The rate of resorption is four times faster in the edentulous maxilla than in the

edentulous mandible (True or False)

False
The ______________ extends downward and forward as curved ridge from the anterior
border of the ramus onto the buccal surface of the body of the mandible at its junction
with the alveolar ridge
External oblique ridge
A flat palatal vault provides good stability but poor retention (True or False)
False

Goof retention, not stability

The following muscle of mastication has no direct effect on the denture bearing area

-temporalis
-masseter
-lateral pterygoid
-medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Based on Dr. M. M. House classification of mucosa which type of tissue may need
surgical correction prior to making new dentures

-Type 1
-Type 2A
-Type 2B
-Type 3
Type 3
Name at least two means to reduce/eliminate inflammation of the gingival and mucous
membranes prior to securing final impressions for a new denture
Massage tissue
Which of the following is NOT the cause of Epulis fissuratum?

-Ill-fitting denture
-Over extended denture flange
-Tori
Tori
Name at least three way to treat/manage IPH (Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia)
-Antifungal tx
-Have patient remove dentures at night
-Tissue conditioner
A forward tongue position is more favorable than a posterior tongue position to aid in
retention of the mandibular denture (True or False)
True
Anatomically, the vibrating line is anterior to the junction of the hard and soft palates,
and the vibrating line is usually located just posterior to the fovea palatinae
-First part of statement is true
-Second part of statement is true
-Second part of statement is true
The rate of resorption is faster in: (circle the correct answer)

-Edentulous mandible
-Edentulous maxilla
-Edentulous mandible
The _____________ is located on the lingual aspect of the body of the mandible in the
molar region and runs downward and forward

-Ramus
-External oblique ridge
-Mylohyoid ride
-Molar or zygomatic process
Mylohyoid ridge
A flat palatal vault provides good ____________ of a denture

-Retention
-Stability
Retention
A high palatal vault provides good ______________ of a denture

-Retention
-Stability
Stability
The posterior palatal extension of the maxillary custom impression tray should extend
beyond the estimated final extension of the denture

-True
-False
True
The purpose of the wax spacer in a custom tray is:

______________________
Leave space for the final impression material and allow proper retention
One possible cause of xerostomia is ________
Medicating
Which of the following is NOT the cause of IPH?

-Ill-fitting denture
-Wearing dentures 24 hours per day
-Poor oral hygiene
-Tori
Tori
Part of the ridge that remains after all teeth are lost is called ____________
Residual alveolar ridge
A flat palatal vault provides good _________ of a denture, but poor ________ of a
denture (Fill in the blanks with the choices below)

-Retention
-Stability
Retention, Stability
The custom tray should be about 1-2 mm underextended to provide space for border
molding,

-True
-False
True
One possible cause of xerostomia is _______________
-Medications- antidepressants
One possible cause of Epulis Fissuratum is ____________
Ill-fitting denture
An excessive exostosis of bone in the center of the vault is called:

-Torus palatinus
-Torus mandibularis
-Maxilary suture
-Maxillary tuberosity
Torus palatinus
Seldom does a denture impinge on this nerve:

-Mental
-Greater palatine
-Incisive
Great Palatine
Which of the following muscles forms the floor of the mouth in the molar area?

-Genioglossus
-Geniohyoid
-Buccinator
-Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Which of the following anatomical landmarks extends downward and forward as a
curved ridge from the anterior border of the ramus onto the buccal surface of the body
of the mandible and provides support for the lower denture?

-Mylohyoid ridge
-Hamular notch
-External oblique ridge
-Tuberosity
External oblique ridge
The posterior extension of the maxillary denture across the soft palate is called:
Vibrating line
The posterior lingual extension of the mandibular impression tray should include the:
Retromylohyoid fossa
Relief wax should be applied to the entire palatal area before constructing the custom
impression tray (True or False)
True

It is not necessary to place a wax spacer in the case of severely resorbed mandibular
ridges.

True
False
True
The location of the tissue stops for Maxillary custom tray are

a. _____________
b. _____________
a. Cuspid (ridge crest)
b. Palate (posterior)
The __________ areas serve as stops for the mandibular impression tray
Buccal shelf
The wax spacer should be removed from the inside of the tray prior to

a. border molding procedure

b. final impression procedure
b. final impression procedure
The posterior palatal extension of the maxillary custom impression tray should extend
beyond the estimated final extension of the denture

True
False
True
The purpose of the wax spacer in a custom tray is:

a. ___________
b. ___________
a. orient tray
b. relieve tissue pressure
The completed maxillary and mandibular impression trays should be

a. 2-3 mm under extended

b. 1-2 mm under extended
c. 1/2 mm under extended
d. 3-4 mm under extended
b. 1-2 mm under extended
The master cast for a denture is poured in which type of material?

a. Plaster
b. Type III yellow stone
c. Die Keen
d White stone
b. Type III yellow stone
Prior to the final impression appointment, it is ideal if the patient wears the old dentures
24-hours a day to enable you to capture the supporting tissues in a functional condition.

True
False
False
The spacer wax should be removed from the impression tray prior to taking the final
impression

True
False
False
Border seal relates to what property of an acceptable impression?

Retention
Support
Stability
Retention
Which of the following can best control a severe problem with an excessive gagging
response during
a. Spray soft palate with Hurricane topical
Match the border molding movements to the area to be border molded:
B: Move mandible side to side
A: Pucker up
C: Have patient close firmly on your finger
The preferred material for record base fabrication is: (circle the correct answer)

-Triad Trans-sheet
-Triad TruTray
Triad Trans-sheet
Patients should leave the old dentures out of their mouth for 24 hours prior to the final
impression appointment
True
Resistance to lateral movement or displacement gained by bracing against the vertical
portion of the ridge is called (circle the correct answer)

Retention
Support
Stability
Stability
Proper proportions of polyether material for making the lower final impression are (fill in
the blank)

_____________
2 Peridegarant : 1 impregnum polyether
During the fabrication of an occlusion rim, all the undercuts on the master cast should
be blocked out completely with baseplate wax

True
False
False

The master cast for a denture is poured into which type of material?

a. Plaster
b. Type III yellow stone
c. Die Keen
d. White stone
b. Type III yellow stone
Patients should leave the old denture out of their mouth for 24 hours prior to the final
impression appointment.

True

False
True
The spacer wax should be removed from the impression tray prior to making the final
impression

True

False
True
Border seal related to what property of an acceptable impression?

-Retention
-Support
-Stability
Retention
The primary bearing area for the mandibular residual ridge is ______________
the crest of the residual ridge
What is the setting time for Impregum/Permadyne Polyether final impression material
used for Complete denture final impressions?
6 minutes
What are the proper proportions for lower final impression when using Polyether
material?
Impregum F and Permadyne (Polyethers) in a 1:2 ratio

What statistics show the need for complete dentures?

15% of americans over 55 are edentulous. Edentulism has declined 10% every decade.
BUT there has been a 79% increase in the adult population over 55.
What are clinical implications for training in complete dentures?
There is continued need of complete denture services. If training is eliminated from
dental education millions of patients will be forced to seek alternative providers for
denture services.
What are the treatment options for an edentulous patient?
Complete dentures
Implant supported removable denture
Implant supported fixed denture
Nothing (which some patients are not healthy enough to have any of these)
Fabrication of dentures use to be focused on? Nowadays it is focused on?
Function
Esthetics (but still keeping function in mind)
Glossary of prosthodontic terms: What is the definition of a complete dental prosthetics?
1. The replacement of natural teeth in the arch and their associated parts with artificial
substitutes.
2. The art and science of the restoration of an edentulous mouth.
Conventional denture technique: How many clinical appointments does it take to make
a complete denture for a patient? What are they?
5;
Evaluation (if you start the denture) and primary impression (alginate)
Master impression
Interocclusal records
Wax trial denture evaluation
Delivery

We need to know these in order to keep our patient informed with what process is next.
Conventional denture technique: How many laboratory process does it take to make a
complete denture for a patient? What are they?
4;
Fabricated primary cast and custom trays
Fabricated master cast and record base with our wax rim made on it.
Mount cast and fabricate wax trial denture by placing teeth in wax
Processing/fabricating the complete denture
What is the master cast used for?
To process the denture on.
What are interocclusal record for?
Helps us mount our master cast on an articulator.
In clinic when should lab work be signed off?
24hrs before an appointment. So if you mess up your lab work the patient doesn't have
to wait or leave.
What are the 4 things you should do in an examination? Where should this info be
included?
Look for pathology
Check their residual anatomy
Check for denture experience
Prognosis

In the subjective findings of the daily notes.

Where are most oral cancer located?
Lateral border of tongue and floor of the mouth and lips.
T/F: You should always tell your patient the procedure you are doing an why?
TRUE
When checking for pathology what are some things you should note?
Changes on color, texture, swelling.
If you detect an abnormality you should...
Determine the history of the lesion and if it has been around 2 weeks+ obtain a biopsy.
T/F: You should follow up to ensure a definitive diagnosis of the abnormality?
TRUE
T/F: It is not our job to teach our patients about the signs and symptoms of oral cancer?
FALSE, it is!
What should you do if the patient uses tobacco products?
Provide or refer counseling
What should you remove before starting any examinations?
Removable protheses
In an extraoral exam what are you looking for visually? When palpating?
Asymmetry, swelling, pigmentation

Facial lymph node and cervical lymph node abnormalities.

What are we looking for in an intraoral exam?
Early or incipient changes to the oral mucosa, throat, tongue. Look for red, white, or
mixed focal color changes. Also look for surface texture changes.
What are some different cancers we may see? If they have these do we make them a
denture?
Basal cell carcinoma, actinic kerotosis of lip, sqaumous cell carcinoma.

NO, send to pathology first.

What is the gold standard for radiographs for edentulous patients?
Panoramic.
What should we look for in panoramics as far as pathology goes (radiographic survey)?
Asymmetry
Irregular borders
Expansion
Root resorption
Widening of PDL
Displacement of teeth
What are somethings the residual anatomy can affect?
Stability
Support
Retention
Interocclusal restorative space
Esthetics
Occlusal scheme
Prognosis
What is the interocclusal restorative space?
The space between the mandible and maxillary ridge. Without a lot of space you may
not be able to get esthetically correct teeth or placement of teeth you want.
T/F: The residual anatomy does not change drastically?
FALSE, the residual anatomy has the potential to change drastically.
What are the pattern of resorption of the mandible and maxilla?
Mandible (LIMA):
Inferiorly, anteriorly, laterally

Maxilla (PMS):
Posteriorly, medially, superiorly
Maxilla absorbs to look like it is inside the _______.
Mandible
What are some things to consider when looking a residual anatomy?
-Bone height
-Bone width
-Bony protuberance (tori) or undercuts
-Soft tissue quality (inflamed vs healthy)
-Ridge motility (mobile ridge hard to make a denture on)
-Salivary production (the more medicines you are on the less saliva you make - less
suction)
-Maxillomandibular relationship (class II and III harder to construct denture)
-Muscle attachement
Explain the Prosthodontic Diagnosis Index for classifying completely edentulous
patients.
It goes from Class I (Good) to II (Fair) to III (Guarded) to IV (Poor). Not compromised to
compromised.

The diagnostic criteria is mandibular bone height, maxillomandibular relationship,

residual ridge morphology of maxilla, and muscle attachment.
Patient with no ridge, low saliva production, mobile tissue, etc is probably what class?
IV, their prognosis for wearing dentures and enjoying them is probably poor.
What are some things to look for when checking denture experience?
Stability, retention, esthetics, suction, fit, and wear. Write these problems down.
If the patient has never had a denture what can we base the prognosis on?
Residual anatomy and psychological considerations.
What is a primary (preliminary) impression?
Negative registration of entire denture bearing, stabilizing, and border seal area in the
edentulous mouth.
Whats the purpose of the primary impression?
To make a primary cast/diagnostic cast and to construct the master impression tray.
What can we use the primary cast/diagnostic cast for?
Anatomical considerations and Pre-prosthetic surgery (take to the oral surgeon to map
out where surgery will be)
What are some requirements for the alginate in a primary impression?
Oveextended, accurate, and surface detail.
When talking about extension in primary impressions, what is the definition of under-
extension?
Material did not adequately fill the vestibule. NEVER ACCEPTABLE!
Over-extended?
Material fills the vestibule to the extent that the labial tissues are reflected away from the
ridges. This is so we can have accurate view of what the tissues look like. WHAT WE
WANT IN A PRIMARY IMPRESSION!
Maximum extension?
Material fills the vestibule to physiological limits but doesn't reflect tissue away from
ridge. ACCEPTABLE!
Primary impressions are not to be used as the definitive impression for denture
construction. Why?
Overextended impression = overextended denture flanges and this is uncomfortable.
Always follow primary by a master impression.
What are the two types of material used for primary impressions?
Alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid)

Red cake (modeling compound)

What are the three types of trays?
Metal rim lock trays (DONT USE ADHESIVES)
Edentulous trays (if they don't fit in rim lock)
Stock trays (typically used for fixed procedures)
What do you need for appointment 1?
Exam kit
Rim lock trays
Alginate
Green bowl
Spatula
What is the technique of appointment 1?
Select tray
Modify if need (add wax)
Mix alginate
Insert tray from back to front
Hold lightly in position
Remove upon set
Disinfect
Pour immediately after disinfection
How do we select a tray and modify it?
Try it in for fit.
Modify by trimming, bending, adding wax, etc.
Add alginate adhesive to disposable trays only!
What is the timeline of irreversible hydrocolloid?
Mixing time (1m); use correct W/P ratio and correct time of mix.

Working time (2.5m from start); inject of swipe difficult to capture areas, seat back to
front, pull lip out and over tray.

Setting time (4.5m from start); hold tray until material sets and remove quick motion.

USE ROOM TEMP WATER!

What is an alginator?
Mechanical spatular that results in a less porous mix of alginate and increased surface
accuracy of impression and cast.
Where would we normally inject alginate?
Usually in posterior maxillary vestibule to prevent undercuts. But also in difficult to
capture areas.
Directions for insertion.
Patient relaxes
Rotate tray into position
Seat posterior first
Hold with LIGHT pressure
Pull lips out and over tray
When doing mandibular impressions what are should we watch out for?
Patient should lift tongue
After insertion, gently rest tongue
Dont gouge the retromolar pad
Have patient close without touching opposing arch
Upon translation; the distal extent of the mandible can be up to ______ wider.
4mm; this is why we tell them to close a little
What are some remake considerations for a primary impression?
Under-extended
Voids or poor surface quality
Tray show throughs
Tongue interference
Alginate separates from tray
Poor tray selection
What are primary support structures in the maxillary?
Palate and posterior ridge
Secondary support structures in maxillary?
Anterior ridge
Other support structures in the maxillary
Rugae
Tuberosity (end point of posterior ridge)
Canine eminence (bone buccal to canine before extraction)
Incisive papilla (over incisive foramen where nerve/bv exit)
Minor salivary glands (darker pink appearance)
What are some maxillary border structures?
Labial frenum and vestibule
Buccal frenum
Anterior buccal vestibule
Zygomaticoalveolar process (where zygoma inserts into maxilla)
Posterior buccal vestibule
Hamular notch (depressible tissue behind tuberosity)
Vibrating line (typically junction btwn hard and soft palate)
Posterior palatal seal area (anterior to vibrating line)
How do we find the posterior palatal seal?
First find the keratinized tissue of the posterior ridge. Find midline. Find hamular notch.
Find fovea palantini (duct of glandular tissue). The vibrating line will be at or just at the
fovea palatine). Find glandular tissue. The posterior palatal dal is between the vibrating
line and the fovea palantini.
What are the primary mandibular support structures?
Buccal shelf (buccal aspect of the posterior ridge)
Secondary mandibular support structures?
Retromolar pad and residual ridge
What makes up the retromolar pad?
Fibers of buccinator muscle, Pterygomandibular raphe, Superior constrictor muscle,
Temporal tendon, and Mucous glands.
What are the border structures of the mandible?
Labial frenum and vestibule
Buccal frenum and vestibule
Masseteric notch (where masseter inserts; makes s curve)
Retromolar pad
Retromylohyoid space
Mylohyoid space (mylohyoid inserts here)
Sublingual gland area
Lingual frenum
What are the steps for pouring a cast?
Rinse impression.
Disinfect for 10 minutes in unsealed plastic bag (alginate imbibes water DONT SEAL)
Pour immediately.
Use vacuum mixed type III stone.
Vibrate into impression (into palate and retromolar pad).
Do not distort your alginate by setting it down wrong (use an impression tree).
What type of stone do we use when making cast?
Type III (II has expansion and denture won't fit and IV won't be able to divest and
denture will probably break)
How long should we allow our first pour to set?
10 mins. Dont remove it from alginate. Keep tray above stone.
What do we do in lab?
Identify anatomy on primary cast.
Draw survey line in blue and red.
Identify undercuts and block them out.
Fabricate custom trays.
Identify additional suggested material.
Fill wax pot.
What does the BLUE line represent?
Depth of vestibule at maximum reflection.
What does RED line represent?
3mm shy of blue line (should be on bound down tissue). Proposed border of tray.
Red and blue lines converge where and cross what together?
At hamular notch and cross the vibrating line of the palate together.
Tray should be _____ away from frenum.
3mm
When in question err on the ______. You can always trim.
Longside
What is an undercut?
Anatomy below the height of contour in relationship to the path of placement. The
contour of a cross-sectional portion of a residual ridge that prevents the insertion of a
dental prosthesis.
Excessive block out creates a tray border ________.
Too far from the tissue. AVOID this!
After filling undercuts we should apply?
Separating agent
T/F? We HAVE to fill anterior undercuts completely?
FALSE; The path of insertion could be anterior instead of perpendicular. They can be
filled "some" but not all the way.
Where should the handles be on the custom tray?
3mm from the border and small. In a vertical direction. If not they could interfere with
master impression.
What are custom trays made out of?
Triad.
How long should we cure triad?
2m on cast and 2m off cast.
What are requirements for custom trays?
Smooth borders, adequate extension, and easy to remove.
Should we disinfect these trays?
Yes. They can mildew though.

Posterior denture teeth are available in anatomical and non-anatomical designs

True
Denture adhesive's are not needed with a well fitting dentures
True
On the mandibular, the major connector is a lingual bar
True
The artificial teeth secured into the denture can be made of either acrylic resin or
porcelain
True
The patient should have healthy alveolar ridges and an oral mucosa when being
considered for denture treatment
True
Photographs of patients showing the shape and shade of their teeth is helpful to the
dentist when selecting the artificial posterior teeth
False

All patients want perfect white teeth when they are receiving a full denture

False

parts of a complete denture

denture teeth
denture base
by the year 2020 approximately how many elderly adults will be edentulous in one or
both arches
30 million
the number of people who need complete dentures will __________ over the next 20
years
increase
basically even though the % of edentulous people decrease
the need for dentures will still go up because of the increase in number of people
increase in esthetic awareness has prompted
an increase in patient demand for quality removable prosthodontic restorative treatment
consequences of tooth loss
residual ridge resorption
changes in intraoral structures
decreased masticatory function
loss of facial support and muscle tonus
psycho-social effects
Residual Ridge Resorption
physiologic levels of tension results in apposition (such as that transmitted by loading
the PDL through natural dentition
non-physiologic compression results in
resportion
maxillary ridge resorption is in what direction
vertical and palatal direction
mandibular ridge resorption is in what direction
vertical and cross-sectional shape of mandible
maxillary loss is how much
0.1mm per year
which jaw has more resorption
mandible is 4x maxillary
changes in intraoral structures affect
vestibular attachments
compromise bearing surfaces
quality of support and stability
ability to manipulate dentures during function
philosophical patient
optimistic, cooperative, rational, and sensible
ideal patient
willing to rely on the dentists advice for diagnosis and treatment as well as follow advice
when advised to replace them
exacting patient
precise and meticulous
makes extreme and unreasonable demands of the dentist.
questions minute details of the denture
require excessive amount of time to satisfy demands
hysterical patient
excitable nervous excessively hypersensitive and often very pessimistic
dread dentistry
very difficult patient to deal with resulting in a poor prognosis
indifferent patient
apathetic uninterested uncooperative and lacks motivation
unwilling to follow instruction
treatment often fails
unfavorable prognosis
how age affects denture
indicator of patients ability to wear complete dentures. <50 adapt easier
how gender affects dentures
generally appearance is a higher priority for women than men
how race affects dentures
guide for characterizing the color and shade of denture base
how occupation affects denture
gives clue to the patients esthetic and functional demands
type i diabetes effect on dentures
compromised support and impaired tolerance of complete dentures
oral lichen planus effect on dentures
compromised support and tolerance of the mandibular dentures
pemphigoid lesions effect on dentures
limited denture extensions compromising support stability retention and tolerance of
complete denture
chronic candidiasis effect on dentures
tolerance of complete dentures difficult
treatment of chronic candidiasis on dentures
nystatin powder applied to undersurface of denture three times a day for 3-4 days and
reline or remake dentures
continued denture wear and irritation leads to
inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
secondary to ill-fitting max dentures and is sometimes complicated by chronic
candidiasis
retention
resistance to vertical displacement of the denture away from the denture bearing
surface during function
stability
resistance to lateral displacement of the denture during function
support
resistance to vertical forces of occlusion. factors of the bearing surface that resist or
absorb occlusal load during function
clinical factors influencing retention, stability, and support of complete dentures
quality of oral mucosa
alveolar ridge contour
interarch space
ridge relationship
xray exam
muscle attachment
saliva
assessment of existing dentures
what kind of mucosa offers better support
the more keratinized attached mucosa
especially in mucosa
why stop denture at mucogingival junction
as to not go onto the nonkeratinized mucosa
arch size will determine
amount of basal seat available for the denture foundation. more surface area more
support
ideal ridge form
high ridge with a flat crest
parallel or nearly parallel sides
maximum support and stability
horizontal stability to movement
square arch form
nice stability because of the angles
tapering arch
less support
best maxillary ridge and palatal vault form
square to gently rounded ridges and palatal vault
best mandibular ridge form
tall with rounded broad crest
can you put every patient in class I
no
if bone it too thin you risk
pathologic fracture just be loading the denture
frenums limit
denture extension or make seal difficult to maintain and occasionally affect the retention
of the maxillary dentire
favorable tongue position
improves stability and retention of mandibular denture
moving the tongue can
change the shape of the floor of the mouth and can pop the denture out
consequences of low salivary flow rates
compromised adhesion and cohesion of dentures
difficult to achieve and maintain peripheral seal of the max denture
primarily affects the mandibular denture bearing surfaces
results in more friction at the mucosa-denture interface as the mandibular denture slops
and slides over the denture bearing surface during function
preprosthetic surgery
surgical procedures designed to facilitate fabrication of prosthesis or to improve the
prognosis of prosthodontic care
true or false: it is often better to alter the denture rather than doing surgery
true
conditions that may require preprosthetic surgery
localized or generalized hyperplastic replacement of resorbed ridge
epulis fissuratum
papillomatosis
Unfavorable located frenular attachment
pendulous maxillary ridges
discrepancies in jaw size relationship
pressure on mental foramen
problems commonly encountered in complete denture treatment
hyperplastic ridge, epulis fissuratum, and papillomatosis
frenular attachments
overgrowth of max tuberosities
inadequate ridge height
tori
bony exostoses
testing maxillary denture retention
apply a tipping force to the incisors in an attempt to break seal
testing maxillary denture stability
apply unilateral force to posterior occlusal surface of denture
testing denture stability and retention of mandibular denture
alternately apply unilateral force to posterior occlusal surface
other names for combination syndrome
kelly syndrome
anterior hyperfunction syndrome
combination syndrome
the characteristic features that occur when an edentulous maxilla is opposed by natural
mandibular anterior teeth
features of combination syndrome
1. loss of bone from the anterior portion of the maxillary ridge (premaxillary region)
2. overgrowth of the tuberosity
3. papillary hyperplasia of hard palate
4. extrusion of the lower anterior teeth
5. loss of alveolar bone and ridge height beneath the mandibular RPD
6. loss of VDO
7. occlusal plane discrepancy
8. anterior spatial repositioning of the mandible
9. poor adaptation of prosthesis
10. epulis fissuratum
11. periodontal changes
sequence of events in combination syndrome
anterior max bone loss that does not support denture which causes the posterior ridge
to become larger with enlarged tuberosities which causes the occlusal plane in the back
to go down and go up in the front. excessive bony resorption under the lower RPD base
occurs to allow for the changes and the change in occlusal plane with allow for
hypereruption of the mand anterior teeth and the patient may have a loss of VDO
key to the other changes in combination syndrome
early loss of bone in the anterior part of the maxillary jaw
combination syndrome and anterior guideness
steep anterior guidance due to the deep overbite
combination syndrome during mastication
no contacts in working balancing or protrusive which results in dentures tipping
anteriorly compressing the mucoperiosteum of the premaxilla leading to resorption of
the bone of the premaxilla area
is edentulous mandible opposing a dentate maxilla combination syndrome?
no
measures to prevent or slow resportion
well adapted and properly extended dentures with properly designed and executed
occlusion
retention of residual tooth roots
osseointegrated implants
areas worth mentioning to the patient
individuality of patients
appearance with new dentures
mastication with new dentures
speaking with new dentures
life span of dentures
individuality of patients
dont compare their dentures to someone else
adjusting to dentures can take 6 months
appearance with new dentures
feel bulky and fullness of lips and cheeks at first
mastication with new dentures
less efficient
learning to chew takes at least 6-8 weeks
muscles must be trained
dont use anterior teeth to bite
speaking with new dentures
requires practice
may take a few weeks to adjust
practice lots
life span of dentures
with proper cleaning they last 5-7 years
require relining
final impression objectives
preservation
support
stability
esthetics
retention
preservation in final impression
pressure in the impression technique is reflected as pressure in the denture base and
results in soft tissue damage and bone resorption
support in the final impression
maximum coverage provides a snow shoe effect. surface orientation is important where
surface perpendicular to the load provide must better support than inclined planes
stability in the final impression
close adaption to the underlying mucosa is most important to limit the horizontal
movement of the denture
esthetics in the final impression
border thickness should be varied to restore facial contour and prepare lip support
retention in the final impression
contributing factors include atmospheric pressure adhesion, cohesion, mechanical
undercuts and neuromuscular control
primary bearing areas of support for maxillary complete denture
hard palate and tuberosities
secondary bearing areas of support for maxillary denture
residual ridge and rugae area
primary bearing areas of support for mandibular complete denture
buccal shelves and retromolar pads
secondary bearing area of support for mandibular complete denture
alveolar/residual ridges
selective pressure final impression technique
records selected tissues in a displaces (functional) position. secondary bearing areas
and the midpalatine sutures are relieved in order to capture them in a mucostatic phase.
wax covers the secondary bearing areas
mucostatic final impression technique
record all tissues in the undisplaced resting position. whole surface is covered with wax
we do this
sequence for making final impression
establish health
try in custom tray and adjust length
establish 3D contours by border molding
final impression with a light body material
how long should patients leave their dentures out before final impression appointment
48 to 72 hours
where should finger rests be when making a mandibular master impression
1st molar and 2nd premolar region
border molding
the shape of the border areas of an impression material by functional or manual
manipulation of the soft tissue adjacent to the borders to duplicate the contour and size
of the vestibule
border seal
the contact of the denture border with the underlying or adjacent tissues to prevent the
passage of air or other substances
border tissue movements
the action of the muscles and other tissues adjacent to the borders of a denture
when is the posterior palatal seal area molded
last
border molding procedure
1. heat the modeling compound over a flame
2. slowly soften the very end of the compound
3. try the tray then add compound
4. temper the compound to 140 and seat in mouth
5. evaluate form and thickness. repeat if necessary
6. proceed to next section
how to capture the maxillary tuberosity and coronoid process
instruct patients to pucker their lips, move side to side, open wide and smile
cut back of border molding
to create space for impression material and avoid excessive tissue displacement
sequence of maxillary border molding

masseteric notch
depression created on the DB area of an impression by the action or function of the
masseter muscle located distal to the buccinator muscle
what type of impression material do you use for final impression
light body PVS
advantages of PVS
ease of mixing
no odor
easy clean up
stable
disadvantages of PVS
expensive
not hydrophobic
excessive flow
how long for PVS to set
7-8 minutes
muscles that influence the marked maxillary border areas**
labial frenum; orbicularis oris; buccal frenum; buccinator muscle; coronoid
process/bulge
muscles that influence the marked mandibular border areas**
labial frenum; orbicularis oris; mentalis; bucaal frenumu; buccinator; masseter; lingual
frenum; mylohyoid
goals of complete denture occlusion
limit trauma to the supporting structures
preserve remaining structures
enhance stability of the dentures
restore esthetics, speech, and mastication
maxillary occlusal trim is always adjusted
prior to adjusting the mandibular wax occlusal rim
adjustments of wax rim is done to attain
lip support
incisal level and midline
occlusal plane
height of maxillary rim
22mm
height of mandibular rim
18mm
incisal level of central incisors are
1-2mm below the resting or low lip line
tooth support of the lip is
2/3 of the incisal labial surface of the anteriors
incisal edge of anterior teeth should meet the
wet-dry line of the lower lip when pronouncing fricative sounds (f and v)
max central incisors fall
8-10 mm anterior to the incisal papilla
in frontal view the occlusal plane should be
parallel to the interpupillary line
from sagital plane the occlusal plane should be
parallel to the ala-tragus line (campers line)
VDO
Vd when teeth are in contacr
VDR
VD with no tooth contact and jaw is in a rest position
Interocclusal rest space
also known as freeway space
VDR-VDO
IRS range
2-4 mm
Mechanical determination of VDO
preextraction records (xrays, facial measurements, and casts)
ridge relations
most used method to measure VDO
physiological rest position
Physiological determination of VDO
physiological rest position
phonetics (closest speaking space)
esthetics
swallow threshold
tactile sense and patient perceived comfort
closest speaking space
1 to 1.5 mm
closest speaking space technique
place wax rims in and have the patient say yes, mississippi, or count from 1 to 10 and
look for 1-1.5mm space
Vertical relation of the mandible and maxilla affects
esthetics
contour of the lips depends on
their intrinsic structure and the support behind them
swallowing threshold
position of the mandible at beginning of the swallowing act used as a guide to determine
VDO
what technique do we use here for VDO determining
combination of physiologic rest position verified by closest speaking space and check
esthetic profile
when are you ready to establish the occlusal vertical dimension
only after the max rim has been refined according to your landmarks
steps to establish vertical dimension
1. place patient in an upright position
2. place marks on top of nose and tip of chin
3. make sure chin is unstrained
4. insert maxillary record base
5. instruct patient to lick lips and swallow
6. mandible comes to rest position
7. measure distance between reference points
8. soft mand wax rim and temper in water bath
9. insert mand record base
10. have patient bite down on softened wax and repeat until patient is at previously
determined VDO position
freeway space
interocclusal rest space
distance between the occluding surfaces of the max and mand teeth when mand is in its
physiologic rest position
interocclusal rest space
static position
closest speaking spae
functional position
inadequate interocclusal rest space
excessive VDO
problems with insufficient IRS
clicking of teeth, facial distortion, difficulty swallowing and closing lips, soreness and
discomfort under denture
problems with excessive IRS
reduced interarch distance
damaging to TMJ
tongue space limited
facial distortion
muscles loose their tonicity
angular cheilitis
centric relation
max-mand relationship in which the condyles articulate in the most anterior super
position
centric relation is considered to be
constant and reproducible
is CR independent of tooth contact
yes
centric occlusion
occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in centric relation
what percent have same CR and ICP
10%
centric occlusion when teeth are present is a
tooth-to-tooth relation
centric relation is a
bone to bone relation
procedure in determining the horizontal jaw relationship
1. seat max and mand record bases making sure VDO is correct
2. retrude mandible to seat condyles in anterior superior position
3. score markers on the rim to identify midline and the position of the canines. repeat 3
times to make sure its the same
4.
midline
follow the facial midline or the midsagittal plane of the face
canine position
cusp tips fall under the lateral border of the ala of the nose
recording the horizontal jaw relationship
1. remove the rims from the mouth and score line 5-7mm distal to canine markers. acts
as wax stop and maintain VDO
2. create a clearance of at least 2 mm posterior to the most distal line (take away from
mand rim)
3. cut triangular notch on the distal to serve as repositioning mechanisms for registration
material
4. vasoline max wax base
5. prepare interocclusal recording or registration material (heat and roll wax)
6. place wax pieces 2-3 mm shy of most distal bard to decrease chance of altering VDO
7. guide the patient to bite in centric
types of registration material
wax
impressioin compound
advantages of wax registration material
short working time
disadvantages of wax registration material
easily distorted
advantages of impression compound
very stable
disadvantages of impression compound
longer working time
brittle
mounting the casts
1. facebow with mac record base seated in patients mouth
2. secure facebow to articulator
3. secure the cast on the facebow and mount with stone
4. invert articulator and position mand cast with record base
as mandible moves forward in protrusive excursion condyles move
down and forward
as mandible moves laterally to one side the condyle on the opposite side moves
downward, forward, and inward
christensen's phenomenon
downward movements of the posterior part of the mandible have the effect of moving
the mandibular teeth downward, creating space between them and the maxillary
posterior teeth or between occlusion rims
recording the eccentric jaw relationships (protrusive record)
1. registration or regular baseplate wax is softened and rolled to a thickness of 10mm
2. wax is positioned on top of the mand occlusal rim or set teeth
3. the patient is guided in protruding the mandible a minimum of 6mm
4. patient is then asked to close/bite at this position only until a record index is
established on the interocclusal wax
established condylar guidance/inclination
protrusivee record in uniform contact with wax rims
anterior teeth are primarily selected to
satisfy esthetic requirements
posterior teeth are primarily selectec to
satisfy masticatory requiremens/ occlusion
main things to look for in anterior teeth selection
tooth and gingival shade
tooth size
tooth mold form
steps in anterior tooth selection
1. listen to the patient
2. obtain records of existing and previous teeth
3. have good lighting for tooth shade matching (north facing window and operatory have
color-corrected lighting)
4. shade selection
5. tooth size selection
6. tooth mold selection
7. select teeth
tooth length determining
1. seat max wax rim
2. ask patient to smile big
3. score line on wax rim at upper smile line (high lip line)
tooth width selection
use the alar marks. measure and add 6mm for distal halves of canines. gives rough
estimate of total width of 6 anterior teeth
relatively small teeth if less than
48mm
relatively large teeth is more than
52mm
other ways to select tooth sizes
biometric ratio
golden proportion
biometruc ratio
1:16
length of max incisor to rest of the face
golden proportion
central incisor is 1.681 times wider than lateral incisor
tooth mold selection
square for bold effects
tapering
ovoid for softened appearance
personality tooth
maxillary lateral incisor
mand anterior teeth direction of force
vertical towards the crest of the ridge while maintaining the buccal tilt of the tooth
how are class III mand teeth set
lingual tilt to achieve an edge to edge relationship
considerations of max anterior teeth placement
pattern of ridge resorption
phenoetics
average values
smile line
max occlusal rim
denture stability of mand anterior teeth placement
labial surfaces must not protrude beyond labial vestibule
impressions and esthetics
proper support of the cheeks and lips is obtained with correctly molded impressions
occlusal plane and esthetics
teeth should gradually rise along the occlusal plane towards the back to give an
impression of distance
in class III set anterior teeth
edge to edge
what type of flare can max centrals have
distal flare. No mesial flare
what type of flare can max laterals have
mesial (more feminine) and lateral
inclination of max canine
slightly distal
never straight or mesial
what type of flare can max canine have
mesial
anterior try in appointment checks
esthetics and speech functions
rechecks VDO and CR
natural occlusion ideally exhibits
bilateral posterior contacts in ICP
anterior guidance
mutually protected scheme or canine guidance
complete denture occlusion ideally has
bilateral posterior centric contact
bilateral eccentric contact
non-balances monoplane occlusion
to ensure CD bilateral balance an
anterior posterior curve is placed in the arch which is an analog to curve of spee and
mesio-laterial curve is placed as analog to curve of wilson
do curve of spee and wilson occur in CD
NO natural dentition only
curve of spee and wilsons name in CD
compensating curve
fundamental difference of natural and complete denture occlusion
sensory feedback
derivation of retention, stability, support
reaction of supporting structures to mastication forces
Hanaus quint
condylar inclination
incisal guidance
occlusal plane inclination
cuspal inclination
compensating curve
theilmans formula
Balanced Occlusion= (condylar inclination X incisal guidance)/ (occlusal plane X cuspal
inclination X compensating curve)
if incisal guidance is increased
posterior teeth will disclude
increased in incisal guidance can be compensated for by increasing
occlusal plane, cuspal inclination or compensating curve
if posterior teeth disclude can be compensated by
increasing occlusal plane or compensating curve of adding a balancing ramp
balancing ramp provide
posterior contact in eccentric position
what one factor does the dentist have no control over
condylar inclination
incisal guidance should be
minimized to reduce horizontal forces of occlusion
best to use what cuspal inclination
reduced to help reduce horizontal forces of occlusion
poorer the record base stability
the less cusp height is indicated
patients with poor neuromuscular control
monoplane occlusal schemes
chronic bruxers and grinders
monoplane occlusal schemes
non-anatomic teeth and set-up indication
poor residual ridges
poor neuromuscular control
centric relation is non-reproducible
arch discrepancies
advantages of non-anatomic teeth and set up
reduce horizontal forces
freedom of movement
disadvantages of non-anatomic teeth and set up
no vertical component to aid in shearing
anatomic/semi-anatomical teeth and set-up indications
good residual ridges
proper adapt to centric relation
CLass I
when lingualized occlusion is desired
advantages of anatomic/semi-anatomical teeth and set-up
definitive ICP
good esthetics
disadvantages of anatomic/semi-anatomical teeth and set-up
hard to set
indications of lingualized tooth set-up
high esthetic demand
severe mandibular ridge atrophy
CR is non-reproducible
malocclusion
advantages of Lingualized tooth set-up
good esthetics
bilateral balance
why set mandibular posterior before maxillary
better control of orientation of the plane of occlusion
height of mand occlusion plane is determined by
position of incisal edges of anterior teeth and 1/2 up retromolar pad
posterior references (retromolar pads) will place
the overall plane at a level that is familiar to the tongue
changing height of occlusal plane will interfere with
normal tongue action adversely affecting denture base stability
bucco-lingual position of posterior teeth
occupy the neutral zone.
space between the cheeks and the tongue. along a line through tip of canine to middle
of retromolar pad
placing mand posterior teeth too far in lateral direction
obstructs the tongue from reaching over to gather or scoop food out from vestibular
spaces
placing mand posterior teeth too far in mesial direction
will cause dislodgement as tongue attempts to reach over the teeth
distal extend of mand posterior teeth
not placed on ascending part of pad
forces directed at ________________ to the supporting tissues are more stabilizing
than forces at an inclined plane
right angle
which cast do you remount to make a new centric relation record
remount the mandibular cast
why fabricate remount jig
to preserve the original face bow mounting
Stages of denture processing
flasking
boil-out
packing the mold
curing
deflasking
flasking
dental stone is used to invest the dentures and create the mold within the flask
boil-out
flask in placed in tank for 4-6 minutes to heat and soften the wax. wax is removed and
discarded
packing the mold
acrylic resin dough is packed in the mold. it is put under pressure
curing
processed for 9 hours in cooling bath of water at 165 degree F
deflasking
separate denture from stone mold
injection method vs pressurized method
differ in the packing the mold stage
purpose of lab remount
correct errors in occlusion that have occurred during processing
equilibration sequence
Check VDO and CR
Check Balancing in lateral
Check balancing in protrusive
adjusting centric occlusion
grind central grooves, marginal ridges, inclines, and embrasures
NO CUSP TIPS
should you use a bur on intaglio surface
no
do you polish intaglio surface
no
purpose of clinical remount cast
provide casts with which to mount the clinical remount records
denture delivery
1. evaluate and adjust denture base
2. evaluate and adjust denture borders
3. remount in CR
4. preform occlusal equilibration in centrc and lateral excursion
6. patient instructions
when is the only time you can use a bur on the intaglio surface
adjust areas that burn through
main reason for clinical remount
to correct errors in occlusion or occlusal disharmony that could have been produced in
any phase or step of denture construction
sore spot in vesible
overextended borders
sore spots posterior limit of max denture base
PPS too deep
sharp posterior palatal seal
overextensions
localized sore spot over the ridge
malocclusion in that area
inaccurate denture base
blebs/tags on intaglio surface
generalized soreness over the ridge
vertical dimensions too great
inaccurate denture base
soreness under the lingual flange of mandibular denture
ideal ICP not in harmony with CR
soreness under labial flange of mand denture
excessive overbite
patient habit
overextended labial flange
most common frenum to be irriated
anterior max
reline
resurface the tissues side
rebase
replacing the entire denture base
indications for relining or rebasing
when residual ridges have resorbed and/or adaption of denture is poor
denture movement or rocking
finances
physical limitations
rebase indications
loss of retention and stability
loss of VDO
loss of support for facial tissues
horizontal shift for facial tissues
reorientation of occlusal plane
which is more common reline or rebase?
reline
soft reline purpose
absorb some of the energy produced by masticatory impact
heat activated reliners
long-term soft liners
hard reline materials
lab-processed heat cured acrylic
cold or auto-cure acrylic
visible-light cure
uses of temporary soft reline material
treating abused tissues
trial liner
reline impression material
soft reline material
temporary soft reline material
permanent soft reline material
indications for permanent soft reline material
mand dentures only
chronic soreness
bruxers
no attached gingiva
poor ridge height
contraindications of permanent soft reline
poor oral hygiene
xerostomia
must be replaced frequently
reline impressions can be achieved by:
1. static impression technique (closed and open mouth reline)
2. functional impression
3. chair side technique
closed mouth reline
dentures used as impression tray
light body PVS
patient closes in the position that the dentist thinks is appropriate
denture sent to lab for processing
open mouth reline
dentures used as impression tray
light body PVS
dentures individually help in place by dentist one at a time
denture sent to the lab for processing
functional impression technique
tissue conditioners as impression materials
linear is placed inside denture
mand in MIP
patient wears for 1-2 weeks which shapes or molds lining during function then sent to
lab
Chairside technique
reline done chairside
uses cold-cure acrylic resin, light cured material or silicone-based material
not really recommended
what technique do patients never have to be without the denture
chairside
which arch reline first if both required
less stable one
steps for denture reline
undercuts relieved and borders reduced. PPS reduced
border molding
reline impression
relining vs rebasing
clinical procedures are the same
differences occur in lab procedures
contraindications of immediate dentures
patients in poor general health or are uncooperative
Conventional immediate dentures
Two stage extractions (posterior teeth, heal, anterior teeth)
plafed immediately after extraction of natural teeth but is refitted or relined after healing
to later serve as a definitive long-term prosthesis
Interim immediate denture
one stage extraction (all the teeth)
places immediately after extraction
used for a limited period of time
patient will have 2 sets of dentures
advantages of immediate dentures
maintenance of patients appearance, muscle ton, VDO, jaw relationship. protection of
extraction sites; patient adapts easier to dentures
advantages of CID
better initial retention and stability
easier surgical sessions
overall cost is less
advantages of IID
2 dentures result
one surgical visit
less chair time
better for complex treatment plans
disadvantages of immediate dentures
anterior undercuts can interfere with the impression
incorrect recording of CR and VDO
no try-in
not as accurate of a fit
we do what for immediate dentures
treatment plan patients for IID but use CID sequencing
treatment sequence for clinical/lab procedure for ALL IID
Stage 1 surgery
wait 4-6 weeks
prelim impressions
final impressions
facebow, jaw relations,
posterior try in
stage 2 surgery
deliver interim immediate denture
stage 1 surgery
remove all posterior teeth except 1st pm as vertical stop
prelim impression
alginate in stock trays
final impression
light body PVS
custom tray
two phase impression
when retained teeth exhibit moderate mobility
retaining roots underneath complete dentures help reduce the impact of some of the
complete denture-wearing consequences like
residual ridge resorption
loss of occlusal stability
undermined esthetic appearance
compromised masticatory function
advantages of overdentures
maintenance of more residual ridge integrity
denture support stability and retention may be enhanced
horizontal and torque forces are minimized
disadvantages of overdenture
patient OHI critical
success depends on patients OHI
interarch space availability
costs increased
Indication for overdenture
patients with few remaining health teeth
patients diagnoses with mutilated or severely compromised dentitions
younger patients
when max conventional denture will be opposed by mand anterior teeth
containdications for overdenture
no finances
mentally or physically handicapped
critical factors that influence selection of abutment teeth
perio status
mobility
location (canines and pms best)
endo and prosth
main rules in preparing abutment teeth
maximum reduction of coronal portion of tooth for better crown to root ratio
provide dome-shapes configuration to stimulate as many oblique PDL fibers as possible
noncoping abutments
bare or unprotected abutments. most require endo therapy then amalgam or composite.
least expensive
abutments with copings
cast metal copings with dome shaped surfaces with a chamfer margin
may require endo if short
indication if contact between abutment and opposing teeth
abutments with attachments
attachments either cemented directly onto tooth or casts
improves fixation and/or retention of denture base
most demanding oral hygiene
sequence of treatment for conventional complete overdenture
perio therapy of abutment teeth
endo therapy of abutment teeth
abutment teeth prep
CD construction
frequently encountered problems
unfavorable gingival response around abutment teeth caused by poor OH or movement
of denture base or excess space in prosthesis
sequence of treatment for immediate complete overdenture
stage 1 extractions
perio
endo
immediate denture construction
prepare abutment teeth
stage 2 extraction
denture delivery
after 5 to 6 years what percent of abutment teeth supporting overdentures are lost and
why
10%
perio disease (70%)
caries (25%)
endo (5%)
subperiosteal implant
used on either arch
placed under gingival flap in direct contact with bone with posts projecting through
mucosa
low survival rate
transosteal implant
transverse entire mandible
high survival rate but difficult procedure
endosseous blade
inserted into groove made in bone
under 50% success
Ramus frame
anchoring in ramus bilaterally and symphysis
low success rate
root form
improved bone attachment
implant assisted complete overdenture
shared support. prosthesis and implant faciliate retention and stability
implant supported complete overdenture
all forces of occlusion are borne by implants
most effective clinical examination indicator of denture retention and stability are
floor of the mouth posture and tongue position
treatment planning for implant overdenture criteria
alveolar ridge resorption
amount of keratinized attached mucosa
oral compliance
esthetics
cost
patient preference
more resorption
implant supported over denture
less resorption
implant assisted over denture
less keratinized tissue around implants
implant assisted over denture
more keratinized tissue around implants
implant supported over denture
poor oral hygiene
implant assisted overdenture
good oral hygiene
implant supported overdenture
more esthetics
implant assisted overdenture
less esthetics
implant supported overdenture
costs more
implant supported overdenture
costs less
implant assisted overdenture
more preferred by patient
implant supported overdenture
less preferred by patient
implant assisted overdenture
why implant assisted overdenture of UDM
most efficient use of patient funds
very predictable
success rate are high
individual abutments of overdentures
implants positioned anteriorly
reasonably parallel to one another
properly extended denture
advantages of individual abutments
allow for free rotation around a plane
distribute occlusal forces in most favorable manner
minimize risk of failure
disadvantages
more retention with bar clip system
each implant exposed to lateral torquing force
bone quality requirements for implant assisted complete overdenture
minimum height of 10 mm
minimum BL width of 7
implant dimension requirements for implant assisted complete overdenture
height of 6-8 mm
diameter 3.75-4 mm
implant positioning requirements for implant assisted complete overdenture
most ideal sites are generally in canine region 15-17mm apart
interocclusal space requirements for implant assisted complete overdenture
minimum of 15-18 mm
keratinized mucosa requirements for implant assisted complete overdenture
abundance is recommended
implant retained complete mandibular overdenture treatment sequence
1. fabricate CD
2. have lab fabricate CD in clear acrylic for surgical guide
3. surgical placement of implants and wait for osseointegration (4-6 months)
4. place healing abutments
5. recall patient to measure sulcus depth from free gingival margin to implant platform
6. install retaining abutments and pick-up abutment housing onto existing CD to convert
into implant retained complete overdenture

T/F the size and position of the buccal shelf is very relative to the degree of alveolar ridge
resorption

True

T/F the bone beneath the retromolar pad resorbs secondary to the pressure associated with denture
use

False

True or False:
Because the mandibular edentulous ridge usually manifests a greater amount of
resorption, mandibular denture corrections are made first.
True (Sprigg)
True or False:
The early placing of a denture on bone is most important in restoring function, and is the
best method of preserving a ridge
True (Kelly)
True or False:
Older epulis fissuratum lesions tend to recur when excised
True (Kelly)
Fricative or labiodental sounds f v ph
Formed between maxillary incisors contacting wet dry lip line of mandibular lip, these
sounds help determine the position of incisal edge of maxillary anterior teeth
Linguoalveolar sounds or sibilant s z sh ch and j
Made with the tip of tongue and the most anterior part of the palate or lingual surface of
the teeth,these sound help determine the vertical length and overlap of the anterior
teeth.
whistling sound
Is indicative of having a posterior dental arch form that is too narrow or high
Linguodental sounds this that and those
The tip of the tongue should protrude slightly between the maxillary and mandibular
anterior teeth, this sound help to determine the labiolingual position of anterior teeth
B, P And M
Made by contact of lips , insufficient lip support by the teeth or labial flange can affect
the production of these sounds.
S sound it sounds like TH
Incisor teeth are set too far palatally or palate is made too thick
To evaluate vertical diemnntion
Have the patient pronounce the S sound, the interincisal separation should be 1 to 1.5
known as closest speaking space
T tend to sound like D
The teeth position too far lingually
D sound more like T
The teeth positioned too far labially
Clicking teeth
Increase occlusal vertical dimension
Whistling when patient speak with dentures
Vertical overlap is not enough
Horizontal overlap is too much
The area palatal to incisors is improperly contoured( too high or too narrow)
True or false instruct the patient to leave out their dentures for 24 hours prior to the final
impression appointment
True
True or false the vibrating line is anterior to the fovea palatini
True
what type of hydrocolloid is alginate?
irreversible hydrocolloid
what type of hydrocolloid is agar?
reversible hydrocolloid
list the two types of hydrocolloid materials?
irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate)
reversible hydrocolloid (agar)
list elastomeric materials?
Polysulfide-rubber base
Polyether
Silicone
Polysiloxane (polyvinyl siloxane)
List the Inelastic Impression materials?
Impression plaster
Impression and tray compound
Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) metallic oxide paste
is an accurate detailed negative reproduction or mold of the patients teeth and
surrounding tissues of the mouth?
impression
is an impression a negative or positive reproduction?
A negative reproduction
impression material is placed into an impression tray and seated into the patients mouth
until it?
sets up or hardens
after a tray is set up how is the tray removed from the patients mouth?
with a snap to avoid distortion of the impression
------used for orthodontics and consultation appointments. Pour with lab or model
plaster.
Study model
-------used for fabricating dentures, partial dentures, bleaching trays,retainers and
custom trays. Pour with class I stone.
Working casts
-------Exact reproduction of a tooth or teeth which has been prepared for a crown,
bridge, inlay or onlay. Pour with calss II stone.
Die
Depressed lines found on the occlusal surfaces of impressions?
Developmental Grooves
The lines marking where the gingiva attaches to the tooth?
Gingival margins
should their be drags or folds in an impression?
no!
defect in the impression caused by movement?
Drags
defect in the impression caused by the material which has been painted on the occlusal
surfaces setting up before the tray material?
Folds
Should an impression have a pleasant taste?
yes because a patient must tolerate it in their mouth
should an impression have a pleasant taste odor and color?
Yes!
impression material must be compatible with?
gypsum products (Plaster, Class I Stone, Class II Stone)
-----The measurement of time the manufacturer specifies that a material should be
mixed.
Mixing time
-----The measure of time that allows for mixing the alginate, loading tray, and
poisitioning the tray in the patients mouth?
Working time
-----The measure of time from the beginning of the mix until the material is completely
set.
Setting time
-------an impression
negative reproduction
-----Impression poured with a gypsum product; study models, working cast and die or
master cast
Positive reproduction
-----The reaction that takes place and changes the state of a material when it is
subjected to temperature changes
Physical/ Thermal reaction
----The reaction that takes place and changes the state of the material when it is mixed
with another medium
Chemical reaction
It would be virtually impossible to preform high quality restorative dentistry without?
Impression Materials
Does an impression need to be dimensionally stable?
hydrocolloids are not dimensionally stable but do allow time for a positive replication to
be made in die stone or some other material so must pour material gypsum into
impression right away (Ideally within one hour)
Who can take preliminary impressions?
The DDS or LDA
What are preliminary impressions used for?
to create a reproduction of the teeth and surrounding tissues
Diagnostic models
Custom Trays
Provisional Coverage
Orthodontic appliances
Pretreatment and Postreatment records
what type of impressions are used to create a reproduction of the teeth and surrounding
tissues?
Preliminary impressions
who can take final impressions?
DDS
what type of impressions are used to produce the most accurate reproduction of teeth
and surrounding tissue?
Final Impressions
What are final impressions used for?
used to produce the most accurate reproduction of teeth and surrounding tissue
Indirect restorations
partial dentures
full dentures
implants
who can take bite registrations?
the DDS or LDA
what is used to produce a reproduction of the occlusal relationship of the maxillary and
mandibular teeth when the mouth is occluded?
Bite registraitons
what types of impression trays can be used with alginate impression material?
Metal perforated trays, plastic perforated trays, and disposable styrofoam trays
what types of impression trays can be used with agar impression material?
Metal water cooled tray (Rim-locked tray), bite registration tray, triple tray, metal rimless
edentulous, custom tray
what types of adhesives are added to trays?
specific adhesives are used with specific impression materials
VPS adhesives
Rubber base adhesives
Silicone adhesives
does adhesive have to be dry or wet before impression material is added to the tray?
dry
can alginate be taken on dentulous or edentulous patients?
yes!
what material is more detailed agar or alginate?
agar
are hydrocolloids dimensionally stable?
No! so must pour positive models in same day quickly to get good results
----loss of water which causes material to shrink and distort?
Syneresis
what is syneresis caused by?
exposing impression material to air for an extended period of time causing it to lose
water and shrink and distort
-----Uptake of water which causes material to expand?
Imbibition
what is Imbibition caused by?
exposing material to water for an extended period of time which causes material to
expand
What should be done if it is not possible to pour gypsum into impression immediately
like one should?
to prevent distortion wrap with a damp paper towel and store in a humidor= 100% humid
container
----100% humid container
humidor
What are the ingredients in irreversible hydrocolloid (Alginate)?
potassium alginate-seaweed
Calcium alginate-causes it to gel
Zinc Oxide-Adds bulk to material
---alginate in a liquid or semi-liquid form
sol (Solution) phase
---alginate in a semisolid form
gel (solid) phase
is alginate dimensionally stable?
No because of syneresis or imbibition
is alginate as accurate as hydrocolloid and elastomeric materials?
no! not as accurate
What happens if the alginate material is to viscous?
It will cause the patients tissue to be displaced
what does viscous mean?
thick
what will increasing the amount of water do to alginate?
decrease the viscosity and strength causing impression to distort
A colder temp will cause alginate to?
be runnier or decrease viscosity
extending or increasing the working time or setting time of alginate
list the equipment needed to mix and pour alginate?
flexible rubber bowl, alginate spatula, powder scoop, water vial, water, alginate powder,
alginate tray
what are some brand names of alginate?
Coe Alginate, Jeltrate, Super-gel
why does an alginate can need to be flushed?
to mix contents of ingredients if indicated by the manufacturer
mix water and alginate powder together how?
using a figure eight motion with spatula should be smooth and creamy a homogenous
mixture
what will under mixing alginate cause?
grainy mix, impression will have poor detail, air bubbles
what will over mixing alginate cause?
material will be too runny
how many motions should it take to load the alginate onto the tray?
one motion
how should one load the maxillary tray?
load the maxillary from the posterior of the tray
how should one load the mandibular and quadrant tray?
load the mandibular tray and quadrant tray from the lingual of the tray
remove the impression from the patients mouth after it has?
set. remove with with a quick snap motion
warmer water does what to alginate setting time?
decrease, accelerate or speed the setting time
what is the best method used for changing alginate setting time?
change the temperature of the water
what temperature water is ideally the best for use in mixing alginate?
room temperature water ( about 68 degrees)
mixing faster does what to alginate setting time?
increases setting time
mixing slower does what to alginate setting time?
decreases setting time
more water does what to alginate setting time?
increases setting time
Less water does what to alginate setting time?
decreases setting time
an accelerator does what to alginate setting time?
increases setting time
an retarder does what to alginate setting time?
decreases setting time
what do manufacturers do to change the setting time of alginate?
add an accelerator or retarder to their alginate product
Higher temp and humidity does what to alginate setting time?
decreases setting time
Cooler temp and humidity does what to alginate setting time?
increases setting time
what type of reaction is alginate?
A chemical setting reaction
Hydrocolloid solutions that change physical states from a sol to a gel then back to a sol
are called?
reversible hydrocolloids (Agar)
What causes a reversible hydrocolloid to transform from one physical state to another?
A change in temperature
What are the ingredients in agar (reversible hydrocolloid)?
Agar-Seaweed
Water-makes up 85% of agar
fillers, coloring agents and borax (used to increase strength)
what are the different types of agar?
Tray material
Syringe material
the type of agar that is packaged in plastic tubes?
Tray material
the type of agar that is available in tray or stick form?
Syringe material
each tube of tray material agar has enough agar to fill?
a full arch
what is more viscous tray material agar or syringe material agar?
tray material agar is more viscous
syringe material agar is less viscous
when does the gel state of agar turn into the sol state?
when the agar is heated the gel turns to sol
what state is the gel agar in?
the firm hardened state
what state is the sol agar in?
the soft flowing state
what is another name for the setting time of agar?
gelatin time
what is the setting time (gelatin time) of agar?
5 minutes
what equipment is needed to make agar?
Hydrocolloid conditioning unit, water cooled rim lock trays, tray hoses, hydrocolloid
syringe or Leur-lock syringe
what are the parts in a hydrocolloid conditioning unit?
boiling tank, storage tank, tempering or conditioning tank
what is the temp and time of the hydrocolloid boiling tank?
temp= 212 degrees
time= 10 minutes
what is the temp and time of the hydrocolloid storage tank?
temp= 150 degrees
time= 10 minutes and no more than 48 hours
what is the temp and time of the hydrocolloid storage tank?
temp= 110 degrees
time= 8-10 minutes and no more than 15 minutes
what is the purpose of tempering?
increases the viscosity of the tray
should syringe material be tempered?
no
what should an impression be rinsed with?
2% potassium sulfate to prevent a chalky surface on the die
what are the brand names of Agar?
Surgident
Van-R
---caused when syringe material begins to cool and gel before the tray material is
seated?
Folds
----Caused by moving the tray in the patients mouth before it reaches its final set
Drags
What causes a grainy impression?
insufficient boiling, keeping the storage temp too low, keeping the material too long in
the conditioner
agar has what kind of reaction?
physical/thermal setting reaction
Preliminary Impression
a negative likeness made for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment planing or the
fabrication of a tray
Preliminary Impressions do 3 things:
1. capture all intraoral landmarks (retromolar pads, retromylohyoid space, hamular
notches)
2. capture 3D contoures of the vestibular borders
3. foundation for custom tray
stock trays and the bad thing about them:
can result in distortion and shortening of the final denture flange
custom trays do what:
required to accurately register the moveable mucosa, and create a seal for retention
what do rim locks do in a stock tray?
allow for the material to be locked in my mechanical retention
what is rope wax used for in clinic?
to extend stock trays
what is alginate?
an irreversible hydrocolloid, changes from sol to gel state and cant be reliquified
what are the pros to pre-weighed pouches of alginate?
easier dispensing and minimizes contamination
how must you store bulk material of aliginate?
in cool dry airtight containers
when does alginate deteriorate?
if stored above 54 degrees C or if repeated openings
when alginate deteriorates, what happens?
get a thin mixture, reduced strength and permanent deformation
Irreversible hydrocolloid chemical equation:
potassium alginate + calcium sulfate dihydrate --> (add water) --> calcium alginate gel +
potassium sulfate (insoluble elastic gel)
contents of alginate: 5 things
1. diatomaceous earth or silicate powder
2. small percent glycols
3. wintergreen or peppermind
4. pigments
5. disinfectants
what is the diatomaceous earth/silicate powder used for in alginate?
controls the consistenc of the mixed alginate and flexibility of the set impression
alginate working time:
1.25-4.5 mins
alginate setting time:
1.5-5mins
alginate flexibility:
8-15%
alginate compressive strength:
5000-9000 g/cm^2
alginate tear strength:
380-700 g/cm^2
decreasing water temperature of alginate does what to the setting time?
it increases it
a 10 degree celcius drop in temperature does what to the setting time?
doubles the setting time
the powder liquid ratio affects what about alginate?
the strength and accuracy
why do we use distilled water when mixing alginate?
we dont want the mineral content
by what process does alginate lose water?
evaporation
what does alginate do when standing in air?
it shrinks
how accurate is alginate if it sits on the bench for 30 mins?
completely inaccurate
how accurate is alginate if it sits 30min in a water bath?
inaccurate
how long do you have to pour the impression?
15mins
what do you need to do immediately after you take the impression but before you pour
it?
wrap in paper towels, place it in a bag (100% humid)
what happens if you leave the impression in contact with gypsum for several hours?
will have degredation of both materials, surface of cast will be chalky
what specifically in the gypsum degrades the cast?
Exudate (calcium sulfate dihydrate) degrades the cast
Advantages of alginate? 7 things
1. cheap
2. easy to manipulate
3. pleasant tasting
4. able to displace fluids (blood and saliva)
5. hydrophillic
6. easily poured in stone
7. can be used with stock trays
Disadvantages of alginate? 5
1. tears easily
2. must be poured immediately
3. limited detail reproduction
4. dimensionally unstable
5. can only be used for single casts
how much clearance with soft tissues do you need when you select a tray to use for
alginate impressions?
5mm
why do hydrocolloids require bulk?
for accuracy, strength and stability
how far back posteriorly should maxillary trays go?
slightly beyond the vibrating line
how far back posteriorly should the mandibular tray go?
should cover the retromolar pads
why do you want a stock tray to be slightly short in the flanges?
to avoid distortion of the vestibules
how can you modify the tray to extend it?
use wax or compound
can a patients existing denture be used as a guide to help select a correct size tray?
yes
what is the purpose of border molding with rope wax in a prelim impression?
to refine the shapes of the edges
is the alginate adhesive universal or is there s specific adhesive for each type of
impression material?
there is a specific adhesive for each time of impression material
is adhesive needed for a perforate rim lock tray?
no
what kind of tissue must the denture border terminate on in the posterior maxilla? why?
soft displaceable tissue, provides comfort and retention.
on the skull, where is the hamular notch located?
between the bony tuberosit and the hamulus
is the actual position of the hamular notch anterior or posterior to where you visual
determine where it is?
posterior
do you use the fovea palatini to mark the vibrating line?
no
at what point in the denture making process do you locate the posterior extent/vibrating
line?
prior to making the prelim and final impressions
what happens if the denture terminates anteriorly to the vibrating line?
you get a poor seal
what happens if the denture terminates posteriorly?
the soft palate may cause it to dislodge
why do you wet the rubber mixing bowl before preparing alginate?
because the rubber will be dehydrated and will soak up some of the water needed for
the impression
how long should you mix alginate for?
45 seconds
should you wet the surface of the alginate impression before putting it in the patients
mouth? why?
No, adding water to the surface will change the properties of the material at the most
critical area
when inserting the tray in the patients mouth, should you seat the posterior or anterior
first?
posterior or anterior. its your preferene
for a preliminary impression, what kind of pour technique do you use?
2 stage pour
before inverting the impression on the patty of stone, what should the stone look like?
needs to have an initial set and not be glossy
how big of a border should you have around your prelim cast?
4-5mm
how high should the base be?
no more than 1/2 inch from the palatal vault in maxillary and the lingual sulcus in the
mandibular
what motions should you use on the vibrator when pouring a model?
a tilting and pressing technique
trim the base of the model to be parallel with what?
the residual ridges

negative reproduction
Impression

positive reproduction
Model
taken by an EFDA or dentist, used to create a reproduction of teeth and surrounding
tissues
Preliminary Impression
What are preliminary impressions used for?
diagnostic models
custom trays
provisional coverage
orthodontic appliances
pre/post treatment records
taken by the dentist, produces the most accurate reproduction of the teeth and
surrounding tissues
Final Impressions
What are final impressions used for?
indirect restoration
partial dentures
full dentures
implants
holds the impression material when impression is taken
Impression Trays

What must the impression trays be able to do?

be able to carry the material to the oral cavity
hold material close to the teeth
avoid breaking during removal
prevent warping of the completed impression
Is an impression a positive or negative reproduction?
Negative
Of the 3 classifications of impressions, which can the expanded function dental
assistant legally take?
Irreversible hydrocolloid and Bite registration
Which of the 3 classifications of impressions is used with occlusal relationships?
Bite Registration
Which type of impression tray allows material to mechanically lock?
Perforated
Which type of tray is designed to fit a specific patient?
Plastic Perforated or Bite registration
What is used to extend the length of the tray?
Rope wax or Utility wax
What is the most widely irreversible hydrocolloid materials?
Alginate

Why would you select a fast set alginate over a normal set alginate?
The patient has a strong gag reflex.
What is the powder to water ratio for taking a maxillary impression?
3:3
What does the prefix "hydro-" mean?
Water
Before an impression is taken with reversible hydrocolloid, where is the material kept?
Conditioning bath
Is an elastomeric material used for preliminary impressions or final impressions?
Final
In which 3 ways are elastomeric materials supplied?
Light bodied, regular, and heavy bodied
What technique is used to place light-bodied material around a prepared tooth?
Extruder or Syringe
What system completes the mixing of a final impression material for you?
Automix
What is another term for polysulfide?
Rubber Base

Which type of bite registration material is most popular?

Baseplate Wax
What type of tray is used when ZOE bite registration paste is applied?
Gauze Tray
Do you cool or warm the wax before placing the tray in the patient's mouth for a bite
registration?
Warm
prefabricated, available in a range of sizes and styles, selected for size by trying in
patient's mouth
Stock Trays
What are the different types of Stock Trays?
Quadrant
Section
Full Arch
Perforated
Smooth
Adaptation
covers half of an arch, may be right or left specific, made from plastic or metal
Quadrant Tray

covers anterior portion of the arch

Section Trays

convert the entire arch, can be plastic or metal, different trays for max. and mand.
Full Arch Trays
has holes so material can ooze out and create a mechanical lock
Perforated Tray
no hole to create the mechanical lock, must use dental adhesive
Smooth Tray
tray may not be long enough to cover 3rd molars, palate may be unusually high
Adaption Tray
constructed to fit the mouth of a specific patient, fabricated by dental assistant or lab
tech
Custom Trays
What are the 3 types of custom tray materials?
Acrylic Resin, Light-Cured Resin, Thermoplastic Resin
used to help impression materials stay in the tray, must be dry before impression
material is loaded into the tray
Tray Adhesives
water and gelatinous substance, can be reversible or irreversible, used to make
preliminary or final impressions
Hydrocolloid Materials
alginate, these cannot return to their original state after chemical change
Irreversible Hydrocolloid
comes from seaweed, used as a thickening agent
Potassium Alginate
reacts with potassium alginate to form the gel
Calcium Sulfate
added to slow down the reaction time for mixing
Trisodium Phosphate
filler that adds bulk
Diatomaceous Earth
adds bulk to material
Zinc Oxide
added to not interfere with the setting and surface strength of product used to make the
model
Potassium Titanium Fluoride
absorbed extra water, impression was stored in water or saturated paper towel
Imbibition

impression shrinks and distorts, impression was left in open and water evaporated
Syneresis
What should you do if your patient gags on the impression material?
Tell them to Breathe through nose
Have saliva ejector available
Distraction
Talk to patient but don't ask questions
Sit up straight with head tilted forward
What should you administer for severe gaggers
Nitrous Oxide
What should you look for when examining alginate impressions?
Should be centered over centrals and laterals
"Peripheral roll" to include vestibule area
Tray not pushed down too far
No tears or voids
Sharp anatomic detail is present
What should be present on a mandibular alginate impression?
Retromolar area
lingual frenum
tongue space
mylohyoid ridge
What should be present on a maxillary alginate impression?
Hard palate and tuberosity
Different from other impressions, Height of teeth is missing, Must have more tissue
detail
Edentulous Impressions
What can be used to modify the edges of an edentulous tray?
Stick Wax
Achieves closer adaptation of the edges of the impression of tissues in the mucobuccal
fold, Done after impression tray is in place
Border Molding or Muscle Trimming
What are the three forms of elastomeric?
Light, Regular, Heavy Bodied
also known as syringe type or wash type material, used because it flows in the details of
the prepared tooth, an extruder is used to apply directly to prepared tooth
Light Bodied Material
also known as tray type material, thicker than light bodied material, used to fill the tray
Regular/Heavy Bodied
Where is a gingival retraction cord placed?
In the Sulcus
paste changes into a rubber like material, begins as soon as base and catalyst are
brought together
Polymerization
What are the three stages of Polymerization?
Intitial Set, Final Set, Final Cure
paste begins to stiffen but has no appearance of elastic properties, may still be
manipulated
Initial Set
elasticity begins to appear, slowly changes to a solid rubbery mass
Final Set
occurs within 1 to 24 hours, results in slight dimensional change
Final Cure
dispense 6 inches of base and catalyst
Paste System
completes the mixing process, uses a dual cartridge
Automix System
used when a lot of impressions are taken, can be tabletop or wall mounted
Mixing Unit System
higher viscosity, putty warms because it is mixed with hands
Putty System
What are the types of elastomeric materials?
Polysulfide
Polyether
Silicone
Polysiloxane
AKA rubber base, available in light, regular, heavy body, strong odor and taste, harder
material to mix, longer working/setting time, 2 paste system
Polysulfide
acceptable odor and taste, an easy material to mix, better mechanical properties than
polysulfide, 2 paste system
Polyether
odor free, non staining, easy to mix
Silicone
high dimensional stability, low tear resistance, no taste or odor, cartridges and putty
Polysiloxane
ability of material to keep its shape after removal from the tooth
Dimensional Stability
ability of material to resist permanent change caused by stress during removal from the
mouth
Deformation
material was changed and will not regain original shape
Permanent Deformation
important to have so the lab knows the centric relationship of the maxilla and mandible
Occlusal Bite Registration
shows occlusal relationship of both arches, used when diagnostic models are trimmed,
easiest way to do this is softened baseplate wax
Wax Bite Registration
one of the most popular, paste system and cartridges, benefits: fast setting, no
resistance to biting force, no odor or taste
Polysiloxane Bite Registration Paste
more durable than others, little to no resistance to biting, fast setting material, paste
system which needs mixed on paper pad, must use gauze tray
ZOE Bite Regi

True or false? Undercuts can be present due to an irregular resorptive pattern?

True

True or False? A retruded tongue position will increase the success of a mandibular complete denture.

False

T/F Complete denture tooth forms and arrangements must be designed to provide
function and esthetics while minimizing denture base tipping.
true
T/F Incising doesn't affect posteriors in natural dentition.
true
T/F Incising affects the entire denture because all the denture teeth are attached to the
one base
true
T/F There is equal tactile sense between natural dent and complete dentures
false, decreased with dentures
T/F Malocclusion effects are seen at roughly the same time between natural dentition
and dentures
false, 
T/F Skeletal class III patients chew vertically with little anterior-posterior movement.
Most schemes can be used.
True
T/F Investigators have NOT shown one type of denture occlusion to be superior in
function, safer to oral structures or more acceptable to patients
True
T/F Errors in CR can interfere with verifying other JRRs
True
T/F Muscle memory can be strong, usually due to malocclusion in the patient's natural
dentition
true
T/F There is a precise scientific method of determining the correct occlusal vertical
dimension.
False!

T/F The dorsal surface of the tongue is usually at or slightly below the level of the
occlusal plane
true
T/F People want to be noticed, receive compliments, to succeed. These all can come
from the friends and family evaluation.
True
T/F Observer evaluations cannot be accurate because they can't know how the
dentures feel, can't judge the efficiency of function, can't know the difficulties
encountered, can't understand the level of coordination.
True
T/F Only 50% of the work has been done-- future adjustment appointments are to be
expected after the delivery of the complete denture
True
T/F CRO=MIP
True
T/F There is less predictability in the wax try in because of difficult speech assessment
(function) and due to esthetics (pt goes from seeing natural to artificial in same day)
True
T/F If the patient had significant bone loss due to periodontitis, trimming (surgerizing)
the cast becomes difficult.
true
T/F Too thick of a layer of reline may increase VDO
true
T/F THe resin baseplate can help you locate the vibrating line.
true
T/F MIP = CRO for the typodonts
true
T/F It is common to have NO try in with immediate denture
true
T/F The more damage, positional disruption, and loss of natural teeth, the more
educated guesses we have to make on selecting the mold of denture teeth
true
T/F Knowing that the ICD is temporary allows the potential for modified acceptance--
the patient is likely to tolerate some of the difficulties of receiving such a prosthesis
because it is not final.
true
T/F Interim CD can be made to incorporate existing restorations (RPD, fixed bridges)
and can even be made without posterior denture teeth.
true
T/F Even if the patient says everything is perfect with their new denture, you should
examine the soft tissues
true
T/F PIP is helpful on peripheries.
False! 
T/F A correct preparation should resist displacement in all directions
True
T/F you should avoid a flat occlusal plane
TRUE
T/F a full restoration can be used to restore implants
TRUE
T/F There is significant tooth reduction in all ceramics
True
T/F You should use shoulder for cast metal restorations
FALSE
T/F a shallow preparation will give poor results with the preston
True
T/F The finish line should be < 1/2 distance of gingival sulcus
true
T/F The finish line should be at least 2mm from alveolar crest
True
T/F There are esthetic limitations with supragingival margins
True
T/F Often a provisional is used to assist in determination of the therapeutic
effectiveness of a specific treatment plan or the form and function of the planned for
definitive prosthesis
True
T/F the provisional should be easily cleaned
True
T/F After waxing, you should cut 1-2 mm of the margin away and rewax under
magnification as accurately as possible
True
T/F Without light, color doesn't exist
True
T/F Natural daylight is used as the standard by which to judge other light sources
True
T/F Hours around noon are ideal for CRI
True
T/F Objects of different hues/chroma can have identical values
True
T/F Dentists should have their color vision evaluated. If any deficiency is detected, a
dentist should seek assistance when selecting tooth shades
True
T/F The technician doesn't need to appreciate and respect clinical rationale of the DDS
and doesn't need to speak to the DDS
False, and False!
T/F The dentist needs to balance between technical limitations, biological factors and
esthetic needs, have active participation with the lab and have a good understanding of
the fabrication
True
all patients want perfect white teeth when they are receiving a full denture
false
denture adhesive are not needed with a well-fitting denture
true
the patient should have healthy alveolar ridges and oral mucosa when being considered
for denture treatment
true
which type of prosthesis replaces all the teeth on one Arch
Full denture
the base of a full denture is made of
Denture acrylic
porcelain teeth are
more brittle than the acrylic teeth
place the steps of a denture in order
12345
when Impressions compound is heated and placed along the borders of the tray, is the
term
muscle trimming
the maxillary final Impressions must include
2 only (tuberosities)
the mandibular final impression must include
134
what represents the space provided by the teeth in a normal occlusion
bite rims
the vertical Dimension is represented by the
D either A or B (bite rims/length of the teeth)
jaw relationships are determined by
evaluating how the mandible relates to the maxilla
the full denture goes through the final processing stage in the
dental laboratory
in regard to home care instructions for the patient, advise the patient to keep the
Denture, when not in the mouth
moist
when full dentures are in place, the patient will notice blank in the thermal changes to
the tissue under the Denture
a decrease
what is used to indicate pressure spots on the internal of the full denture
pressure indicating paste
pressure areas are adjusted with
Acrylic burs
which reline will last for a longer time in a denture
Dental Laboratory
why are relines necessary
The alveolar ridge shrinks
in a chairside reline, the reline material is cured
in the patient's mouth
in a Dental Laboratory reline, which type of tree is used
patients denture
the process of placing a soft material inside the Denture to allow irritated tissue to heal
is
tissue conditioning
denter polishing is done with
1, 2, 3, 5
patients with an overdenture show blank alveolar bone loss
less
attachments for the overdenture are
either A or B snaps / magnets
the major connectors found in the maxillary partial include
D. Palatal bar, strap, complete palatal plate
in the second treatment sequence of the intimate denture, the patient has which of the
following
only the posterior teeth extracted
the examination appointment for a complete denture include
All the Above
what is the name of the device used to make measurements for assessment of the
patient's jaw relationship
facebow
the cramps of phospha relationship of the upper and lower posterior teeth to each other
is termed
intercuspation
the movement of the mandibular from the Centric position in the lateral or protrusive of
position is called
lateral Excursion
True or false tissue on the crest of the ridge is generally thicker than the hard palate
True
True or false the best way to get maximum support is to have maximum tissue coverage
True
True or false taller the ridge the more stability well have
True
True or false if incisal guidance is increased the posterior teeth will disclude
True
What follows preliminary counseling?

Postinsertion care Arranging continuing maintenance appointments Teaching denture

hygiene Denture adjustment All of the above
ALL
Why is the denture left in place for 24-48 hours after surgery?

To allow patient to eat

To control bleeding and swelling
To get the patient used to it
To teach the patient denture hygiene
To adjust the tissues to the denture fit
To control bleeding and swelling
Which educational factor relates to the understanding of the importance of the dentist's
examination of the denture fit, occlusion, wear, and the condition of the mucosa?

Chewing Food selection Continuing care Seek care Incising or biting

Continuing care
The condition of tissues under the denture is typically consistent among individuals.
One mouth may have thinning tissues and the other may have normal keratinization or
hyperkeratinization.

The first statement is true and the second is false. Both statements are true. The first
statement is false and the second is true. Neither statement relates. Both statements
are false.
The first statement is false and the second is true.
The oral mucosa should be brushed to clean. The oral mucosa should be massaged with the fingers.

Both statements are true.

What combinations of prosthesis may the denture patient present?

Single arch complete denture Dental implants Removable prosthesis Fix partial
prosthesis Opposing arch natural teeth All of the above
ALL
What are the various causes of tooth loss?

Periodontal disease Traumatic accident Congenital Progression of inadequate hygiene

All of the above are true
All of the above are true
Dentures can be cleaned with a denture brush using water, soap, or other mild
cleansing agent. Abrasive agents produce scratches, which promote biofilm and stain
accumulation.

a) Both statements are true.

b) Both statements are false.
c) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
d) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
a) Both statements are true.
Permanent silicone liners are ______________ and have a _____________ surface;
therefore, the patient must have diligent homecare to remove food debris and biofilm.

a) soft; porous
b) firm; hard
c) soft; smooth
d) firm; smooth
a) soft; porous
The daily objective for self-care of a removable partial is to

a) remove all loose debris and attached biofilm.

b) remove all loose debris, attached biofilm, and calculus.
c) disinfect the appliance to eliminate irritants to the teeth and oral tissues that may
cause malodor.
d) A and C
e) All of the above are correct.
d) A and C
A _____________is specially designed to remove dental biofilm and debris from the
inside surfaces of clasps on a removable partial.

a) clasp brush
b) conduit brush
c) cylinder toothbrush
d) fastener brush
e) denture brush
a) clasp brush
A removable partial is held __________ while brushing to avoid damage.

a) firmly and tightly

b) tightly and carefully
c) very tightly and cautiously
d) securely and carefully
D
For stimulation of circulation and increased resistance to trauma from wearing dentures,
massage methods may be suggested to the patient. Which of the following massage
methods is recommended to the patient?

a) Digital pressure with thumb and index finger over the ridge
b) Using a soft toothbrush, apply sides of filaments and use a vibratory motion to each
area of the ridge
c) Power brush, with not pressure to each area with smooth, even strokes
d) Use the ball of the thumb and rub the hard palate
e) All of the above are acceptable methods to massage the tissue
E
Each day, the patient needs to clean their denture at home by ____________, ideally
____________, for moderate stain and biofilm.

a) mechanical immersion; overnight

b) chemical immersion; overnight
c) mechanical immersion; for 15 minutes
d) chemical immersion; for 15 minutes
B
A/An ________________replaces the full dentition of a arch. A/An _____________ can
be either a fixed or removable prosthesis designed to enhance esthetics, stabilization,
and function for a limited period of time.

a) complete denture; immediate denture

b) fixed partial denture; complete denture
c) interim prosthesis; provisional prosthesis
d) complete denture; interim prosthesis
D
A/An ______________ is used to close a congenital or acquired opening, such as for
cleft palate.

a) obturator
b) pontic
c) abutment
d) crown
A
Which of the following is NOT a component of a fixed partial denture prosthesis?

a) Connector
b) Pontic
c) Abutment
d) Space maintainer
D
Dentures need to be cleaned manually after eating and at bedtime. At bedtime dentures
need to be removed; brushed; and cleaned by chemical immersion, ideally overnight
when moderate to heavy biofilm and stain is present.

a) Both statements are true.

b) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
c) Both statements are false.
d) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
A
Which of the following prostheses replaces one or more missing teeth and is securely
retained to abutment teeth that furnish the primary support for the prosthesis?

a) Fixed partial denture

b) Complete denture
c) Removable partial denture
d) Interim prostheses
A
Which of the following is the BEST definition of a complete denture?

a) A replacement for one or more missing teeth that is securely retained to natural teeth
and/or dental implant
b) Also known as a provisional prosthesis
c) A replacement of the entire dentition and associated structures
d) A dental prosthesis that supplies teeth and or associated structures in a partially
endentulous arch
C
The oral mucosa can be negatively affected by contact with a prosthesis, which results
in the common condition known as __________________.

a) angular cheilitis
b) papillary hyperplasia
c) traumatic ulcerative lesion
d) denture stomatitis
D
Which of the following is/are recommended for self-care of a removable partial?

a) Electric/power brush and clasp brush

b) Clasp brush and denture brush
c) Firm toothbrush
d) A and B can be used for self-care of a removable partial
B
A removable partial denture supplies teeth and/or associated structures in a partially
edentulous jaw. The removable partial denture rests on the oral mucosa and carries the
artificial teeth.

a) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

b) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
c) Both statements are true.
d) Both statements are false.
C
Overzealous brushing and the use of an abrasive cleansing agent on the impression
surface of a denture can

a) easily remove biofilm, stain, and calculus.

b) easily damage the fit of the denture.
c) easily scratch the surface of the denture.
d) B and C
e) All of the above can occur to the impression surface.
D
An artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture that replaces a missing natural tooth and
restores function to the dentition is a/an ________.

a) pontic
b) obturator
c) abutment
d) crown
A
After cleaning the overdenture, the patient places fluoride gel drops inside the denture
at the location of the natural teeth. The pressure of the overdenture when seated forces
the gel around the teeth.

a) Both statements false.

b) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
c) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
d) Both statements true.
D
An artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture that replaces a missing natural tooth and
restores function to the dentition is a/an ________.

a) pontic
b) abutment
c) obturator
d) crown
A
The _______________ and _______________ are considered fixed prostheses.

a) periodontal splint; obturator

b) complete denture; space maintainer
c) Hawley appliance; overdenture
d) space maintainer; periodontal splint
D
A/An ___________ supports a fixed or removable prosthesis.

a) obturator
b) crown
c) abutment
d) pontic
C
Implants for the mandibular overdenture can be placed in the area of the
____________.

a) canine
b) first premolars
c) first maxillary molars
d) A and B
A
A tooth or implant used for the support of a fixed bridge is a/an _______.

a) crown
b) abutment
c) implant
d) pontic
B
A/An _______________ prosthesis replaces a partially edentulous arch for a short
period of time and is also known as an interim prosthesis.

a) provisional prosthesis
b) fixed bridge
c) overpartial
d) complete denture
e) overdenture
A
A/An ______________ is used to close a congenital or acquired opening, such as for
cleft palate.

a) abutment
b) pontic
c) crown
d) obturator
D
The oral mucosa can be negatively affected by contact with a prosthesis, which results
in the common condition known as __________________.

a) angular cheilitis
b) denture stomatitis
c) papillary hyperplasia
d) traumatic ulcerative lesion
B
Which of the following is the BEST definition of a complete denture?

a) A replacement of the entire dentition and associated structures

b) A dental prosthesis that supplies teeth and or associated structures in a partially
endentulous arch
c) Also known as a provisional prosthesis
d) A replacement for one or more missing teeth that is securely retained to natural teeth
and/or dental implant
A
Which of the following is/are recommended for self-care of a removable partial?

a) Electric/power brush and clasp brush

b) Clasp brush and denture brush
c) Firm toothbrush
d) A and B can be used for self-care of a removable partial
B
Which of the following is NOT a component of a fixed partial denture prosthesis?

a) Pontic
b) Space maintainer
c) Abutment
d) Connector
B
Your patient is having issues with food impaction underneath the pontics and around
the abutment teeth of the fixed bridges on #2-5 and #20-18. Which of the following is
the BEST aid to loosen the debris under the pontic and around the abutment teeth?

a) Toothbrush using the Charters method

b) Oral irrigator
c) Interdental aid
d) Floss threader
B
For stimulation of circulation and increased resistance to trauma from wearing dentures,
massage methods may be suggested to the patient. Which of the following massage
methods is recommended to the patient?

a) Use the ball of the thumb and rub the hard palate
b) Using a soft toothbrush, apply sides of filaments and use a vibratory motion to each
area of the ridge
c) Power brush, with not pressure to each area with smooth, even strokes
d) Digital pressure with thumb and index finger over the ridge
e) All of the above are acceptable methods to massage the tissue
E
Metal occlusal surfaces can be present on dentures. The metal occlusal surfaces on the
denture help maintain a stable vertical dimension of occlusion when opposing teeth may
cause excessive wear on a denture.

a) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

b) Both statements are true.
c) Both statements are false.
d) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
B
When dentures are removed overnight, the teeth are placed facing _____________ so
the soft material at the denture border cannot become deformed.

a) down in a hot immersion solution

b) down in a warm immersion solution
c) up in a warm immersion solution
d) up in a hot immersion solution
B
Metal occlusal surfaces can be present on dentures. The metal occlusal surfaces on the
denture help maintain a stable vertical dimension of occlusion when opposing teeth may
cause excessive wear on a denture.

a) Both statements are false.

b) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
c) Both statements are true.
d) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
C
For stimulation of circulation and increased resistance to trauma from wearing dentures,
massage methods may be suggested to the patient. Which of the following massage
methods is recommended to the patient?

a) Using a soft toothbrush, apply sides of filaments and use a vibratory motion to each
area of the ridge
b) Digital pressure with thumb and index finger over the ridge
c) Power brush, with not pressure to each area with smooth, even strokes
d) Use the ball of the thumb and rub the hard palate
e) All of the above are acceptable methods to massage the tissu
E
While completing the dental charting, you begin to record the fixed partial denture (fix
bridge) located in the maxillary left quadrant. You notice the pontic for the maxillary
second molar is supported by the maxillary first molar and second premolar. What type
of fixed partial denture does your patient have in the maxillary left quadrant?

a) Maryland bridge
b) Hawley bridge
c) Floating bridge
d) Cantilever bridge
D
If a patient is unable to remove their maxillary partial, the dental hygienist proceeds by

a) grasping the clasp assemblies of the prosthesis to release tension and allow for easy
removal.
b) exerting pressure on the posterior teeth to release tension and then pull upward as
the clasps slide up and over the abutment teeth.
c) exerting even pressure on both sides of the partial simultaneously as the clasps slide
up and over the abutment teeth.
d) Grasping the cingulum rest to release pressure around the abutment teeth and then
pull upward over the abutment teeth.
e) A and B
C
An interim prosthesis is a

a) fixed or removable dental prosthesis created to enhance esthetics and function for a
limited period of time.
b) removable dental prosthesis created for placement immediately following the
extraction of a natural tooth.
c) dental prosthesis that supplies teeth and/or associated structures in a partially
edentulous jaw and can be removed at will.
d) replacement for one or more missing teeth that is securely retained to natural teeth.
A
Commercial electronic devices that can be purchased by dental professionals to clean
patients' dentures and partials include which of the following? Select all that apply.

a) Agitating devices
b) Magnetic devices
c) Sonic devices
d) Ultrasonic devices
D,C, and A
Denture bases can be made of which of the following?

a) Chrome-cobalt
b) Gold in combination with a plastic resin
c) Chrome-cobalt in combination with a plastic resin
d) Plastic acrylic resin
D,A, B, C
n mixing a cleaning solution for immersion of a partial or denture at home, the patient
needs the water to be ______.

a) cold
b) hot
c) warm
d) room temperature
C
Your patient is concerned about the longevity of their new removable maxillary and
mandibular partials. The dental hygienist needs to discuss which of the following with
their patient?

a) The use of a regular toothbrush on the teeth of the partial and a power brush on and
around the clasp and natural teeth to remove biofilm
b) That longevity will depend on the health of the supporting teeth and the cleanliness of
the partials
c) That when regular cleaning steps cannot be performed the patient should remove the
partials and rinse under running water and rinse the natural teeth
d) B and C
e) All of the above
D
After the denture has been brushed and rinsed, instruct the patient to visually check
areas for biofilm and to run a finger over the surfaces to feel for

a) areas of abrasive cleanser needing to be rinsed off.

b) scratched surfaces that need to be polished.
c) slippery biofilm areas that still need to be brushed.
d) areas of calculus and stain that need to be brushed off.
C
The denture is soaked in a solvent or detergent in which a _____________ removes or
loosens stains and deposits that can then be rinsed or brushed away.

a) hydrophilic action
b) chemical action
c) immersion action
d) mechanical action
B
Which of the following is an example of a fixed partial denture?

a) Cantilever bridge supported by a double abutment

b) Cast gold crowns on abutment teeth with a solid connector between the two crowns
c) Fixed partial denture with implant abutments
d) A and B
e) A and C
E
Denture biofilm can accumulate Candida albicans, resulting in denture stomatitis.
Denture biofilm can also be associated with halitosis.

a) Both statements are true.

b) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
c) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
d) Both statements are false.
C
When using the ____________method on a fixed bridge the filaments can be directed
slightly under the pontic to remove biofilm and debris.

a) Stillman
b) Bass
c) Charter
d) Sulcular
C
The length of immersion in a denture solution at home depends on which of the
following?

a) The amount of calculus and stain present on the denture

b) The mechanical bubbling effect releasing oxygen within the solution
c) The physical bubbling effect releasing oxygen within the solution
d) The chemical bubbling effect releasing oxygen within the solution
B
The _______________ and _______________ are considered removable prostheses.

a) complete denture; space maintainer

b) periodontal splint; obturator
c) Hawley appliance; overdenture
d) space maintainer; periodontal splint
C
Your patient Mrs. Lopez has a maxillary and mandibular partial. You notice a heavy
biofilm on both partials. Mrs. Lopez explains she removes her partials every night and
rinses the partials off. She is surprised by the heavy biofilm on the partials. Which of the
following OHI would help Mrs. Lopez?

a) Mrs. Lopez should use her toothbrush and clasp brush to clean the partials.
b) Mrs. Lopez should soak the partials in hot water and then use her electric toothbrush
to remove the biofilm.
c) Mrs. Lopez should use an electric toothbrush to remove the biofilm.
d) Mrs. Lopez should use a denture brush and clasp brush to clean the partials.
e) A and D are correct
D
A pontic of a fixed bridge is at increased risk for caries and periodontal disease. Daily
oral hygiene care for a patient with a porcelain fixed bridge needs to include super floss,
an electric toothbrush, and acidulated phosphate fluoride for exposed root surfaces on
pontic teeth.

a) Both statements are false.

b) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
c) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
d) Both statements are true.
A
Which of the following can be applied to a complete denture by the patient to improve fit
and comfort?

a) Denture adhesive
b) Temporary soft silicone liner
c) Soft liner with a tissue conditioner
d) A and C
e) All can be applied to the denture by the patient
E
Teeth frequently selected for overdenture abutments are the ________.

a) mandibular canines
b) mandibular and maxillary premolars
c) maxillary canines
d) A and C
e) Any of the teeth can be selected for an overdenture.
D
An interim prosthesis is a

a) dental prosthesis that supplies teeth and/or associated structures in a partially

edentulous jaw and can be removed at will.
b) fixed or removable dental prosthesis created to enhance esthetics and function for a
limited period of time.
c) removable dental prosthesis created for placement immediately following the
extraction of a natural tooth.
d) replacement for one or more missing teeth that is securely retained to natural teeth.
B
At least ____________ a soft toothbrush with end-rounded filaments is applied lightly
over the ridges and in the vestibules using _______________ from posterior to anterior.

a) daily; circular stokes

b) three times a day; straight strokes
c) daily; short, straight strokes
d) three times a day; circular stokes
e) daily; long, straight strokes
E
Which of the following statements BEST describes an interim prosthesis?

a) Dental prosthesis that is fixed or removable and fabricated for a patient to wear for a
limited period of time, which will be replaced by a definitive dental prosthesis.
b) Dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and structures that can be
removed
c) Dental prosthesis fabricated for placement immediately following the removal of one
or more natural teeth.
d) Dental prosthesis that replaces one or more missing teeth that is securely retained to
natural teeth and/or implant abutments that furnish the primary support for the
prosthesis
A
Before immersion of the removable partial, the patient needs to remove biofilm with an
electric toothbrush and rinse the partial with warm water to remove all loose surface
biofilm and debris. The patient will then place the partial in hot water and alkaline
hypochlorite overnight.

a) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.

b) Both statements are true.
c) Both statements are false.
d) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
C
All except one of the following are considered requirements for a denture cleanser.
Which one is the exception?

a) Nontoxic and easy for the patient to use

b) Harmless to dental materials and used for partials or complete dentures
c) The agent is bactericidal, not fungicidal
d) Effective in removal of organic and inorganic denture deposits without abrasion
e) All are considered requirements for an acceptable denture cleanser
C
Which of the following is an advantage of cleaning dentures by immersion?

a) Prevents need for handling, which is particularly attractive to a caregiver

b) The solution reaches all areas of the denture for a complete cleaning
c) Minimizes the danger of dropping the appliance when the patient has limited ability to
manage a brush
d) The immersion container offers safe storage when dentures are out of the patient's
mouth
e) Solutions used for immersion condition the dentures to allow for a more comfortable
fit
B,C,D, and A
A clasp brush is specially designed to remove dental biofilm and debris from the inside
surfaces of clasps on a removable partial. A removable partial must be held very tightly
to avoid dropping.

a) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.

b) Both statements are false.
c) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
d) Both statements are true.
A
A fixed partial denture can be cemented to implant abutments. A fixed bridge is an
example of a fixed partial denture that can be fabricated from metals, ceramics, and
plastic acrylic resin.
a) Both statements are false.
b) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
c) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
d) Both statements are true.
C
A/An ________________ prosthesis is fixed or removable and fabricated for a patient to
wear for a limited period of time. This prosthesis will be replaced by a definitive dental
prosthesis in the future.

a) complete
b) fixed
c) interim
d) provisional
e) C and D
D
Which of the following is an indicator for an obturator?

a) Trauma resulting in area of tissue or structures lost

b) Cleft palate
c) Cocaine abusers that develop necrosis of the nasal septum and surrounding tissue
d) Pervious cancer of the head involving the maxilla
A,B,C, D
A/An __________________ is supported by one or more teeth at one end only. A
_____________________is an example of a resin retained bridge.

a) Implant bridge; Floating removable bridge

b) Maryland bridge; Hawley bridge
c) Cantilever bridge; Maryland bridge
d) Maryland bridge; Cantilever bridge
C
Dentures can accumulate

a) stain from tobacco, red wine, and coffee.

b) Candida albicans, the yeast that causes candidiasis.
c) biofilm that is composed of gram-negative cocci, rods, and filamentous.
d) A, B, and C
e) A and B
E
For stimulation of circulation and increased resistance to trauma from wearing dentures,
massage methods may be suggested to the patient. Which of the following massage
methods is recommended to the patient?

a) Using a soft toothbrush, apply sides of filaments and use a vibratory motion to each
area of the ridge
b) Power brush, with not pressure to each area with smooth, even strokes
c) Digital pressure with thumb and index finger over the ridge
d) Use the ball of the thumb and rub the hard palate
e) All of the above are acceptable methods to massage the tissue
E
___________________ is the fluoride of choice for a fixed porcelain bridge involving
#2-4 and #28-30, with recession on the facial and lingual surfaces of the abutment
teeth.

a) Sodium fluoride
b) Acidulated fluoride
c) Fluorapatite fluoride
d) Stannous fluoride
A
Which of the following definitions BEST describes an obturator?

a) A prosthesis used to close a congenital opening, such as for a cleft palate

b) The portion of a residual root that remains after the extraction of a tooth
c) A type of connector that consists of a mental receptacle attached to the pontic
d) An artificial tooth on a partial denture that replaces a missing natural tooth
A
The ______________ surfaces of both the maxillary and mandibular dentures require
special adaptation of the brush.

a) posterior buccal
b) posterior lingual
c) anterior lingual
d) anterior facial
C
Patients wearing maxillary and mandibular dentures need to have an examination at
least ________________.

a) yearly
b) every 4 months
c) every 6 months
d) every 2 years
C
When brushing the pontic and abutment teeth of a fixed bridge, the Stillman
toothbrushing method is recommended for removing biofilm from the facial aspect and
along the gingival margins. When using the Stillman method the filaments can be
directed under the pontic to clean the gingival surface.

a) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

b) Both statements are false.
c) Both statements are true.
d) The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
B
Which of the following is an example of a fixed partial denture?

A Cantilever bridge supported by a double abutment

B Cast gold crowns on abutment teeth with a solid

connector between the two crowns

C Fixed partial denture with implant abutments

A and B
A and C
A and C
Which of the following dental prostheses are considered removable?

Periodontal splint and obturator

Hawley appliance, overdenture, and complete denture

Complete denture, overdenture, and implant-supported complete denture

Hawley appliance, space maintainer, and periodontal splint

Hawley appliance, overdenture, and complete denture
All of the following are precautions the patient must take when brushing a removable
partial, EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

Partially fill the sink with water to prevent breakage if the partial is dropped

Avoid holding the partial with a tight grasp

Use a clasp brush to remove biofilm accumulation in and around the clasp of the partial

Using a light grasp hold the partial and brush the teeth of the partial with a regular
toothbrush or electric toothbrush
Using a light grasp hold the partial and brush the teeth of the partial with a regular
toothbrush or electric toothbrush
A long-term material can be placed on the impression surface of a complete maxillary
denture to help with fit and comfort. The long-term liner must be removed nightly to
allow the patient to clean the impression surface of the denture.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true and the second statement is false.

Both statements are true.

The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
A/An ___________________ is a complete denture supported by both retained natural
teeth or implants and the soft tissue of the residual alveolar ridge.

A overdenture
B overlay denture
C fixed denture
A and B
B and C
A and B
Which of the following BEST defines the polished surface of a complete denture?

Impression surfaces of the palate and floor of the denture Only the gingival surface

External surface or outer surface of the dentures

The occlusal surfaces of a denture that makes contact with the corresponding surface of
opposing teeth of the denture
External surface or outer surface of the dentures
____________ brushing technique is the most beneficial method for the removal of
biofilm on abutment teeth of a fixed bridge.

Bass Charters Sulcular Fones

Sulcular
Which of the following is considered safe and functional when fabricating the base of
the denture?

Plastic acrylic resin

Chrome-cobalt in combination with plastic resin

Gold in combination with plastic resin

A and B

All of the above can be used when fabricating a base for dentures.
All of the above can be used when fabricating a base for dentures.
coping
a thin covering or crown
The term used when the denture teeth are set in wax is:
a. denture arrangement
b. denture setup
c. articulated setup
d. articulated arrangement
b. denture setup
To repair a broken denture, a thin layer is ground off. Next, monomer is applied to the
surfaces so that:
a. some of the set material is dissolved
b. the setting reaction of the repair is accelerated
c. the finishing and polishing of the repair is made easier
d. the color of resin powder does not change
a. some of the set material is dissolved
Heat-activated acrylic resin systems are very similar to chemically activated systems.
the major difference (or exception) is
a. heat-activated systems have much less strength than chemically activated systems
b. more inhibitor is present in the liquid of heat-activated systems
c. chemical activator is present in the liquid heat-activated systems
d. no chemical activator is present in the liquid of heat-activated systems
d. no chemical activator is present in the liquid of heat-activated systems
T/F
Most denture teeth used today are acrylic rather than porcelain. porcelain teeth are
softer than acrylic teeth and do not cause excessive wear on natural opposing teeth.
First statement true, second statement false
Partial denture frameworks usually include.
a. clasps, denture base, and connectors
b. teeth, clasps, and connectors
c. clasps, connectors, and mesh
d. teeth, denture base, connectors, and clasps
c. clasps, connectors, and mesh
Cross-linking of acrylic resins will improve the mechanical properties. The most
important or beneficial property it would improve would be
a. resilience
b. toughness
c. fatigue
d. creep
b. toughness
T/F
Mandibular dentures are easier to wear than maxillary. Saliva helps to improve the
suction needed to hold a denture in place.
First statement false, second statement true
The wax rims used for denture construction serve to determine the patient's
a. midline
b. plane of occlusion
c. size o denture teeth
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The acrylic resin of a partial denture is processed the same way as a complete denture
EXCEPT
a. it takes less time because fewer teeth are involved
b. the finishing and polishing technique is much different
c. the acrylic resin must flow through and around the mesh of the framework
d. it takes longer because of the design of the framework
c. the acrylic resin must flow through and around the mesh of the framework
T/F: store denture in an antiseptic solution.
False
T/F: Back rubs are routinely given as a part of the bath procedure.
True
T/F: A padded footboard is one method of preventing foot drop.
True
T/F: Routine oral hygiene should be carried out once daily
False
T/F: Proper oral hygiene helps prevent tooth decay.
True
T/F: Store the denture cup on the back of the sink.
False
T/F: Patients who have no teeth and no dentures require regular oral hygiene.
True
T/F: When giving pm care, tighten the bottom sheet and straighten the top linen.
True
T/F: Wear gloves when giving oral care.
True
T/F: The unconscious patient needs no oral care because he is not eating.
False