C2.Welded Connection2 1

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
CHAPTER 2
STRENGTH OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Sumatera

Ir. DANIEL RUMBI TERUNA, MT;IP-U HAKI
Strength of fillet welds
Tensile strength of electrode

material
Design Strength of fillet welds
The design strength per unit length of a fillet weld is based on the shear
resistance through the throat of the weld, as follows:
Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   fillet weld
But not greater than shear rupture strength of the base metal:
Rnw  0.75t 0.60Fu   base metal

where
te  effective throat dim ension

FEXX  tensile strength of electrode material
t  thickness of base material along which weld is placed
Fu  tensile strength of base metal
Design strength of fillet welds
P

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX 1  0.5 sin1.5    fillet weld
for   0  Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   longitudin al weld
for   90  Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX 1.5  transverseweld

a transvese weld is 50% stronger than longitudinal weld
Design tension member with welded end connection
1. Yielding on Ag
Pn  0.9 xFy xAg

2. Fracture on Ae
Ae  UxAn  bolted connection
Pn  0.75xFu xAe Ae  UxAg  welded connection
Where
U  1.00 when Lc  2w
U  0.87 when 2 w  Lc  1.5w When a member is a
U  0.75 when 1.5w  Lc  w single plate fastened
by only longitudinal
Lc  length of longitudin al weld welds ( Lc  w)
w  width of plate
When preceding item is not applicable
 x 
U  1    0.9
 Lc 
Where
Lc  Length of longest longitudinal welds
x  Connection eccentricity
3. Block shear rupture
Shear yielding – tension fracture
Fu At  0.6Fu Av
Rbs   0.6Fy Av  Fu At 
Shear fracture – tension yielding
Fu At  0.6Fu Av
Rbs   0.6Fu Av  Fy At 
where
Av  gross area subject to shear
At  gross area subject to tension
 0,75 for fracture limit state

Fu  minimum tensile strength
Fy  minimum yield stress
Example 1. A plate welded 8mm x 200mm welded to a 10 mm gusset
plate. Compute the maximum force. ( block shear are not considered)
Fy  300 Mpa , Fu  450Mpa
2400mm E60  4200 kg / cm 2  420 Mpa
8mm te  4mm
P 200mm
200mm
• Strength of steel plate.
- Yielding on Ag
Pn  0.9Fy Ag  0.93001600  432000 N  432kN

- Fracture on Ae
Ae  UAg  0.751600  1200mm2

Pn  0.75xFu xAe  0.754501200  405kN
- Strength of fillet weld
For longitudinal weld
1. Weld fracture
Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   0.75x4 x(0.60 x420)  756 N / mm

2. Shear rupture of the member alongside a weld
Rn  0.750.60Fu t  0.75(0.60 x450)8  1620 N / mm
since Rn  Rnw , weld fracture governs
For transverse weld
1. Weld fracture
Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX x1.5  1.5x756 N / mm  1134 N / mm

2. Tension rupture of the gusset plate alongside of weld
Rn  0.75Fu t gusset  0.75(450)10  3375N / mm

For the fillet weld group, the design strength is
 R nw / mmxLw  2(756) x240  (1134) x200  389680 N  389kN
Thus, the maximum force of steel plate connection is 389 kN

Example 2. A pair of steel angle is welded to 9mm thick gusset plate as
shown in figure below . A36 is used for steel angle and gusset plate. Find the
dimension of angle if the connection is loaded 420kN axial force, (2). design
the thickness of weld.
L2
Fy  250 Mpa , Fu  360Mpa
E70  4900 kg / cm 2  490 Mpa
Pu
e
L1
Using equilibrium equations to find P1 and P2
P1
L1 
Rnw
P2
L2 
Rnw
1. Yielding on Ag
Pu
Pn  0.9 xFy xAg  Pu  Ag   1867mm2
0.9250
2. Fracture on Ae
Pu
Pn  0.75xFu xAe Ae   1556mm2
0.75360
Ae
estimate U  0.85 Ag   1830mm2 , Try 2L 90 x90 x6
U
 (max) y0  (min)
x0 Ag  10.50cm 2 , rx 0 r y 0  2.75cm
x0
cy
r  3.47cm , r  1.75cm , cx  c y  2.42cm
y0
cx
3. Design of weld
9  cx
L2 P1  ( Pu / 2)  153.54kN
P2
9
9  cx cx
P2  ( Pu / 2)  56.46kN
Pu / 2 9
cx
P1
L1
use t  6mm and te  0.707t  4mm
4. Strength of longitudinal weld

weld fracture
Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   0.75x4 x(0.60 x490)  882 N / mm

shear rupture of base metal (angle)
Rn  0.750.60Fu t  0.75(0.60 x360)6  972 N / mm

P1 153540
L1    174.1  175mm
Rnw 882
P2 54460
L2    61.7  62mm  Lmin
Rnw 882
Lmin  4t  24mm
4. Check the strength of angle
x 2.42
U  1  1  0.98  0.90  use U  0.9
L 175
Yielding on Ag
Pn  0.9 xFy xAg  0.92502 x1050  472.5kN  Pu (ok )

2. Fracture on Ae
Ag 1050
Ae    1166mm2
U 0.9
Pn  0.75xFu xAe  0.753602 x1166  629.6kN  Pu (ok )

L2
P2
L3 h  cx
P3 Pu
cx
P1
L1
P3  L3 xRnw
h  cx
P1  ( Pu  P3 )
h
c
P2  x ( Pu  P3 )
h

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STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Sumatera

Tensile strength of electrode

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   fillet weld

Rnw  0.75t 0.60Fu   base metal

te  effective throat dim ension

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX 1  0.5 sin1.5    fillet weld

for   0  Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   longitudin al weld

for   90  Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX 1.5  transverseweld

Pn  0.9 xFy xAg

Lc  Length of longest longitudinal welds

Shear fracture – tension yielding

Av  gross area subject to shear

At  gross area subject to tension

 0,75 for fracture limit state

• Strength of steel plate.

Pn  0.9Fy Ag  0.93001600  432000 N  432kN

Ae  UAg  0.751600  1200mm2

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   0.75x4 x(0.60 x420)  756 N / mm

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX x1.5  1.5x756 N / mm  1134 N / mm

Rn  0.75Fu t gusset  0.75(450)10  3375N / mm

For the fillet weld group, the design strength is

 R nw / mmxLw  2(756) x240  (1134) x200  389680 N  389kN

Thus, the maximum force of steel plate connection is 389 kN

use t  6mm and te  0.707t  4mm

4. Strength of longitudinal weld

Rnw  0.75te 0.60FEXX   0.75x4 x(0.60 x490)  882 N / mm

Rn  0.750.60Fu t  0.75(0.60 x360)6  972 N / mm

Pn  0.9 xFy xAg  0.92502 x1050  472.5kN  Pu (ok )

Pn  0.75xFu xAe  0.753602 x1166  629.6kN  Pu (ok )

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