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2005 India IMO Training Camp

India International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp 2005

Day 1

1 Let ABC be a triangle with all angles ≤ 120◦ . Let F be the Fermat point of
triangle ABC, that is, the interior point of ABC such that ∠AF B = ∠BF C =
∠CF A = 120◦ . For each one of the three triangles BF C, CF A and AF B, draw
its Euler line - that is, the line connecting its circumcenter and its centroid.

Prove that these three Euler lines pass through one common point.

Remark. The Fermat point F is also known as the first Fermat point or
the first Toricelli point of triangle ABC.

Floor van Lamoen

2 Prove that one can find a n0 ∈ N such that ∀m ≥ n0 , there exist three positive
integers a, b , c such that

(i) m3 < a < b < c < (m + 1)3 ;

(ii) abc is the cube of an integer.

3 If a, b ,c are three positive real numbers such that ab + bc + ca = 1, prove that


r r r
3 1 3 1 3 1 1
+ 6b + + 6c + + 6a ≤ .
a b c abc

Day 2

1 Consider a n-sided polygon inscribed in a circle (n ≥ 4). Partition the polygon


into n − 2 triangles using non-intersecting diagnols. Prove that, irrespective
of the triangulation, the sum of the in-radii of the triangles is a constant.

2 Let τ (n) denote the number of positive divisors of the positive integer n. Prove
that there exist infinitely many positive integers a such that the equation
τ (an) = n does not have a positive integer solution n.

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5000
Contributors: darij grinberg, Rushil, Tales, vinoth 90 2004, orl, Pascual2005, ZetaX,
pigfly, pbornsztein
2005 India IMO Training Camp

3 There are 10001 students at an university. Some students join together to form
several clubs (a student may belong to different clubs). Some clubs join together
to form several societies (a club may belong to different societies). There are a
total of k societies. Suppose that the following conditions hold:
i.) Each pair of students are in exactly one club.
ii.) For each student and each society, the student is in exactly one club of the
society.
iii.) Each club has an odd number of students. In addition, a club with 2m + 1
students (m is a positive integer) is
in exactly m societies.
Find all possible values of k.
Proposed by Guihua Gong, Puerto Rico

Day 3

1 Let 0 < a < b be two rational numbers. Let M be a set of positive real numbers
with the properties:

(i) a ∈ M and b ∈ M ;

(ii) if x ∈ M and y ∈ M , then xy ∈ M .

Let M ∗ denote the set of all irrational numbers in M . prove that every c, d
such that a < c < d < b, M ∗ contains an element m with property c < m < d

2 Find all functions f : N∗ → N∗ satisfying


2
f 2 (m) + f (n) | m2 + n


for any two positive integers m and n.


Remark. The abbreviation N∗ stands for the set of all positive integers: N∗ =
{1, 2, 3, ...}.
By f 2 (m), we mean (f (m))2 (and not f (f (m))).
Proposed by Mohsen Jamali, Iran

3 A merida path of order 2n is a lattice path in the first quadrant of xy- plane
joining (0, 0) to (2n, 0) using three kinds of steps U = (1, 1), D = (1, −1) and
L = (2, 0), i.e. U joins x, y) to (x + 1, y + 1) etc... An ascent in a merida path
is a maximal string of consecutive steps of the form U . If S(n, k) denotes the

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5000
Contributors: darij grinberg, Rushil, Tales, vinoth 90 2004, orl, Pascual2005, ZetaX,
pigfly, pbornsztein
2005 India IMO Training Camp

number of merdia paths of order 2n with exactly k ascents, compute S(n, 1)


and S(n, n − 1).

Day 4

1 Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. The lines parallel to AD and CD through


the orthocentre H of ABC intersect AB and BC Crespectively at P and Q.
prove that the perpendicular through H to th eline P Q passes through th
eorthocentre of triangle ACD

1
2 Given real numbers a, α, β, σ and ̺ s.t. σ, ̺ > 0 and σ̺ = 16 , prove that there
exist integers x and y s.t.

−σ ≤ (x + α( ax + y + β) ≤ ̺

3 Consider a matrix of size n × n whose entries are real numbers of absolute value
not exceeding 1. The sum of all entries of the matrix is 0. Let n be an even
positive integer. Determine the least number C such that every such matrix
necessarily has a row or a column with the sum of its entries not exceeding C
in absolute value.
Proposed by Marcin Kuczma, Poland

Day 5

1 For a given triangle ABC, let X be a variable point on the line BC such that
the point C lies between the points B and X. Prove that the radical axis of the
incircles of the triangles ABX and ACX passes through a point independent of
X.

This is a slight extension of the IMO Shortlist 2004 geometry problem 7 (http:
//www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=41033) and can be found, to-
gether with the proposed solution, among the files uploaded at http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum
. Note that the problem was proposed by Russia. I could not find the names of
the authors, but I have two particular persons under suspicion. Maybe some-
body could shade some light on this...

Darij

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5000
Contributors: darij grinberg, Rushil, Tales, vinoth 90 2004, orl, Pascual2005, ZetaX,
pigfly, pbornsztein
2005 India IMO Training Camp

2 Determine all positive integers n > 2 , such that


1
ϕ(n) ≡ 1(mod6)
2

3 For real numbers a, b, c, d not all equal to 0 , define a real function f (x) =
a + b cos 2x + c sin 5x + d cos 8x. Suppose f (t) = 4a for some real t. prove that
there exist a real number s s.t. f (s) < 0

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5000
Contributors: darij grinberg, Rushil, Tales, vinoth 90 2004, orl, Pascual2005, ZetaX,
pigfly, pbornsztein

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