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Final Impression: Objectives and Materials

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Final impression

objectives and materials


Final impression
Definition
the impression that represents the completion of the
registration of the surface or object.
Objectives
To obtain an impression from which a retentive, stable and
comfortable denture base can be constructed.
To record as accurately as possible the shape of the mucosa
overlying the alveolar ridges and hard palate together with
functional depth and width of sulci.
tray

impression

Impression
material
Impression materials for complete denture:
Stock
tray

Primary
impression

Impression
material

a) Impression compound
b) Alginate
c) Agar agar
Impression materials for complete denture:
Special
tray

Final
impression

Impression
material

a) Zinc oxide Eugenol


b) plaster of paris ( impression plaster)
c) Elastomeric impression material (light bodied)
Requirements of impression material
Must be a semi-liquid material that will flow and adapt
itself around the structure of interest.
It must set and harden into a solid that is rigid enough to
be removed from the mouth without becoming deformed.
Copy details accurately.
Dimensional stability after removal from the mouth.
Appropriate working time.
Appropriate time to harden in the mouth (setting time).
Bio-compatibility/Aesthetic, odor/taste.
Chemically compatible with material used to pour cast.
Classification
By Application or
By Setting Mechanical Properties
Mechanism non-elastic Elastic

Chemical Plaster of Paris Alginate


reaction ZOE hydrocolloid
(irreversible) Elastomers
Temperature Compound Agar
changes Wax hydrocolloid
Impression plaster
Used to record final impression for completely edentulous arch.
It is similar in composition to the dental plaster used to construct
models and dies.
The material is used at a higher water/powder ratio
(approximately 0.60) than is normally used for modelling
plasters.
The fluid mix is required to enable fine detail to be recorded in
the impression and to give the material mucostatic properties.
Special tray is constructed using a 1–1.5 mm spacer.
Before pouring the impression, the impression must be coated with a
separating agent (soap), otherwise separation of the cast is
impossible.
The mixed impression material is initially very fluid and is capable of
recording soft tissues in the uncompressed state.
In addition, the hemihydrate particles are capable of absorbing
moisture from the surface of the oral soft tissues, allowing very
intimate contact between the impression material and the tissues.
The fluidity of the material, combined with the ability to remove
moisture from tissues and a minimal dimensional change on setting,
results in a very accurate impression which may be difficult to remove.
The water-absorbing nature of these materials often causes patients
to complain about a very dry sensation after having impressions
recorded.
The material is not suitable for use in any undercut situations (rigid
material).
Zinc oxide/eugenol impression material
used to record the final impressions of edentulous arches.
supplied as two pastes which are mixed together on a paper pad or glass slab.
The zinc oxide paste, typically, being white and the eugenol paste, a reddish
brown colour.
This enables thorough mixing to be achieved as indicated by a homogeneous
colour, free of streaks, in the mixed material.
The pastes are normally dispensed from toothpaste- like tubes and are mixed
in equal volumes.
The proportioning is achieved, simply, by expression equal lengths of each
paste onto the mixing pad or slab.
•The impression is normally recorded in a close-fitting special tray, constructed
on the cast obtained from the primary impression.
•Defects sometimes arise on the surface of the impression but these can be
corrected using an impression wax.
•The material is not suitable for use in any undercut situations (rigid material).
Impression waxes
Impression waxes are rarely used to record complete
impressions but are normally used to correct small
imperfections in other impressions, particularly those of the
zinc oxide/eugenol type.
They are thermoplastic materials which flow readily at mouth
temperature and are relatively soft even at room temperature.
They are applied with a brush in small quantities to ‘fill in’
areas of defect.
Elastomers
Often called rubber materials since they have properties similar to rubber.
Clinical uses:
 Bridges
 Implants
 Partial dentures and complete dentures
 Indirect esthetic restorations

Four types of elastomers are in general use:


• Polysulphides.
• Silicone rubbers (condensation curing type).
• Silicone rubbers (addition curing type).
• Polyethers.
Polysulfides
• These materials are generally supplied as two pastes
• Setting times of 10 minutes or more particularly for light-bodied materials.
• The polysulphide elastomers have very good tear resistance.
• It has an unpleasant odour.
• The colour contrast between the two pastes is an aid to efficient mixing,
which is continued until a homogeneous colour, with no streaks, is
achieved.
• An adhesive is used to promote adhesion between the impression material
and tray.
Condensation silicon
Developed as alternative to Polysulfides
Has more desirable qualities in comparison:
 Easy mix
 Better taste and odorless
 Shorter setting time (5-7 minutes)
Proportioning of the paste/liquid materials is by mixing a given volume
of paste with a fixed number of drops of liquid.
For paste/paste materials equal lengths of pastes are mixed together. A
colour contrast between the pastes enables the operator to see when
proper mixing has been achieved.
In order to obtain optimum accuracy, the models should be cast as soon as
possible after recording the impression.
Addition silicon
Desirable clinical qualities:
 Dimensional stability
 Accuracy
 Clean
 Easy to mix
 No foul odor or taste
However, they are among the most expensive
Proportioning is carried out by extruding equal lengths of each
paste onto the mixing pad. A good colour contrast between the
pastes enables thorough mixing to be achieved.
Polyethers
The two pastes are proportioned
by volume.
Equal lengths of paste are
extruded onto a mixing pad .
 The good colour contrast
between the pastes aids mixing.
very good dimensional stability.
Position of the dentist and pateint
Set the patient in up
right position

For mandibular impression the For maxillary impression the dentist


dentist stand in front of the patient stand behind the patient
Impression border molding
Objectives
To shape the border of impression in order to allow
the muscles to function in harmony with the denture.
To improve the border seal of the denture.
Requirements of materials used for border molding
Should have sufficient strength.
Should allow some preshaping of the form of the
borders.
Should have a setting time of 3-5 min.
Should retain adequate flow while seating in the
mouth.
Should not cause excessive displacement of the tissues
of the vestibule.
Should be readily trimmed and shaped so that excess
material can be carved and the border shaped before
the final impression is made.
Materials used for border molding
Stick compound.
Autopolymerizing acrylic resin.
Polyether impression paste.
Impression waxes.
Periopack.
Tissue conditioners.
Methods
According to manipulation:
1. Manual or digital manipulation.
2. Functional manipulation.
3. Combination of both.
According to technique:
1. Open mouth technique.
2. Closed mouth technique.
3. Single border molding.
4. Incremental border molding.
Manual or digital manipulation
The contour of the denture borders is obtained by
the dentist with digital (finger) manipulation of lips
and cheeks of patient within functional limits.
Functional manipulation
The contour of the denture borders is obtained by
the functional movements provided by the patient.
Open mouth technique
In this technique the tissues are recorded in their
undisplaced position.
The patients mouth is partly opened and tray is
held in position.
Closed mouth technique
In this technique the tissues are recorded in their
functional and displaced position.
The patient applies pressure by closing against
occlusion rims or teeth and executes muscle actions
such as swallowing, grinning or pursing the lips
while the impression material flow.
Incremental technique
Use stick compound

Soften over flame by


rolling repeatedly to avoid
over heating and burning.
• The softened stick
compound is flowed along
the border of the required
segment of the tray.

• The tray is tempered in warm


water , placed carefully in
patient mouth and necessary
movements performed by
dentist and patient .
• Clean the tray.

• The borders should be


round and smooth with
full extension.
Single border molding
Application of the material to the borders of the special
tray (all borders) in one time, and taking the
impression of the borders.

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