z valve cover n. US = ROCKER a valve passes; designed to keep

377
valve guide driver valve seat cutter

the valve in proper alignment and valve is lifted from its seat by a
to absorb the lateral forces on the cam, usually about a quarter of the
valve stems as well as dissipating diameter of the port: Khoaûng
the heat of the valve stem to the ñoäi suù paùp
surrounding cylinder head: OÁng z valve lifter n. (a) any tool that
keàm suù paùp compresses valve springs for
z valve guide driver = tool for removal and replacement: Duïng
installing valve guides: Duïng cuï cuï neùn loø xo suù paùp
laép oáng keàm suù paùp (b) US = TAPPET: Con ñoäi suù
z valve guide reamer = tool used paùp
to ream worn valve stems: Dao valve over lap n. short period
xoaùy oáng keàm suù paùp between the opening of the inlet
z valve guide remover = drift valve and the closing of the
punch for driving out valve exhaust valve, when both valves
guides: Duïng cuï thaùo oáng keàm are open: goùc truøng ñieäp (caû hai
suù paùp suù paùp naïp vaø thoaùt trong xy
z valve guide seal = VALVE lanh cuøng môû)
STEM SEAL: Phoát suù paùp valve plate n. = VALVE BODY
valve head n. the disc at the end of the SEPARATOR PLATE:
valve stem which performs the z valve port n. the inlet or
sealing operation in a poppet exhaust port of a four-stroke spark
valve: Ñaàu suù paùp ignition engine: Cöûa huùt hoaëc
valve hole n. the hole in the rim of a cöûa thoaùt treân naép maùy
wheel for mounting tubeless tyres: z valve principle n. the original
Loã van treân vaønh baùnh xe method of ABS control using an
valve keeper n. fastener for the valve electrically operated valve to
stem in the upper valve retainer, control the air pressure: phöông
e. g. a collet: Ñai oác giöõ suù paùp phaùp ñieàu khieån phanh ABS
(moùng ngöïa) duøng ñieän – khí neùn
z valve lapper n. special z valve rotator n. = ROTOR
automotive tool for grinding CAP
(lapping) valves into valve seats; valve seat n. that part of a valve, or
some types are power-operated, the part of the cylinder head
thus allowing faster grinding against which it seats, which
compared with standard suction- contacts the matching part: Ñeá, beä
type valve grinding tools: Duïng suù paùp
cuï ñeå quay suù paùp khi xoaùy z valve seat cutter = special
z valve lapping compound = automotive tool with cutting
VALVE GRINDING COMPOUND blades for use with power tools;
z valve lash n. = VALVE used to cut worn valve seats with
CLEARANCE 30° or 45° angles: Duïng cuï caét beä
z valve lift n. the distance a suù paùp

378
valve seat face valve stem seal

z valve seat face = annular part keep the exhaust valve closed
of a valve head located at the during the induction stroke, thus
valve seat of the cylinder head: acting against the vacuum created
Maët beä suù paùp in the cylinder: Loø xo suù paùp
z valve seat insert or ring = z valve spring cap or collar =
ringshaped insert of a harder retaining cap (of inlet /outlet
metal than that of the cylinder valves) which secures the valve
head; the use of valve seat inserts keeper on the valve stem: mieáng
dispenses with the need for lead giöõ loø xo suù paùp
in the fuel to act as a lubricant z valve spring compressor =
between the valve head and seat: special automotive tool used to
Voøng gheùp (duøng kim loaïi cöùng compress valve springs for
hôn) cuûa ñeá suù paùp removal and replacement; the
valve shim n. calibrated shim used to most common type is a C-shaped
adjust valve clearance on OHV clamp: Duïng cuï eùp loø xo suù paùp
engines with bucket tappet z valve spring depressor =
assembly; for adjustment, a lever-type tool used to depress
calibrated valve shim is placed or valve springs, e. g. for removal
removed from between tappet and and installation of valve stem
cam: Mieáng cheâm ñeå chænh suù seals: Duïng cuï nhaû loø xo suù paùp
paùp z valve spring lifter = pliers-type
z valve shim pliers = special tool with two expanding jaws,
automotive tool for removal and used to lift and compress valve
installation of valve shims: Caùi springs for removal and
kìm laép mieáng cheâm suù paùp replacement: Kìm thaùo laép loø xo
z valve slot n. tube-type tyres suù paùp
require a valve slot instead of a z valve spring retainer =
valve hole to allow the tyre valve VALVE SPRING CAP
to be removed from the rim; a z valve spring seat = seat
thread adaptor is moulded to a retaining the bottom of the valve
circular rubber patch vulcanized to spring: Beä loø xo suù paùp
the inner tube; the valve stem (opposite to the valve spring cap)
casing is then screwed into the z valve stem n. narrow
tube adaptor: Raõnh van loáp xe cylindrical rod which supports the
z valve spool n. (in automatic valve head and moves up and
transmission) sliding cylindrical down in the valve guide: Thaân suù
internal part of a valve with one or paùp
more sections of reduced z valve stem seal = oil seal
diameter: ñaàu van daãn höôùng between the valve and the
daàu cylinder head which prevents
z valve spring n. a coil spring excessive oil leakage from the top
used to close the valves and to of the cylinder head into the

379
valve stem seal installer vapour deposition

combustion chamber: Phoát suù paùp hinged vanes; typically used for
z valve stem seal installer = air pumps in secondary air
sleeve-type tool used to push injection systems, as a compressor
down valve stem seals for in air conditioning systems, and in
installation: duïng cuï laép phoát suù some transmission systems: Bôm
paùp caùnh quaït
z valve stem seal pliers = special z vane switch n. = HALL
pliers for removing valve stem VANE SWITCH
seals on overhead camshaft z vane wheel impeller n.
engines: kìm laép phoát suù paùp impeller with straight radial
z valve timing n. the valve timing vanes: Baùnh coâng taùc coù caùnh
of four-stroke engines state at thaúng
what crankshaft position with vanity mirror n. mirror on the inside
respect to the dead centres of the of a sun visor: Göông trang ñieåm
pistons the inlet and exhaust ôû maët trong taám che naéng
valves open and close: Söï caân z vanity plate n. = PERSON-
cam AL(IZED) NUMBERPLATE
z valve train n. the entire vaporize v. to turn into vapour: Laøm
mechanism from camshaft to cho boác hôi
valve that is involved with the vapour n. the gaseous form of a
operation of a valve; the valve liquid (usually caused by heating):
and its valve gear: Toaøn boä cô Hôi (do nung noùng chaát loûng)
caáu ñieàu khieån ñoùng môû caùc suù z vapour canister = ACTIVAT-
paùp ED CARBON CANISTER: Baàu
van n. (a) a covered road vehicle for huùt hôi xaêng baèng than hoaït tính
carrying goods (b) a recreational z vapour degreasing = type of
vehicle based on the body of a cleaning procedure to remove
commercial van, usually with grease, oil, and loosely attached
comfortable, plush interior trim, solids from metals; a solvent such
often with a bed: Xe taûi (chuyeân as trichloroethylene is boiled, and
chôû haønh lyù hoaëc ngöôøi) its vapours are condensed on the
vane n. a blade or plate on a wheel metal surfaces: Taåy dô baån baèng
or hub, especially the stator blade chaát deã bay hôi
in a turbine: Caùnh ñaët treân baùnh z vapour deposition = production
hoaëc truïc of a surface film of metal on a
z vane-in-rotor pump n. = heated surface, usually in a
SLIDING-VANE PUMP vacuum, either by decomposition
z vane-in-stator pump = of the vapour of a compound at
EXTERNAL VANE PUMP the work surface, or by
z vane pump n. type of rotary directreaction between the work
pump with either a slotted rotor surface and the vapour: Maï chaân
and sliding vanes or a rotor with khoâng

380
vapour lock V-belt drive

z vapour lock = blockage in a tyû soá truyeàn thay ñoåi

pipe caused by a bubble of gas, z variable valve timing n.
especially that in an overheated advancing and retarding valve
fuel line leading to the timing to increase efficiency by
carburettor: Ngheõn oáng vì boït hôi precisely controlling the amount
variable belt transmission n. of valve overlap: Thay ñoåi goùc
continuously variable transmission phaân phoái khí ñeå taêng hieäu suaát
using rubber V-belts on ñoäng cô
expanding-contracting pulleys, z variable-venturi carburettor
depending on engine speed and or VV carburettor n. the
load; originally developed by va characteristic feature of this
Doorne for DAF and then used on carburettor is the vacuum-
the Volvo 340: Hoäp soá töï ñoäng operated piston which adjusts the
voâ caáp theo toác ñoä vaø taûi ñoäng cross-sectional area of the venturi
cô baèng caùch thay ñoåi ñöôøng and moves a jet needle in and out
kính puli ñai daãn ñoäng of a needle jet; typical designs are
z variable-choke carburettor the SU and Stromberg
n.= VARIABLE-VENTURI CAR- carburettors: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù
BURETTOR: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi Variomatic transmission n. =
z variable dwell n. = DWELL- VARIABLE BELT TRANS-
ANGLE CONTROL: Kieåm soaùt MISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp qua ñai
goùc ngaäm truyeàn ñoäng
z variable limited-slip axle/ varnish n. (a) a hard, glossy
centre differential n. limited- transparent coating: Veùc-ni
slip axle/ centre differential with (b) a product of oil oxidation
an electronically operated which is deposited on pistons and
multiple-disc clutch as a slip- piston rings at high temperatures:
inhibiting device: Boä vi sai trung Lôùp nhôùt chaùy baùm treân piston
taâm ly hôïp ña ñóa ñieàu khieån vaø seùc maêng
baèng ñieän töû V-belt n. drive belt with a V-shaped
z variable rate springs n. cross section, for transmission of
springs which become stiffer low to moderate forces; typically
under compression; variable rate used to drive generators, water
gas springs are a feature of air pumps, air pumps, air conditioner
suspension systems: Loø xo khí coù compressor units and power
ñoä cöùng thay ñoåi (heä thoáng treo) steering pumps: Daây ñai chöõ V
z variable ratio steering n. z V-belt drive = type of friction
steering ratio characteristics in drive in which forces are
power steering systems providing transmitted from belt to pulley or
different ratios for small and large vice versa by friction: Truyeàn
steering angles: Heä thoáng laùi coù ñoäng qua ñai daïng chöõ

381
VVBRA ventilation

VVBRA = VEHICLE BUILDERS compartment bulkhead: Soá khung

AND REPAIRERS ASSOCIA- vehicle registration document n.
TION: Hoäi nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo document which specifies the
vaø söûa chöõa xe registered keeper(s) of a vehicle:
VC = VISCOUS COUPLING Theû ñaêng boä xe
VECI = VEHICLE EMISSION z vehicle tax n. = ROAD TAX:
CONTROL INFORMATION Thueá caàu ñöôøng
Vee-belt n. = V-BELT: Daây ñai V-eight engine (V-8) n. an engine
daïng chöõ V with eight cylinders in the from of
z Vee-eight = V-EIGHT: Ñoäng a V; the type of engine typically
cô V-8 used on US automobiles of the
z Vee-engine = V-ENGINE: 1950s and '60s was a large
Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ V displacement V-8: Ñoäng cô 8 xi
z Vee-four = V-FOUR: Ñoäng cô lanh chöõ V
V-4 V-engine n. engine in which two
z Vee-six = V-SIX: Ñoäng cô V-6 banks of cylinders are set at an
z Vee-ten = V-TEN: Ñoäng cô V- angle to each other (usually 60° or
10 90° ) so that the axes form the
z Vee-thread = V-THREAD: letter V with the crankshaft in the
Ren tam giaùc middle: Ñoäng cô chöõ V
z Vee-twelve = V-TWELVE: vent 1 n. (a) small opening for the
Ñoäng cô V-12 passage of air or gas: Loã thoâng
vehicle n. any form of transportation (b) US small triangular window
but especially one with wheels: for letting air into the passenger
Xe coä compartment: Cöûa soå thoâng khí
z Vehicle Builders and (nhoû hình tam giaùc)
Repairers association (VBRA) n. 2 v. to expel through a vent; e.g
British trade association: Hoäi when bleeding air (through a vent
nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo vaø söûa valve or bleed screw) out of a
chöõa xe diesel fuel system after running
z Vehicle Emission Control out of fuel: Xaû gioù
Information (VECI) n. a label in ventilate v. to provide with (fresh)
the engine compartment, e. g. air: Laøm cho thoâng hôi, thoâng
pasted to the radiator fan cover, gioù
providing information about the z ventilated discs = two discs in a
engine and emission controls: disc brake system separated by
Nhaõn chöùng nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra ribs and channels to allow cooling
khí thaûi xe air to disperse the heat between
vehicle identification number (VIN) the discs: Ñóa laøm maùt phanh
n. chassis type and identification z ventilation n. provision of a
number punched on a permanent free or controlled circulation of
structure, such as the engine air: Söï thoâng gioù

382
vent(ilation) slot viscoelastic materials

z vent(ilation) slot = gaps in the vibration damper n. = TORSIONAL

wheel disc which allow the VIBRATION DAMPER: Boä giaûm
passage of air to assist brake dao ñoäng xoaén
cooling: Raõnh thoâng gioù laøm maùt Vicat softening temperature n. the
phanh temperature at which a flat-ended
z ventiport n. = PORT HOLE needle of 1mm² circular cross
z vent port n. = section will penetrate a
COMPENSATING PORT thermoplastic specimen to a depth
venturi (tube) n. a short tube with a of 1mm under a specified load,
constricted passage that increases using a selected uniform rate of
the velocity and lowers the temperature rise: Nhieät ñoä hoùa
pressure of a fluid conveyed meàm Vicat
through it: OÁng khueách taùn z Vicat test method =
z venturi vacuum = vacuum in determination of the softening
the venturi of a carburettor which temperature of plastics: Phöông
increases with the speed of the phaùp xaùc ñònh nhieät ñoä hoaù meàm
airflow passing through it; an Vicat
exception are VV carburettors: vice or US vise n. clamping device
Chaân khoâng trong oáng khueách with adjustable jaws (usually
taùn mounted on a workbench) used to
vernier (caliper or gauge) n. a short grip an object to be worked on:
graduated scale that slides along a Moû caëp, eâtoâ.
longer graduated instrument and is z vice grips = LOCKING
used to indicate fractional parts of CLAMPS
divisions, as in a micrometer: VIN = VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION
Vecneâ (thöôùc chia thang phuï NUMBER
keøm vôùi thang chính), thöôùc keïp vintage car n. a car constructed in the
veteran car n. a car constructed period 1919 - 1930: Xe coå ñieån
before 1919, especially one made (1919 - 1930)
before 1905: Xe hôi cheá taïo virgin resin n. new resin material
tröôùc naêm 1919 which has not been recycled
(NOTE: only the latter are permitted before; needed for high-quality
to take part in the London-Brighton parts: Nhöïa nguyeân chaát (khoâng
Commemoration Run) phaûi taùi sinh)
V-four engine (V-4) n. an engine with (NOTE: opposite is regrind)
four cylinders in the form of a V: visco-control unit n. = VISCOUS
Ñoäng cô 4 xy lanh daïng chöõ V COUPLING
VGC (in advertisements, short for) z visco-differential n.=
very good condition: Tình traïng VISCOUS COUPLING
raát toát (xe) DIFFERENTIAL
VI = VISCOSITY INDEX: Chæ soá ñoä viscoelastic materials n. the most
nhôùt characteristic features of

383
viscosity voltage tester

viscoelastic materials are that devices: Boä vi sai coù khôùp noái
they exhibit a time-dependent nhôùt
strain response to a constant stress z viscous transmission (vt) =
(creep) and a time-dependent four-wheel drive with a viscous
stress response to a constant strain centre differential: Truyeàn ñoäng
(relaxation). In addition, when the qua khôùp nhôùt
applied stress is removed the vise n. US = VICE
materials have the ability to visor n. = SUN VISOR
recover slowly over a period of voice alert (system) n. system in a
time: Vaät lieäu deûo, ñaøn hoài car which announces warning
viscosity n. resistance to flow: Tính messages to the driver, e. g.
nhôùt, ñoä nhôùt 'Warning! Oil pressure too low':
viscosity index (VI) n. measure of Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng noùi
how the viscosity of a liquid z voice recognition n. the ability
(especially oil) changes with of a computer to recognize a
temperature: the higher the VI, command spoken by the user;
the smaller the change of viscosity enables a driver to use a car
with temperature: Chæ soá ñoä nhôùt phone without using his hands: Söï
z viscosity index improver = oil nhaän daïng gioïng noùi
additive which reduces thinning at volatility n. (e. g. of fuels) the ability
high temperature, thus improving readily to change into a vapour:
the VI: Chaát phuï gia theâm vaøo Tính deã bay hôi
ñeå caûi thieän chæ soá ñoä nhôùt. Volkswagen (VW) n. German car
z viscous a. thick and sticky: manufacturer: Haõng saûn xuaát xe
Seàn seät cuûa Ñöùc
z viscous coupling (VC) = a type voltage n. electromotive force, or
of multi-disc clutch used in some difference in electrical potential,
4wd vehicles; the discs rotate in a expressed in volts: Hieäu ñieän theá
special fluid whose viscosity z voltage regulator = electric or
increases sharply whenever there electronic device which regulates
is a difference in input and output the voltage output from a dynamo
shaft speeds; installed in the drive or alternator which is affected by
train between front and rear axles, engine speed, the power required
the VC smoothly engages rear- by the circuits and the state of the
wheel traction whenever the front battery: Boä ñieàu chænh ñieän theá
wheels (and, as a result, the
(boä tieát cheá)
propeller shaft to the VC) rotate
z voltage reserve = HIGH
faster than rear wheels: Khôùp noái
VOLTAGE RESERVE
nhôùt
z voltage tester = screwdriver
z viscous coupling differential =
for testing electrical current, with
limited-slip differential using an insulated blade and handle; a
viscous couplings as slip-inhibiting
bulb inside the handle lights up if

384
voltage transformer VV carburettor

the blade touches a live terminal: adjustable cup-shaped discs, used

Tuoác nô vít thöû ñieän on belt transmissions, to permit
z voltage transformer = adjustment of the effective pulley
assembly for increasing the diameter and transmission ratio:
voltage supplied to the air bag Puli chöõ V
system to 12 volts in case of a VR engine n. new engine design: a
drop in battery voltage: Maùy bieán combination of in-line and V-
theá (söû duïng ñeå cung caáp 12V engine, the V-angle being reduced
cho heä thoáng ñieàu khieån goái hôi (VR) to about 15°; this results in a
trong tröôøng hôïp hoûng aéc quy block which is shorter than a four-
z voltammeter n. dual-purpose cylinder unit of similar capacity.
instrument for measuring either Unlike conventional V-8 engines,
voltage or amperage: Ñoàng hoà ño the VR engine is topped by a
ñieän aùp vaø cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän single cylinder head: Ñoäng cô
z voltmeter n. instrument for môùi hình chöõ VR
measuring voltage: Voân keá VRV = VACUUM REDUCER
volume n. cubic capacity: Theå tích VALVE
z volume car n. mass-produced V-six engine (V-6) n. an engine with
car: xe saûn xuaát ñaïi traø six cylinders in the form of a V:
z volume control screw n. Ñoäng cô 6 xy lanh daïng chöõ V
adjusting screw which controls the VT = VISCOUS TRANSMISSION:
amount of air/ fuel mixture truyeàn ñoäng qua khôùp nhôùt
supplied by the idling circuit of a V-ten engine (V-10) n. an engine
fixed-jet carburettor: Vít chænh ga with ten cylinders in the form of a
volumetric efficiency n. (a) the ratio V: Ñoäng cô 10 xy lanh daïng chöõ
of air or air /fuel mixture drawn V
into the cylinder of an internal V-thread n. triangular screw thread:
combustion of the piston: Hieäu Ren tam giaùc
suaát naïp V-twelve engine (V-12) n. an engine
(b) number of horsepower (hp) per with twelve cylinders in the form
cubic inch displacement: Coâng of a V: Ñoäng cô 12 xy lanh daïng
suaát rieâng chöõ V
volute a. having the form of a spiral: vulcanization n. chemical reaction
Xoaén oác which charges the physical
z volute casing = a progressively properties of elastomers: Söï löu
expanding pump casing hoùa (cao su)
proportioned to reduce the liquid z vulcanize v. (of tyre production)
velocity gradually so that some of to treat rubber with sulphur or
the velocity energy of the liquid is sulphur compounds under heat and
converted into static pressure: Voû pressure to improve elasticity and
bôm hình xoaén oác strength: Löu hoùa
V-pulley n. pulley with a pair of VV carburettor n. = VARIABLE

385
VV carburettor VW

VENTURI CARBURETTOR: Boä VW = VOLKSWAGEN: Haõng saûn

cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn xuaát oâ toâ cuûa Ñöùc
thay ñoåi

386
wad punch washer fluid

Ww
wad punch n. tool with round cutting enrichment: Söï laøm giaøu hoøa khí
edge for cutting out holes in cuûa giai ñoaïn haâm noùng ñoäng cô
gaskets or other soft materials: warning lamp or light n. small lamps
Duïng cuï daäp daáu troøn, caùi ñoät loã on the instrument panel that light
roong up if there is a problem: Ñeøn baùo
wagon n. = STATION WAGON hö hoûng, baùo loãi (code)
wander n. tendency of a vehicle to warning triangle n. triangular red
stray from its steered course; a safety reflector that must be
fault caused by incorrect tyre carried on all vehicles and be
pressure, worn steering linkage, placed at the side of the road to
etc.: Chao, ñaûo (baùnh xe) warn of an obstruction ahead, such
Wankel engine n. a rotary engine as a broken-down vehicle: Bieån
which uses no pistons; instead, tam giaùc baùo nguy hieåm
triangular rotors revolve in warp 1 n. bending or twisting out of
specially shaped housings: Ñoäng shape: Traïng thaùi cong, veânh
cô Wankel 2 v. to bend or twist out of shape:
(NOTE: named after the German Laøm cong, veânh
engineer, Felix Wankel 1902 – 88, warranty n. formal written
Felix Wankel [1902 ~1988]) declaration of good quality by the
warding file n.= KEY FILE: Caùi giuõa manufacturer of an article,
khe raêng chìa khoùa including an agreement to repair
warm up v. to run an engine until it or replace it if it is found to be
reaches normal operating defective within a certain period of
temperature: Laøm noùng ñoäng cô time: Phieáu baûo haønh
khi ñoäng cô coøn nguoäi hoaëc trôøi washcoat n. oxide layer on the
laïnh (K-jetronic) catalyst substrate which increases
z warm-up control until = until with the active surface area: Lôùp
that produces the richer mixture oxide treân chaát xuùc taùc
needed for cold running and washer n. flat disc or ring of metal,
modulates fuel system pressure rubber, leather, etc., fitted under a
according to engine temperature; nut to even out pressure and
the until includes an electrically prevent damage to the part on
heated thermostatic spring, which which it bears, or to lock the nut in
reduces the force on a spring- place, or used for spacing or as a
loaded control diaphragm: Tröôùc seal: Long ñeàn, voøng loùt, voøng
khi ñieàu khieån haâm noùng ñoäng cô ñeäm
z warm-up enrichment = educed washer fluid n. fluid added to
enrichment of the air / fuel mixture thewater in the windscreen washer
following cranking and after-start and rear screen washer reservoirs /

387
wash / wipe switch Watt linkage

bottles to improve the cleaning coolant which surrounds the

action and lower the freezing cylinders in a water passages,
point: Chaát loûng röûa kính xe hôi coolant pump, thermostat, hoses,
z wash / wipe switch n. switch on and radiator: Heä thoáng laøm maùt
the instrument panel that operates baèng nöôùc
the rear screen wash/ wipe system: water injection (system) n. system
Coâng taéc heä thoáng gaït/röûa kính that prevents detonation in high-
sau compression engines by injecting
(NOTE: the windscreen washer metered amounts of water into the
system, which includes an inlet manifold where it mixes with
intermittent wipe, is usually the air/ fuel charge entering the
located on the windscreen wiper engine; there the water spray turns
control stalk) to steam, cooling combustion and
waste gate n. a valve located on the cleaning out old carbon deposits:
exhaust side of the engine, with Heä thoáng phun nöôùc vaøo ñöôøng
three connections: to the engine oáng naïp ñeå choáng kích noå trong
exhaust manifold, turbine, and caùc ñoäng cô coù tyû soá neùn cao
silencer; most waste gates have a water jacket n.the channels between
control line to the inlet manifold: the inner and outer shells of the
Cöûa xaû trong heä thoáng taêng aùp cylinder block or head, through
waste spark method n. in which coolant circulates to prevent
distributorless ignition systems, overheating of the engine: AÙo
dual-spark coils fire two sparking nöôùc (aùo loùt bao quanh caùc xy
plugs at the same time; one of lanh vaø naép ñoäng cô ñeå daãn nöôùc
these sparks is in a cylinder during laøm maùt)
its exhaust stroke, where the spark z water pump n. in the cooling
has no effect (waste spark); the system, the mechanism that
other spark occurs in the cylinder circulates the coolant between the
near the end of the compression water jacket and the radiator;
stroke: Tia löûa ôû kyø thaûi trong usually a centrifugal pump, located
ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp duøng boâbin preferably in the cold leg of the
ñoâi circuit (to reduce the risk of
water- cooled a. (engine) cooled by cavitation): Bôm nöôùc
the passage of water: Ñöôïc laøm z water temperature gauge n.
nguoäi baèng nöôùc (ñoäng cô) gauge on the instrument panel
(NOTE: opposite is air – cooled) which indicates coolant
z water cooling system n. the temperature: Ñoàng hoà baùo nhieät
normal cooling system used on ñoä nöôùc laøm maùt
most cars and lorries to keep the Watt linkage n. a means of reducing
temperature of the engine down to or eliminating lateral movement of
a desirable level; engine heat is a beam axle relative to the vehicle
removed via water acting as a body, consisting of an upright

388
waveband weatherstrip

member at the centre of the axle pellent spray: Loaïi bình daàu
whose top and bottom are thaám
connected by rods to the sides of weak a. (of A/ F mixture) = LEAN:
the body Watt: Thanh noái Watt Ngheøo (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí)
ñeå giaûm löïc tröôït ngang wear n. the progressive loss of
waveband n. series of wavelengths substance from the operating
forming a group: Baêng taàn (radio) surface of a body occurring as a
wax 1 n. a substance resembling result of relative motion at the
beeswax in appearance and surface; rubbing away: Ñoä moøn
character, and in general z wear pattern = pattern of wear
distinguished by its composition visible at the point where two parts
ofesters and higher alcohols, and touch: Veát moøn
by its freedom from fatty acids; z wear resistance = ability to
used for underbody sealing, cavity withstand conditions which cause a
sealing, and paintwork care: Chaát progressive loss of substance:
saùp Tính choáng moøn
2 v. to treat with wax: Laøm boùng z wear ring = (pump) ring used to
baèng saùp prevent costly wear of the casing
z waxing n. the formation of wax and impeller at the running joint;
crystals in diesel fuel in freezing (fitted on both the casing and the
conditions, thus clogging the fuel impeller): Voøng chòu moøn trong
filter and stopping the engine; bôm
avoided by the use of a fuel heater weathering n. physical disintegration
or fuel additives: Söï hình thaønh and chemical decomposition of
tinh theå daïng saùp trong daàu materials on exposure to
diesel ôû ñieàu kieän baêng giaù atmospheric agents: Söï thoaùi hoùa
z wax injection or lancing n. the vaät lieäu do moâi tröôøng
injection of corrosion-inhibiting z weather resistant a. able to
wax into car body cavities: Söï withstand natural climatic
phun saùp choáng aên moøn conditions which cause surface
z wax-type thermostat n. deterioration: Coù söùc chòu ñöïng
thermostat in which the expansion vôùi thôøi tieát
of melting paraffin wax (in a rigid z weatherstrip n. a rubber seal
cylinder) deforms a moulded fitted to the body, e.g. along a door
rubber membrane and displaces a aperture or bootlid, to prevent
piston / pin from the cylinder; this water, air and moisture from
has the advantage of being getting into the interior of the
insensitive to sudden temperature body: Vieàn cao su boïc quanh cöûa
fluctuations or to the pressure in hay kính chaén gioù ñeå nöôùc möa
the system: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät khoûi loït vaøo xe
(van haèng nhieät) loaïi saùp web n. (a) internal reinforcement
WD-40 n. proprietary water-re between panels: Ñieåm gia coá beân

389
webbing weld-through primer

trong giöõa caùc taám paint coatings in grams per square

(b) = CRANK WEB: maù truïc metre of surface area: Troïng
khuyûu löôïng sôn treân moät ñôn vò dieän
z webbing n. woven nylon strap tích
used for seal belts: Vaûi laøm ñai an z weight transfer n. the transfer
toaøn of load from one end or side of the
z webbing grabber = device in an vehicle to the other when
inertia reel seat belt that grips the accelerating, braking or cornering:
belt webbing tightly in the event of Chuyeån dòch troïng taâm (khi taêng
sudden braking or impact: Cô caáu toác, phanh hoaëc quay voøng)
ruùt daây ñai an toaøn Weissach axle n. special double
wedge combustion chamber n. wishbone rear suspension
wedge-shaped chamber with the developed by Porsche for the 928s
valve in the longer sloping surface to minimize the problems of over-
and the sparking plug in the steering: Truïc xe loaïi Weissach
shorter; the tapered part of the welch plug n. disc-shaped metal plug
wedge forms a squish zone: used to seal holes: Nuùt cheâm
Buoàng chaùy daïng hình neâm daïng ñóa baèng kim loaïi
z wedge end n. the flat peen of a welding n. joining pieces of metal or
peen and finish hammer, shaped plastic together by heating them to
like a wedge: Ñaàu muõi buùa hình suitable temperatures, with or
neâm without the application of filler
z wedge expander n. part of a material: Söï haøn, kyõ thuaät haøn
mechanical drum brake system z welding clamp = locking clamp
which forces the shoes apart into with U-shaped jaws (which allow
contact with the drum: Cô caáu ñaåy more visibility and working space),
boá phanh used to hold panels, bars, tubes,
weighbridge n. device for measuring etc. for welding: Caùi baøn keïp ñeå
the weight of vehicles (especially haøn
lorries), consisting of a metal plate z welding jig = a special type of
set into the road surface: Caàu caân frame gauge used to establish the
xe correct position of structural parts
weight n. (a) (see DRY WEIGHT, on the body prior to welding them
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT, in: Ñoà gaù laép ñeå haøn khung xe
KERB WEIGHT): Troïng löôïng z welding rod = (gas/arc welding)
(b) = BALANCE WEIGHT: Troïng welding electrode supplied in
löôïng caân baèng (mieáng chì gaén individual lengths: Que haøn
vaøo nieàng) z welding wire = (MIG welding)
(c) = ADVANCE WEIGHT: Quaû welding electrode fed into the
vaêng (sôùm ly taâm) handset from a reel: Que haøn
z weight per unit area n. (MIG)
indicates the thickness of metallic weld-through primer n. special paint

390
well-base rim wheel balance

used along spot welds or seams; it motor compartment is filled with

does not burn off during welding liquid; submersible pumps are
and thus offers good protection on generally classified as wet motor
the back of welded panels that types: Bôm coù chaát loûng ñi qua
would normally be inaccessible phaàn ñoäng cô (bôm öôùt)
once welding is completed: Chaát z wet sleeve n. = WET LINER:
duøng ñeå sôn loùt suoát moái haøn OÁng loùt xy lanh öôùt
well-base rim n. wheel rim with a z wet sump lubrication n. the
central channel or recess into usual engine lubrication system in
which one side of the tyre bead which the oil is carried in a sump
can drop; the other side can then below the crankshaft; such a
be forced over the rim for fitting or system relies on gravity draining
removal: Vaønh baùnh xe nguyeân the circulated oil and needs no
khoái return pump: Heä thoáng boâi trôn
z well-base wheel = ONE-PIECE coù ngaên chöùa daàu ôû phía döôùi
WHEEL: Baùnh xe nguyeân khoái wheel n.(a) a rotating, load-carrying
W-engine n. a rare engine design, member between the tyre and axle
basically similar to a V-engine, but consisting of a rim and a wheel
using three instead of two cylinder disc or spider; a wheel must be
rows: Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ W designed to support the tyre while
wet clutch n. friction clutch that uses withstanding loads from accelera-
an oil bath to dissipate heat: Boä ly tion, braking and cornering; as part
hôïp öôùt (chaïy trong daàu ñeå daãn of the unsprung mass of a car, it
nhieät) must be light: Baùnh xe
z wet galvanizing n. galvanizing (b) (informal) = STEERING
method in which the flux is WHEEL: Baùnh laùi, voâ laêng
deposited in molten from on the z wheel adapter n. spacer ring
zinc bath, and the metal to be that adapts hubs to wheels with a
galvanized is introduced into the different number of lugs, e. g. 4-
bath by passing it through this lug hubs to 5-lug wheels: Voøng
layer of flux: Söï maï keõm öôùt chuyeån tieáp ñeå noái baùnh xe khaùc
(NOTE: opposite is dry soá loã
galvanizing) z wheel alignment gauge n.
z wet grip n. road holding ability gauge used to measure the
of a tyre on a wet surface: Khaû distance between the rims of the
naêng baùm cuûa baùnh xe treân maët front wheels: Duïng cuï caân chænh
ñöôøng öôùt baùnh xe
z wet liner n. cylinder liner that is z wheel balance or wheel
in direct contact with the coolant: balancing machine n. a machine
OÁng loùt (sô mi) xi lanh öôùt capable of locating static and
(NOTE: opposite is dry liner) dynamic wheel imbalance and
z wet motor n. pump whose determining the mass of the

391
wheelbase wheel load

balancing weights required: Caân parked illegally: Caùi khoaù baùnh

baèng baùnh xe hoaëc maùy caân baèng xe ñeå choáng troäm
baùnh xe (NOTE: US English is Denver
z wheelbase n. distance between boot)
the centerlines of the front and z wheel cover n. metal or plastic
rear wheels; for lorries with disc fitted to the centre of a road
tandem rear axles, the rear wheel: Naép chuïp baùnh xe
centreline is considered to be z wheel cylinder n. (drum brake)
midway between the two rear hydraulic brake actuating device;
axles: Khoaûng caùch giöõa hai caàu major parts are cylinder body,
xe (tröôùc vaø sau) spring, cup expander, cup or piston
z wheel bearings n. the bearings seal, piston, dust boot, bleeder
in wheel hubs: ball bearings for valve: Xy lanh con (phanh)
drive shafts and taper roller z wheel disc n. part of the wheel
bearings for driven hubs: OÅ laên that connects the rim to the hub; its
(baïc ñaïn) baùnh xe design is governed by specific rim
z wheel bolt n. bolts which are type, axle connection, brake
screwed into threaded holes in the contour, brake cooling, hub cap
wheel hub or at the axle flange; fixing, load capacity and attractive
common on passenger car wheels styling: Ñóa baùnh xe
and one-piece commercial vehicle z wheel dolly n. = DOLLY
wheels: Bu loâng baùnh xe z wheel flutter n. = WHEEL
z wheel brace n. a cranked socket WOBBLE
spanner for wheel nuts: Caùi tuyùp z wheel hub n. = HUB: (Ñuøm) oå
vaën oác baùnh xe truïc baùnh xe
z wheel camber n. = CAMBER: z wheelie n. (informal)
Goùc nghieâng baùnh xe ra ngoaøi manoeuvre in which the front
hay vaøo trong khi nhìn töø ñaàu xe wheel (s) is/are lifted off the
zwheel changing n. changing a ground on sudden acceleration;
defective wheel: Thay baùnh xe originally practised on motorbikes:
wheel chock n. wedge-shaped block Ñoäng taùc ñi moät baùnh khi taêng
put under a wheel to prevent a toác ñoät ngoät (xe gaén maùy).
vehicle from rolling: Vaät cheâm z wheel imbalance: Söï maát caân
baùnh xe ñeå ngaên xe khoûi laên baèng cuûa baùnh xe
z wheel clamp n. device attached wheel machine n. a special shop tool
to the wheel of a parked car to used to shape steel and aluminium
prevent it being driven away; used panels: Duïng cuï laøm ñoàng
as an anti-theft device if attached wheel judder n. = SHIMMY
privately, and a means of ensuring z wheel load n. that part of the
payment of a fine (to the authority vehicle weight resting on a single
to have the device removed) if wheel: Taûi troïng treân moãi baùnh

392
wheel lock wheel tree

xe z wheel rim n. the outer part of

z wheel lock n. (a) condition in the wheel on the tyre is mounted:
which the wheels stop turning as a Nieàng baùnh xe
result of excessive braking; leads z wheel rotation n. swapping
to a skid: Tình traïng baùnh xe bò wheels around to compensate for
boù cöùng khi phanh gaáp. unequal tyre wear and increase
(b) any anti-theft device for tread life; moving them from front
expensive (alloy) wheels: Khoaù of to rear is generally
choáng laáy caép baùnh xe recommended and is the only safe
z wheel marking n. all disc method on vehicles fitted with
wheels are marked (generally on directional tread tyres: Söï chuyeån
the front side of the disc in the stud ñoåi baùnh xe (laáy baùnh tröôùc gaén
hole area) with the manufacturer’s ra sau) ñeå choáng moøn vaø taêng
trademark, the wheel number, rim tuoåi thoï.
size, and date of production: Söï z wheel shimmy or shudder n. =
ghi nhaõn baùnh xe SHIMMY
z wheel mounting n. the fitting of z wheelslip n. = WHEELSPIN
a wheel onto a hub: Söï laép baùnh z wheel speed sensor n.
xe electronic device for picking up
wheel nut n. one of several nuts the rotational speed of a wheel in
which hold the wheel and tyre order to inform the processing unit
assembly on the car and are of an ASR or ABS system: Caûm
screwed on the studs: Ñai oác baùnh bieán toác ñoä baùnh xe
xe z wheelspin n. effect of too much
(NOTE:US English is lug nut) throttle making the driven wheels
z wheel nut spider = cross- turn too fast to grip the road
shaped spanner with four socket surface; easily done on a wet or
heads: Caây thaùo laép baùnh xe hình icy surface and leaves a telltale
chöõ thaäp trace of rubber on a dry one: Söï
wheel panel n. the panel area tröôït baùnh xe (quay troøn)
around the wheel cutout in the z wheel stud n. one of several
wing; this term often also refers to threaded bolts projecting from the
a repair section for this area, as wheel disc to which the wheel is
this is a favourite rust spot on secured by a wheel nut: Bu loâng
many cars: Veø baùnh xe baùnh xe
z wheel patter n.vertical z wheel tramp n. = RADIAL
oscillation of a wheel making it RUN – OUT
hop up and down rapidly, either z wheel tree n. a special stand for
because of imbalance or because wheels, e.g. for a complete set of
the tyre is faulty or badly fitted: summer or winter tyres, designed
Dao ñoäng doïc cuûa baùnh xe do to prevent condensation and tyre
maát caân baèng, laép sai hoaëc hö deformation over extended storage

393
wheel trim windscreen pillars

periods: Giaù ñôõ baùnh xe trong hinges, door stop latches, boot
thôøi gian baûo quaûn springs, seat slide tracks,
z wheel trim n. = WHEEL distributor cams, windscreen wiper
COVER: Naép baùnh xe mechanism, etc: Môõ boâi trôn coù
z wheel trim emblem = plastic chaát Lithi khoâng ñoâng, khoâng
emblem with logo; self-adhesive chaûy
backing adheres to hub cap or z white rust n. loose, porous
wheel cover centre cap: Bieåu oxidation products formed on zinc
töôïng treân naép baùnh xe when a lack of carbon dioxide
z wheel weight tool n. special occurs and water condenses on the
automotive tool for use when surface of the work: Gæ keõm coù
balancing wheels; installs, trims maøu traéng
and remes all types of clip-on wide-nose peen hammer n. a peen
wheel weights with a hammer and finish hammer with an extra-
head and pliers for installation and wide wedge end well suited to
removal and a cutter for trimming: shaping of sharp corners and beads
Duïng cuï caân baèng baùnh xe in panels: Ñaàu muõi buùa coù muõi
z wheel wobble n. oscillation of lôùn
the front wheels caused by z wide open throttle (WOT) n.
unbalanced wheels, defective US = FULL THROTTLE
steering gear, etc: Söï ñaûo baùnh Wilson gearbox n. an early pre-
tröôùc selector epicyclic gearbox still
whip aerial n. long, thin, flexible used in buses: Hoäp soá Wilson
aerial: AÊn ten xeáp (NOTE: named after British
whipping or whirling n. (of a drive inventor Walter Gordon Wilson,
shaft) tendency of a long rotating 1874-1957)
shaft to bend at high speed, like a wind deflector n. = AIR SHIELD:
bow or whip: Khuynh höôùng voõng Taám chaén gioù
xuoáng cuûa truïc daøi khi quay toác z window weatherstrip n. rubber
ñoä cao or moquette sealing strip fitted in
white metal n. any of various (tin- the gap on either side of a sliding
based) alloys, such as Babbitt door window to seal the door
metal, still occasionally used for gutter and prevent water getting in
bearings: Hôïp kim choáng ma saùt: to the inventor of the door frame:
moät hôïp kim cuûa thieác, chì vaø Vieàn cao su boïc quanh kính xe
aên-ti-mon coù nhieät ñoä noùng chaûy windscreen or US windshield n.
vaø heä soá ma saùt thaáp duøng laøm forward-facing front window of a
baïc loùt motor vehicle: Kính chaén gioù xe
z white lithium grease n. type hôi (kính tröôùc)
of grease that will not freeze, melt z windscreen pillars n. the front
or wash off; used for speedometer posts of the body shell which
and brake cables, door and bonnet together with the scuttle and

394
windscreen shade band wire mesh

header panel form the windscreen a road wheel and provides

aperture: Truï ñôõ khung kính protection against splashes of mud,
tröôùc etc.: Taám khung chaén buøn phía
z windscreen shade band n. = treân baùnh xe
SUN SHIELD: Daõi maøu toái treân (NOTE: US English is fender)
kính tröôùc ñeå bôùt choùi z wing mirror = rear-view mirror
z windscreen surround n. mounted on the wing; once
moulded rubber insulating strip common but now replaced by door
round the windscreen: Ñöôøng vieàn mirrors: Kính chieáu haäu ñaët treân
cao su bao quanh kính tröôùc capoâ
windscreen washer n. a person who wing nut n. nut with two flat
washes windscreens: Ngöôøi röûa projections like wings so that it can
kính be easily turned by hand: Ñai oác
windscreen wash / wipe system n. coù tai hay caùnh vaën
system operated by the same z wing shield n. small curved
lever on the control stalk that panel in front side window which
operates the wipers, which directs deflects wind and reduces draught
a jet of water onto the windscreen with the window open: typically
and activates the wipers for a short made of transparent acrylic, clear
period: Heä thoáng xòt vaø gaït nöôùc or smoked: Taám mica trong che
kính cöûa hoâng khi xuoáng kính
z windscreen wiper n. winker n. (informal) = DIRECTION
electrically operated arm with a INDICATOR
(renewable) rubber or plastic blade winter tyre n. a tyre with a deep tread
that wipes a windscreen clear of suitable for winter conditions:
rain, snow, etc. ; activated by a Loaïi voû xe duøng cho muøa ñoâng
switch or lever on the instrument wiper n. short for windscreen wiper,
panel or control stalk: Caàn (caùi) rear wiper, headlamp wiper: Caàn
gaït nöôùc gaït nöôùc
windshield n. US = WINDSCREEN wire brush n. brush with wire
win tunnel n. tunnel-like chamber in bristles for removing loose paint,
which a current of air can be dirt, carbon, or rust from metal
maintained at a constant velocity surfaces: Baøn chaûi saét
and in which motor vehicles (and z wire glow plug n. double-
aircraft, etc.) are tested to pole glow plug with an unsheathed
determine their aerodynamic wire loop; now superseded by
properties and the effects of wind sheathed-type glow plugs: Bougie
pressure: OÁng thöû khí ñoäng xoâng 2cöïc
wind-up window n. window that is z wire loom n. = SPARKING
manually operated with a winder: PLUG CABLE LOOM
Kính quay tay z wire mesh n. in catalytic
wing n. the car body panel that covers converters with a ceramic

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wire spoke worm-and-roller-steering

monolith, a stainless-steel fabric drive the socket up to 150 from

used as a shock-absorbing support vertical: Ñaàu noái vaøo caàn sieát ñeå
for: Löôùi daây kim loaïi ñeå choáng quay nghieâng
rung cho boä xuùc taùc z wobble plate n. = SWASH
wire spoke n. part which connects the PLATE
hub of a wire spoke wheel to the wood alcohol n. = METHANOL:
rim: Nan hoa vaønh xe Röôïu metanol, coàn thöïc vaät
wire strippers n. pliers used for Woodruff key n. semicircular key
removing insulating material from that slots into a curved keyway in a
the ends of the ends of electrical shaft to prevent rotational
wire: Kìm tuoát daây ñieän movement between the shaft and a
z wire stripper / crimper tool = hub or pulley: Then baùn nguyeät,
multi-purpose electricians’ pliers choát côø la veùt
for cutting and stripping wire and working cycle n. recurring sequence
crimping insulated or non- of events in the combustion
insulated solderless terminals process, e.g. a four-stroke cycle:
when servicing the electrical Chu trình laøm vieäc
system: Kìm caét vaø tuoát daây z working cylinder n. inner
z wiring harness or wiring loom cylinder of a double-tube shock
n. vehicle wiring bound in a absorber: Xy lanh vaän haønh trong
protective sheath, which aids boä giaûm xoùc hai oáng
installation as an integrated unit: worm n. short, rotating shaft on which
Buoái daây ñieän a helical groove has been cut, as in
wiring pigtail n. short length of wire, a gear arrangement in which such
usually with connector, a shaft meshes with a toothed
permanently attached to an wheel: truïc vít
electric component, such as an z worm-and-lever steering =
oxygen sensor: Ñoaïn daây ngaén CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
nhoâ ra töø thieát bò ñieän (ñaàu noái) Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
z wiring trough n. longitudinal baåy
moulding that guides and conceals z worm-and-nut steering =
wiring.: Caùi keïp buoái daây steering system in which rotation
wishbone n. transverse link shaped of the worm causes a nut, which
like an A or wishbone: Ñoøn chöõ A encloses it, to move up or down,
(NOTE: US English is A-arm). thus turning the rocker shaft: Heä
withdrawal fork n. = CLUTCH thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñai oác
FORK z worm-and-peg steering =
wobble n. side-to-side vibration; CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
lateral runout: Söï dao ñoäng ngang Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
z wobble extension (bar) n. baåy
special extension with a unique z worm-and-roller-steering =
male end that enables the user to CAM-AND-ROLLER STEERING:

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worm-and-sector steering write-off

Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - con wrinkling n. (paint fault) the top coat
laên tends to wrinkle to a smaller or
z worm-and-sector steering = greater degree if the outer paint
type of steering system in which coat dries too rapidly, preventing
rotation of the worm moves a V- the underlying coats from drying
shaped section of a toothed wheel properly; this also occurs if the
at the top of the rocker shaft: Heä paint film is too heavy: Neáp nhaên
thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñoaïn cuûa lôùp sôn
voøng raêng cong wrist pin n. US = GUDGEON PIN:
z worm gear = device consisting Choát (aéc) pittoâng
of a short, threaded shaft (worm) write off v. (a) to damage a car
that mates with a gearwheel beyond repair or, for insurance
(worm wheel) so that rotary purposes, so as to be not worth
motion can be transferred between repairing: Phaù hoûng xe ñeán möùc
two shafts at right angles to each khoâng theå söûa ñeå ñöôïc ñeàn baûo
other: Baùnh vít hieåm
z worm wheel = gearwheel (b) (insurance assessor) to
driven by a worm: Baùnh raêng consider (a car) to be a total loss:
nghieâng aên khôùp truïc vít Xaùc ñònh xe bò hö hoaøn toaøn (baûo
WOT = WIDE OPEN hieåm)
THROTTLE: Böôùm ga môû lôùn z write-off n. a car damaged
wrapround a. curving round in one beyond repair or so badly damaged
continuous piece: Ñöôøng vieàn as to be not worth repairing for
z wrapround windscreen = insurance purposes: Söï phaù hoûng
PANORAMIC WINDSCREEN xe ñeán möùc khoâng söûa ñöôïc ñeå
wrench n. a spanner, especially one baûo hieåm ñeàn
with adjustable jaws: Chìa khoùa
(sieát môû buø loong, ñai oác)

397
 Xenon zinc

Xx Yy Zz

xenon n. colourless, odourless gas windings of an alternator: Caùc

used in electric luminescent tubes cuoän daây pha noái hình sao trong
to provide a bright light: a xenon maùy phaùt
stroboscope for ignition timing is Y-pipe n. (exhaust system) Y-shaped
strong enough to use in daylight.: down pipe connecting a two-
Khí xenon (duøng trong boùng ñeøn branch exhaust manifold to a
suùng caân löûa) single exhaust pipe: Ñaàu oáng poâ
X-flow cylinder head n. = CROSS- daïng chöõ Y
FLOW CYLINDER HEAD Z-axle n. a rear axle introduced with
X-type frame n. a frame design the BMW ZI in 1988, consisting of
shaped like an elongated letter X a trailing arm, one upper lateral
that narrows to a strong junction at link, one lower diagonal link, and
the centre section; it usually has a coil spring at each side; also
three or more crossmembers to included is an anti-roll bar: Caàu
provide torsional stability but truïc sau daïng chöõ Z
there are no crossmembers in the zebrano or zebrawood n. striped
centre section of the vehicle.: hardwood used for interior trim as
Khung xe daïng chöõ X a cheaper alternative to burr
yaw v. to move or rotate about a walnut.: Goã oáp trong xe
vertical axis: Quay quanh truïc Zener diode n. voltage regulator
thaúng ñöùng diode in electronic ignition and
z yaw acceleration = a steady alternator output circuits.: Diod
increase in the yaw angle: Gia toác Zener (diod ñieàu chænh ñieän aùp
quay quanh truïc thaúng ñöùng trong maïch ñaùnh löûa ñieän töû vaø
z yaw angle = angle of deviation maïch ngoõ ra maùy phaùt)
between a vehicle's longitudinal zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) n.
axis and its true direction of vehicle which itself produces no
motion, i.e. the difference emissions, such as electric
between the direction a vehicle is powered vehicles.: Xe khoâng oâ
pointing when cornering and the nhieãm (xe ñieän, xe hydro)
direction in which it is actually ZEV = ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE
moving.: Goùc quay quanh truïc zinc n. metallic element used in
thaúng ñöùng galvanizing metals, die-casting, as
Y-belt n. Y-shaped belt design a constituent in various alloys, as
used to restrain babies in a baby abattery electrode, etc.: Keõm
seat.: Daây ñai daïng chöõ Y (daây z zinc alloy = alloy whose main
ñai an toaøn cho em beù) component is zinc: Hôïp kim keõm
Y - configuration n. Y-shaped z zinc bath = GALVANIZING
connection of the three stator BATH

398
zinc-electroplating ZVD

z zinc-electroplating = application of zinc-based primer

ELECTROGALVANIZING: Maï may be regarded as a less durable
keõm baèng ñieän phaân form of cold galvanizing.: Sôn
z zinc immersion treatment = giaøu keõm/ chaát duøng ñeå sôn loùt
pretreatment before electro- zincrometal n. trademark of a special
plating; a thin zinc deposit forms type of coil-coated steel sheet
by immersion of aluminium in a with plastic and zinc dust coating,
zinc solution which prevents which is proving increasingly
further oxidation of the aluminium useful in automobile manufacture:
and provides a key for the Theùp taám phuû nhöïa vaø keõm
galvanic coating: Xöû lyù tröôùc khi zinc spraying n. process for applying
maï (ngaâm vaøo dung dòch keõm) zinc coatings to iron and steel.: Söï
z zinc-iron alloy layer = alloy phuû keõm
layer formed on iron and steel zinc vapour deposition (ZVD) n.
during hot-dip galvanizing as a process in which zinc vapour is
result of the diffusion of atoms deposited in a vacuum on the
from the molten zinc into the work pieces being worked on.: quaù
and vice versa: Lôùp hôïp kim saét - trình keát tuï cuûa hôi keõm
keõm (hình thaønh khi maï noùng) zirconia (ZrO2) n. zirconium oxide,
z zinc phosphate coating = zinc- used in enamels and ceramic
rich conversion coating produced coatings.: Zirconium oxide (hôïp
by phosphating: Lôùp photphat chaát xuùc taùc)
phuû ngoaøi keõm zirconium n. metallic element: Teân
z zinc plating = application of a kim loaïi zirconi
zinc coating by galvanizing or (NOTE: symbol: Zr; atomic
electrogalvanizing: Maï keõm number: 40).
z zinc-rich paint / primer = paint ZVD = ZINC VAPOUR
containing an extremely high DEPOSITION: Maï baèng hôi keõm
proportion of metallic zinc dust in
the dry film (about 95% by
weight), applied to iron and steel
as an anti-corrosive primer ; the

399