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    Hysteresis Motor: Working Principle & Applications

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Kumar
    The document discusses the hysteresis motor, including its construction, working principle, torque characteristics, types, and applications. The hysteresis motor works on hysteresis losses in the rotor and uses a rotating magnetic field to induce eddy currents for starting torque. Once synchronized, it runs similarly to a synchronous motor via constant hysteresis torque. Its applications include sound equipment, clocks, and teleprinters due to its quiet operation.

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    Hysteresis Motor: Working Principle & Applications

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Kumar
    346 views6 pages
    The document discusses the hysteresis motor, including its construction, working principle, torque characteristics, types, and applications. The hysteresis motor works on hysteresis losses in the rotor and uses a rotating magnetic field to induce eddy currents for starting torque. Once synchronized, it runs similarly to a synchronous motor via constant hysteresis torque. Its applications include sound equipment, clocks, and teleprinters due to its quiet operation.

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    Hysteresis Motor

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    The document discusses the hysteresis motor, including its construction, working principle, torque characteristics, types, and applications. The hysteresis motor works on hysteresis losses in the rotor and uses a rotating magnetic field to induce eddy currents for starting torque. Once synchronized, it runs similarly to a synchronous motor via constant hysteresis torque. Its applications include sound equipment, clocks, and teleprinters due to its quiet operation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    346 views6 pages

    Hysteresis Motor: Working Principle & Applications

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Kumar
    The document discusses the hysteresis motor, including its construction, working principle, torque characteristics, types, and applications. The hysteresis motor works on hysteresis losses in the rotor and uses a rotating magnetic field to induce eddy currents for starting torque. Once synchronized, it runs similarly to a synchronous motor via constant hysteresis torque. Its applications include sound equipment, clocks, and teleprinters due to its quiet operation.

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    Hysteresis Motor: Working Principle & Applications

    Hysteresis motor is defined as a synchronous motor that is having cylindrical rotor and works
    on hysteresis losses induced in the rotor of hardened steel with high retentivity. It is a single
    phase motor and its rotor is made of ferromagnetic material with non magnetic support over the
    shaft.

    Hysteresis Motor Construction


    A hysteresis motor is constructed of five main components:
    1. Stator
    2. Single phase stator winding
    3. Rotor
    4. Shaft
    5. Shading coil

    The two most important components of the hysteresis motor are the stator and rotor:
     Stator: Stator of hysteresis motor is designed in a particular manner to produce
    synchronous revolving field from single phase supply. Stator carries two windings, (a)
    main winding (b) auxiliary winding as in fig1. In another type of design of hysteresis
    motor the stator holds the poles of shaded type.
     Rotor: Rotor of hysteresis motor is made of magnetic material that has high hysteresis
    loss property. Example of this type of materials is chrome, cobalt steel or alnico or alloy.
    Hysteresis loss becomes high due to large area of hysteresis loop.
    Rotor does not carry any winding or teeth. The magnetic cylindrical portion of the rotor is
    assembled over shaft through arbor of non magnetic material like brass as in fig 2.
    Rotor is provided with high resistance to reduce eddy current loss.

    Fig. 1 Hysteresis motor


    Fig.2 Aluminium arbor covering the rotor

    Fig.3 Hysteresis loop with respect to induced torque in rotor by eddy current torque

    Working Principle of Hysteresis Motor


    Starting behavior of a hysteresis motor is like a single phase induction motor and running
    behavior is same as a synchronous motor. Step by step its behavior can be realized in the
    working principle that is given below.

    At the Starting Condition


     When stator is energized with single phase AC supply, rotating magnetic field is
    produced in stator.
     To maintain the rotating magnetic field the main and auxiliary windings must be supplied
    continuously at start as well as in running conditions.
     At the starting, by induction phenomenon, secondary voltage is induced in the rotor by
    stator rotating magnetic field. Hence eddy current is generated to flow in the rotor and it
    develops rotor.
     Thus eddy current torque is developed along with the hysteresis torque in the rotor.
    Hysteresis torque in the rotor develops as the rotor magnetic material is with high
    hysteresis loss property and high retentivity as in fig 3.
     The rotor goes under the slip frequency before going to the steady state running
    condition.
     So it can be said that when the rotor starts to rotate with the help of these eddy current
    torque due to induction phenomenon, it behalves like a single phase induction motor.

    At Steady State Running Condition

     When the speed of the rotor reaches near about the synchronous speed, the stator
    pulls the rotor into synchronism.
     At the condition of synchronism, the relative motion between stator field and
    rotor field vanishes. So there is no further induction phenomenon to continue. Hence
    no eddy current to generate in the rotor. Thus the torque due to eddy-currents
    vanishes.
     At the time of rotor’s rotation at the synchronous speed, rotating magnetic field
    flux in the stator produces poles on the rotor by induction; they are named as north
    (N) and south (S) poles as in fig 4. Thus rotor behaves as a permanent magnet having
    rotor axis as the induced magnetic axis.
     For high residual magnetism or retentivity the rotor pole strength remains
    sustainable or unchanged. Again higher the retentivity, higher is the hysteresis torque
    and the hysteresis torque is independent of the rotor speed always. The high
    retentivity enables the continuous magnetic locking between stator and rotor and thus
    the motor rotates at synchronous speed.
     The maximum work done to establish the hysteresis losses under the
    magnetization cycle in the rotor is equal to the surface area inside B-H hysteresis
    curve.
     In lower load torque, the needed work done to rotate the rotor is equal to
    maximum magnetizing work of hysteresis phenomenon available already in the rotor.
    So induced magnetic pole axis always follows the rotating magnetic field axis of
    stator without any lag angle.
     But when the load torque is sufficiently high, the maximum magnetizing work in
    rotor by hysteresis phenomenon cannot fulfill the work done needed to rotate the
    rotor.
     So the induced magnetic field axis or rotor pole axis lags the rotating magnetic
    field axis of the stator at an angle δh as in fig.4. Hence the rotor pole axis tries to catch
    up the stator magnetic field axis.
     If the load torque is increased, this lagging angle will be increased up to δ max
    before dropping below the synchronous condition.
     The rotor poles are attracted towards the moving stator poles and runs at
    synchronous speed.
    Fig.4 Rotor pole axis lagging the rotating magnetic field axis of the stator at an angle δh.

     As there is no slip at steady state running condition, only hysteresis torque is present to
    keep the rotor running at synchronous speed and it behaves like a synchronous motor.

    Hysteresis Power Loss, Ph in Hysteresis Motor


    Hysteresis power loss in the rotor of the hysteresis motor is given by

    Where,
    fr is the frequency of flux reversal in the rotor (Hz)
    Bmax is the maximum value of flux density in the air gap (T)
    Ph is the heat-power loss due to hysteresis (W)
    kh is the hysteresis constant

    Equation of Hysteresis Torque in the Hysteresis Motor


    From the equation of the hysteresis torque, it is clear that hysteresis torque is independent of
    frequency and speed.

    Torque-Speed Characteristic of Hysteresis Motor


    Torque-speed characteristics of hysteresis motor is given in fig 5.
    We know that constant Hysteresis Torque occurs in the hysteresis motor. This constant valued
    torque allows the motor to synchronize any load it can accelerate.
    The normal operating range is mentioned with dark vertical line.

    Fig. 5 Torque speed characteristics of Hysteresis Motor

    Starting Torque of the Hysteresis Motor


    Suppose ΦS is the stator flux at synchronous speed.
    Φr is the rotor flux. Due to hysteresis effect, Φ r lags ΦS at an angle α.
    Then the starting torque produced is given by

    K is the proportional constant.


    Types of Hysteresis Motors
    There are various types of hysteresis motor by construction. They are:
    1. Cylindrical hysteresis motors: It has cylindrical rotor.
    2. Disk hysteresis motors: It has annular ring shaped rotor.
    3. Circumferential-Field hysteresis motor: It has rotor supported by a ring of non magnetic
    material with zero magnetic permeability.
    4. Axial-Field hysteresis motor: It has rotor supported by a ring of magnetic material with
    infinite magnetic permeability.

    Advantages of Hysteresis Motor


    The main advantages of hysteresis motor are given below:
     As no teeth and no winding in rotor, no mechanical vibrations take place during its
    operation.
     Its operation is quiet and noiseless as there is no vibration.
     It is suitable to accelerate inertia loads.
     Multi-speed operation can be achieved by employing gear train.

    Disadvantages of Hysteresis Motor


    The disadvantages of hysteresis motor are given below:
     Hysteresis motor has poor output that is one-quarter of output of an induction motor with
    same dimension.
     Low efficiency
     Low torque.
     Low power factor
     This type of motor is available in very small size only.

    Applications of Hysteresis Motor


    Hysteresis motors have many applications, including:
    1. Sound producing equipments
    2. Sound recording instruments
    3. High quality record players
    4. Timing devices
    5. Electric clocks
    6. Teleprinters

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