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    EE341 - Lecture 5

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    Wala Saadeh
    This document contains lecture slides about MOS cascode stages and current mirrors from an electronics microchip design course. It discusses ways to increase output impedance using cascode configurations, and defines the short-circuit transconductance and how it relates to voltage gain. Examples are provided for calculating output resistance and voltage gain of various cascode circuits. The use of PMOS transistors to improve cascode amplifier output impedance is described. The concept and purpose of current mirrors in sensing and duplicating a "golden current" is also summarized.

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    EE341 - Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Wala Saadeh
    60 views27 pages
    This document contains lecture slides about MOS cascode stages and current mirrors from an electronics microchip design course. It discusses ways to increase output impedance using cascode configurations, and defines the short-circuit transconductance and how it relates to voltage gain. Examples are provided for calculating output resistance and voltage gain of various cascode circuits. The use of PMOS transistors to improve cascode amplifier output impedance is described. The concept and purpose of current mirrors in sensing and duplicating a "golden current" is also summarized.

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    Microelectronic Design lecture 5

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    EE341_Lecture 5

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    This document contains lecture slides about MOS cascode stages and current mirrors from an electronics microchip design course. It discusses ways to increase output impedance using cascode configurations, and defines the short-circuit transconductance and how it relates to voltage gain. Examples are provided for calculating output resistance and voltage gain of various cascode circuits. The use of PMOS transistors to improve cascode amplifier output impedance is described. The concept and purpose of current mirrors in sensing and duplicating a "golden current" is also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views27 pages

    EE341 - Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Wala Saadeh
    This document contains lecture slides about MOS cascode stages and current mirrors from an electronics microchip design course. It discusses ways to increase output impedance using cascode configurations, and defines the short-circuit transconductance and how it relates to voltage gain. Examples are provided for calculating output resistance and voltage gain of various cascode circuits. The use of PMOS transistors to improve cascode amplifier output impedance is described. The concept and purpose of current mirrors in sensing and duplicating a "golden current" is also summarized.

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    EE341

    Microelectronic Design
    Lecture 5
    1st Feb. 2021

    1
    Boosted Output Impedances

    Rout1  1  g m RE || r rO  RE || r


    Rout 2  1  g m RS rO  RS

    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 2


    MOS Cascode Stage

    Rout  1  g m1rO 2 rO1  rO 2


    Rout  g m1rO1rO 2
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 3
    Another Interpretation of MOS Cascode

     MOS cascode can be thought of as stacking a transistor on


    top of a current source.
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 4
    Example 1

    5
    PMOS Cascode Stage

    Rout  1  g m1rO 2 rO1  rO 2


    Rout  g m1rO1rO 2
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 6
    Example: Parasitic Resistance

     RP will lower the output impedance, since its parallel


    combination with rO1 will always be lower than rO1.
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 7
    Example 2

     Compute the output resistance of the circuits shown below.


    Assume all of the transistors operate in saturation and
    gmrO >>1

    8
    Example..cont.

    9
    Short-Circuit Transconductance

    iout
    Gm 
    vin vout  0

     The short-circuit transconductance of a circuit measures its


    strength in converting input voltage to output current.
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 10
    Transconductance Example

    Gm  g m1
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 11
    Derivation of Voltage Gain

    vout  iout Rout  Gm vin Rout


    vout vin  Gm Rout

     By representing a linear circuit with its Norton equivalent,


    the relationship between Vout and Vin can be expressed by
    the product of Gm and Rout.
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 12
    MOS Cascode Amplifier

    Av  Gm Rout
    Av   g m1 (1  g m 2 rO 2 )rO1  rO 2 
    Av   g m1rO1 g m 2 rO 2

    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 13


    Improved MOS Cascode Amplifier

    Ron  g m 2 rO 2 rO1
    Rop  g m3 rO 3 rO 4
    Rout  Ron || Rop

     The output impedance of a MOS cascode amplifier can be


    improved by using a PMOS cascode current source.

    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 14


    Example 3

    15
    Example 3

    16
    Example 4

     Compute the output resistance of the circuits shown below.


    Assume all of the transistors operate in saturation and
    gmrO >>1

    17
    Example 4

     Compute the output resistance of the circuits shown below.


    Assume all of the transistors operate in saturation and
    gmrO >>1

    18
    Example 4

     Compute the output resistance of the circuits shown below.


    Assume all of the transistors operate in saturation and
    gmrO >>1

    19
    Example 4

     Compute the output resistance of the circuits shown below.


    Assume all of the transistors operate in saturation and
    gmrO >>1

    20
    Example 5

     Determine the voltage gain of each circuit

    21
    Example 5

     Determine the voltage gain of each circuit

    22
    Example 6

     Design the CMOS cascode amplifier for a voltage gain of


    200 and a power budget of 2 mW with VDD = 1.8 V. Assume
    (W/L)1 = …= (W/L)4 = 20/0.18 and ƛn = 2ƛp = 0.2 v-1.
     Determine the required dc levels of Vin and Vb3. For
    simplicity, assume Vb1 = Vb2 = 0.9 V.

    23
    Example 6

     Design the CMOS cascode amplifier for a voltage gain of


    200 and a power budget of 2 mW with VDD = 1.8 V. Assume
    (W/L)1 = …= (W/L)4 = 20/0.18 and ƛn = 2ƛp = 0.2 v-1.
     Determine the required dc levels of Vin and Vb3. For
    simplicity, assume Vb1 = Vb2 = 0.9 V.

    24
    Example 6

     Design the CMOS cascode amplifier for a voltage gain of


    200 and a power budget of 2 mW with VDD = 1.8 V. Assume
    (W/L)1 = …= (W/L)4 = 20/0.18 and ƛn = 2ƛp = 0.2 v-1.
     Determine the required dc levels of Vin and Vb3. For
    simplicity, assume Vb1 = Vb2 = 0.9 V.

    25
    Example 6

     Design the CMOS cascode amplifier for a voltage gain of


    200 and a power budget of 2 mW with VDD = 1.8 V. Assume
    (W/L)1 = …= (W/L)4 = 20/0.18 and ƛn = 2ƛp = 0.2 v-1.
     Determine the required dc levels of Vin and Vb3. For
    simplicity, assume Vb1 = Vb2 = 0.9 V.

    26
    Concept of Current Mirror

     The motivation behind a current mirror is to sense the


    current from a “golden current source” and duplicate this
    “golden current” to other locations.
    CH 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors 27

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