Wire Guage to Diameter Chart

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Maximum
Ohms amps for
AWG Diameter Diameter per Ohms per chassis
gauge Inches mm 1000 ft km wiring
OOOO 0.46 11.684 0.049 0.16072 380
OOO 0.4096 10.40384 0.0618 0.202704 328
OO 0.3648 9.26592 0.0779 0.255512 283
0 0.3249 8.25246 0.0983 0.322424 245
1 0.2893 7.34822 0.1239 0.406392 211
2 0.2576 6.54304 0.1563 0.512664 181
3 0.2294 5.82676 0.197 0.64616 158
4 0.2043 5.18922 0.2485 0.81508 135
5 0.1819 4.62026 0.3133 1.027624 118
6 0.162 4.1148 0.3951 1.295928 101
7 0.1443 3.66522 0.4982 1.634096 89
8 0.1285 3.2639 0.6282 2.060496 73
9 0.1144 2.90576 0.7921 2.598088 64
10 0.1019 2.58826 0.9989 3.276392 55
11 0.0907 2.30378 1.26 4.1328 47
12 0.0808 2.05232 1.588 5.20864 41
13 0.072 1.8288 2.003 6.56984 35
14 0.0641 1.62814 2.525 8.282 32
15 0.0571 1.45034 3.184 10.44352 28
16 0.0508 1.29032 4.016 13.17248 22
17 0.0453 1.15062 5.064 16.60992 19
18 0.0403 1.02362 6.385 20.9428 16
19 0.0359 0.91186 8.051 26.40728 14
20 0.032 0.8128 10.15 33.292 11
21 0.0285 0.7239 12.8 41.984 9
22 0.0254 0.64516 16.14 52.9392 7
23 0.0226 0.57404 20.36 66.7808 4.7
24 0.0201 0.51054 25.67 84.1976 3.5
25 0.0179 0.45466 32.37 106.1736 2.7
26 0.0159 0.40386 40.81 133.8568 2.2
27 0.0142 0.36068 51.47 168.8216 1.7
28 0.0126 0.32004 64.9 212.872 1.4
 29 0.0113 0.28702 81.83 268.4024 1.2
30 0.01 0.254 103.2 338.496 0.86
31 0.0089 0.22606 130.1 426.728 0.7
32 0.008 0.2032 164.1 538.248 0.53
Metric
2.0 0.00787 0.2 169.39 555.61 0.51
33 0.0071 0.18034 206.9 678.632 0.43
Metric
1.8 0.00709 0.18 207.5 680.55 0.43
34 0.0063 0.16002 260.9 855.752 0.33
Metric
1.6 0.0063 0.16002 260.9 855.752 0.33
35 0.0056 0.14224 329 1079.12 0.27
Metric
1.4 0.00551 0.14 339 1114 0.26
36 0.005 0.127 414.8 1360 0.21
Metric
1.25 0.00492 0.125 428.2 1404 0.2
37 0.0045 0.1143 523.1 1715 0.17
Metric
1.12 0.00441 0.112 533.8 1750 0.163
38 0.004 0.1016 659.6 2163 0.13

Metric 1 0.00394 0.1 670.2 2198 0.126

39 0.0035 0.0889 831.8 2728 0.11
40 0.0031 0.07874 1049 3440 0.09
rt

Maximum
amps for
power
transmission
302
239
190
150
119
94
75
60
47
37
30
24
19
15
12
9.3
7.4
5.9
4.7
3.7
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.92
0.729
0.577
0.457
0.361
0.288
0.226
0.182
0.142
0.113
0.091

0.088
0.072

0.072
0.056

0.056
0.044

0.043
0.035

0.034
0.0289

0.0277
0.0228

0.0225
0.0175
0.0137
For Distribution / Industrial Networks

In electrical installations the operating load kW and its average power

factor (PF) can be ascertained from the electricity bill.
Alternative it can also be easily evaluated by the formula

Average PF = kWh / kVAh

Operating load kW = kVA demand x Average PF
The average PF is considered as the initial PF and the final PF can be 
suitable assumed as required. In such cases required capacitor kVAr
can be calculated as shown in the example

Example:
Calculate the required kVAr compensation for 500 kW installation to 
improve the PF from 0.75 to 0.96.
kVAr = kW x multiplying factor from table 4.2
          = 500 x 0.59
          = 295 kVAr.

Note:
The table (a) is based on following Formula:}
KVAr required = kW (tan Ø 1 – tan Ø 2)
Where Ø 1 = Cos-1 (PF 1) and
Ø 1 = Cos-1 (PF 2) and

PF1 and PF2 are initial and final

Power factors respectively
TABLE (a)
Initial Final PF
PF 0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98
0.4 1.807 1.836 1.865 1.896 1.928 1.963 2 2.041 2.088
0.42 1.676 1.705 1.735 1.766 1.798 1.832 1.869 1.91 1.958
0.44 1.557 1.585 1.615 1.646 1.678 1.712 1.749 1.79 1.838
0.45 1.5 1.529 1.559 1.589 1.622 1.656 1.693 1.734 1.781
0.46 1.446 1.475 1.504 1.535 1.567 1.602 1.639 1.68 1.727
0.48 1.343 1.372 1.402 1.432 1.465 1.499 1.536 1.577 1.625
0.5 1.248 1.276 1.306 1.337 1.369 1.403 1.44 1.481 1.529
0.52 1.158 1.187 1.217 1.247 1.28 1.314 1.351 1.392 1.44
0.54 1.074 1.103 1.133 1.163 1.196 1.23 1.267 1.308 1.356
0.55 1.034 1.063 1.092 1.123 1.156 1.19 1.227 1.268 1.315
0.56 0.995 1.024 1.053 1.084 1.116 1.151 1.188 1.229 1.276
0.58 0.92 0.949 0.979 1.009 1.042 1.076 1.113 1.154 1.201
0.6 0.849 0.878 0.907 0.938 0.97 1.005 1.042 1.083 1.13
0.62 0.781 0.81 0.839 0.87 0.903 0.937 0.974 1.015 1.062
0.64 0.716 0.745 0.775 0.805 0.838 0.872 0.909 0.95 0.998
0.65 0.685 0.714 0.743 0.774 0.806 0.84 0.877 0.919 0.966
0.66 0.654 0.683 0.712 0.743 0.775 0.81 0.847 0.888 0.935
0.68 0.594 0.623 0.652 0.683 0.715 0.75 0.787 0.828 0.875
0.7 0.536 0.565 0.594 0.625 0.657 0.692 0.729 0.77 0.817
0.72 0.48 0.508 0.538 0.569 0.601 0.635 0.672 0.713 0.761
0.74 0.425 0.453 0.483 0.514 0.546 0.58 0.617 0.658 0.706
 0.75 0.398 0.426 0.456 0.487 0.519 0.553 0.59 0.631 0.679
0.76 0.371 0.4 0.429 0.46 0.492 0.526 0.563 0.605 0.652
0.78 0.318 0.347 0.376 0.407 0.439 0.474 0.511 0.552 0.599
0.8 0.266 0.294 0.324 0.355 0.387 0.421 0.458 0.499 0.547
0.82 0.214 0.242 0.272 0.303 0.335 0.369 0.406 0.447 0.495
0.84 0.162 0.19 0.22 0.251 0.283 0.317 0.354 0.395 0.443
0.85 0.135 0.164 0.194 0.225 0.257 0.291 0.328 0.369 0.417

Notes:
1.It is considered uneconomical in industrial applications to improve power factor by individual 
   compensation for motor ratings below 15hp.
2.For motor ratings above 250hp the capacitor kVAr rating would be about 25% of the motor
   rating in hp.
3.In all cases it should be ensured that the capacitor current at rated voltage is always less than 
   90% of the no load current of the motor. This is due to the fact that when capacitor current 
   exceeds the no load magnetizing current of the motor, excessive voltage surges can occur
   due to self excitation in the event of an interruption in power supply which will prove harmful
   to both the motor as well as the capacitor.

4.The capacitor kVAr values indicated in the above table are after taking into consideration the
   condition specified in the item-3 above and assuming motor loading of greater than 80%.

5.If the motor is loaded less than 80% the capacitor kVAr required may be greater than the
   values indicated in the above table. In such case the capacitor should be connected upstream  
   in group or central compensation mode.
       
Capacitor kVAr for Transformer
Power and distribution transformers, which work on the principle of electron-magnetic
induction, consume reactive power for their own needs even when its secondary is not
connected to any load. The power factor will be very low under such a situation.
To improve the power factor it is required to connect a fixed capacitor or a capacitor
bank at the LT side of the transformer. The table (b) gives the approximate kVAr of
capacitors required.

TABLE (b)
0.99
2.149
2.018
1.898
1.842
1.788
1.685
1.59
1.5
1.416
1.376
1.337
1.262
1.191
1.123
1.058
1.027
0.996
0.936
0.878
0.821
0.766
0.739
0.713
0.66
0.608
0.556
0.503
0.477

kVAr
kVA rating required
of the for
transform compensat
Sl.no er ion
upto and
including 5% of kVA
1 315 kVA rating
315 kVA - 6% of kVA
2 1000 kVA rating
Above 1000 8% of kVA
3 kVA rating
Capacitor kVAr For AC Induction Motors
This table (c)  gives the recommended ratings of power capacitors, which
are to be used directly with 3 phase AC induction motors.
The estimation of kVAr required for compensation to achieve desired
power factor is generally done depending on the type of loads to be 
compensated. For ease of use the tables and formulae given in this 
section may be used.
 TABLE (c)
Motor Capacitor ratings in kVAr when speed (rev / min) is 
Rating
in HP 3000 1500 1000 750 500
2.5 1 1 1.5 2 2.5
5 2 2 2.5 3.5 4
7.5 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5.5
10 3 4 4.5 5.5 6.5
15 4 5 6 7.5 9
20 5 6 7 9 12
25 6 7 9 10.5 14.5
30 7 8 10 12 17
40 9 10 13 15 21
50 11 12.5 16 18 25
60 13 14.5 18 20 28
70 15 16.5 20 22 31
80 17 19 22 24 34..0
90 19 21 24 26 37
100 21 23 26 28 40
110 23 25 28 30 43
120 25 27 30 32 46
130 27 29 32 34 49
140 29 31 34 36 52
145 30 32 35 37 54
150 31 33 36 38 55
155 32 34 37 39 56
160 33 35 38 40 57
165 34 36 39 41 59
170 35 37 40 42 60
175 36 38 41 43 61
180 37 39 42 44 62
185 38 40 43 45 63
190 38 40 43 45 65
200 40 42 45 47 67
250 45 50 55 60 70
        
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