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    Solved Bridge MODIFIED

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Abbass
    This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Solved Bridge MODIFIED

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Abbass
    92 views13 pages
    This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

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    solved bridge MODIFIED

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    This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    92 views13 pages

    Solved Bridge MODIFIED

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Abbass
    This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Benha University

    Faculty of Engineering Shoubra


    Civil Engineer Department

    Bridge
    Solved
    Example

    Prof.Dr / Mona Gaily


    Benha University SOLVED EXAMPLE
    Faculty of Engineering- Shoubra Subject: Reinforced Concrete
    Civil Engineering Department .
    Fourth Year Civil: Structure

    Question 1:

    The shown bridge is a Solid Slab


    Clear width of the bridge is 8 m, span is 11 m , height is 6m and design live load is HS15. It
    is required to :

    1. Determine all strains actions acting on abutment and pier.


    2. Complete Design of Pier.
    3. Complete Design of abutment .

    (Assume any missing data)

    11m 11m
    1- Getting Concrete Dimensions:
    Assuming (abutment) 1.2m for thickness (Pier) 1.5mx1.5m
    using solid slab system for superstructure.
    ts = span /12 =11/12=0.916 m ……….. take ts= 0.95m
    Assume side walk =0.5 m
    No. of lanes = clear width / 3.6 =8/3.6 = 2.23 ………. 2 lanes
    Over all width =8 + (0.5x2)=9m

    Abutment width = 9+(.05x2)+(0.3x2)


    =9.7 m

    2- Getting Loads :

    1-DEAD LOADS:

    Slab weight =25x0.95x9x11=2351 KN


    Wearing weight =25x0.15x9x11 =371 KN
    Assume asphalt density =25 KN/m2 and thickness =0.15m
    Side walk weight =2*(0.5*0.25*25*11) = 68.8 KN
    Abutment weight =25x1.2x7.5x 9.7 = 2183 KN
    Pier weight = (25x1.5x9.7 x1.5) +(25x1.5x1.5x6 ) =883 KN

    2351+371+68.8
    Dead Loads on abutment ¿ 2
    +2183 = 3578.5 KN.

    2-LIVE LOADS:

    1-Getting Reactions
    a-Using truck loads
    R=110+ (110x6.7/11) +(27x2.4/11)
    R=183 KN
    R (total) =183x2x1 = 366 KN
    b-Using lane loads
    R=90 +(0.5x11x7.1) =129 KN

    R (total) =129x2 = 285 KN

    2-Getting Moments
    a-Using truck loads
    Moment at (cl) =91.5x (3.4+1.6)
    Moment at (cl) =457.5 KN.m
    b-Using lane loads
    R= 60+(0.5x7.1x11) =99 KN
    Moment at (cl) =99x (2.5)
    Moment at (cl) =247.5 KN.m

    Live Loads on abutment :


    RLL = 366 KN
    MLL = 457.5 KN.m

    3-IMPACT LOADS:

    50
    I=
    ( 0.311 )+125 = 0.309 ¿ 0.3
    take I =0.3
    MLL+I =457.5*1.3= 595 KN.m
    RLL+I =366*1.3 = 476 KN

    4-EARTH PRESSURE :

    Assume soil density = 18 KN/m3


    Ka = 0.334

    Earth Pressure :

    E1= 18x8.7x8.7x0.33x0.5 = 277 KN


    Normal Force :
    W1 =25x0.9x7.5 = 169 KN/m
    W2= 25x0.3x8.7 = 65.2 KN /m
    W3 =25x0.5x2 = 25 KN/m
    W4 =25x.5x.5x.4 = 2.5 KN/m

    Moment at Base = (227 x8.7/3) – ((169x.45) +(65.2x1.05)+(25x1.45)+(2.5x1.4)) =486

    M e.p = 486x9.7 =4710 KN.m

    5-Longitudinal Force :

    FL =(5/100)x99 x2x1 = 9.9 KN

    M F.L= 9.9 x7.5 =74 KN.m


    6-Wind Loads :
    1-On superstructure :
    A) For Traverse Direction
    Wh =0.24 t/m2
    Wh= 2.4x(0.95+0.25) =2.88 KN/m ¿ 4.47 KN/m
    Take Wh =4.47 KN/m
    Fwh= 4.47x11 =49.17 KN
    Mwh(abut) =49.17x7.5/2 =184.4 KN .m
    Wh* =zero t/m2 (due to earth pressure )

    B)Wind Load on Live load


    WL= 1.5 KN/m
    WL*=0.6 KN/m
    FL= 1.5 x11 =16.5 KN
    ML= 16.5x7.5/2 = 62 KN.m
    FL*=0.6x2x3=3.6 KN
    ML*=3.6x7.5/2 = 13.5 KN.m

    C)Overturning moment
    B= 9m
    Fv = 1x11x9 = 99 KN
    Mov = 99/2 *9/4 =112 KN.m

    2-On substructure :
    w= 2 KN/m
    F= 2x1.2x7.2 =17.3 KN
    M sub base = 17.3 x ( 7.2/2 +1.5 ) = 88.3 KN.m

    Cases of Loading for wind :


    Case (II) (no Live loads)
    Moment (perpendicular to span ) =184.4+112+88.3 = 385 KN.m
    Moment (parallel to span ) = zero
    Case (III) (Live loads)
    Moment (perpendicular to span ) =0.3x305+62 = 177 KN.m
    Moment (parallel to span ) = 13.5 KN.m

    7-Earth Quake Loads :


    W (dead load on superstructure) =2791 KN
    m= w/g = 2791/9.81 = 285.5
    assume zone (B)
    and Stiff clay ……. (S) =1.2
    assume Fcu= 40 Mpa
    E= 4400√ fcu =2.78x107
    For longitudinal direction

    Abutment Pier
    Y Y

    Iy =(1.2)3x9.7/12 Iy =(1.5)3x1.5/12
    K=3EI/h3
    K=3EI/h3
    H= 7.5 m K=3x2.78x107 x1.53 x1.5/12x7.53

    K=3x2.78x107 x1.23 x9.7/12x7.53


    K= 276410 K= 83484

    ∑K =Kabutment +0.5 Kpier


    ∑K =276410+0.5x83484 =318152

    T=2π√ m/k =2π√ 285.2/318152 =0.188 sec


    Cs=1.2xAxS/T(2/3) = 1.2x.19x1.2/0.188(2/3) =0.833 ¿ 2.5A ….. take Cs = 2.5A
    Cs =2.9x.19= .475
    H= Csx W =.475*2791= 1326 KN
    H abutment =1326 x 276410/318152 =1151
    H pier = 174 KN
    M abutment =1151x7.5 =8632KN.m M Pier =1307 KN.m

    For Transverse direction

    Ix =(9.7)3x1.2/12 Ix =(1.5)3x1.5/12
    K=3EI/h3
    K=3EI/h3
    H= 7.5 m K=3x2.78x107 x1.53 x1.5/12x7.53

    K=3x2.78x107 x9.73 x1.2/12x7.53


    K= 18042531 K= 83484
    ∑K =Kabutment +0.5 Kpier
    ∑K =18042531+0.5x83484 =18084231

    T= 0.025 sec
    Cs = 3.2 ¿ 2.5A
    Cs =0.475
    H =0.475x2971 =1326
    H abutment=1323 KN
    H pier = 3KN

    M abutment = 1323x7.5 = 9922 KN.m

    M pier = 3x7.5= 22.5 KN.m

    Earthquake Moments

    Abutment Pier
    0.3x9922 =2977

    0.3x22.5 =7

    8632 1307

    9922

    22.5

    0.3x 8632 =2590 0.3x1307=392


    Summary For Straining Actions on ABUTMENT

    Moment Moment
    Case Normal (perpendicular to (parallel to span)
    span)

    Dead load 3578 ------ ------

    Live load 476 595 ------


    Earth pressure ------ ------ 4316

    Long. Force ------ ------ 74

    Wind II
    ------ 385 ------
    Wind III ------ 177 13.5

    EQ I 2977 8632
    ------
    EQ II ------ 9922 2590

    Load Combimations
    1-For Moment (perpendicular to span) :

    Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 0+ 2.2x595) +0) =1702 KN.m

    Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 0+385+0) =501 KN.m

    Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


    = 1.3( 0+595+0+177+0) =1004 KN.m

    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


    = 1.3( 0+0+2977) =3870 KN.m
    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
    = 1.3( 0+0+9922) =12898.6 KN.m
    2-For Moment (parallel to span) :

    Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 0+ 0 +1.3x4316) =7294 KN.m

    Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 0+0+1.3x4316) =7294 KN.m

    Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


    = 1.3( 0+0+0+1.3x4316+13.5+74) =7407 KN.m

    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


    = 1.3( 0+4316+8632) =12948 KN.m
    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
    = 1.3( 0+4316+2590) =8978 KN.m

    3-For Normal Force :

    Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 3578+ 2.2x476 +0) =6013 KN.m

    Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


    = 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m

    Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


    = 1.3( 3578+476+0+0+0+0) =5270 KN.m

    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


    = 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m
    Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
    = 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m
    Design Of Abutment :
    1-Geometry:
    Bxt=(9.7x1.2) m
    Ho=7.50 m
    Lf2=9.1 m

    2-Check Buckling:
    Ho/ Lf2= 7.5/9.1 =0.73 ¿ 0.5 …….. K=1.5 – ( Ho/ Lf2 )=0.73
    He= KxH0=7.5x0.73 = 5.475
    λ= He/t =5.475/1.2 = 4.562 < 15 ……….. short wall

    3-Straining Actions:
    1-From Case (VI) A
    N=4651 KN
    M(pendi.)= 3870 KN.m
    M(para.)= 12948 KN.m
    2-From Case (VI) B
    N=4651 KN
    M(pendi.)= 12898.6 KN.m
    M(para.)= 8978 KN.m

    4-Design for Longitudinal RFT.:


    For Case VI A
    N=4651 KN
    M(perndi.)= 3870 KN.m
    M(para.)= 12948 KN.m
    Nu min. = .04Fcu xbxt =.04x40x1200x9700 =18624 KN > Nu ……. Neglect Nu
    e (perndi.) = M(perndi.)/N =3870/4651 = .83 m
    e/b = .83/9.7 =.085 > .05
    Rb= Nu /( Fcu xb xt) =(4651x103)/(40x1200x9700) =0.1
    M(perndi.)/9.7 = 399
    M(para.)/1.2 = 10790
    (M(perndi.)/9.7)/( M(para.)/1.2) =.037 From table ( 6-1-B)
    αb= 1
    M(perndi.)*= M(perndi.)x αb= 3870
    M(para.)*= M(para.) x αb= 12948

    For M(perndi.)* =3870 KN.m


    Ru = 3870x106 / 96002x1200 =0.03
    µ=1.162 x10-4
    As1= As2 =1338.38 mm2 ………. Use 6Φ18
    For M(para.)* =12948 KN.m
    Ru = 12948x106 / 9700x11002 =1.1
    µ=3.662 x10-3

    As1= As2 =39080 mm2 ………. Use 9Φ25 /m


    As min= 0.4 /100 xbxt = 46560
    As total = 2x(39080+1338) = 80838 > As min (ok)

    For Case VI B
    N=4651 KN
    M(perndi.)= 12899 KN.m
    M(para.)= 8978 KN.m
    Nu min. = .04Fcu xbxt =.04x40x1200x9700 =18624 KN > Nu ……. Neglect Nu
    Rb= Nu /( Fcu xb xt) =(4651x103)/(40x1200x9700) =0.1
    M(perndi.)/9.7 = 1329.7
    M(para.)/1.2 = 7482
    (M(perndi.)/9.7)/( M(para.)/1.2) =.18 From table ( 6-1-B)
    αb= 1.05
    M(perndi.)*= M(perndi.)x αb= 13543
    M(para.)*= M(para.) x αb= 9427

    For M(perndi.)* =12899 KN.m


    Ru = 12899x106 / 96002x1200 =0.122
    µ=4.07 x10-4

    As1= As2 =4683.62 mm2 ………. Use 10Φ25

    For M(para.)* =9427 KN.m


    Ru = 9427x106 / 9700x11002 =0.8
    µ=2.67 x10-3
    As1= As2 =28452.4 mm2 ………. Use 8Φ22 /m

    5-Design for transverse RFT.:


    As min = 0.25/100 xb x t = .25/100x1000x1200
    = 3000 mm2 for two side
    =1500 mm2 for one side = 8Φ16/ m
    6-Design for Wing Walls:
    e 1=1x(1/3) = 0.33
    e 2=6x(1/3)x1.8= 3.6
    e 3=3x1.8x1.5 =8.1
    M1 =e1 x7.52/2 =9.4 t.m
    M2 =33.75 t.m

    M total = M1+M2= 43 t.m


    Take t = 400 mm

    Ru=430x106 /3802 x1000 =2.98


    µ=9.93 x10-3
    As= 3770 = 10Φ22

    7-Design for Bearing :


    Assume using 5 bearing
    R/bearing = 6013/5=1200 KN

    From Algabolc table use 5-bearing ( 100x150)

    8-Design for Splitting Force :


    Fs =0.3 xR bearing x(1- (min. dimension of bearing /depth))
    =0.3 x1200x(1 –(.1/1.2)) =346.5 KN
    As = Fs/(fy/ˠs) =346.5x103 /(400/1.15) =996.2 = 5Φ16 one mesh
    9-Detailing :

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