Aops Community 2014 Indonesia Mo Shortlist: Inamo Osn Shortist 2014

AoPS Community 2014 Indonesia MO Shortlist
INAMO OSN Shortist 2014

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c870136
by parmenides51, chaotic iak, antonbnt15 Indo
– Algebra
A1 Let a, b be positive real numbers such that there exist infinite number of natural numbers k
such that bak c + bbk c = back + bbck . Prove that ba2014 c + bb2014 c = bac2014 + bbc2014
A2 A sequence of positive integers a1 , a2 , . . . satisfies ak + al = am + an for all positive integers

k, l, m, n satisfying kl = mn. Prove that if p divides q then ap ≤ aq .
A3 Prove for each positive real number x, y, z,
x2 y y2z z2x (x + y + z)2

+ + <
x + 2y y + 2z z + 2x 8
A4 Prove that for every real positive number a, b, c with 1 ≤ a, b, c ≤ 8 the inequality
a+b+c √
3
≤ abc
5
A5 Determine the largest natural number m such that for each non negative real numbers a1 ≥
a2 ≥ ... ≥ a2014 ≥ 0 , it is true that
r
a1 + a2 + ... + am a21 + a22 + ... + a22014
≥
m 2014
A6 Determine all polynomials with integral coefficients P (x) such that if a, b, c are the sides of a
right-angled triangle, then P (a), P (b), P (c) are also the sides of a right-angled triangle. (Sides
of a triangle are necessarily positive. Note that it’s not necessary for the order of sides to
be preserved; if c is the hypotenuse of the first triangle, it’s not necessary that P (c) is the
hypotenuse of the second triangle, and similar with the others.)
– Combinatorics
C1 Is it possible to fill a 3 × 3 grid with each of the numbers 1, 2, . . . , 9 once each such that the
sum of any two numbers sharing a side is prime?
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C2 Show that the smallest number of colors that is needed for coloring numbers 1, 2, ..., 2013 so
that for every two
number a, b which is the same color, ab is not a multiple of 2014, is 3 colors.
C3 Let n be a natural number. Given a chessboard sized m × n. The sides of the small squares
of chessboard are not on the perimeter of the chessboard will be colored so that each small
square has exactly two sides colored. Prove that a coloring like that is possible if and only if
m · n is even.
C4 Suppose that k, m, n are positive integers with k ≤ n. Prove that:

m
k m
n
X
r k
m+n = 1

r=0
(r + k) r+k
C5 Determine all pairs of natural numbers (m, r) with 2014 ≥ m ≥ r ≥ 1 that fulfill
2014 m 2014 2014−r

m + r = r + m−r
C6 Determine all natural numbers n so that numbers 1, 2, ..., n can be placed on the circumference
of a circle and for each natural number s with 1 ≤ s ≤ 21 n(n + 1) , there is a circular arc which
has the sum of all numbers in that arc to be s.
– Geometry
G1 The inscribed circle of the ABC triangle has center I and touches to BC at X. Suppose the
AI and BC lines intersect at L, and D is the reflection of L wrt X. Points E and F respectively
are the result of a reflection of D wrt to lines CI and BI respectively. Show that quadrilateral
BCEF is cyclic .
G2 Let ABC be a triangle. Suppose D is on BC such that AD bisects ∠BAC. Suppose M is on

AB such that ∠M DA = ∠ABC, and N is on AC such that ∠N DA = ∠ACB. If AD and M N
intersect on P , prove that AD3 = AB · AC · AP .
G3 Let ABCD be a trapezoid (quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides) such that AB < CD.
Suppose that AC and BD meet at E and AD and BC meet at F . Construct the parallelograms
AEDK and BECL. Prove that EF passes through the midpoint of the segment KL.
G4 Given an acute triangle ABC with AB < AC. Points P and Q lie on the angle bisector of
∠BAC so that BP and CQ are perpendicular on that angle bisector. Suppose that point E, F
lie respectively at sides AB and AC respectively, in such a way that AEP F is a kite. Prove that
the lines BC, P F , and QE intersect at one point.

G5 Given a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD. Suppose E, F, G, H are respectively the midpoint of the
sides AB, BC, CD, DA. The line passing through G and perpendicular on AB intersects the
line passing through H and perpendicular on BC at point K. Prove that ∠EKF = ∠ABC.
G6 Given an ABC acute triangle with O the center of the circumscribed circle.
Suppose that ω is a circle that is tangent to the line AO at point A and also tangent to the line
BC.
Prove that ω is also tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle BOC.
– Number Theory
N1 (a) Let k be an natural number so that the equation ab + (a + 1)(b + 1) = 2k does not have a
positive integer solution (a, b). Show that k + 1 is a prime number.
(b) Show that there are natural numbers k so that k + 1 is prime numbers and equation ab +
(a + 1)(b + 1) = 2k has a positive integer solution (a, b).
N2 Suppose that a, b, c, k are natural numbers with a, b, c ≥ 3 which fulfill the equation abc = k 2 +1.
Show that at least one between a − 1, b − 1, c − 1 is composite number.
N3 Find all pairs of natural numbers (a, b) that fulfill ab = (a + b)a .
N4 For some positive integers m, n, the system x + y 2 = m and x2 + y = n has exactly one integral
solution (x, y). Determine all possible values of m − n.
N5 Prove that we can give a color to each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 2013 with seven distinct colors
(all colors are necessarily used) such that for any distinct numbers a, b, c of the same color,
then 2014 - abc and the remainder when abc is divided by 2014 is of the same color as a, b, c.
x2 + y 2
N6 A positive integer is called beautiful if it can be represented in the form for two distinct
x+y
positive integers x, y. A positive integer that is not beautiful is ugly.
a) Prove that 2014 is a product of a beautiful number and an ugly number.
b) Prove that the product of two ugly numbers is also ugly.

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AoPS Community 2014 Indonesia MO Shortlist

INAMO OSN Shortist 2014

A2 A sequence of positive integers a1 , a2 , . . . satisfies ak + al = am + an for all positive integers

A3 Prove for each positive real number x, y, z,

x2 y y2z z2x (x + y + z)2

© 2020 AoPS Incorporated 1

C4 Suppose that k, m, n are positive integers with k ≤ n. Prove that:

G2 Let ABC be a triangle. Suppose D is on BC such that AD bisects ∠BAC. Suppose M is on

© 2020 AoPS Incorporated 2

N3 Find all pairs of natural numbers (a, b) that fulfill ab = (a + b)a .

© 2020 AoPS Incorporated 3

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